The New York Herald Newspaper, February 27, 1851, Page 3

| SEESSENNTO PLONE aaErEe A. wor ene SRN Se INTERESTING Our Havana Correspoudence. Havana, Feb. 12, 1851. Whe Witlicism in the Furo— Liberality of the Cap- tam General—The esources of Cuba—Statzati- cal Statement for Three Years—The Joint Interest of Planting and Commercial Cubans— Propose tion to admit British and American Coin into Circwlation—The Opera—Liwstrasion of the Censorsinp—Marin’'s Wittrism. ‘Well, by way of variety, let me commence this fetter with a little piece of gossip. It seems that the editors of the Faro Industrial, the liberal paper here, were notancluded in the invitations for the banquet given to Senor San Martin, at the Cerro Villa. This was followed by @ witticismin the Faro, wherein the banquet was styled Balshazzar’s Feast, and winding up with aa allusion to the guests and those favoring the banquet, coupled with the quotation of a Spanish proverb—“ To every hog comes his St. Martiu’s day.” This is the dey on which a general slaughtering of hogs takes place ia Spain. These remarks brought out several gentlemen, who visited the office of the Faro, with the intention of chastising the author of the witticism They could not fasten it upon any one One of the editors, who is a Spaniard, has resigned the position, to avoid the unplessaat consequences of an extreme hostility growing ou! of such a state of things between the paper here and other parties, j meluding the governmen:. 1t 18 supposed that the censor, Whose duty it 18 to judge all articles writ- ten for publicationin the jouruals here, permitted this to pass into the paper for the purpose of iojur- ing the Furo, against which i 13 supposed a suffi- cient amount of charges are being made, in run- ning account style, to justify ihe government in some day putting a siop to ats ivsue. Ithas been customary for the censor to expunge articles much more innocent than this. Oi +his matter it may be said that all goea to prove the im olicy of violence on the part of those who hope for better things in Cuba; for those ameliorations which Spain can grant, she will grant, or risk the loss of her sovereignty over the island In my last, [ related un instance of the leniency displayed by the present Cavtsia General, on the occasion of his recent visit to Matanzas. Aaother PROM CUBA. instance has just transmred to this ¢ ty, wherein that liberality which distinguishes him from many of his predecessors was agein extubited. Aa Ame- rican named Stiff, a Californian, was convicted by the court having junsdiction in auch cases, of hav- ing drawn arins upon one of the guard, whose duty it Wes to arrest him, in consequence of disorderly behaviour in the street. Upon intercession of the acting Consul here, Mr Morland, the Governor Gener.l, taking tne case ont of the hands of the court, kas pardoned him = The penalty of the law is six years confinement in the chain gang The man is row let off by paying the costs of the suit, which has been generousty subscribed by the Americans in Havana. Yet the Creoles here feel that it is merely their good fortune—not 4 cons+quence of the manner in which Spain governs them—‘hat they have a Go- vernor General who is disposed to mitigate the se- verity of that government. The nex: man may be a yee é : vet usnow see what is the food contained in | Cuba for sustaining that spirit of counmercial free- dom named in my last iewer, and for maintaining | its healthy action. An economist wiil not fail to see what it is when | yame these facts: — Chat her soil is of a depth and s:reagth that, after the g ather- ing of the hundreth crop, is still, with deep plough- ing, ready to produce more ; that ooly one-third of the arable land of the isiacd has been reduced to cultivation; that this hes been dose with im- perfect agricultural imipiements, which hive mere'y skimmed the surfice of the soil, with- out ever wrning up t the fructifying light ot the sum, the subsoil in its deep mech deposit. that one planter pear Trinided has just sold the Test lot of his sugar crop of 1560" growth, and that the sum receive mspletes the aguregate of half a 0 of dollars received by him ior the sugar aad gofthat veer'serey That in 1850, Cuda ex) d over 1 200,000 boxes of sugar, us will ap- pear by the official returns wheo published, but which’ does not inciude ali, as I shall herealter ex- Nain. ’ Owing to the favor of her climate, similar to that wherein the best quality of cane was first found, and thence brovgat tor cui watonu,'( Tahiti) owing alzo to the abuudant fo ed by very great heat, and to the cheapnes rf, Cuoa bas natu. ral advantages tor juvation of that none of her enors Can Col tend against) with surcess. And wherever nature most favors ike protartion of an article 'y to the comfor: of mankind, there, too, should men favo Kebeliion agatiast natare’s H obedience to her laws is gain—is uni- verea) gain How does Spain deal wich this beautifal island * Products of Spain, excep! dour, #re charged with aduty of erly seven per cent, while on those of other countries, from 33 to 50 -er cent 1a imp: Spanish flour, in Span toma ia charged $2 r oarrel; Americaa flour, $9 85, nearly ten dol- jars per barrel j The tobacco crop ef Cuba, more than ten mil- | lions of pounds, is of great vidoe, when we con- | sider that certain dirtricts prodace qualities un- | equalled eleewhere The coilee extates are gra- dually being converted in'o suger estaies, the eul- tivation of the latter being more protitanle Bot the great staple of (be tid is sugar. Flow | is it fostered by the goverumeut! [t ts not per | mitted to take care of itsi', which is all itre- | quires. An export auy of 5 ats per box of | 400 bs. is imposed. A duty ot 27) per cent is charged on agricultural machio-ry aad imple: men's imported, except steam aniis. A duty of 9 85 per bbl is iv Jnited States, the lergest customer tor Cuban sugar; of 67c. per 100 Ibs, oa ber corn, of M7e per 100 tba. om ber codash, of 2le on each of her sugar-box shooks, of per lb. on her beams, of l/c. per ib oa tiers of 4e_ per |b. oa her lard, on her candies ib BL) per ton, tonnage duty, is levied va r cM vessels ovher than last letter, viz., how sugar is fostered by the government here, I will give you one or two out of my budget of anecdotes, that will be in point. In fully employed in the clarification of cane juice. | great measure, subsist, | alone it can yiel wed on the flour of the | may bea Spanish; 62hc. on Spanieu. Quoting from retams more correct than the 1, J find that the exvo jar to the in 1646, 350 xee 't seems that the ex)« sugar to the United States in 1817, was about double that of 15:46. Let us see what was the importation of leading articles from the Usind States sgaiust this eugur M flourin 1845, it was 24,157 obls.; in IM47, was 42,755 bbls. the United 3.ates, in ” 25 Ibs each Ia 1347, was 923,207 de 1816, was arrobes. During the year 1847 corn, or maize, wi * | has of late sought to awe | | | | Mitted into fowr ports, Havana, Matanzas, Carde- | nas ond Mariel, free of duty. it ts © be eeea that the amount of breadewuils taken from the Uaited States tn 1847 was tmmenesely greater chan in any previous year. This was mauly the result of free trade in maize, combiaed with the redaction made in tue United States by the tariff of 1846, actiag co-operatively. Tne inutual loosening of reetric- tion aiding materially ‘a caustag at ouce an enor- Mouse increase in exchange of products, It ie udmitied that a portion of his increase in exchanges is to be accounted tor oy the scarcity ot breadstufls here, owing to the hurricane of 1516. This cause, doubiless, operated greatly for the im crease of the flour unportation, b1t «could have deen only partial in respect t+ corn. which owed ite great increase mainly tothe lecing up of the duty for that year Certainly the government ex- peeted euch a result to seerue from tnat act, or it wou!d not have reling ped the daty; that result being the sole object. Thus it ts tnat goverament, by us » admits the value of a principle, when omer to 4 the increase m the flour impo: v have been largely owing to wee of the United States taking more suger that year, for which the flour was eentin payment. Aa increase of sugar ‘wes taken in consequence of the diminution of the duty thereon, that year, ia the Uatted States, under the new tarifl. Lt herefore still attri- butable chiefly to the operation of the free trade principle. Wiinees its operation in the mereased consumption of engar in England, since the re- duction of the tariff there it has been eeen that the daty on American flout is about five timenas great as that on Spanien. ‘This ulmoet amouats to a prohibition; and yet so strong is the tendency to an exchange of products between the United States and Cuba, that over 42,000 berrels were imported into the latter country from the United States, in 1847 If the py’ wae moderate, say not more than that on Spanish flour, though that would be too much, we would ree, oo in the case of that year's increase in flour and corn, sneh an increase of trade between the countries as would be highly Profitable to both. And would Spaia lowe by the change? Cer- tainly net. | am convinced from what nas come to my knowledge here, that the amount of flour amuggied into Cuba, and which, under a moderate tarif!, would be openly imported and ony duty, t20 great that were the whole new pe ying duty and emuygled brought in openiy, ae it would be under @ moderate daty, the amownt ot revenue would not de mach-tecs than ia now collected The Ameti- ean four being of better quality 19 betier led th the Spanish; and the increased market euch extension of an open and acknowledgrd (and there ore more generally adopted) trade would make or Cuban sugars, resolve into the dominion alty, for Aberta. | vermment. of Spain 0." additional amount of taxable wealth, that would yield amounts returning a large profit to her excheque? by the change of policy. The merchant, generally Spaniards, most of them favor the present restricted policy, dreadii competition from the American and other capital and enterprise that won,'d be invited under a more liberal policy. The agricv'luralists wish for that which 1s clearly for their inverest. Now, after what has beed said, one is tempted to exclaim in their hearing, ‘* dw ye not see, O, Ca- talan traders! that the interestsot the Creole plant- er are yours? Learn to unite your interests to- gether; seex calmly from Spain those ameliora- tions which she can july, grant, and, by granting, can avoid that day of revolution that would injure all interests, should its fury buret over this lovely island.” This policy would also prevent another consequence of the present tendency of things, of which I shall treat hereafter. A proposinon, I understand, ie to be made to the government here, to the effect, that coin of the United States and Great Britain be received with the currency of Spanigh and American coin. But I doubt if any measures so liberal as this, will at present be adopted by the government here. The ope ite thinly attended, except on the when, as usual, the house is jammed. at Was @ witty revenge of Mari ii ip of the theatre het Jn “ Puritani,” the original words, tar la morte grigando liberta”’—** It meet death with the cry of liberty,’ rendered here, by order of the government, with a substitution of lealta for berta—loyalty for lib- erty. It seems that Marini had been accustomed, among the European governments, without any check to render the original words of the opera. Thence it was from effect of habit that he acci- dentally, on one occasion, uttered liber—, when, recollecting himself, he substituted lealta. lor this slip of the tongue he was imprisoned. Upon regaining his liberty, after apologs 8, it was his for- tune to sing in ** Elsire d’ ore,” the verse ** Vende sua liberta, si fe soldato”—* ‘He has sold his hberty to become a soldier.” In this case, too, the witty Marini (probably thi ig it a good op portunity to teach them that :t isa poor rule that will not work both ways), substituted lealta—roy- Siogiog it thus— He sold his teyalty to become a soldier.” You will perceive the full force of this. Lon. Havana, Feb. 17,1851. Tlustration of Sugar Fosterng—Tarif’ Follies— Surerdal Policy of Spain— Depreciation in Value of the Agricwltural Interest—Effect of Miltary Expenditures— Sole net Revenue from Sule of Offices—Cowha—His Purposes—The wants of Cubans—IJntelligence among Cubans—Want of Accommodation ww Cuba for Travellers—Propost- tion fora Hotel Company—English Steamer’s Arnval. In illustration of a subject touched upon in my 1545, an enterprising eugar planter made an impor. tation of animal charcoal, which has been success- There was no such article enumerated in the tariff, but coal steod there at 45 cents per 100 pounds duty. A representation was ably and distiactly drawa up, and presented to the government by a planter, settingforth the facts of the importance of the sugar interest, that steam machinery used ia the miking of sugar wes admitted free of duty, that as the interest and poles of government was to foster the growth and successful production of the great staple, it was thought this article of animal charcoal should be admitted tion, and after due iavestigation and deliberation, returned for answer that all which had been urged asto the wisdom of the policy of aidiag the developement of the great staple of sugar was true; that had these facts existed, t article should be permitted to enter the coun- try free of duty. But they had ascertained that a manufactory of this arucle animal charcoal was in operition in Cuba, and as it was necessary to protect the industry of the islaad, a duty of 43 cents per 100 pounds must be paid upon animal charcoal. The Solons! How has it re- sulted? The duty drove each planter to making his own animal charcoal, the manufacturer failed, aud his works were stopped. \ et more ; to illustrate the truth of the free exchange princi- ples—if the importation ws permitted free ot duty, the planters say they could import it cheaper than they can themselves manufecture it. If such ana- tural course of things was perantied, would not the sugar interest and the interest of government clearly be promoted through the purchases of sugar, the foreigners would make io retura for the animal charcoa! taken of them” Protect the industry of the island, forsooth | This sort of thing would be amusing, were it not deplorable Again, the first importation of gutta percha has been made duria, my present stay here. A planter had purchase: some of it for tubes used in his sugar house. Upoa its arrival at the Castor House it was found pro- peily to belong among the noa-enumerated articles that are charged with a duty of 33 per cent. But the Solons of ihe Custom House, taking the in- voice wherein wis set forth the actual costia Eng- jond, multiplied that sum by eight, and then laid the legal 33 percent duty thereon, thus imposing actually, a duty of 260 per centon the cost of the article. Well, this planter and others must row dispense with the use of ngpos percha, which they might have made available to their profit. What is thet other cousequence of the present tendency of things to which | promised, near the close of my last letter to refer again’? Ifa peasant hes « cow, upon the milk of which his family, ia a he will permitit such free renge of the commous as Will enable it to procure an ubsndent supply of food, by means of which him milk. The consequence of the impolitic treatment of this island by Spzin jlure of the milk. Not a coffee estate OW pal profit. Not over two thirds of the su- gar eviates even, at this moment, yield enough over and above what the hire of the negroes would bring, to pay more than the interest on real estate —in short on capital invested. Labor, under_all circumstances, iv high—negroes are scarce. The returns of 1841 und 1817 show a@ decrease in the interval of 120,000. The importation, meantime, had probably been 40 or 50.000, making an actual decrease of not less than 160,000 in 6 years Owing to the military force with which Spain the island into sub- miseion, the transmission of revenue to the mother country hes of late ceased. he only actual money profit Spain at this moment derives, is that received in the questionable man- ner of premium, for the offices sold to those whom she sends here. This is too vile a method, and too much excites the contempt, not only of Cubans, but of all civilize one, to be enduring. »leces too greal reapon in the ha Cubsns and their friends, and into the Spain's evemies, to a the system. Indeed. in, in too many w: pursuing such a pe one whose effect create moral weapous that may be used to her de« triment. Cube feels the burden of a despotic military go- Of one that imposes onerous taxes upon unrepresented interests; and those who com- pose these interests require such an amount of commercial freedom as shail promote their welfare in enlarging the market for their produce. The: want the markets of the world; not a restricte one, favored only in one quarter, that of Spain. I bave said that itis felt that the presence of a libe val Governor here is owing to the good fortune of Cubans, not to the maoaer in which Spain go verne the Island. If so, what power is for the ex- ercise of tyranny. Toe Captain General's power is absolute; more so than that of the Spanish Queen. ‘The poresent | Captain General, Cone ie a mild, and, as far as a military man, uoaccustomed to the affairs of a civil government, may be expected to be, he is liberal. Doubtless he desires the real in- terest of Cuba. But he is surrouaded by officials, whoge interests urge the compiete coatinuance ot the present srate of thuge, |, Owing to the cen- sorsbip of the press, the voice of the real Cubans, the c7 #, cannot reach hisear Their interests, end the great plantiog interest—the one that bears the burden of the taxes, call for a representation in the Cortez at Madrid as Britain gives hy will not grant this, Spein might, throw, ection, loosen the bonds of that commercial reetrie- n, Which ea) thie age, only be regarded as a rele of barberiam, unwortny the greatnea Spain thould be ambitions of enjoying al le the en- izhteved nations of the nineteenth ary. The Cabane, o' to their proximity to the United States, their trade with it, aud the increased intercourse between the people of the two coun- tries, growing out of the transit by steam to and from rie, and the Atlantic and and Gulf States, are daily becoming more alive to the ad- ventages enjoyed by Americans under their insti- tutions. They perceive benefits, and are desirous of participating in them = ‘The intelligent among them trace these advantages to their own dors, and calculate their benenrial effects. And they Can diecern a path slong which these advantages may be led, that shall uot encroach upon the right ful domain of Spam, norin anywise violate the honor of that country. We eee what that path is We have seen the spirit of commercial freedom that pave it. We have een what food is here to evetain that epirit. Providence has a great end to achieve, it preperes its instruments slowly sectetly The physical and moral means are ually forming and combining their «ction to ve the design. of Providence. Steara te laboring for commerce, and commerce for civilization and all amenities By way of illustrating how the number of the ia- = pn, 8 daily bec: telligent among the Cubans. of Ms larged—last summer a party . were travelling the Sta. This was, for some of them, a@ fi. ~ United States. It chanced that ta crossed a wooden bridge, over which wa. with a warning in large letters, that five fine would be incurred by riding or driving the bridge faster than a walk. Upon its be. translated for him, at his requert, one of these Cubana, looking around, ex; ed his sur- prise that he saw no police nor soldiers about to enforce the law ; and yet he remarked with aston- ishment that the driver, literally obeying the in- junction, restrained his horses to a walk while crossing the bridge. In Caba, this gentleman re- marked, there would have been a soldier with arms etanding et each end of the bridge te enforce the law ; how came it to be go obeyed here ? It was then explained to him, that in a country where the laws were made by a people for their own conveni- ence and safety, and where all had @ voice in the making, there is patriotism, a satisfaction, a pride. end a general and individual interest in maintaining the lawg, that iprameteed them inviolate without the aid of force. It wasat first difficult for the Cuban to understand these things properly, but before his visit to the United States was finished, his percep- tions of the coadition of the country and of the dif- ference between it and his own, and of: what his own required and might attain to, were doubtless considerably sharpened. __The want of comfortable accommodations is sen- sibly felt by all foreigners visiting Cuba. The Cubens should form a joint-stock company, and build a large hotel. Then a Howard, a Moanot, or @ Stetson & Coleman, might be found. who would attempt the heretofore untried experiment of ke eping’a good hotel here. The Americans, by their joint-stock steamship associations, have opened the way for a more intimate association of Cubans and Americans. It remains for the Cubans to do their devoir towards a peaceful, improving, and profit- able commingling of the two people. The English steamer from Liverpool, Jan. 17th, arrived at this port yesterday morning. A Spanish sailing vessel, arriving at the same time, brings the intelligence of the last Capt. General’s (Roncali) elevation to the post of Secretary of Warin Spain. Creoles here are drinking his health. A brother of the present Captain General, Concha. it is said, is the new Prime Minister. At this newa, there be- gan to be some rejoicing among Creoles, unvl it was whispered that the brothers were not on good terms. The United States Senators from New York, from 1787 to 1851, with Sketches of Politt- cal and Personal History. On looking over the oflicial records of elections of United Senators by the Legislature of thia State, we find but three ins'ances of elections, by joint ballot, in consequence of disagreement between the Senate and Assembly. Those iastances are— first, the election of Dewitt Clinton, in February, 1802; second, that of Theodorus Bailey, Fesruary, 1803; and third, that of Rufus King, February, 18!3. All other Senators appoiated by the Legis- lature have been chosen by concurrent vote, or agreement of nominations, by the Senate and As- sembly. There have been, since 1739, three in- stances of failures to elect a Senator in consequence of the refusal of cne or both houses to make a nomination—namely, in 181%, by reason of the Legirlature being divided into three parties; in 1825, in the attempt to elect Ambroge Spencer; in 1839, in alike attempt to elect N. P. Tallmadge; and the preaent session of 185], in the attempt to elect Hamilton Fieh. The first three Senators appointed by the Legia” joture were chosen by concurrent resolution of the Senate and Assembly—the Legislatures of 1733 aud 1789 having been unable to agree on a bill which would receive the rauction of the Council of Revision, that body, compoeed of the Governor, Chancellor, and Judges of the Supreme Court, having the same veto power, by the constitution of 1777, as is pow vested in the Governor alone. A biil providing for the appointment of Senators in Congress was passed by the Senate and As- sembly in 1789; but being rejected by the Coun- cil of Revision, the Legislature proceeded to choose the Senators, as before remarked, by con- rent resolution, and the same action was re- peated in the choice of Seaator in 1791. On the Mth of January, 1793, an act was passed providing that Senators to represent the State io Congrees, should be chosen in the same manner as delegates to the Contiaental Congress were pro- vided for by the State constitution—the elections to teke place cn the fourth Tuesday in January previous to the expiration of the term of Seaators, and this act to remain in force until January, 1300. The clause of the State Constitution of 1777, re- serred to, isin the following words, vi (WO That delegates to reprerent thi general Congress of the United St be annually appointed as foliow ua Arrembdly ehall openly mv as shall be equal fo the whole number of dele, Le eppointed; after which nominstion they shall mert together, and those perrons named in both lists shali be delegates; and out «f these persons whose names are not in both liets. one balf rbell be chosen by the joint bellot of the Senators and Members of Assembly, fo mot together as aforesaid. On the 20ch of March, 1501, the law of 1793 wae, in substance, re enacted, and the time of election of Senators changed to the firet Tuesday m Febru- ary. By the revised statutes, now in force, and enacted in 1828, the law respecting the appoiat- meat of United States Senators was eimplified, and changed to its present form, which continues the former system of open nomination of candidates by each member of the Senate and Assembly; but in the event of a disagreement bitween the two houses, instead of confining the choice, as the old taw did, on joint ballot, to the two candidates nominated, it leaves the choice open to any names the members of the Legisiature may place upon their ballots. The first Congress under the Constitution me in the city of New \ork, and formed a quoramin April, 1789; the first session occupied a period of nearly sx menths, the adjournment taking place on the 29th of September, 1789. New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Leland, were not at first represented in that Congress, nor did they vote for Presidential Electors at the first election—the Legislature of New York not having passed the requisite Jawa, and the other two States not hav- ing adepied the Constitution. North Carolina finally came into the Union, November 21, 178°, and Rhode Island, May 29,1790. The Legisia« ture of New York, of 1788, although failing to provide for the choice of Senators and Presiden- tial electors, passed an act dividing the State into six districts, for the election by the people of the six members of the House of Repree tives, to which the State was then entitled. Under this jaw, in March, 1789, John Lawrance, of New York city; Egbert Benson, of Dutchess; William Floyd, of Long Island; Joha Hathorn, of Ulster; Peter Silvester, of Columbia, and Jeremiah Yan Rensselaer, of Albany, were elected the firet members of Congress from this State, under the present Constitution, and took their seats in the Houee in April ond May, 1789. They were in time to vote 6n the most important measures adopted by the first Congress —among others, the removal of the seat «f government, and the assumption of State debte, the latter strongly urged by General Washington, Hamilton, and other federalets. Three of the above membera voted for assumptioa of State debta, which was carried at the seasion of 179, and three against itso that the voie of the State in the House wee neutralized In the Se nate, where the State was also represented in time to vote on the most important measures, Mesers Sehuyler and King voted for assumption of State debis, as they did © for the first Bink of the United States, in January 1791. All of the mx New York members of the House also voted for the bank, although three of them were considered anti-federalists, and the bank was to be located in Philadelphia. The ennual election in the State of New York, in Apri!, 1789, was contested with much interest by the frderaliete and anti-federalista, the former friendly and the latter hostile to the United States consti- tutioo, which hed then just been adopted and gone into operation. It had received the sanction of the State Convention which met at Poughkeepsie in Joe, after a long and protracted discussion, on the 26th of July, 1788, by a vote of 80 to 27. There was a majority of anti-federalists in the convention; State in the . but « few of them voted with the federalists, and others absented themselves on the final vote, so as to secure the ratification of the constitution by the State. The State election referred to, in April, 1789, terminated generally in favor ot the federal- ists, although Governor George Clinton, (anti-fede- ralist,) was re-elected by a majority of 429 votes. On the 6th of June he called the Legislature togesher, ‘y proclamation, to meet at Albany on the 6th of ~ following. In his opening speech, he stated had ealled the extra session to give the Le. atan early day, again an opportunity to States Senators. * by the two houses on the 2lst July, ‘oice of Senatora by concurrent ‘een rejected, as we have * Revision, the Legislature distinguished Federai- ‘er and Hon. Rufus to represent the “tates. the Senators “ongress of several » ‘uy that he gislature, . eleet United . A bill, paesea providing for the e. Tesotution, having . stated, by the Councif a finally made choiee of two ists, viz; Gen. Philip Schoy. King, by eoncurrent resolutien, State in the Senate of the Unitedd The following is a complete list of . who have represented this State inthe v rhe United States, with the date of thelr eppointments, from 1789 to 1849: It ie the perfect list of New York Senators yet’ pubdliom and may be relied on for its accuracy, as the elec tions, names, and dates, have been carefully tran- scribed from the legislative journal NAMES OF U.S. SENATORS FROM NEW YORI. ed, Dats of Expiration Appointment. Senoters. Remar’s. of term. July 18) 17895 Philip Schuyler, — | Marob, 1791 July 16, 1789 ) Rutus King, — March, 1795 Jon 19,1791. ron Burr, _ March, 1707 Jan 27,1795. Rufus King, — Resig 98 Nov. 9, 17) ‘chn Lawrance, Resign 800 Jan 24 1797. .Pbilip Bebuyl 1793 Jen. 11, 1798. .J. Bloss Ho! 1793 “May 21,17! Avg. 17, 1768, .James Watao: April 8, 1300. .Gouver. Morris, Nov. 6, 1800..Jno Armetrong, March, Jav. 27, 1801..Juo Armstrong, Resigned, Feb. Feb. 11, 1802., DeWitt Clinton, Ri Feb. 1, 1608, .,TheodorusBailey, q by ov.) . T, 1808. 300. Armstrong, ) George § Feb. 23, 1504 (clinton) ; 1808 i Feb. 4, 1804..Jobn Pmith, - March, 1807 Feb. 4, 1804,.Jno Armetrong, _ Noy, 9, 1804,.8. L Mitchell, - Feb. 3, 1807..John Smith. - March, 1813 Feb. 7, 1809..Obadiah German, — = Maroh, 1815 2.1813, Rufus King, - March, 1819 | ahon Bantord, — March, 182t | Ratus King. — March, 1825 M. Van Buren, — = March, 1827 4 1826..Nathan Sanford, — | March, 1831 Feb. 6, 1827..M. Van Buren, | Resigned, Janu’y, 1820 . 16, 1829..Chas. E Dudley, — March, 1533 Feb, 1,1831,.Wm.L. Marcy, Resigned, Janu’y, 1833 Jan. 4, 1833..Silas Wright. jr, = — March, 1837 Feb. 6, 1833,.N. P. Tallmadge, -- March, 1839 7, 1837,.Rilne Wright. je, — March, 1843 14, 1840..N. 2. Tallmeege, — = Nov. 21. 1814 . 7, 1843, Biles Wright, jr » 3 Nov 20, 1844 ' ( By Gov. 1 {Deo. 9, 1844... A. Foater, { pay | Jan. 27, 1845 Do. .-D. 8. Dickineon, do, Jan 27, 1845 Jen 18, 1845, Jobn A Dix, = March, 1849 {Jan 18.1645..D.8. Dickinson, — March, 1% Feb. 6, 164¥..Wm. H. Seward, Nareh * William North, appointed by Governor Jay seat in the Senate May 2), 1798. John Ar eppointea by Governor George Clinton. too December 7, 1803, and was continued by elect Legielatore. tJopn Armstrong appointed Ambassador to | nor Lewis communicated the November, 1804, no reeigus. tion being mentioned. { Mecers. Forter end Dickinson, appointed Senators by wernor Bouck, took their deals im the Semate December 9, 1644, We now proceed to give some account of the elections and appointments of all the above named Senators, and such pereonal notices and sketches of political history connected therewith, es we deem most interesting at the present time, or for future reference, to thoze who would be familiar with the movements of parties in Senatorial elec- tions. We have mentioned that General Schuyler and Rufus King were chosen the first Senators from this State, by concurrent resolution, by the Legis- lature, in July, 1789. On the 15th July, a resolu- tion, firet oflered in blank, that Philip Schuyler be appointed Senator, was edopted in the Assembly. On motion to iasert the name of Kufas King io- stead of Philip Schuyler, the noes were 37—ayes, 19, The name of Ph lip Schuyler was then seat to the Senate for concurrence. A second resolu- tion was offered in biank—Lewis Morris, of West- chester, waa rejected without a count. Ezra L’Hommeaieu, of Suffolk county, anti-federalist, was rejected--39 to 20. Rufus King was also re- jected—34 to 21. James Duane, Mayor of New York from 1753 to 1789, waa then proposed aad carried—% to 19 By a manceuvre, James Duane being nominated and chosen on the part of the Aesembly, his name was first presented to the Senate, although General Schuyler’s name had been sent in, each name being sent to the Senate witha mes- sage, by a separate committee of two members of Assembly. The Senate, therefore, first voted on the resolution proposing James Duane as Senator and he was rejected oa a division--ayes #, noes 10. Ezra L’Hommedieu (anti-federalist) was then named and carried—ayea ll, noes? Oaa motion to substitute the name of Kufus King, the ayes were 6, noes 12. The reeolution was there- fore sent back to the Aeserbly, with the name of Ezra L’Hommedien, The other resolution from the Assembly, appointing Gen. Schuyler, was con- curred in—ayea 12, noes 6 On th 16th July, the resolution returned to the Assembly, substituting L’Hommedieu’s name for that of Daane, was non-concurred in—%i to 24 Rufus King was then proposed when the name of Lewis Morris was moved ubstitute, and re- jected—43 to 12. Rufus King was then unanimous. ly eecepted, and the re: tion, with his name, being sent to the Senate, was concurred ia there by a vote of 11 to & Thus, after this long precess of shudling between the two parties and the separate branches of the Legisisture Gen. Schuyler and Mr. King were declared choeen Senators to represent the State ia Congress. That body being in session in the city of New York, Mr. King took his seat in the Senate on the 25th, and Gen. Schuyler on the 27th July, 1789. On a classification of the Senators, Mr King drew the long term, expiring on the 3d Mareb, 17%, and Gen. Schuyler the short term, expiring 3d Mach, 1791 The public lives of these two distinguished Se- natore embrace the history of the country through & long and momentous period. Gen. Schuyler was born at Albany, in 173%, belonging to a family ori givelly from Holland, and standing couspicu- ous in our colonial annals. At an early age he began to display bis active mind and mili- tary epirit. He was captain in the British colonial forces in 1755, aud served in seve- ral of the northern expediiio From 1768 to 1775 he co-operated with George Clinton, General Woodhull, and other patriots ta the House of As- tembly, in the struggle for the rights of the colonies the British government man, he then bore the title of Colonel Schuyler In 1775 he was one of the deiegates chosen by the Provincial Congress, to represent New York in the Continental Congress. We fiud General Washing: too and Schuyler associated in the committee ap pointed to prepare rule and regulations for the government of the army. On the 19h of June, 1775, Sebuyler was apoointed by Coogress the 14 Major General in the continental army. He great and important services at Saratoga, and other battle fields of the revolution, as well as his per- sonal eacrifices and devotion to th cause of the country, on all oc asions during the contest, in council as well asin the held, are too well kaowa 40 require a notice from w: cellor Keat s1ys ofbim: “Take him for allinall, he was one of the wisest and most efficient men, both in mititary and civil life, that the State or the nation has pr> | known, notwithatanding the publication of hw pre duced” We may add here, that General Schuyler hed bern elected to the Continental Congress ia 1777, | reistives, ehow and wea re-elected in each of the three following yeers. In November, 1779, Congress appointed him to confer with General Washington on the state of the Southern department In {741 he was elected to the Senate of tive State, and was 8 member of that body w! chosen U S. Sene tor. In 1792, being again in the State Senate, he ties, he B " ns ° not been cu 28Picuous on either side at the tine of | Fry, the adoption Of the constitution of the United States. His pr. %¢ipal political connections, how- ever, were with ti ¢ entifederslists. As a military | een a was active in the promotion of inland navigation, by the early establisament of c mpanies for thit purpose, in which he took a premi.ent part and in- ‘erest. He aleo formed a plan for the improvement of the revenues of the States in 1797 his plan was adopted, and to that we owe the institution of the office of Comptroller. It may appear singular that General Schuyler, with all the knowledge the members of the Legis- lature had of his great public services and ngh character, shou'd fail of a re-election to the Senate when the short term he had drawn was about to expire. But the General had many decided politi- cal enemies, as he was an ardent and violent parti- zan of the federal school, and was presumed to act under the influence of Gen. (then Colonel) Hamil- ton, who was his son-in-law. The manners of Gen. Schuyler, which had been formed in the camp, and not in courts of law, or among the people, were considered austere and aristocratic, and rendered him personally unpopular. To contend with Gen. Schuyler for the honor of representing the State in the United States Senate, ond to oppose his re-e'ection to that body by the Legislature of 1791, came forwari the cele- brated Colonel Aaron Burr, then about thirty-five years of age, also at the time Attorney Gene- ral of the State. Burr was a man of pleasing and January, 1795. The resolution appointing hia Senate, was adopted b ten soerngas, to ‘the Assembly, the vote was takes by open Domination, as follows:—For Rufus ) 35; Thomas Tilloteon, ; John Lawrence, Sodaraliet,) 1 of the closest votes ever given for Senator im re, and shows that the federal party, that time, was dosing ground in the State. Doctor lotson, voted for by the republicans, or demo- crats, againet Mr. King, was a conspicuous tician for some time. He was, by marriage, con- nected with the Livingston family. He was ap- pointed Secretary of State in 1801, whea the democrats came into power. We i only very briefly allude to the political life of Mr. Kufus king. His life, correspondence, and other writings, are now in the course of pee tion for the press, by his son, Charles King, 8q:, NOW President of Columbia College, and the work will be a valuable addition to the political history of America. Kufus King was born at Scar- borough, Maine, then belonging to Massachusette, in 1766. After Toosiving a collegiste education, he entered the continental army as aid to General Sullivan, when that officer marched with his force to attack the British on Khode Island. On re- turning from that campaign, Mr. King went to lewburyport,and resumed the s'udy of the law with Mr, Parsons, then the first lawyer in the State. Being admitted to the bar, in 1780, Mr. King soo became distinguished in the profession. Histeady elocuton and courteous manners made him popu- lay with the people, and he was soon sent to the Legislature, where he became a leading member. In 1784 he was chosen a delegate to the C ~ seinating address, and, at that period of his life, was Considered a most persuasive and eloquent erator, and an able advocute at the bar. In poli- When the electis’2 ot Senator cume onin the New York Legislatux.®, On the 38th of Junuary, 1791, a reeolution was o. ered in Wank, in he As- sembly; and on motion to insert the same of Philip Schuyler, it was rejected--noes 32, ayes 27 moti tied—ayes 32, noes the name of Aaron Burr, and insert that of Egbert A on to insert the name of Aaron Borr was car- On motion to obliterate Benson, the ayes were 24, noes 34. The reoolution appointing Aaron Burr was then sent to the Senate, where it was concurred ia, on the following day (8th January)—ayes M, noes 4. Six Senetors were ebsent on the occasion, and it is inferred that some of the federalists, at the time, preferred the election of Burr to Schuyler. We have seen a pleaeant letter from Gea. Schuyler to three friends in New York, (Messrs. King, Lawrence and Ben- son,) written after his defeat, and humorously ex- plaining the causes thereof. He speaks of Burr as his **wily’’ opponent, ath own election mainly ‘0 conspicuous politions of th Jot s—the latter a Senator egion county. These men seem to have as. sury in his intrigues against Schuyler. Burr took his seatin the Senate at the ret cession of the Second Congress, in October, i791, end was a zealous and constant attendant at his post, asa Senator, until the expiration of his term, in March, 1797. He took decided ground asa democratic republican, and on most questions acted ip opposition to his colleague, Mr. King; also endea- vored to pave the way forthe election of Mr. Jef* ferson to the Presidency, asthe successor to Gen. ashington. Dutit isin vain to look for anything rmportent to the interests of the country in the le" yisiative movements of Col. Burr, in the records of the Senote. He was active in intrigues for hinself and those devoted to his interest He commenced his cnreer in the Senate by prying into the records of the Seeretary of Si then kept by Mr. Jeffer- son. At last, that gent’eman told him that Gen Washington had forbidden any further explorations of the records for his private use and benetit. The democratic party in the Senate, however, became much attached to Col. Burr, and insisted upon ¥ Weehington's cppointing him minisier to ce, in place of Gouverneur Morris, who being a friend of the late royal family, and opposed to the French revolution, the democrats wished recalled. Vreeident Washington positively refused to appoint Bert, but offered to recali Morris, and give the mission to Madison, or eome other democrat. Fi- nally, Morris was recalled, and James Moaroe (afterwards President) appointed rinister to the Fren At the Presidential election of 1796, Burr receiv- ed thirty votes for Vice President, while the fede- ral candidate, Thomas Pinckacy, of South Caro, lina, received only fifty-mmne. Mr. Adams was elected President by seventy-three votes, and Mr, Jefferson Vice President by sixty-eight. The large vote given (o Burr ehowed that he was ad- veneing rapidly with the democracy of the Union; wad in 1300, it is well known, he received an equal number of electora| votes with Mr. Jeffesson. Had he then aimed for the Presidency, there is no dowbt | he helonged to the medium party, and had | Present constitution of the Uaion. | lature in 1812, and a few him, again @ unanimous vote of both heuses. his last term of service in the Senate having ex- pired—mekin, years each—Mr time Minister to of the Confederation, where he was likewise pro- minent; and in 1787 he was eppointed one of the delegates from Massachusetts to the nationad convention et Philadelphia, which framed the appears am th 1 Wi Kee “ ara among those of ‘ashingto: anklin, Hamilton, the Morrises, care “s the Pinckneys, Ellsworth, and the other pa. triotic signers of that » gna charta of our liberties. After aiding, by his efforts in the State Conver tion of Maseachusetta, of which he was a member to eflect the adoption of the eonstitution by that State, he removed tothe city of New York, where, im 1786 he had married. He immediately attracted the attention of the friends of the constitution, and notwithstanding the prejudicee et that time pre’ ing in this State against New Eogtand men, he was elected to the Senate of the United Svates, as we have stated, ia preference to Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Indepeadence, and James Duane, for a long time Mayor of New York, and during the whole revolutionary war, viz , from ourse, A774 to 1754, a delegate from this State to the Con- finental Congr After serving nearly seven yeara in the Senate of the United Sates, in 1796 Mr. King embarked on his mission to England. Atthatcourt he remained about veven years, retareing to the United States in 15), when he visited the State of Massachusetts, and was received with great favor by his old friends in that quarter. For several rca after hie return home, he retired to private ife, reviding most of the ime at Jamaica, Long: Island. After the decleration of war in 1812, he took sides with the government, and was acuve in sus aining measures in support of the war, although he had been opposed to the declaration of hostilities by the United States against Eaglaad. The federal party, hav ings mujo.ity in the Lege jemocrats votiog also was elected U. 5 Senator, and in 1820—the latter time by tet (n May, 1825, Mr. Kip, -electe twelve yearg or two terms, of six King was appointed a second nd, by Mr Joho Q. Adams bat he retuaned the following year in infirm health, and retired to his residence at Jamatca, Lor thet Istand, where he died, April 29, 1827, 72 years. We should have mentioned, in 1521 he was elected a delepate from Queen's county to the convenion to revise the constitution of the State of New York Oa that occasion bis course wes geverally satisfactory to the democratic as Well a9 the conservative por- tion of the convention. He svppered those re- forms which he deemed wis aad salutary and adapted to the progress of society, while he opposed those which be believed were pernicious and um- called for, and finally signed the consdtution which was adopted by the convention Mr. ling was a bold and sable debater, a skilful end wire stetsman and divlomatist, aud a true American patriot. In his latter duys, the democra- tic party of ths State were fivorably dieposed to- wards bin; Mr Von Buren particularly courted bis eupport, and the federalists tad showa their confidence in him, not only ia bestowing high offices upon him, but when they were in a minority, im neminating him for Goveraer of thie State, also tor President and Vice President of the United Siates, at varioue elections The cons of Mr King were five in number, of whom four have been disunguwhed in pubue life, vit --John Alsop King, now « member of Congress from ong Island, and in former years State S-me- tor, Aesembly mn, and Secretary of Lega ion to Great Brita’ barles King, now tresideat of Columbia Colleg wis amember of Assembly from this ety im 2; Jomes Gore Kiag, now member of Congress from New Jersey; Edward King, a distinguished lawyer, and Sveaker ot the Houee of Representatives of Ohio, diea in 1887 ‘These four sons were el! born iu the culy of New York. The fifth son, the late De, Frederick Ki wes boro in London, and died a few years since. The term of Col. Burr expiring arch, 1797, the Legislature proc: eded to elec! UccessuT, O@ the 24:not Jonuary, 1797 Gen. Schuyler, who had been superseded by Burr six years before, ne we ated, Was now honored by an elect for rs being pre by general coa- sent, and in the Assembly the General received 86 votes, equal to the whole number of members present, except one vote, which was given to bi j friend, Jomes Keat. Tair election was very grati- he could bi a elected Presideat, metead of | fyingto Gen Schuyler, perrculerly ax he kaew Vice President. that many democrats had voted for him; and on re- ice was about expiring as ears to have been no Jurr, for he did not res When his term of serv or, ta 1791, there ¢ Col ein the Legislature which elected His eubsequeat career iv familiar to all read of history. Keturming to the practice of the law in New York, he devised various echemes to advance his fortunes, political as well as pecuniary. In 1793, he was clected one of the metnbere of Assembly from this city, with De Wit Clinton, Joha Swartwout, and other democrats. The principal exploit of Burr at the session of the Legislature of which he was a member, was ob* taining the charter of the Manhattaa Company, with concen'ed banking powers. The next year, 1799, Burr, M. L.. Davia, aad the rest of the demo- cratic Assembly ticket or this city, were defeated, in consequence of the clamor raised against the Manhation banking powers, whicn were found to be granted ia the charter of thatcompauy. Barr waa, however, placed on the Presideatal ucket with Jefferson; and the exccess of that ticket was miinly caused by the tact, skill ard exertions of the for- | mer. It being desirable that Burr should be elect- ed tothe Legislature, tosee the democratic electo- ral ticket safely through that body, which thea chose the electors of Pres deat, he did not like to tisk the chance of an election in this city; the je Peter Townsend, therefore, procured his nomi aation on the democratic ticket in Oraoge county, where he was triumphantly elected. Burr had, therefore, the pleasure, then denied to the people tinng from the State Senate, of which he was thea amember, he took leave of the legislative body ia an addresa libere!, conciliatory, and affecting ia its etyle, and it wes ordered to be inserted ia the journals But the infirmities of age prevented the Genera! from ogvin taking hie veat in the United States Senate, allhough he waa anxious to do ao. At the next seesion of the Legislature, therefore, be sentin his resignation, and retired to private s Chancellor life “ The life of this great man,” ~ Kent, “was drawing toa clore rom 1799 w his death, in the aucamn of 1804,! wasia hans of consteat und dwily intimacy with tim. His spurtts were cheerful, his conversation mow: emi aly ta. structive, mangers gentle and courieous, ne whole di portment tempered with grace and diguity. His faculties seemed to retain thy tr unimpared vigor and untiring ectvity le was sybered by age, chastened by affliction, beoken by disease; avd yet nothing could surpass the iaterest exeu’ by the mild radiance of the evening of ni urbing to the subject of Seaatorat e 35 We next nouce that of the successor of Rufus King, ned on the 234 May, her, 1796, Jona Law. rance, of New York, was chosen by the Legiste ture to fill the vueancy. The vote stood as tat- lowe:—In the Senate, thit-y-cight members heg preeent, no Lawrance Was nominated without opposition, and in the Avsemoly he received ain ty- eight votes; and oaly one vote, (which was tor Ze pheniah Pau.) was given egatest bum A pref notice of this gentleman will be found w'eresting. Jobo Lawranee wos bern rear Falmouth, im | Cornwall, England, in 1750; and emigrating co America at the eerly age of er veateen, he took ap bus revidence in the erty of New York Having teceived an education in the most celenrated schools io England, be entered ieto the pracuce of the law in bis adopred country, having stndied with Lirutenant Covernor Uolden, of New of the State at large, of votingia the Legwiature York. On the breeking out of the Revolu- or twelve men as electors who, of course, Vonery war, Mr Lawrence, like maay of for hi 1 and Jefi for the Pi bis countrymen then resident in the colonies, voted for himeelt and Jefferson ne Presi cook the painotic side, against Grewt, Britain, dency Had he merely winked 0 one of — of colonial rights H oo : them to throw i blank vote, or to vote | Guittery service, and wae appointed a colonel ia nig Bae asp | the army of the revelation. la 1790, we fiad tam for George C: ator, John Smith, or any other per- son, he wouly have beea chosen l’restid-at instead of vefletsen—se near did He Come to what hae atrally supposed to have been the goal of his ambition, But at the election of 1800, Col Burt's course toward J+ fl-rson and the democratic perty war certaraly lofty aod honorable Atver serving his four years ae Vive President, Colone! Purr engogrd in his celebrated wes: expr dition, for whicn he was tried aud @cq in 1604, he was sn unsucersstul candid « Governor eguost Morgan Lew fer w wed his untortupate duel with ( ‘al Ha hing could exceed the cootnees of Barri be fore after the fatal ecourrear A eof his Mr. Alfred P Edward s—calied at his ce in the upper part of the city, busines a few hoursafter the duel, and th him, then & youag man, as if pened, conversing on business as vsval: vor did the youog m any thing about the duel wots! his return to the siness part of the city, when it wes with diffiewty be could credit the report which had get the city ta commouon Ot Col. Burt's visit to Europe, little of interest is vate journal, eaited by his frend, the late Mathew ecting ne Judge Advocate Geaeral at the tral of Major Andre, by a court of inquiry composed ye of the must datingamhed generais of the At close of the war of the wraoce recumed the proctice of the law in the erty of New York, and im 1786 wee Choven by the slatare one of the det f thie Seete od eentn In 1768, ne which was thea understood to de who advocated tie adoption of tne constita- tion Of the United Stetea tramed by the Nae tonal convention of 1787—Mr Lawrance and orher federaliwm@ were enyperseded in the dele- ganon to Conerces, in couvequence of a amall entefedsra! mejority in the Legislature by whieh they were chosen Tn March, 1789, Mr. Lowrance hed the boner of betng elected the first represemta- tive from the district tmeloding this city, to the House of Representatives ia Congress, after the edep ion of the constitution. This city was, by the first law districting the State, united with thir teen towne of Westchester county, aa a congree tienatdurrict Che following remrns of the eee hon (new first published since 17% or eixty-two Seure einee,) yw the great popularity of Mr. Lew rence at the dme:— e e L. Davis Bh Join Sohn imended the L Broome. ad ew York olty........ 2200 aL ing setohester 0,13 towne 16 7 end _—— —_— = 1 the advanced oge of more than eight aaa ara a a - ae Majort y for Lawrance over Broome, 2,046; over General Washiraton having appointed Rufus | Broone ad Pell, 2013 The poyalaton of the King minister to Enginod, be resigned bis vent ta wae then shout 80.000, (oy the census of the Senate on the td of May, 1796 Mr King | 100 it war 33 1M) Jona Hroowe, above named, had been re-clected by the Legislature on the 271m | was raid ty have deem conaccted with the tories