The New York Herald Newspaper, January 29, 1851, Page 2

AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. @UR FORIIGN CORRESPONDENCE. ~oeeeeeeee THE FRENCH AND GERMAN QUESTIONS. AMERICA THROUGH AN ENGLISH TELESCOPE. Our Londen Correspondence. THE STATE OF EUROPE Lonpon, January 10, 1851. Resignation of the French Mimistry—Lowis Napo- leon versus Changarnur— The German Question— The Dresden Comferences— Meeting of the Prue nan Chambers—The Intervention im Schleswrg- Holsteon— The Revenue--- Miscellaneous—-Com- mercial, §¢., &e ‘The new year has not brought along withita settlement of the European difficulties. Whilst the plenipotentiaries of the thirty-seven States of Ger- many are bandying words at Dresden about Ger- man unity, the political bee-hive at Paris has been turned over, and the buzzing inmates threaten to sting to death the unwitting offender, General Changernier. In a word, Lows Napoleon, fully aware that Changernier is nothing more nor less than his keeper, has determined, comtellgue conte, to get rid of bim. At the moment I am writing there ie no ministry in France, and no one seems bold enough to “bell the cat.” The history of all this is briefly as follows —In the sitting of the Legis lative Assembly, of Friday, 3d inst., Napoleon Bonaparte, the President’s cousin, impugned the conduct of General Changarnier as arbitrary, and partaking more of the sentimeats of Radetky or ‘Windischgratz, than of a French general, in the orders he hed issued to the troops forbidding them to obey any one but their Commander-ia-Chief, and to pay apy attention whatever to orders emanating from representatives or meu.ders of the govern- ment. Changarnier rose and emphatically stated that he issued orders which the public safety re- quired in the time of combat. He offered to read hose orders to the Assembly, end denied the impu- tations threwo upon him. He was warmly ap- plauded, and the President’s cousin, who, it is said, acied at the instigation of Louis Na- poleon, was compelled to withdraw his mo- tion, which implied «ensure on the General. ‘When he put his moticm the minority demanded am adjournment of twenty-four hours. This was rejected. Mr. Baroche immediately declared to his colleagues that the check they had received was euch that they must retire. Oa Saturday morning all the ministers waited upon the Presi- dent of the republic and tendered their resigna- tions. ‘J’ aviserai,” was the reply of the Presi, dent; and he is still continuing to “ aviser” with- out yet having succeeded in forming a cabinet. Various lists were drawn up, in most of which Louis Napoleon’s *‘ maid of all work,” M. de Perriguy, figured as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Odilon Barrot and Leon Fancher were succesaive- | trouble the security of Italy, and especially of the them on their prity and di, and ordered all the nen-com: ‘ re and privates, @ ratification of three daya pay from his privy purse, r disturbing their slurabers . In Iealy there is mot much surring. Some quar rels, where daggers were drawn, aad blood spilt, hed taken place between the Roman and French soldiers. An announcement in the Comstitu‘connel of Paris, has created some surprise. It is as fol- lows :-— Weare informed that the French govern’ in order to prevent any attempt which might be made to Roman States, has given orders to several steamers to watch the coasts of the Italian peninsula. No one desires to disturb the security of ltaly; but the fact is, the French troops at Rome are in an unpleasant position. Mazzini has been circu- lating proclamations at Naples, and some arrests have taken place. Padre Gavazzi, dressed as a monk, with a rude wooden cross on his breast, ad- dressed a large audience on Sunday last, in the concert room of the Princess’s Theatre here (Lon- don), against the abuses of the papal power. I be- lieve he agent of Mazzini. There is nothing new either tuga. The Hungarian General Bem, who embraced the Mahomedan faith, died the other day, at Aleppo. The accounts from Greece state that country to be overrun with bands of brigands, who murder and pillage in the open daylight with impunity. In England order reigns. “The Irish members— at least @ great number of them—have issued a cir- cular, announcing their intention to oppose any measures of the government against freedom of conscience. On the opening of Parliament, goverament in- tends bringing in a bill for the purpose of granung “from Spain or Por- pereactice, to exhibitors of new inventions. Iu the il] intreduced last session, it was pro) to place inventors and designers om the same ing. The required protection, however, was granted only to the proeretors of designs. The building presents the most lovely appearance; but there is stilla good deal to be done toit. -y should ony, the last pane of glass will not be in till the end of February. The quarterly returns of the revenue, though de- noting a decrease upon the corresponding quarter of the preceding year, is regarded as very satis- factory, theugh the organs of protection do not fail to make the most of it. Notwit ing the re- duction of the sugar and spirit duties, in July last, the repeal of the excise on bricks, modification of the tax oa stamps, thedecline in the ordinary re- venue of the quarter does not exceed £126,794. There ie a decline in the eee Ter trom the above mentioned causes, of £123,925, ‘In the ex- cise there is an increase of £90,959, arising chiefly from melt and spirits, but partly owing to th rears of hop duty lately eollected. In stamps there decreese of £50,139. There is an increase of '25,092 im the land and aesessed taxes, and a de- crease of £30,664 im the property tax; the latter at- tributed to accidental causes in the collecting. The post office and crown lands figure the same as in the corresponding quarter. Inthe ordinary revenue of the year the decrease is £126 089. A terious accident occurred on Saturday last, upon the London and Northwestern railway. The Liverpool express train ran into a train that was preceding it upon the same rails, The driver saw the stopping signals about 1,000 yards, and shut off the steam. At the same time, the engine was reversed, and the guard put on the breaks. The driver and stoer then jumped off. Some of the passengers in the express train were serious! injured, the two last vans of the goods train, whic contained cattle, were smashed to pieces, and six oxen killed An artistic seciety has been formed in London, Jysentfor. The Pressident made the dismissal of Changarnier & sine qua non condition of accept- ance of office. On Saturday evening Leon Fan- of some interest. At certain fixed periods, certain artists meet together, among whom are Stanfield, Uwins, Leslie, and other members of the Royal Academy. A theme is given, and each artist ren- ders it according to his own notions. Three hours cher dined at the Elysée, with Daverguer de Hau- raune and Montalembert. Singularly enough the funds rose, which strengthened the determination of the Precident to get rid of his obnoxious subal- tern. Forthisno men can blame him. Chan- garnier holds the most important command in France, refuses to obey any orders but those ef the Assembly, who hoid him up as a bug- bear to the President. The General has, more- over, on more than one occasion, openiy expressed opposiuon to Lous Napoleon, and his views ef @ggrendizement he represents to the Assembly is the struggle that must ensue between the Legusla- tive and the Executive power. Count Mole and hie club are oppoeed to the removal of Changarnier. z the advice of his friends, Louis Napoleon, on ednesday, sent for the Bargraves, y which cognomen the leaders of the moderate party are known in Peris. How they earned the name | am not able to say, unlese it is taken from Hugo's drama. MM. Thiers, de Broglie, Mote, Berryer, Odilon Berrot, Daru, and Montalembert, proceeded forthwith to the Elysee. The President was tiem “ Do what you like gentlemen,” he said; ** settle the army of Paris as you choose ; but General Chan- garnier must be removed. On that point I am determined.” Ata late hour, (near six o'clock) the Burgraves returned to the Assembly, and sta- ted the result of the interview. Groups sull re- mained in discussion after the termination of the sitting, end most of the representatives went to dinner, convinced that they were on the eve of a struggle between two great powers of the Siate. Louis Napoleon took it cooly enough, and spent the evening in the saloon of his charming cousin, the Princess Mathilde Demidoff, where he figured in two or three waltzes. He is a good dancer and an excellent horseman Some of the minis ters were also present. The latest news from Paris ms up to six o'clock on Thursday (yesterday eve- Bing,) unless you receive a telegraphic despatch. No ministry had them been formed. The Puatrie a semi-official organ, gives the following account of the meeting between the Burgraves and the President :-— ‘The President of the republic assembled to-day. at baif-past two, at the Blysce, MM. de Broglie, Dupin Mole, Berryer, @diion Barret, Thiere, D: Montalembert. In inviting this conteren fident of the republie bad for object to explanation with these influential membd National Assembly as to the true causes of the minis- terial crisis, and the unfounded reports which have been spread om this occasion We think we can assert thet, in this conversation. which lasted more than two hours, the President ot the republic, whilst protesting his desire to avoid any conflict his respect for the | wer of the National Assembly and his decided reso- | tion to remain faithful to thi declared th a add tional ¢ - clared to theve honorabie representatives that he was ready to secept, for the formation of a new cabinet the co operation of such of them as shared his opinion lobbies of the | M. Dapin, «If but as for ene. 1 mot ha of this language, which is at the same time fir conciliatory, and will support it with all the moral is the time given to complete the sketch. The great interest of these sketches consists in their representing se faithfully the peculiar artistic idio- cyncrasy of each other. The sketches are ex- hibited to the public. The Queea 1 granted pensions, on the civil list, of £100 per annum to poor Paul Pry, and to Mra. Belzoni, the widow of the celebrated traveller. I met Poole at Paris; his bend, when he took mine, trembied like an aspen leaf, hie head was bent, but his wit was as bright as ever, his conversation lively. On his table there wasa volume of his own works In the frontispiece there was a portrait of himself, in his Imy days—a handsome young man. It is satise | actory to find that he will now be enabled to pass the remainder of his days in comparative inde- Poole, the author ef pendence. Charles Dic! who ia ever foremost when assistance ie to be lered to a fellow crea- ture, got up a sum of mor for him, two years | tince, by private theatricals, of which he was the | chiefactor tis pleasant to have to record acts of kindness hike those, in an age where self predomi- | nates to such an extent. On the let January, Soyer, the great cussimter. | toek possession of Jore House, so recently the abode of wit and fashion—the residence of the late Countess of bye To use Soyer’s own voted to the display of the rt—and is to be styled the ‘* Sympo- Count d’Orsay aying with his sister, the Duchess de Grammont, at Paris. i ss Alexander Mackay has started on his mission to India, as Delegate of the Manchester Chaiber of Commerce, to reget on the facilities of rearing | cotton in India. On last Tuesday samples of Ini cotton were exhibited on Ménchester Exchange; | they attracted great attention; small lots were so! ai 6jd per pound. Some of the samplesare reported exceedingly good aad clear; others as inferior. The cotton, w toh consists of two shipments, amount- _ ing to 1,720) bales, of which @ portion is from the | Dbarwer distric’, from New Orleans seed, and 136 from native seed, is to be sold in small lots, in order to epread among manufacturers a nowledge of the | capebilities of the cotton produced even now in | India. Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Jaa. 9, 1551. The Trowble in the Cabwnet—History of the Affair —General Changarnier—New Consprracy—De- preciation of Gold— Portugal, Spain, & , ¥e. It has been known for a long time that Gen, Chan- garnier is considered as an obstacle to all princi- | | ples of prorogation and dotation, by all the Séides of the Elysée. On Several occasions, the would-be- friends of Lowis Napoleon have tried in every way | to entice him to urn out the commander-in-chief of the army; but, till now, no good chance, no plau- sible cauee has been found out to furnish the ene- mies of the General with an oceasion to accomplish theirdesires. In this statu quo we remained uatil last Saturday, when a certaia ordre du jour, pub- liehed by the journal La Patria gave prise to the Elyseean press and to the ministry to act as they desired. The pretext was found, but the real cause of it was left behind the curtain: the whole minis power of its adhesion to this line of conduct | It ws said that the members of the late cabinet will resume office, with the exception of General De la Hite, Acmiral Romaia Desfoseés, and M. Binean. The portfolio of foreign affaira will, it is | said, be conferred upon M. Drouyn de L’Hays, and | that of marine on Admiral Lebiane. This is onl conjecture. If Changarnier is dismissed, what will the Assembly do! Changarnier is at the head of 100,000 men, who obey his orders. It would be idle | to utter a conjecture. The Mountain looks on quietly and watches its opportunity, accerding aa affairs may ture. So matters rest for the present; | next mai! will, in ali probability, bring you impor- tant intelligence | must now turn to that Gordian knot, the Ger- man question. The Dresden conferences are held ‘with closed doors, and nothieg has transpired as to what is likely to be adopted. As yet, Austria and Prussia pull together. The official report of the firet sitting has been published. It simply gives the imaugurative speeches of Priace Schwarzenberg and Baron Manteufiel, already communicated to ou. The private despatch addressed by Prince Behwarnenberg to Austrian agents, and which by some indiscretion found ite way into the Jowrnal des Débats, and in which the Austrian minister ex- nite at the success of Austria in the negotiations at Olmurz, has caused some mortification and ill-feel- ing at Berlin. It has not, however, altered the en | tente between the two powers. The Prussian Chambers which, as your readers | will remember, were prorogued by royal mindate, on the 4h December, to the 3d of January, in con- sequence of the debate on the address by | violent turn, when M. de Vincke concluded hi speech by exclaiming, “* Away with this ministry,” Te-ascembled on the appointed day for business. We learn, however, by telegraph, that the govern | ment hasatiained a majority in favor of the simple order of the day, in both houses. Consequeatly, the debate on the address has been dropped Prince Schwarzenberg has returned to Vienna. ‘The corps of intervention in the Duchies is ad- wanting The advanced guard entered Cassel on The Austrian and Prussian Commissaries for Holstein, have arrived at Kill They have al- lowed three days to the Stadtholderste, for ite an- gwer to the conditions imposed upon it, namely -— Reduction of the army to ‘one third, withdrawal across the Eider, and submission to the authority of the King- Duke. It is quite clear that the Stadt- holderate must give in to such superior numbere Radetzky has had a fall from his horse, but is reported none the worse for it. Baron Buol Schavenatein wili, it is said, be appointed Ambas- gador for Austria in England. On the 3d inet., be- fore daybreak, the young Emperor of Austria ordered the “general” to be sounded in all the barracks Vienna. The troops hastened to ari ‘The Emperor passed them ia review, complimented , try sent in their resignati ns to the President. No one coyld understand what was the cause of | all this hub-bab; but, after some time, the truth was discovered, though hidden under many cloaks. It appeared as brilliant as when she went out of the well: m aaturalibwe. Let me explain. Fora long time, the demand of a new dotation of 3,000,000 of france was ready to be presented to the National Assembly, and Mr. Haroche, actually Minster of the Interior, was considered as the “ rat who had | been selected to tie the bell to the cat's neck.” When the moment of actioa arrived, he saw, with much reason, that he was not popular enough to have the demand carried, and voted by the majority, for the majority were opposed to his politics. The demand of a dotation, if | leave aside its inopportunity, was quite in Opposition to the promises of the message. If the constituent Assembd! hey voted a presidency for a long period, and attributed to it the preroga tives of a monarch, a dotation worthy of that posi- tion would have been instantly voted; but the de- mand of a detation which was not understood in the constitution, was a sort of disrespect to the Assem- bly—therefore, the two powers were in opposition, and the ministers, whe are generally considered as the Intermediates between the President and the Assembly, had no chance left to keep their dignity Being in this situation, they were obliged to resign their position It would be too long, indeed, to give you the en- tire report of all the marches and countermarchee which have taken place during the last six days, to re-constitute a ministry Perhaps itis sufficient to say that more than twenty combinations have been proposed and finally rejected If any faith is to be given to the last news, pub- lished this morning in the papers, the new ministry would be composed of M. Leon Faucher as Minis- ter of the Interior (some persons say M. Carlier), and M. Baroche will change his portefewilie for that of the department of justice. Yesterday afternoon, Messrs. Dupin, Mole, Ber- ryer, de Broglie, Odillon Barrot, Thiers, Daru, and Montalembert, were summoned by I. Napoleon to come to the Elysee, and there th sidenttold them that hie “‘anshaken resolution’ was to dis- mise General © jer. The eight members ot the majority did ail in their power to diesuade him from acting thus at this time; but Louis Napoleon refused to listen to any The conviction of M. Dopin was, that the majority would not ae- cepta ministry which would make its début by promoting such a decree Thue stande the question. | am told t ber of the National Aesernbly, that e of Generel Chengarnier will eppear in to- ‘Monitewr, and that his disgrace will be palliated, if possible, by hie nomination as Marshal of France, General Baraguay d’Hilliers, who was one of the heroes of the siege of Kome, will be named in his place. It is whispered, also, in some ci that b; @ private unders M. Dy the sora Speaker of the House, abandon his position in favor of General C! diately named by the apres. It is also said that Louis Napoleon’s intention is to have no more commander-in-chief of the army in Paris, and that the Minister of War would be, himself, the caly vereca, who would have power to give orders to tl Bors It cannot be denied that the actual position of our politics is very interesting, aud, according to my spraion, irs resideat, coangh well ipensnned ie way of acting, is workin; ainet himself. No doubt that the ** Mountaineers ” are satisfied to see him dismissing General Changarnier, who 1s for them the best defen ter of order, and that when r, who will be im me- he will be gone, they will to have another ansece to take in hand the reins of the political chariot. jt has been rumored, for the last three days, that a large conaprncy is plotted by French aad Italians, who are exiled from their country. The intention of the refugees, of London, was io land at Calais, and to revolutionize the departments of the north of France. The refugees of Switzerland were to enter France by the southern provinces at Lyon, Marseilles, and Bordeaux. A warehouse of gun- powder, ammunition, and muskets, was organized in the ‘neighborhood. of Geneva and Fridurgh This plot has been unveiled by the police of Switzerland, and it was just in time, for its explo- sion was to take place on the first of Jan., 1851. The depreciation of gold has been, for the last month, the cause of much gossip in commercial circles. All the leading newspapers of Paris have published their appreciations of the question; but it is certain that the cancelling of that sort of coin- age will not be accepted by the government. Silver will only be considered legally as the monetary medium of affairs, and gold will only be accepted as small change. The goldcoin would only be ac- cepted in trade at the sole value attributed te it by the Bask eel ep : nike ortugal, according to the last news, the Chambers were to ssocmbl on the 24th ult and the intention of the members of the ition, at the head of whom is Mr. Jose Cabral, brother of the Count of Thomar, manifested the intention to do all in their Frag to upset the ministry. From another side, I understand that Count of Thomar’s intention was to prorogate the Chamber, if they were hostile to the government. In Spain, the Duke of Valencia has played another comedy with his colleagues, and I underatand that he went to offer his resignation to Queen Isabella, under the pretext that had remarked that he ‘was not on good terms with the Queen Mother. A ministerial crisis ineeosponee of in Piedmont, wher the government would join the deputies of the extreme left. The quarrel between Rome and Piedmont is said to be on the eve of a settlement. At Genoa, on the 2d inst., a sort of riot took lace between the troops and the people, occasioned yy @ quarrel of some beys with a few soldiers, who were drinking in a wine shop. Several men have been shot on both sides. At Venice, on the 23d ult., the Count and Count- ess of Chambord had arrived and taken their resi- dence in their palace, on the grand canal. The Dutchess of Marner, the Dutchess of Berry, and the Prince and Princess Don Juan, of Spain, were also under the same roof. The Count of Monte- malin aod his wife, sister to the Kiag of Naples, were expected at the end of December. It appears that Count of Chambord is very popular among the citizens of the Adriatic city. The affairs in Germany are elways of a very confuse character. At sden the conferences have begun, and though nothing like a solution has yet issued out of that political imbroglio, it is not difficult to perceive at what pont de vue will be treated the affairs by the commissioners of Austria and Prussia. Much will be said relative to the interest taken in the need of the people, of the or- der, and of the freedom. Many promises will be made to the small States, who will expect a part of influence in the federative power ; but the end of the conferences will necessarily be the expcsé of the situation, and Messrs. de Sehartzenberg and teuffel will give for a password : Wartoall re- volutions. As for the de of the affairs, the orga- nization which will prevail will be the establish ment of an executive power, Austro-Prusaian, r siding at Frankfort-on-the-main, and also that of a@ federal council of the German governments, which would be founded in a city of Elb. It has been resolved, also, that the Austrian ar- my will be allowed to pass through Prussia, to go in the Dutchies, and it _ remarkable to see that since 1631, when the Field Marshal Tilley took possession of the fortress of Magdbourg, no Aus- trian troops had appeared in these quarters. This consent of Prussia has created an immense sensa- tion in the northern part of Germany. An interview between the king of Prussia, and the ernperor of Austria is said to be certain, and it would take placeat Dresden: an exchange of eorrespondence has already taken place on this au ct. The Chambers opened at Berlin, on the 3d inst., end though it had been anticipated that they would again be prorogated, they are proceeding in @ quiet way. in the Dutchies every thing leads to,believe that that the affairs will be set before long. The members of the Lieutenantces of Schleswig-Hol- stein hed arrived at Frankfort from Kiel, and the Prussian commissioner had joined a R Our Paris Correspondence. THE GOSSIP OF PARIS. Panis, January 9, 1851. The Weather in Parts and wm the Provinces—New Year's Business— Exhibition by the Living Pain- ters-- Lowis Napoleon--Balls-- Receptions-- Watch- men in Parts—Madame Lafarge—An English and French Newspaper—Opera—Rachel--New Plays— Masquerades, §c., &c. The buds of the foliage are blooming in the gar- dens of Paris; the tlowers have opened their fra- | grant petals; and the sun, for the last ten days, has been casting his raye down upon the city. Never, in the “memory of the oldest inhabitant,” has sueh weather been remarked in our belle France at this time of the year. This bizarreric of nature is | the subject of much talk in the circle of our savants, but no light of any consequence has been given, as yet, on the case, except that of the sun. While the days are so beautiful, the nights are no less agreeable. The moon has silvered, with her chaste rays, gny Paris, and if our Common Council were as economical in expenses as that of New York, no doubt the gas would be suppressed all through the city. On Monday evening last, a few moments before sunset, we had the marvellous mght of an Aurora Borealis, which lasted for about fifteen minutes. The sun effered a bright appearance, and its rays, passing over an immense cloud, gave tothe eye the most admirable coup d’ail. The capite!, thus illuminated in al! its extent, seemed to have the aspect of the celestial Jerusalem, with its buildings made of gold and diamonds; and an American gentleman, just returned from Constarti- nople, who was promenading with me, said that the great metropolis of the Sublime Porte never offered, at sunrise, a more poetical sight than that of Paris. While we enjoy such fine weather in the north o France, | must tell you, that in the departments of Lozere, Tura and Basses Alpee the snow has fallen in such quantities, as to render impossible the passage of the mail post chaises on the highways. Several regiments of the army who were changing their quarters, were obliged to seek for a retuge in the villages, on their route, and a sort of famine Was felt in thene plaote three days after their sage, for the soldiers had devoured all the meatin thoee districts. The beautiful weather was ver, ing, and after New Year's day. The sight of the boulevards and streets of Paris, was exceedingly brilliant. The shops were adorned with the pret- tiest inventions of French taste and refinement, and the side walke were encumbered with a crowd of portative stalls, filled with innumerable articles, the cheapness of which was beyond pre- jour favorable dur- cedent. From five cents up to thirty cents, one w ble to buy something; and I may say with reason that the market was and buoyant and lightened by all the purses of Paris. told ¢! bout #ix millions of specie have been in circulat n the city of Paris alone, and the mer- chants of all kinds of articles have been much satisfied with their business In the meantime, the exhibition of paintings of I have been the living painters of France, opened in the Palais National, ind on thou- sande, and I may say that it con! some of the finest pietures | have seen for a time. Mesers. Lehman, Ziegler, Landelle, ourt, Decampe, oe dian, Delacroix, Duval, Biart, and many other inguished artists, have their works exhibited . well supported by e already visite and on Thuraday he receipe am d to 2,300 Among the distinguished visitzer, oa Sandaylast, or ayer aiden and by tard: Sewetkerta, the se administrator of the Museums 1@, Pro menaded along the saloons, andjex; on many f painting so poy hear” ae o es in France. re returning to the Elysee, the President lefgja sum of 4 francs to be distributed among the masons and builders of the provisional and eatin pe lace, which has been erected in the Palais Na- tional, for the purpose of the exhibition. A propos of Louis Napoleon. I met him on Sua- day last on the boulevards. He was on horseback, only accompanied by Mr. Leipale, his officer of ordnance, and two servants, The President was dressed as a citizen, without uniform; and when he passed on the Boulevard de la Madeline, he was greed with loud shouts of Vive le President! ut when he arrived at the Porte St. Denis, he was received by the ouvriers with a general accla- mation of Vive (a Republique !--and this ex- citement continued, till he reached the Place de la Bastille. It is said, that being fatigued by the po- lineal visits he had received during the morning, Louis Napoleon had said :—-** Well, we shall at- tend to-morrow to these important affairs. Let us to-day observe the Sabbath !” and he ordered the horses for the promenade. Despite the present crisis of the government, a large ball_was given, on Thursday last, at the Elys¢e. The President danced with the Princess of Hohenloe, and in the same quadrille 1 saw Mme. Dimidoff, the Countess of Pralormo, the Countess of Maltke, and Mlle. Rives, daughter of the United States Charge de Affaires. Louis Na- poleon wore his uniform of General of Militia, and on his breast he had the order of tae ‘ Golden Fleece,” and the great cordon of the Legion of Honor. Mr. Juies de Lesseps, Consul General of France, at Tunis, Frencaied to the President the General-in-Chief o} all the treops of the Tunistian Bey, whose rich and original costume was much admired. There was also a Knight of Malton, in full regalia, who was, ? may say, the “lion” of the soivée. Those who were present at the grand tancy ball et Saratoga, in 1547, wall very likely re- member having seen there a gentleman well knowa in New York. It was the same gentleman who wore the genuine costume; and the sight of this knight of the Elysee transported me back to the pleasant hours I had in the watering places of the Inited States, where all the belles of the land used to congregate. Lord Normanby, the Duke of Soto Mayor, and Prince Kallimatt attended the soirée. By the by, the ministerial crisis in which we are, will prevent the President from receiving this evening, as usual. This sowrée has been post- poned fer a fortnight--to the 16th inst. All the ministers who used to receive their friends on a certain evening, have also announced, by the way of advertisements ia the newspapers, that they are obliged to postpone their receptions. If this state of things continues, J fear the season of baile will be dull, and this will throw a sadness upon the whole of the fashionable people, whose only occu- ee and pastime is to enjoy the dissipation of ay life. " The numerous crimes and night attacks which have occurred in the streets of Paris, for the last year, have induced our police to organize a body of watchmen, who will be called Gardes de nwit. They will be 600 in number, and chosen out of the old soldiers of the army who have finished their duties. Every one of these mea will be furnished with a dark lantern, to which will be added a clock, by which the persons who are returning to their houses, at a late hour, wi'l be enabled to know the time. Mme. Lafarge, who, it will be remembered, peisoned her husband about ten years age, and was sentenced to fifteen or twenty years poe cd is now lying very sick in the prison of Montpeliiers. In consideration of her dreadful position, the Mi- nister of Justice has allowed the jailer to let her be taken to a Matson de Santé, at Limoges, where, though under the guard of a policeman, she will be attended to in better style than in a prison. The two splendid pictures of Mr. Perignon, repre- senting the Count end Countess of Chambord, which were seized, one year ago, by the police in the studio of the painter, were packed up, the other day, for Venice, where they will be received by the aa of the Bourbon family, who is now living in that city. A new t, which has taken an exceilent title, and is called Europe and America, printed half in French and half in the :nglish languages,has _ been issued at Chartres, in the Department of Eure et Loir, under the direction of Mr. Victor Lefranc. The journal La Presse publishes the reface of that weekly paper, which contains the best principles of democracy and love of liberty. ke ind opera of ** Guillaume Tell,” by Ros- sini, which has been admitted as the grand opera for the last eight years, since the retreat of Daprez, hae been revived, with a new tenor named Mairalt, and has created much sensation. The debutant possesses a splendid voice, and he is considered san excellent acquisition for the Academy Na- de Musique. The “ Enfant Prodigue, Scribe and Auber, continues to be the chief attrac- tion of that theatre, and to morrow evening a new ballet, entitled ** Roqueretie.” will he danced by Cerito and St. Leon. The Italian Opera has gained another triumph, prec no saeetyen Greet, veka for his en- te 5 izetti’s * juale, by Mme. Sontag, Lablache, Colinis and Paleclary, created a furore. This evening, Duprez is about ———- to Soren | hie daughter, Ngo ine, @ charming youn of prepossessing beaut, and much talent. hey both appear in cS reer u rmoor.” Jt will be a great treat. the Comic Opera House, the new opera of Queen of Spades,” libretto by Scribe, and At “The music by Halevy, was_performed a week ago, and it pro’ successful. The poem, in neell, te'very inte: the music v wy peng and the ery splendid. Mme. Ugalde, who sings the part of Princess Zizianow, has met with great suc- cess. The French theatre is about losing Mdlile. Rachel. Though nothing official hae yet been an- nounced to the mai t, Mr. Arsene Houssaye, it is said that the sragedtan, excellence, has signed a treaty with Mr. Mitchell, the ex-director of the Theatre St. James, in », where she will go on the first of May next, and thence, after having played during the fashionable season, with her ee will proceed to the United States. Malle. Rachel is to receive from Mr. Mitchell eight hun- dred thousand francs a year. A comedy in rhyme, and in one act, entitled, “Le Joueur de Fate (the flute player,) by Mr. Angier, was produced at the Theatre 1 rang ase, and met with the ope of the public. At the Coeee. a a in pont ee Desnoyer ene Nus, was med om Satur- day et, and paved poor doe ‘he Vaudeville Theatre re-opened its doors fora few days, for the benefit of the employées of the company ; but the Minister refused to have it 7 more than five nights. ‘aul . ae cell It is _ gpl ran, actualj manager, who was im, for debt, will be set free, and allowed to resume his enterprise. At the Theatre des Varietés, a vaudeville in one act, called “ Une Clarinette qui Passe,” has been represented, and gave occasion to Mr. Lecture, an excellent comic ae = to M'lle,Blouval, a v tty youn, to display muc! it. he Porte se Marin announce fr Saturday nex expected drama b; "me George Send pes Clandole.”* A review, called “The Laughable Journal,” was played with great suc- cess. It is the work of Mr. Ulaivorile. Theatre, which opened its doors, been reno The G: after ha by the painters, the up- now the prettiest theatre Three plays, “* Les Mémories du Gym- »” righ. J a Roi ey) and “ oe tier,” were med on the opening it, an the public bestowed upon the actors and Ihe authors their most deafening applause. L will finish this gossiping liet of pleasure, by announcing to all the Americans who are coming to Parie, to make haste to share the aiety of the masquerade balls of the Grand Opera. Two of these fashionable frolica have ali y taken place, and they were frequented by an immense number of people. The most curious costumes, the prettiest women, the liveliest jokers of Paris, have taken the floor by storm; and the famed Musard leads the orchestra of two hundred musicians. The son of the musical manager of the eo Balls asiste his father, and his fame will, no doubt, be soon equal to that of his papa. Hurrah! Vive la 4% fala Comatitution H.R, ‘The American Sceretary of the Treasury's to Congress. [Prom the Manchester Times, Jae.1) The report of the Secretary of the American Treasury, just laid before Congress, is a strange document. It is the most extravagant piece of special pleading in support of the exploded falla- cies of the protective system, that has made its ap- pearence on this side of the Atlantic for many years. Such a tiseue of incoherent assumptions, unintelligible inferences and paradoxes, it would be difficult to pul together from the most careful di- even of all the elaborate distortions of fact and reasoning with which the ingenuity of Mr. Disraeli hae encumbered the pages or our own Hansard. itis in truth a naked reproduction of that ingenious gentieman’s theories for enabling all finance mi- nislers to raise an ample revenue, not only without any inconvenience to native taxpayers, but with ® poritive and permanent addition to industrial wealth of every kind, | Mr. Seeretary Corwin seema to labor under | the belief that the people of the United States have hitherto been strangers to the profound maxims of financial and commercial ifglicy: which he so elaborately propounds. is ree port proceeds upon the assumption that his principles are novelties in American finance, and ignores altogether the practical test to which they have been put in this and other coun- tries, The direct avowal of the doctrines of pro- tection ie shirked with ae much ingenuity as their advocates here find necessary to cover their self- ontred ctionsand jaconsistencies; and under the pretence of providing for the exigencies of the wee Tevenue, ap attempt is made to establish the ory that high duties on foreiga imports will both rk and encourage commerce. We belief. that rican state . are at to put Mr. Secretary Corwin’s sugges- the shape of a new j, nor are We ap- hensive that hie doctrines are making much pro reese inthe States; but 1¢ is certainly somewhat irritating to find all the exploded fallacies of obso- Jete European financial jugglery made the stock topics of a formal report addressed by an American financial minister to both houses of Congress. If it were possible to understand exactiy what Mr. Secretary Corwinjaims at in the notions so mis- uly put forth in this mysterious paper, we should infer that he holds.** the established laws of trade” to be the result simply of goveramentfregulations, andthat the amount of a nation’s imports and ex- pene 18 to be determined, not by what it chooses to uy or sell, but by some “ practical rate of duties” that shall confine all importationa ‘*to an amount about equal to such exports as can find a market at remunerative prices abroad.” Now, what does this mean’ If @ trade ceases to be profitable, will it be continued with or without Mr. Corwin’s “ practical rate of duties ?” and it the object of this “* practical rate of duties” be to limit importations, what other possible effect can it have than to injure the reve- nue, as well astodiminish trade? All duties for re- venue are necessarily impediments to commerce; and if, as Mr. Corwin asserts, it ia the universal im- pression of the American people ‘* that in assessing duties on foremg merchandise such discriminatioa should be made as will have the effect of producing all articles which can be manufactured at home, ia such quantity, if possible, as to raise up two mar- kets for the’ consumer—the home and the foreiga— each competing with the other, so that he may not be left to the mercy of one, and that the foreign one alone,” why, then, the American people are not quite so ‘* cute” as we take them to be. The idea of benefitting the American consumer by thus cre- ating “two inarkets, each competing with the oth- er,” is an ingenious one, and gertainly 1s as credita- ble to Mr. Corwin’s jacity as the practical re- sult would be to the good sense of the Americans, whom he affectsto believe would prefer two dear shops to a single cheap one. Here itis that Mr. Corwin begins to reveal what he mesns by a prac- tical rate of duties” that shall regulate both im- ports and exports. While pleading for ‘‘a compe- tent revenue” from high duties on imported ma- nufactures ofevery descripuon, he loses sight of the self-contradiction with which every paragraph of his report abounds. His principles would go the length of destroying ali foreign trade whatsoever. He would neither import manufactured pores nor export raw materials. lle dwells upon the magni- tude and value of the raw cotton exported from the States, as if it were a calamity, and pronounces it tobe * a mi pakee poly for any nation to send its raw materials to distant countries to be manu- factured into fabrics for its own use.” What nations can produce most abundantly and cheaply, is not the natural and feotiahie chonael for their industry or enterprise, but what they can produce with the scantiest results and the costliest labour. He talks about securing to the American people some portion of the profits which other countries derive from workiog up their raw materials—as if America had not become wealthy and great by the very process which he denounces. ‘ The ware- houses of the United States,” he says, ‘ wil! not be filled with the products and manufactures of other nations, so long as we are conteat to export our cotton and other raw materials in their crude state, and es the most common articles ot clothing.”* hy, America has filled her ware- “the products and manufactures of ” by exchanging the natural produc- tions of her soil for the more costly and highly wrought results of their industry. Whatever America exports, she does so only for the importing something more valuable. She a loser, but a gainer, by tue exchange. Carry out the protective or prohibitory policy of Mr. Cor- win, and its fruits would be a diminution, not an increase, of commodities. A mere crude and illogieal document than this report of the Secretary of the American Treasury never yet emanated from the rig of any statesman, either in the old or new world. Not one-half of it is intelligible, and the other half i itrange mixture of transpa- rent fallacies or dishonest pretences, that will do little for the credit of a government which counts upon making political capital by the insincere ad- voeacy of a policy which is known to be as im- practicable as itis preposterous. The Army of the United States. (From the Londen Times, Jan. + Am the reports periodically made by the several departments of the United States govera- ment, that of the Secretary of War, though not the most important, is far from the least interest- ing. course, the policy avowed by the Secretary ofthe ‘reasury concern us far more nearly than the armaments of a State on the other side of the Atlantic with which every European power is at peace. But the position of America i: so singular, and its military institutions are so of- ten sppeated by way of cont or example, that the report im question acquires an interest bé- yond that intrinsically attaching to its contents; and some of the disclosures recently made are curious enough to deserve at least a passing notice. It is certainly true that the United States, with @n enormous territory, almost inte! ble frontier, and a multitudinous ation, maintain @ regular army of lees than 18,000 men, 12,326 being the actual str of the land forces, as returned on the 30th of November. This is, doubtless, an edifying contrast to the estimates compounded by Mr. Fox Maule; but there are several conside- rations materially affecting the general conclusion. Though the regular army of the States is small, yet the irregular force is so as to embrace under some denomination or other more than half the adult male population. Voiunteers—militia, light horse, and even artillery—are enrolled and brigaded through all the provinces of the Union. These troops, it may be , cost the State nothing; which is true as regards the estimates, but incor- Yect as regards the general effect of the institution. pp Fo the States, especially those bordering on the Mexican frontier, now swarm with a disor- derly crowd of desperadoes, who, having once tasted the license of actual on i» are un- fitted for the ordinary duties of civil life; and we need only ce threatened insurrection in Texas, and the ou 8 invasion of Cuba, to show what these ban capable of devising. ‘We must observe, too, that the expenditure of the American government upon operations of war has recently, in proportion to its revenue, been some- thing enormous, and that the estimates now before us Confese to an aggregate excess of such an amount a8 would draw down a storm of indignant expostulation in our own House of Commons. hatever may be the nomial extent of the land forces maintained by the Americans, it is beyond question that they have undertaken wars with lese provocation and at greater cost than any kingdom in the Old World; and we may add, too, for the edification ef Sir Francis Head and his opponents, thi oe are contemplat cation of their Atlantic seal . . But. the most curious feature of the report con- sists in the habilities which the government now finds itself to have incurred by its recent exten- sions of territory. We have more than once re- marked upon the necessities to which the vast space of the American continent has given rise; and now, by the acquisition of Oregon and Cali- fornia, the cabinet of Washington is charged with the administration and protection of States which are almost as far removed from the seat of Con- gtess as Liverpool from New York. Five short years ago, the frontier posts of America were situated on the Mexican gulf, the head of the Mississippi, and the shores of Lake Superior, so that they were not only within comparatively easy distances, but were generally accessible by water. Now, however, they are in the remotest districts of Texas, or on the coast of the Pacific, or in the desolate and half explored wildnerness traversed by the overland route to California. The conse- qnence is, that they are a maintained by ex- traordinary efforts, and are frequently left as iso- lated and destitute as a ship’s company frozen up in Buffin’s bay. Last August, a regiment of in- fantry was proceeding to Santa Fe—a post which, may be termed tolerably accessible —yet the marc! , and the troops returned to quarters, to await the spring season for the renewal of what wae literally an arduous expedition. In fact, these garrisons are only supplied and recruited by caravans toiling painfully over desert tracts of enormous extent; and it is estimated as an average result of these singular conditions of service, that the actual effective strength of the regiments on duty is always short of that nominally borne, by some 35 or per cent. To convey a still more forcible impression of the facts, we may mention that every barrel of pork transmitted for the use of the nearest Texan post costs about £2 in — while for the stations on the Upper Grande the charge is actually $45, or upwards of £9103. So eat, indeed, hrs been the increase of cost thus thrown upon the (Quartermaster-General’s depart- ment, that whereas in 1844 the total expense of transports for the army was only $120,000, the cor- responding charge for the curren financial year amounts to ¢1,! 000—showing an augmentauion of 1,500 per cent, and equalling, in fig charge for the whole artillery ef the British army. It may be asked, perhaps, wi an be the nature of the duties requiring the maintenance of garri- sons on these remote and almost nominal frontiers of a semi-populated State not threatened by any conterminous power! The answer to this question involves another fact almost as curious as those to which we have been alluding. The enemies ere systematic fortifi- the Indians, the suppression of whose forays was one of the duties expressly undert the American government in its recent stipulations with Mexico. In the United States proper, if we may use the term, the Indians have been eflectu- ally dealt with; but their influence on the neral economy of a State may be inferred from the fact that the relics of the tribe still sub- sisting in Florida, though numbering less than one hundred warriors, are strong enough to beep the province io such meessant disquiet ax matenally to retard its progre In the older States, as we have said, provision against such contingencies has t duly made, but in the newly acquired territories the respective forces of the combatants are considerable lees unequal. The Indians ure much stronger, and the whites much weaker. Subsisting in Comfort where regular troops would starve, combintog in a remarkable degree the cunning and bravery of the red man with the acience and expertness of the European, these naw tive tribes have hitherto hved and thrivea on the plunder of theirim»ecile neighbors. They are too sagacious to assemble in large bodies, or to encoun- ter the American troops in serious action ; but viding themselves into numerous small parties, with a common rendezvous, they readily succeed in penetrating between the scattered posts of the Americans, and then, like the Pindarees ia, sweep everything before them. The Gene in- Chief recommends the immediate organization of two regiments of light dr«goons in aid of the fron- tier force; but though the Iodians must inevitably Tetire before the prouressive advance of settiers and colonists, it may be reasonbly doubted whether the projected measures will be found effectual against their advantages of position, _ ! ‘There is nothing, we acknowledge, in these inci- dents to cause any serious e;nnarrassment to the American government; bat i impossible to pe- ruse the report before us without observing that the necessities of war are recognized in their fullest extent. Considering, indeed, the immunities in which the United States are secured by their terri~ torial situation, it may be almost id that their military estimates are on a larger scale than our own. They were under no compulsion to invade Mexico, or annex Texas, or occupy California. That their colonization of these regions may be ultimately heneticial to the human race we do not deny, but their immediate motives were derived from nothing but unqualified greed; and it is evi- dent that, notwithstanding the apparent weakness: of their regular army, they retain in hand a force sufficient for the prosecution and completion of any embitious desires which the nation may be led to conceive. American Reiigious Denominations, (From the Liverpoot Mercury, Jan. 3.) We lately submitied to our readers a statement of the extent to which edugation was afforded to the great mass of the peopie in the various sections of the United Siates. Our readers are, of course, aware that the education so disseminated is of a strictly secular description; and that there is no form of religious creed or worship adopted by the state, or patronised and supported by the govern- ment—that every person in the United States adopts his own creed, and’ worships his God ac- cording to the dictates of his conscience, without suffering any legal disabilines or disqualifications for doing 80, providing he gives satisfactory evi- dence of the correct tendencies of his religious faith and practice, ina good hfe and deportment, asa man anda citizen. It may, then, be fairly asked, what is .he result of this absence of a reli- gion established by law, und the effect of an educa- or of which @ particular kied of religious instruc- tion does not form a fundamental t We reply by the following statements, drawn from the latest and best authonties. The religious education of the youth of the United States is abundantly provided for at the forty-two theologi- ¢al schools which we have siready mentioned. These schools are ali Protestant, and are divided among the various branches, as follows:— Baptists...... Congregationat Dutch Reformed Lutheran Methodis! Epiecopalan Presbyterian. Unitarian .. Of the 120 colleges, there were, in 1849, under the direction of the Baptists, 12; under that of the Episcopalians, 10; the Methodists influenced 12, and the Catholics 13 ‘The remainder were divided, as to prevailing religious influence, between the Congregationalis's end the Presbyterians. Hai University had furoished 1,628 ministers of diffe- Tent persuasions (a lotge portion Unitarians), to the Ist ef Januiry, 1849; aud Yale College has furnished 1,510 manisters, principally Presbyterians, uptothatume. ‘the Amervan ‘Auman for present year supplies the following list of churches and communicauts of the various religious profes- sione:— Churches. Communwants. . 693 Baptists. ...... Congregauo alist 197,196 Sars ag é 1,190,700 utc! formed. Lutheran and Moravian } 2,163 271,840 Episcopahans 12 67,550 aoe -Uokaown 1,230,069 sbyterians , 425,377 Swedenborgians 5,000 Unitarians. .. 33,040 Universaliets 60,009 vee D198 X Here is an aggregate of 4,433,465 communicants at various places ot religious worship; ani those who are members of other religious societies, now here enumerated, will increase the number to 5,000,000. If to these communicants be added th » younger members of their families below the re. quisite age, we may fairly make the number of communicants, and those whom they represent and influence, as being wot less than 10,000,000. Does apy other popuiaaen of 21,000,000 Christians ex- hibit so Jarge a number, not of mere attendants at public worship, but of church-members and com- municants? ‘¢ are afiaid not. We do no: want, however, to prove that the absence of religious edu- cation of a particular kind has made the people of the United States more attentive to their religi- ous duti our object w to prove that it has not produced a contrary eflect. We need not be surpri-ed at finding that pro- fessors of the Roman Catholic faith rapidl; increase in the United States. The vast anaual immigration from Ireland, Germany, and other Catholic countries of Europe, will, in a great mea- sure, account forth The authorities at Rome, and their fetlow- laborers of the Propaganda school in the United States, are not unmindful of thie fact, nor of the future consequences to arise from their making the most of it, His Holiness Pro Nono has lately erected three new archiepiscopal sees in the United Statee—at New York, Cincin- nati, and New Orlew those of Baltimore, St, Louie, and Walla Walla in Oregon, were pre- viously established; #o that there are now six Catholic archbishops. and certainly not less than thirty Catholic bishops in the United States. Be- sides the thirteen Catholic colleges already in operation in the United States, a very extensive additional one is now in course of erection in the city of New York. This iostitution will be under the direetion of the Jesuits, and is to accommo- date about two hundred dents and their in- structors. It is designed to double the capacity of this buildi in a few years. An elegant and us church is also being erected in New . for the use of the Jesuits. We make no comments upon these facts, but they certainly afford plentiful food for reflection. Nor can we institute any comparison between the United States and Great Britain in this respect. lo the former country there is no supreme head of the church, theref no action the Pope can attack there even remacy. inthe United States no pi has any vested or exclusive rights and Fagen oo] therefore, no Catholic enactments construed into an_in- noopest of any pretence to such things. The Catholic is as free to promote his faith as the Pro- testant- Episcopalian or the Methodist, provided he does not endeavor to trench upoa the liberty of conscience, or the nght of private judgment, which the constitution of the United States secures to every citizen. In England, the supremacy of the sovereign in matters ot religion, and the rights of the established church, are part of the laws of the land, and so long as they remain so, it is the boun- den duty of every Englishman to protect them both fom open violence, and insidious and covert attack. Numbering the (Prom tne London News, Jan, 2.) Like the drops of a great shower, which “ fall heavy, one by one,” come upon us the first returns of the census which isnow being taken in America. In the United States, both the general goverament and the State governments take the number of the people every ten years; but take it alternately, eo that, every five yea census is had showing the progress and distribution of the population. “that taken at the end ot each decade by the general go 8 by far the most complete, exhibiting a variety of results in connexion with topics of in- quiry which are not touched upon by those who take the census of the separate States, under the authority of their respective legislatures. The eneral census is, there invariably that which is taken both at hom broad, ae the great basis of comparison in estimating the progress made by the nation, from time to time, in population and wealth. the results have heretofore been, d to be it completely into the shade by those about to pe losed by the present census, Which will exbibit an instance of material and industrial developement unparalleled in the an- nals of nations. For thie, two causes may be as signed—first, the unexampled prosperity of the country since 1846, when the wariff was, tor the first time, placed on & purely revenue basis, and more especially since 1848, when the stream of Californian gold eset in by stantly to the eastwar versal extent to which, wit famine, fey and poll drained both the Brilieh isles and the continent of Europe of their redundant population. be doubted, that within the last ten years nearly three millions of the subjects of the British crown have traneferred themselves, and virtually their ale legiance too, to our transatlantic rivals. The emi- gration during that period from Germany, bem