The New York Herald Newspaper, December 14, 1850, Page 3

of lading will be granted at - mentioned ports for specie or gold di deliverable at the Bunk of England, at a ra’ cont. Of this the American mail steame! 1k percent, and the Royal Mail Company Ij cent, the latter including all expenees of transit from Papama to Chagres, so that the 2§ covers all acl from the port of shi) ment, and provides for te defect i 3 of 4 ee dai Compan have Scacheted “1 diate arrangements for coaveyiag p. 8 a treasure, in like maneer to the above, from England to the southward of Panama. The ports in- hin this scheme, touched at by the Pacific Navigation Compuny’s (British) steamers, follows:—Buenaveatura, het ee Payta, me bo gpenes Nae gown Ha» ay, Arica, Iquique, Cobija, us ee oy Ara ‘he net pas- from Southampten to Valparaiso are companies at £82 16s., £37 lbs., @W07 15s , respectively; to Callao, at 10s., £77 108, w 10s.; and to intermediate ports in proportion to their greater proximity to England; the expense of cross- Isthmus in all cases being defreyed by the Through bills of lading are granted at imme- nai es rH & & 'm a condition to meet the demands of the public creditor upon ‘The rate of taxation levied our citizens for the various purpeses of State and local e: rand more onerous than was ever before pf hag community upon earth from us of men of capital, and the In our sister city of Sacramen- to, a tex of four and one half per cent is laid upon the property of the city, while here, including as- seesments, it will scarcely be less. this sum is next to impossible, and payment will surely be evaded in every instance that it cau be. Uulese, therefore, rome measures be taken to re- lieve the people from these oppressive burdens, the disastrous eflects will be felt for years in retarding Gepewss De og 3 of the State. e which people have that Con- grees will give to California a sum of money—a million of collars or more—is too uncertain to be entitled toany weight. We must act for ourselve: and by our own wisdom devise the “ ways an Means” to sustain the government we have formed. For ourselves, we have not in any respect changed our formerly expressed ee. that the only remedy for the financial embarrasements of the State is to be obtained through the action of the Legislature. In a little more then two months the first Legislature will expire by constitutional limi- tation, end with it the power to raise, by loan, the necessary means to put the financial affairs of the State in # prosperous condition. It will be far easier to raise a million of dollare by taxation next year the above ports by the agents of the P. than on if of that amount this; and the re-pay- for treasure deliverable at the Bank of | ment of a loan would fali easily upon the increased il at a rate of 2} per cent, of which J per cent the share of the Pacitic Company, and 1} t to the Royal Mail Company. charge made tor specie aad bullion from to ish Guina, Vera Cruz, and Tampr- is 1} per cent; from Panama to St. Domingo, Rico, 8t. Thomas, all the Windward Islau londures, Nassau, and Jamaica, 1} Panama to Carthagena and Grey Town, pearls, emeralds, and all other precious (unset) being exempt from duty. from Pa- delivered at the Bank of England at 1} on velue; jewelry, subject to duty from is deliverable at Southampton at 2} per "The American mail steamers Jeave San Fran- = on the Ist and 15th of each month, and the mail steamers leave Valparaiso on the 26th of every mouth. To ports south of Panama there +,f therefore, at presen’, only a monthly commu- ‘ication; but by arrangements wiih the Admiralty the Pacific y will, towards the close of 1851, commence a bi-monthly mail, so that pas- rs will then be enabled to preceed to any of the Chihan, Bolivian. Peruvian, and New Grana- dian ports, by the West Indian mail steamers, lease Southampton on the 2d and 17th of every 3 8 rtd > ts aH ft cent Ligence from the California Min: (From the Sacramento Transcript, Uct. 31 ) News has arrived im town that a roe Sed miners, in > have discovered profitable dry dig- within twenty miles of our city. The first hit upon them on the side of il, near the American river, but on search- found that the diggings extended all over from the summit to the base. Miners im- cmediately flocked to the place, and the whole hill is now staked off into cluims. The earth yields about ten cents to the panful. SALMON CRERK MINERS. We conversed with a gentleman who arrived in this city yesterday, in fifteen days from Salmon ~Creek, one of the tributaries of the Klamath river. ~ene hundred and thirty from Shasta city. Our in- formant says he should have remained during the ‘winter but for a report, which was generally believed before he left, that a party of eight had been murdered by the Indians, which he has since learned was untrue. He tells us that about two hundred men have been at work during the sum- mer, upon Salmon Creek, avd that half of this mumber will winter there. Parties, during the summer have occasionally crossed over from the ‘Trinity, but have Nat Fr ed returned to that stream. Mining opera’ have general! Wy Bans very well, averaging from eight to sixteen dollars. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY. {From the Stockton Journal, Oct. 26 } ‘We learn that the miners are deserting the rivers to the dry diguings. Again we have @mmounce that pew diggwgs are almost discovered. There is no doubt but that com- perzous will, this season, leave the of more comfortable winter quar- Raemen erry is now a town of “nd numerous dately soatt ‘constructed for the ac- of the public ; and we expect that amount of gold that will taken ensuing winter, will treble in amount last year. ‘YUBA RIVER MINES. free the Pacifio News } all the rivers, it is likely that the Yuba has ned out the most gold for She pas year. From Jowermost bar twelve miles mer M oo it i ; 5 ze § i { ga g Fy e : gold — und a ion. At . Reatier cua nee partly in the ‘banks and in rich in the bars. it ia not, how- equally distributed. Many of the dai on the Yuba, as elsewhere, have prov- failures. . ‘Sicard’s bar is about eighteen miles above Ma- averita, ose pan pet by all odds the richest bar which has been found in the gold regina. Here not only have the banks bat the bed of the stream Riera led'ep ethowt tres ight, from the full of dirt, up wil it ight, river's ned, bas yielded 4 pound of goid, The gold is all in fine scales, and has evidently been driven to this locality by the actioa of curreats and inun- dations in the lapse of departed ages. The amount of labor expended by the company im turning the river, has been very great. benenp- | and excavating for some distance through a rock i of which 1s of « fur- transpired. The company who uold possession of the nehest part of this bar, will soon go into winter q and await the event of another summer, wo ve the operations they have begua. Bat meantime, We are informed that $15,000 per share, has been refused, in several ins:auces, no one wish- Li tamvawe gathered yesterday from an old friend, just from that locality, and who had no mo- tive for disguising from us the facts, and who did not they would be used by us for publica- tion. We ive them credit, furthermore, from per- sonal and waiatance with that part of the mining district, cna believe they are not exag- gerated. Thefurther fact, however, should by no meena be disguised by us, to wit: this good teieieeat popalsion is sil located upon the golden vast is sti upon go) hanks of the Yuba, from Lower Bar to the. first Fork, very few of whom, efter experiencing the hardest triale, willdo much more than pay ex- We purpose to describe, at some no di rs tut = i a. Fiat dey, mary life ae it existed in that region from Avg, ‘490 March, ‘0, we eight months of ‘cour experience in the placers. MORE GOLD BEARING QUARTZ. with a few partners, @ very 2 quartz, ia the vicinity of the Merced river. located about five miles east of California ran old di ‘The ledge of roc! golaen is hi more than a quarter of a mile leagth, aad Mr. ‘Thurmond says that the gold exposed to view ia this mine has been estimated at more than a mil- lion of dollars. He also exhibited to us specimens of the quartz, some of which are now before us. They are very rich. We refer capitalists and others to his advertisement. He rej the location as mnostadmirable for operations, being in ihe midst of fine timber and water, and easily nc- cessible. © rs will — believe, by and by, that the State of California is not quite ex- hausted of her treasures yet. ‘The Financial Condition of California. [From the Pacific News, Oct 41.) Now that the Jong and paintul suspense is ended dy the cheering intelligence that California has been admitted into sisterhood of States, now that the public heart is animated with emo tions of joy at the brilliant dest: measure of justice to her, only ¢ ly aw cures, it is important that a matter eo essential to our vita! interests, as that of establishing and sus taining the public credit, be not lost sight of amid ihe genera! yr It isasettled doctrine that no State ean long exist, or at least cannot be really prosperous, un- tess dof revenue sufficient to meet the or- dinary expenses of government. The crippled condition of Californi. im her financial affairs, has od very judicially upon the business of her chtizens, asda we Lkvown 4 all rh Ps Mae wn with the depressing effect w! le al Sate credit eadrelers “throughout the shnonsle of yrade, The estimates of .b¢ amount of State reve- nue, founded upon the assessment valuation of real perecnal property, tax, and the impost —* ts werk Pia ike nines, will auery ail to be reniized. migratory habits of a ion of oor jom, a well ae the want Trae ace tens many of the business ity in the cities and towns of the State, collection +f taxes extremely difficult ; ol year ie fast drawing to a close with prospect of treasury being rete id resources of the next few years, which would relieve thore who now are groaning under a weight of taxation already pressing dowa the energies of the peeple. in favor of an extra seasion of the ture; and we deem the admission of Cal- into the Union as creating the ‘‘ extraordi- nary occasion” which the constitution contem- plates as necessary to justify the executive in as- trembling that bedy. It is incumbent not only to use the power vested in the first Legislature to pro- vide the means of liquidating the necessary expen- ses of the State, but alse to make such needed, alterations in the laws as shall bring them into harmony with those of the federal government. The tax laws need revising; there are, besides, matters of the utmost importance that call for prompt acticn, in order to relieve the State from the embarrasements under which she is laboring; and without which, affairs will go on “from te woree”’ till the State is driven to the brink of bank- Tuptey, if not to actual repudiation. So faras we underetand the opinions of the people, we believe a vast majority of them are in favor of an extra sex sion ; as by the action of the Legislature only can California be placed in the proud position which she ia entitled to occupy, and in which it is the de- sire of every one of her citizens to see her stand. ‘THE CELEBRATION BALL. {From the Pacific News, October 31 } We yesterday had but brief space to refer to the gtend celebration ball, which came off on the evening of Tuesday, as the finale of the commemo- ration festivities of ‘the day. The general joy mani- fested on the occasion, partici, ted in by all classes, and the representatives of ‘all nations, induced the anticipation that the closi scene would be no less brilliant and attractive. Whether it was or aot, let the immense crowd wheentered the magic circle of “ fair women and brave men,” answer. room selected for the ball, was the lower floor of the large new building corner of Clay and Kearney streets, which was tastefully decorated. At the upper end was the raised platform for the orchestra, consisting of twelve picked and accom- phehed qusicians. Above their heads, projecting some five or six feet into the room, was a finely painted portreit of the father of his country, watched over by the American eagle, and sur- rounded by flags, appropriate devices, and mot- toes. Around the 8 of the room, gracefully dressed and festooned, were fi wreaths, ban- nes, and emblems; while the columns in the cen- tre were tastefully decorated ii menner, under the supervision of the mai rs—consisting of Messrs. J. L. Folsom, Gilmore Meredith, F.C. Bennett, William Burling, James S. Wethered, A. J ie, Lucien Hermann, Jas. E. Wainwrigh, H. Sparke, and J. D. Stevenson. wt! half’ Past nine selock the balt room was rown open, the orchestra playing a grand prome- nade national merch. U, the Sai i the ae Senne canes ed,and een juily on, althoug reigning goddess of pleasure <4 aimed that ** joy be unconfined.” ki, ho one was a quadrille, — was participate as many as jaces upon the floor, followed bya u the mazes of which, ae “ voluptuously swelled the music,” whirled manly forms and merry meidens in close embrace con! , tall the gtew dizzy with ex- citement. Between each dance was an intermis- sion of tive minutes, and at the bugle’s sound, the sets were #gain formed, and the enlivening strains of music were apuy timed by the trippings of the “light fantastic toe. : yr Among sores gallant men w! icipated, we hardly dare Wearare to partioularize: The State officers were re, nted by hie excellency Gover- por Peter H. Burnett, and the State Treasurer, Major Roman, who are always — on patriotic oceasions. The army by Gen. Persifer F. Smith, Lieuts. Gibson and Stoneman, Col. Hiram Leonard, and others whose names we did not learn. His Honor, Mayor Gea 8 usual, devoted himself to agreeable sociable intercourse. Among the city fathers, we recognized Ald. Green, President of the first Board, Ald. Bartel, Ald. Sharron, Ald. Leonard, Ald. Grant, Ald. Mi ton, Ald. Green, of the second Board, Ald. Stewart, and others. Col. Stevenson was as active in the ballroom as on parade, devoting himself to the ladies with his usual Peitescy. Col. Cother, who keeps the strot box of the government, was equally attentive devoted, a8 was also Capt. Grayson, Capt. ber, Col. Holt, it Folsom, Hon. N. Bennett, the orator of the day, and the popular and euczessful banker, F. Argenti, Esq. The bench and the bar were aleo well represented, Judge Morrison, Jus tice Morse, Judge Shepard, Judge Browa, Hon. E. K. Heydenfeldt, J. B Hart, Wm. G. Wood, Ex , the gallant Col. Weller, and others. Senator Broderick, of the San Francisco district, and Sena- tor Van Buren, of the San Joaquin, both just elect- ed, were also busy with attentions to the fair. Tal- bot H. Green, heq., Mr. Mellue, Comptroller Ber- ry, Dr. Rogers, Dr. Thorp, Gen. Vallejo and fami- ly, Dr. Holman, of the steamer Oregon, Oliver Charlick, Eeq , agent of Law’s line, H. Ray- mond, Keq., agent of the Howard line, and a num- ber of membeis of the past and succeeding legisla- tures These, and « host of gentlemen whom we cannot name, were active in making the oceasion all thet could be desired. The ladies turned out in good numbers, although there were not os man sent as the occasion called for, yet California is improving in this re- spect with gratifying rapidity. The lady of Capt. Grayson, the female pioneer of California, dressed with becoming modesty and taste, ‘ived much | attention. Her sister, Mise Petit, a sweet iittle | treasure, was a highly prized jewel in the casket. Miss Hill, « tail, gracetal lady, in white, did not dance as frequenuy as would have graved the oc casion. Mrs. Wm Hart, the lady of the popular enctioneer in Montgomery street, was tastefully dressed, and dancea well. The lady of President Green in her usual good spirite, while Mra J D. Hawks, a new comer amongst us, arrived jast in tame to lend ber presence to the enchantment of the eeone. Mrs. Wills, the authoress of the Ode, ‘was of course among the observed of all observers. Mre. Hermann, with ber fine bust and graceful carriage, made decidedly a good impression upon all, while her daw, r, of “ sweet sixteen,” was ss graceful ava eylph, and danced with spirit. Mrs. Wim. N. Burkhead wore a beautiful straw eatin, and danced with the grace ofa fairy. Mrs. Buckley appeared to advantage, dressed in white eatin skirt and black bodice, with a ate head drese. A sry litte widow in white, whoee name has escaped us, with & saperabundance of leeghiog curls and a mischievous eye, received the mark: attentions of the gallant Colonel who marshalied eyes and winning smiles of the fair, the ladies talks beumned with of epaulets and flauter- ing attentions, while all bore in the liveliest re Miner’s Admission Song. (Prom the Pacific Calitornia News.) Come. comies yo maeny minum, seme in yous sod chinte i Come, hasten up te town, and join the festival; Stop not to shave your savage lips, or cut your rous Ye are weleome, me'ry miners, al! bearded as ye are. And your once white and well kept hands are stained ber dun? though your backs are bent with toil, and ye bi loet the sir Which stamped ye once as brilliant beaus amid the young and tair? I fein would, with my elender palm, your bony flagers clasp; For T love the band of honest toil, ite firm aud hearty ererp; Aud! - ow, O, miner, brave and free, that not alone tor se Have ye heaped, through many weary months, your glittering pile of pelt, 4 ’ he You, with the stern and thoughtful eye, beneath your bronzed brow; You, on whore emooth and rounded cheek, still gleams youth's p 0 You of the reckless, daring lip; you of the timid glance, Ho! young ard old—bo! grave and gay,to the merry ‘Site advance; Ho! brothers from the sunny South, whose radiant re blowing; keye hunter of the West, ohild of the rivers the song of jubilee, to the new Golden Btate! the banner of the free, in very deed’s, our An the band of sister States, we're not the foeblest one Then proudly shout, ye hairy men, with threats all brown apd bare, For the loved fag, 'mid its crimson stripes, displays a golden etar. Stantas SUGGESTED BY A VISIT TO A PORTRAIT GALLERY. Soul-lit shadows now surround me; ‘They who armies nobly le: ba who mske a pation’s giory hile they're living—when they're La ks for ture, D Have their geniu . Victors trom the fields of battle; Vietors frem the fields of mind- Doniphan, who trod the desert; Scott, who covquered on the plain; Teylor, who weuld not surrender; jutler, sleeping wiih the slain; Houston, Ban Jacinto’s hero; Fremont, trom the Golden shore; Jackson, 88 a lion, fearless; Worth, whose gallant deeds are o'er— ‘Webster, with a brow Titanio; Calboun’s eagle look of oid, Benton, freedom’s valiant Nestor; Kent, the jurist, calm fy) © altho qi us Romanor 7 Cass, with deep and earnest gaxe; Waeees of yore the Senate's Cato; A of early days— Barcom’s eye. s gleaming bright; Anthon. whese unceasing labor Fills the etudent's path with light— Aes a Fg th shag gael ‘rercott, from jo page; Bryant, pilgrim of our povts; retired ei loo} ly thor is Father Mathew a pe kek : jathew, m: i Jenny Lind, Fi ye the heart — Lawrence, type of merchant princes; Colt, of out mechanic 18; Emerron, of Yankee per oman Miller, of our Scripture seers; Mott, the hero ot the scalpel; piLioPer, wizard of the pen; gg, the glorious painter poet; Powers, of Arts own noblemen— From the bills snd from the valleys, They are gathered fer and near,— From the Rio Grande’s waters, To Aroostook’s mountain drear,— From the rough Atlantic's billews, To the calm Pacific's tide, Soldier, staterman. post, patater, ~ Priest avd Rabbi, side by side. Caren Lrom, of Lronspate. Broadway, December 12, 1860. Te Madame L. V., of Mobile, Alabama. BY LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY, Our hearts are joined in kindness, gentlest friend! Joined, by « strong and ver. precious tie; Together, in affe 's truth, they blend; And thoughtful sympathy! Two mourning mothers sles! have been, Our heart: save travelled over the same dark track; Mothers are we of children loved and lost: Children, the very brightest of the fair, Mothers of Angels in the Heavenly Host — Btill, still we love them there! Perchance @ chain of Hea: See unconscious to my Own, may Unglimpsed, unmarked—from amaran\ By their dear hands ed! Yes, our — ren iden flewers “ bind ine bowers, worlds ot glory and of bliss, shows, and happiest scenes uproil ill winging thoughts to this, ight to the mother's soul’ Jeotric, yet enduring tie, ‘They msy our touch’d und ; Still nearer to us in the o'erlooking sky ‘Than ail that girds us round! From thoee biest realms, athwart the heunted night, Uf our sad bosoms. they perchance have thrown, A starry clustered influence full of might, While still their sway we own ‘Their wing Uink'd resy fluttering shadows fall Far thro’ the new-calmed spirits glasey deep, nd mystic thrall, And meods accordant Keep. Whispering swect tones to which our being sterts, Have they a“ controlled aud stamped our t? And lala thrilling hearts have ds upon our hearts, And our Lew triendehip tangnt | bends perchance 14 1 think it !—sunbeame, ino flo vers, te of Lirtog lig irrored thus in ours, fky and ence vein, common thing®. ehadowings, Ureeth, aud wu ‘ave of bigh celestial wings earth ere while. Our longing heart t drawn and rained Toward heights te wht ur deriiogs Dave attoined, Where bath all but gaged re there are stored, « As hearts, whore living trensur Bearce reeme a cloud betwres | Yet Ob! that cloud. impervious to our§enze. It spreads, tho light, with drerd wud awfal pow'r, And hides a heavenly Universe binze a the procession fire Wm. Fell whirled through the mezy waltz with ease and Pome Mrs van, Wi recently escaped her ares widowhood, appeared in a neat pink satin, aan’ eae OR meme wore La watered silk, ged with crape, an ve taste. Mise Sherwood, a lass Yan- kee land, attracted much attention. Miss cn ot wore a figured satin, with outside of lace. . Poelmer, the lady of the eenior partner in the houre of Palmer, Cook & Co., was as gay and brilliant as ever, as was Mrs. Noyes, the merchant's lady, as well es Mre Hooper, the accomplished egy ot one of the firm of C Hobson & Co. Mise Brewer, from the Sendwich Islands, looked exceed ingly neat and modest, in white. Mrs. Stillman was dressed in blue velvet, and danced with be- coming grace. Mrs. White, the a lady, wore, very becomingly, a rich pink satin. Mra. Mel- lus appeared very modestly attired, and was nget ly entertaining in conversation. Mrs. Capt. Wm. Websier, the two Mra. Reberts, and Miss Gates, were each appropriately dressed for the occasion, and danced well. Mre. Roland ared in white, w tasty head dress, and with admirable taste. There were an hundred others, whose names and ceuntenances we had not the pleasure of know- ing, whose presence added interest and = to the séene. Ai such a garden of it is not to be wondered at that an cecanional choice one «hould be passed without receiving that tion which ite beauty and merits demand. were stately, eensible matrone, amiable aod be- Till the apporuted hour But from our loes if we thus mu-)) have gained, Our humbly. lifted hearts shoaic cratetal prove; Grateful to be no more to earth ev va, Freed thro’ the up-«pringing love: Even now, like cherub-parents of our rouls, Our m keem to nurse our nobler , overs: From them we gain, while time still heay «award rolls, New richest dowere! Still let ft be Fo! let us owe to them ey if jl gitte bone nett on. jower'd dream. thought, and ¢ 1 Richer than pearl od cold " #0! let us feel and se sphered influence evs © ind us sical, From Fiorma—More Inxpiax Hostivrriss.— The Savannah Gor; learne, from @ passenger on the St, Mathews, from Florida, that the [ndians bad atterr) further hostilities. On Thursday, the 28th uit. the U. 8. steamer Sarah ng are rived at Jacksonville, having on board - D. Clark, ef Mariette, who reported that while crose- ing the Halouver, in company with the Iadiaa river mail rider, they were attacked by three indians, who fired upon them with their rifles, but the party ha taken to their boots out hing cure, pulled reach of balls. The Halouver widows and all poe ena ~ Tele 55 Bako one hundred miles fjom Smyran, one one make everything pase 4 with that pleasure an- | hundred and from St. A\ mingled wih regret, w characterize se een the of Florida to ie te Sete tor | ab tt er le ie ou in Se 5 bn party eu tend aie of theit speedy al; and wot THE UNION FEELING I THE COUNTRY. arr Judge Rrnmner se i om me Be Siave Law. The following 18 a portion of the charge of the Hoa. Elisha M. Huo von, of the United States District Court, for the of Ladi to the jury, at a late seesion of the court in that i feel it my duty to ask your attention to another eubject, which I am sure you will think, with me, deserves, st this moment, the gravest considera- tion of every citizen of the State. I allude to the late act of Congress, commonly known as “the nhs Slave law.” E hen the Constitution of the United States was evpmitted to the differem States for adoption and ratifiestion, it recognized, by ove of irs plainest provisions slaves, as property ; and, although the term slave was not used in the iastrumeai, that part of it which provided for the extrad:tion of fa- gitives from labor was as well understood and well considered as any other part of the instrument. It was as clear as sny portion of the bill of rights, and received the sanction of those States where slavery did not exist, as wellas of those where it did. Indeed, without euch a provision, the Coustitution could not have been adopted ; for it is well known that at that ume slavery existed in many of the old States, where it has since heen abolished. ‘The same Constitution is still in force, govern- ing ali and protecting all. In 1793, Congress, ia pursuance of the constitutional requisition, passed a Fugitive Slave law, defining the mode ia which fugitives from labor should be reclaimed by those to whom they owed service. From that day to this, ithas remained the law of the land. In the Mmeon time, however, many changes have taken pl«ce in the social condition of the country. Prior to 1530, the cases in which the owners of fugitive slaves fovnd it necessary to resort to the law were comparatively few—there was no organized opposi- tion to the institution—at all events, there was lit- tle or no difficulty in eokering the law. Siuce the Constitution wes adopted, State after State has abolished heats B and it has been gradually re- ceding from the North and the East, until it isnow confined merely to the planting States. There have always been men, in and out of the slave States, and men of high character end pure morali- ye dto the system of negro slavery; but this ten of men never dreamed of interfering with existing institutions, much less of interfering with the individual rights of the owner of slaves. Until within the last few years, his right to his slave bas been deemed as sacred as his mght to any other species ot property, and, until very recently, it has never been cisimed that there was any “higher law” than the Constitution, which could defeat that right. Without tracing the progress of anti-slavery sen- timent in this country up to this time, or referring to the causes which, in my judgment, have given a party character to what otherwise would nave been harmless opinions, we cannot close our eyes to the fact that at this moment we are passing | through the severest ordeal to which the conatitu- tion has ever been subjected. Evil passions seem | to have been let loose, and madness, in some sec- tions of the country, seems to rule the hour. The continual agitation of the subject for the last few 5 had a tendency to encourage the slave to his master, hoping for protection from that class in the free States whose sympathies have been so strongly expressed in his favor. While jiana hes by statute aided the master, obstacies have been interposed by some of the other States to the recovery of fugitives; and this has led very rapidly, as may have been supposed, to sectional ir- ritation. The difficulties have been more and more complicated by the extension of our territory, there- by creating the necessity for new States and new territories, until at last have assumed an im- rtance ®0 threstening to the integrity of the inion, as to lead to the passage by Congress, at its last eession, of a series of measures intended as an adjustment of all controversies. Of these measures, “the Fugitive Slave law” ia one. This law pro- vides some additional facies for the master in the recovery of hi ve, and im ‘3 some ad- ditional penulties on those who aid in defeating his recovery. Th: all—the rights of the fugitive are substantially the same as they were under the old act of 1793 ; and yet the passage of this law, for which there seemed to be a sort of necessity, has been made the theme of violent denunciation by public meetings, and threats of resistance when- ever it ia attemp'ed to be executed. By the pro- visions of the late act, the duty of aiding the master to recover his rty is chiefly devolved on the courts of the United States, and other officers con- nected with them. It is the duty of this court, where there is necessity for it, to appoint commis- sionere, who are nares with the performance of certain duties in aid of the master ; but, in all this, the righte of the fugitive are us clearly ted as they are under the act of 1793. The 7th section of the act a penalty of fine and imprison- bea ny pT ed Lad the i of or who herbor or conceal isi 1Pwuf be your duty to inquire whether apy one within this dis- ae pee bpae under this spn ne any such person of persona, wi present them to this court for ial eat But it may be well to examine a little farther into the consequences which may result from the resistance of this law. In a very early period of the government—only five or six years after the constitution was adopted —Congress passed en act imposing certain duties < derma distilled in rh nited hag It was thought &@ portion of the people of Virginia, Maryland, ond’ Feamspiviale, eters there were extensive distileries of rum and whiskey, to be very oppressive. In Pennsylvania, open resistance to the law was made. Public meetings were held, aod inflam: resolutions adopted, denouncing the law, and all who attempted to execute it. The collector of the duties, appointed by the United States, was threatened—his house and his papers were burned—the United States Marshal was com- pelled to deliver his sa, and abandon hie duties—the courts of the ited States, and of the State, were unable to make head against the spirit of resistance—they were powerless. It at last came to be @ question between the powers of the government and a mob. Under these circum stencee, it was cerufied by a justice of the Supreme Court to the President, that the laws of the United States ‘were opposed—that their execution was ob- structed by combinations too powerful to be sup- preseed by the ordinary course of judicial proceed- ings, or by the process vested in the tnarshal. Every effort had beea made by appeal and remon- strance; but, milamed by ariful and unserupulous leaders, the standard of rebellion was hoisted. There was no alternative but to suiier the law to be trodden down by a mob, or enforced with the eword. General Washington, then at the head of the government, did not hesitate to send a military foree to the theutre of insurrection. He vent an army, end thore who had defied the civil power yretded. Order was restored—the courts of justice resumed their functions—the law was executed, ur d from that period unt) 1905, when it was re- pesled, the officers of the goverament charged with the collection of duties, performed their dues witbout further popular interruption. Ja the mean time, the leaders of the ineurrection were arrested, indicted for treason, and many of them convicted, aod but for the clemency of the President would have met the fate of traitors. [ nave referred to this serap of history to show, first, thet, il necessary, force will be used to put down te ince to the Jaw, and in the second plice to vee. if such there be in Indiana, disposed totest the power of the government, ‘of some of the consequences of such resistance. Ordinarily, the resisting the execution of legal ess by one or by more persons is a high misdemeanor, and severely punished; but when bodies of men meet tegether upon a common intent, and resolve to re tier the execurion of a common law, and by vio- intimidation do actually sccomplish their 5 offence is far different. In the cases red to in Pennsylvania, the court, after fall ‘gument, ruled that * the ae by a body of n by intimidation to prevent the execution of act of Congress was levying wer within the ening of the constitution, aad was therefore treason.” The Englieh rule is perhaps still more went; the raising a body of men to obtain by midation the repeal of a law, or to oppose an event, by terror, its execution, is levying war against the government. And, gentlemen, what can be more subversive of public liberty than pro- ceedings of this character? They attack the very ions of the government. They make war rs which can secure social order and ights. i ow, tis very certain thot, in some quarters of the country, open resistance to the recent act of Congrere before referred to is threatened and en- couraged © bodies of bad or misguided men. ization will go, unless thority, a0 man itself exciting one, and may be handled by designing mea with power- ful effect to inflame the public temper. It has been eo used, and, although confined toa very mall pertion of the people of any one State, so vio~ lent have been their proceediogs as to furnish pre- texis elsewhere for attacking the Union itself. I regret to be ‘compelled to say that our own commonwealth is not free from blame, for, ina county sear our sister State of Ohio, yo 4 has been held for the purpose of organizing - ble resistence to public enthority ; the most insane countels preveiled; and if they penn haga od out what they proclaim to be their intentions, the: will be guilty of treason toward the govern , and poeribly be subjected to its penalties. Thus bas this med spirit invaded our very homes, and [feel it my duty in the most solemn manner to warn of the consequences which will cer- tainly follow, if their threats are followed by overt acts. It gives me pleasure, however, to know that this spirit is confined to very few persone, and that of Indiana is for law and Whatever may be the feelings of the great hody of the people tavegard to the Leatsation'of domes. we slavery, they will never be fou fougd making war on of a aectional woovety which hes oh crament ‘a ite it has been our boast that hes been faithful to the constitutioa—her tribuaals of 4 = Es B 2! justice bave ever been uniafluenced, and it is my firm belief that she will be found faith- ful to the last. m, there are too many indications of a Coming storm; and although the in the horizoa may now be no jay a mi tende a crisis in public aflairs whi ste bilty of om yen ns vena re- sistance to the Law of Congress, inflammatory sponala fo the misguided passions of a portion of the people of the North, have placed weapons in the hunds of those in the South who seek to overturn the government. Where this is to end, God only knows; but our poth of duty is plain. We muet stand by the rights of others as we staud by ourown. We must observe tne lawe, aad we must enforce their observance where they are re- tisted—we must keep our faith, not only with each other, but with the citizens of other States. You, gen'lemen, are assembled from every part of the State—you are femiliar with the public sen- timent; and it is fae province to investigate the matters to which | have alluded; and, for this pur- pose, you will have all the aid that the process and authority of this court cen give you. If there are persons within this district who have rendered themeelves amenaole to the penalties prescribed in the 7th section of the Fugitive Siave law, you will Tesent them to this court for trial. If this law has een resisted, or its execution prevented by the violence cr intimidation of organized bodies of men, it is your duty to prefer indictments against them. In all your proceedings, however, you will be careful that no political feelings or prejudices shall teint the impartiality and the independence of your deliberation. RESPONSE OF THE GRAND JURY OF THE court, FOR THE DISTHICT OF INDIANA, TO THE CHARGE OF JUDGE HUNTING ION. The Grand Jurors of the United States Distriet Court, having had their at'eanion called to viola- tions of the Fugitive Slave law, by a charge from the Judge at the opening of the present term of the court, presented the following report, which was read and ordered to be publisted. Itis proper to say that the report was unai mously made, and nat almost every sect aad sec- tion of the State were represented in thet het. The undersigned, sunt jurors of the United States Court, for the District of Indiana, feel it to be their duty to respend to the elaborate char; ven to them by the Court, upon the subject of ugitive Slave law, and to say, that they {ally en- dorse the sevtiments and views therein expressed. No overt ect has been brought to the notice of the jury upon which to frame an indictment for viola- tions of this law, but acts of public notoriety breath- ing strong disaffection and opposition to this law have been committed by small bodies of persons ia some severe! instances within this district. It 19, however, well ascer‘ained, that the number of those Cg their opposition to the enforce- ment of the law, amount to a very small portioa of our population, and it is beli resistance to thie, or any other law of Congress is to be apprehended within this State. If any vio- lations of this provision of Congress—or any other that it was competent for us to notice—had been brought to the aitention of this body ina proper form, they would bave been promptly reported to the court in the form of an indictment, and we doubt not, that subsequent juries will feel a like obligation, and act promptness and fidelity in taking the initiative towards punishing offenders of every character against the law of the general go- vernment. a 2 Every prudent effort and diligent inquiry has been made w ascertain whether any violations of the Fugitive Slave law have been committed within this State, and none were found sufficiently uae- quivocal in their language to warrant the finding of bill that could, with reasonable certainty, be sus- twined ; but it hes, nevertheles the ardent desire of the jury to vindicate the law, and procure | the proper punishment of all those who violate its | enactine We feel assured that the courts of | this portion of the country are sound in all the prin ciples of integrity and justice, and that the rights of the citizens of every portion of the United States may with propriety and safety be committed to their investigation apd decision. e feel also assured oat. body of our citizens, of every and every party, are an order-loving and law-abiding people, strongly attached to the con- stitution, the Union, and to the lawa, and will, by all moral as well as ” all legal means, sustain the compromises of the first, the permanence of the second, and the enactments of the third. And we ieved that no serious Tet which we exiatene it. Such dis- trust, whieh | believe it any real founde- tee prakens the igumenia which bind us er, and of course es at the foundation of our [gg But the whole law, in all its Bafce ito any that i Hs? saute because u makes slavery « national instead of a State the citizens of free States to aid in arrestin, returning to slavery the man who is only flee for liberty, in the same manner as they woul rightfully be bound to aid in arresting n flee- ing from justice, charged with the commission of a bigh enme and misdemeanor. ¢ Finelly,—tn relation to the mode of trial, and other particulars, the law ia contrey to the genims end spirit of our free institutions, and therefore dengerous to hoth free and slave States, and com sequently ought to be omended or repealed. Bat atorcible resistance to this, or any other law, is only rebellicn, end is pot the way to procure the remedy. Let there be a generous confitence ia al! parts of the nation, eveh with the other. Let the evila be plainly laid before the law-making power of the country, Let argument, and — and love of country, be the ruling principles, the constitution wil! prevail. Let a law be passed, giving to the master his constitutional rights oaly, bared upon common principles of evidence, a= dication and execution, thus being consistent with the spirit of our free institutions, and | venture the assertion that it will be fulfilled to the letter and eprrit in all parts of the Union, and the conatry again settled down in parmony and peace. Onoe more the interests of the people are committed to your wisdom. And again I would add my ferveat tupplicatiens to the Supreme Ruler of the Uni verse, that his providential care may still be com- tinved to the State; that virtue and the love of country yr ey fixed in the breasts of the people, end their liberties be perpetuel The following is that portion of the message @ Governor Brown, to the Legislature of Florida, touching the slavery question and the Fugitive slave AW Congress, after unprecedented delay and difli- culty, succeeded in adopting a plan ot compromise, lt wes not such as to meet the just expectations ef the people of the States; but considering tl tis not often incidental to an award tully to gratify doth or either of the parties, and that no surrender of constitutional principle was det we were dis- posed to acquiesce in this settlement, ys that it should be carried out in hearty good faith by the other sections of the contederacy. This reasona- ble expectation, I am led to fear, by recent indica- tions, may be doomed to disappointment. The ink is scarcely a upon the parchment of the compro- mise before the threat to repeal the bill for the re- covery of fugitives is heard from sources which leave little room to doubt that an earnest effor' aboutto be made in Congress to wipe from t” tute book « bili whose only office was to aff people of the non-slavehoiding States the op, to perform, or to acquiesce in the per! of a consututiona! duty. |, a8 it an actual minority of the popular branch grete, it seems to me litle hkely to withst at body, the storm of odium which has raised against it, unless a great and unexpected change in an apparently dominant Northera opi- nion thall take plece. While it affords sincere gratification to bel i the federal adm premises of the Constitution, we are bape ho inded thet the turbid and swoilea ude of wpaticism b d by the people themselves, all ch barriers must soon be sweptaway. Nothing surer than that this government must eventu- nish a faithful retiection of the established Opinion of @ popular majority, and this fact con- sidered in connection with the manifestations of Northern sentiment their obligations under the federal compact, ‘ies a serious concera for the perpetuity of the jon. The repeal or essem- tial modification of the law for the recovery of fa- gitive slaves will, in my judgment, be tantamount fee) r assured that every act, whether of quasi treason or of crea resistance to the laws (if, beri Agi should be any within the jurisdic- tion of court,) will be promptly rebuked by public opinion, and as # comeg and stringently pasished this tribumal ae the laws of the land wh u ite He rights of every State and Territory in this confederacy, and the rights of each and all of their citizens ought to be, and are, aa well se- cured in ell the departments of justice in lodiana, as the rights of the inhabitants of our own State. No vitiated condition of public opinion, as ex- pressed by a few who have mistaken try for philanthropy, can in the least corrupt the fountains of justice, or disturb the well settled purpose of our citizens to preserve inviolate all their obli; to their brethren of every section of the Unis _ It is no part of the object of the undersigard to infringe upon or restrict the right of the citizen to express, in a peaceable and becoming manner, his opposition to any public measure wherein he muy feel eggneved, even admittiog that such eapression of opinion may be the result of misconception, or a distempered imagination ; but, under all circumstances, we feel it to be our dutg to inculcate submission to the coustitu- tional powers of Congress, and to warn those who would wilfully trample under foot the laws of the government, and to condemn its authority, that such a course cannot be pursued with impunity, and We invoke all good citizens of the State to join in condemning the wrong, by all morta) means, ond to assist in upholding the supremacy of the Jawe at all haz Ohio a the Union. The following is that portion of the measage of Gov. Ford, bearmg upon the federal relations of the country :— _ Fer some time past, much excitement and agita- tiom have prevailed in diflzrent sections of our country, on a subject of ebsorbing interest, which has seemed to awaken in the minds of some, alarm | for the eafety of our Union. In the Southern see- tion, there have been passed resolutions by State La giclatures, threatening secession in case of cer- tam anticipated action of Congress, and there has been the ascembling and re-asse mbling of a Con- vention, imposing in its pretentiona, which met end acted with an open and avowed purpose of disanion. On the other band, in the North, there have been evd are individuals and assemblies of persons who threaten to defy and resist, in one particalar, the execution of the laws. In none of these demonstra- tions, however, viewed by the light of the past his- tory ‘of the country, do 1 discover ground for se- rious alarm. In no country, however great or smell, can all the poliey, or ali the Jaws made to carry cut its policy, give eatistaction to all; asa | coneequence, excitement more or lets prevails. Thue, we have seen our own constitution thres- | tened by the demon of civil discord ; but it stood | the shock, and still stands like the granite rock | at the base of the mountain, unharmed by the | waves that have beat upon it We contemplate with jost pride the inestimable bieseings whieh this Uaion of States has couferred | upon ewch individual State, by making equal and | uniform regulations for the trade and commerce of | all—thus increasing the wealih and promoting the | general prosperity. We have still more cause to | rejoice Whea we see how much it has added to owr strength and power as a nation, and that power still increasing—by this means giving us a guar- antee of peace with all other nanons, and protec- tien from hostile incursions among ourselves; yea, more—a standing among the nations of the earth ‘hat will add an immense power to the moral in- fluence of our free institutions throughout the world. He, therefore, who would desire to see | this mighty nation reduced to thirty or more petty States, distracted with the feuds of bitter civil dt cord, and desulated with ail the horrors of border | warfare, is not only @ trattor to his country, but aa enemy to the best interests of mankind. Boo en: b praise cannot be bestowed upon the true friends of the Unior; but it is difficult to single out indi ale (o whom tbat term ia to oe emphatically applied. Itreaches and embraces nearly all the American people. Though complaint may be sometimes made, yet a just national pride and love of country wig -aily the great body of the people around the copstituticn, and ve it fromm the hands of the spoiler. Alarm and egitation, of late, has mostly grown out of the subject of slavery. The constitution pet in substance, that ifa slave shall escape vom his master into another State, he shall be Toy claim and proof being made. Whit- rights are eccured to the slaveholding States € by this provision of the constitution and law, should be strictly in good faith maintained; en- preey, Bp for this pur care should be taken tt ie of other States, as well as individa- be not infringed upon. | The law deno- “ Fugitive Slave law,” the country. It is tion of the constituti Poet eat, dh er of t Preeution cannot be justifiable. without eustaini to a formal record und notification of the Nebo ness of our Northern brethren longer to abide by the constitution of the United States. It ie not se- riously contended that this law is an abuse, or vio~ lative of any constitutional right. The oaly ra- tions! objection which can be urged against it, ia hatit is likely to accomplish, with some degree of ttheacy, the object tor hb it was enacted—the ation of fugitive s! to their nghuful owa- Without @ constitutional provision stringently . enforcing this duty, and fully securing this right, it is a matier of historical truth that the Union could never have been formed; und equally true it w, that the Union cannot endure a pracucal repudia~ tion of this plain constitution des the repeal or emancipation of cure end enferce it. It is idle to contend that this cry of repeal or emendment has any foundation ia the provimove of the law, except in so far as they hermouze snd co-operate with the provisions of the constitution. [ts repeal, therefore, is a prace ical repudiation of that iastrument. Such an event would leave us no alternative, compatible with national for it seems to me there cap be no reason so ignemisious as that which should acquiesce in a violated Constitunoa —noue more fatal to the cause of civil lbeny throughout the worli—none more ruinous in iu ultimate consequences to ourrelves aod posterity. Should the General Assembly concur me, as the next regular session will not take place ua— til 1852, 1 invite you, if you think proper, to su- thonize the Executive, by liw or resolation, i event of the repeal of the Fagitve Siave Bill, the consummation of any other aggressive meas vre, at his diseretion to proclaim and convoke a Convention of the people of this State, at su time as may comport with harmonious w deagaed to se= rf with our sister States of the South, for the purpose of devising a somedy. itis with inexpreveible pein that the General Assembly aad Executive murt contemplate any contingency im- perilling the stability of @ goverament which has in general, eo Well and so wisely discharged its «at functions, and whieh, like come proud menument tottering to its fall, seems to inspire & deeper eense of grandeur, at the apparaat threat- ening of # Catastrophe; and while micnaces our safety, to call forth a more poignant sympathy and vivid recollection of the many grateful aud hallowed associations which cluster arouad it. L can only add the hope, that a kiad Providence, which watched over our ral infancy, and meny perile, may yet nd save us from the THOMAS BROWN. Advices from Greytown (oan f October, give the following iaforma t “As to the American company, it is, in my opinion, & Very poor concern tte not think that, ae they ere proceeding, they will succeed. The lorger steerer Orue has not been able to pass the river Sen Carlos to the Lake of Nicaragua, the Director, the smaller oar, has been below the Casulloviego ever since the 18th of Al the day ot their departure from here. They have the right kind of boats for the river, not nough, from their length and draught of w We have other intelligence, al nlorming ue that the engineers of the New York compeny had applied wo the government of Costa Rica to be permitved to examine and survey the line of the Sayoa, acrows the Isthmus ef Sali- bas, below the river La Flor, « permission which the President of that State accorded them, a8 de-~ ows they should test the superiority of that line ove those for which they have obtained conces- rious through Nicaragua. We «leo learn that the river San Carlos, which flows iuto the river San Juen from the highlands of Costa Rica, has been + xamined by order of the President of that State, ind found navigable to the extent of tea and four- tern feet depth, and one hundred feet breadth of water, to within ten leagues of the port of Paata Arenas, in the Gulf o a. RX tartner and more detailed report will be furnished us of thie exploration. This will, it ie expected, tend to de- Velope ihe resources of Costa Kica at an early date. The London Tymes, of the 2s: ult By advices received from Leon (Nivaragna,) we leern that the American party was losing its im fluence since the reeall of Mr. eee and the Niearegvan government was entertaining a more kindly oe iad oa the subject of the disputed Mos- quito territory; and, from ‘he tenor of recent com- munications to Mr. Chatfield, the British Cf d'Aflewes, tt tar aeenmed that an Poy eperdily be given fo the recognrtiom of the Magquito inedon On the fth of erobel, thawe vessels arrived at Realejo, with pessengers from Cali- fornia, for Europe and the United States, aad a very general feeling prevailed amongst the Amerie cans, that the Nicaraguan route would be gene- relly adopted when further faciliies of convey ere furniehed, a@ the sea voyege on the Paritie is so mach shortened, and the ex, so considerably leseened; 90 of Soest arrived at Greytown on the Sh of October, 30 of whom were conveyed ina eehooner to New Orleans, and 50 em! as tengrrs onthe Medway, to Chagres, where were transferred to the American steamer for New Youk at e of lawless violence which strikes © the foundation of government. If the law be un- cope that question must be settled by that tribunal w onenee to settle matters of this kind, to whose decision, as good citizens, and Tica tect a le'wkele tubes, bopties 9 general Ws, . J distrust of the good faith of the ‘of the free ‘States, to abide by the provisions of the compact Tue Last or Avury's Men.—Adonijah Maxtam, Soppored to be the last survivor of the band who accompanied hthen Allen in the bold experiment egainet Montreal, in Noy. 1775, died in Sharon, om the Zid nit, aged #7. The whole party were Cap tored, and ty on board a ship, with 88 others, in- cludirg Col. Allen.—New Haven Regrster,