The New York Herald Newspaper, December 14, 1850, Page 2

‘THE GREAT INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION OF i861, | Committe, in Septem ver, he Dkscription and Progress of the Building. RULES AND REGULATIONS, &e., &e., &e. The following deseription of the great building now being erected in Hyde Park, in London, for the great exhibition of the industry of all nations, we copy from the report of a meeting held in that etiy, on the 14th November last, at which Mr Paxton, the architect and designer, read a docu- ment trom which we make the following ex- tracts :— DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING. ‘The height of the centre aisle is sixty-four feet, the aisles forty-four feet, and the outside aisles, or story, twenty-four feet. The transept is 108 feet in height, and has been covered with a semi- circular roof, like that of the great conservatory at Chatsworth, in order to preserve the large elm trees opposite to Prince’s gate. The whole number of cast iron columns is 3,300, varying from fourteen feet six inches to twenty feet in length. There are 2,224 east and wrought iron girders, with 1,128 interme- diate bearers, for supporting the floors of the galle- ries over the large openings of the aisles. The irders are of wrought iron, and those for the gal- jeries are of cast iron. The fronts of the galleries are also supported by cast iron girders. The di- mensions of the building are 1,551 feet in length, and 456 feet in bread:h im the widest part. It co- vers, altogether, more than eighteen acres, and the whole is supported on cast iron pillars, uniled by bolts and nuts fixed to flanges turned perfectly true. and resting on concrete foundations. The total cubic contents of the building are 33,000,000 feet. ‘The six longitudinal galleries, twenty-four feet in width, running the whole length of the building, aad the four Wansverse ones, of the same dimensions, afford twenty-tive per cent adgitional exhibiting surface to that provided on the ground floor. This extra space is suited for the display of light mann- factured gooas, and will also give «complete view ofthe while of the articles exhibited, together with an extensive view of the interior of the build- ing. In order to give the roof a light aud graceful | appeerence, it is built on the ridge upd furrow priu- ciple, and glezed with British sheet glass, as previ- ously described. The rafters are continued 1a unia- terrupted lines the whole length of the building. way pegpegenc ag the nature in- creased public accommodation which the railwaye should agree to grant during the exhibition of 1851, and have assented to certwin re: most important of which are, that cormpeny shall afford every facility for ance and delivery of articles intended for the hibition, allowing adeduction of one halfof the raii- way charge to exhibitors. As regards the reduc- tion of fares they have resolved :— » GIFT TO THE EXHIBITION. ‘The Maharajah Goolaub Singh has sent down articles to Lakore to the value of £10,000, as a gift to the great Exhibition of 1851, and many of the petty chiefs around have followed his example. DEMANDS FOR SPACE, ETC. [From the Chronicle, November 22. A complete digest of the whole of the returns from the local committees of the United Kingdom having row been mude, it appears that the total of the demands for floor or counter space in the build- ing is upwards of 417,000 superticial feet, exceeding the amount of available space for the United King- dom, by about 210,000 superficial feet. ‘The amount of pak space, however, demanded, is only 200,000 superficial feet, and the quantity of that description of space yet available being very large, a consider- able proportion can be applied in favor of those ex- hibitors who are able to substitute vertical for floor or counter space, in respect of articles which other- wise could not be received for want of room. The term * wall” not only includes vertical or hanging space, but also affords the means for the erecuon ot upright ‘cases. It is highly desirable that the local committees should make this fact knowa to intending exhibitors, in order to prevent disappoint- ment as far as possible. The commissioners will be prepared to receive from the local committees any applications for additional wall space required, under these curcumsiances, for the exhibition of articles which may be approved by such commit- tees. The whole of the returns having been thus made up, the commissioners have proceeded to adjust the proportions of floor or counter space which it ap- peared desirable to thea that the four sections into which the exhibition should be divided, should oe- cupy in the building. This apportionment of space in the building into the four great sections, viz: rew materials, machinery, manufactures, and fiee arts, having been made, it became necessary to allet certain portions to each local committee. ‘The plan adopted by the commissioners in this process has been similar to that suggested a few days eince in our columns, and is thus described in ‘The trenusept portion, although covered by a semi- circular roof, 18 elso on the angular prineiple. All the reof end upright sashes being made by ma- | chinery, ere put together and glazed with great rapidity, for, being fitted and fimshed before they are brought to the place, litde more is required on the spot tnan to place the finished materials ia the pout msintended for them. The length of sa. Tr requisite, is two hundred and five mies. The a circular just issued by the commissioners :— “Upon the averages furnished by the whole | United Kingdom, aud obteined by dividing the total amount of space appoiuoned to each section by the number of exhibitors in that section, the commissioners, as a general rule, have allotted to each Jocal committee an amount of space ia each section, in proportion to the number of exhibitors | which bave been returned by each commitiee.”” quantity of glies required, is about nine hundred thousand feet, weighing upwards of four hundred tons. A!l round the lower tier of the building, however, will be boarded with fillets, planted on | in a perpendiculer line with the sash bars above. I have tried many experiments in order to find out the most suitable floors for the pathways ot horti- cultural structures. Stone is objectionable on Many acccounts, but chiefly oa accouut of the moisture and damp whieh it retains, which readers it uncomfortable, especially to those wearing thin | shoes. The difficulty of getting rid of the waste from the watermg of plants, is also an objection ; but, pervhaps, the greatest is the amount of dust from sweeping, Which always proves detrimental | to plants. [hkewise found that close boarding for pathways was open to many of the same objections as stone; for although dump or moisture was in part got rid of, yet still there were no means of in- mediately geting rid of dust. These various ob- jectiona lea me to the adoption of trellised wooden pathways, with spaces between each board, through which, on sweepig, the dust at once disappears, and falls into the vacuity below. Whilst the ac- complichment of this poxnt wes most important ia ylant-houres, I consider it doubly eo with respect | to the Industrial building, where there will be such an accumulation of various articles of deli- cate texture and workmanship, sprinkled wih water from @ moveable hand- epgme, Which wiil be er followed by a sWeepg mechine, consisting of many brooms fixed to un apparatus on light wheels, and drawn bya eheft. By this means a large portion of ground will be passed over in a very short space of time. inches broad, an inch-aud-a-half thick, laid haif am inch apart, on sleeper joiste, nine inches deep and three inches thick, placed four feet apart. The galleries will be laid with close boarding The Ventilation of the building has been most carefully considered. Four feet round the whole of the base- ment pert of the building is mage of louvre-board- ing; and at the top of each tier a similar provision of three feet is made, with power to add an addi- tional quantity if required; ip the centre aisle, also, the aié will be plenufally admitted = By ma- chinery the whole of this ventilation can be regu- lated with the greatest ease. In order to subdue the intense light in so large a building covered with lese, ali the south side of the upright parts, and whole of the angled roof, wiil be covered out- side with canvass or calico, s0 fixed as to allow a current of air to pass between the canvass and the roof. In very hot weather water may be poured on, which will very much assist in cooling the tem- rature withia. Provision will be made to use the ‘odian plan of ventilation, if the heat ig so intense as to render it desirable to have the temperature cooler than out of doors. From the side galleries, running the whole length of the building, there will be grend views of the and visiere be- low, whilst the transverse galleries in the middle and at the ends will afford ample means for general supervision, and will serve to communicate be- tween the side galleries. M ‘ing glasses, working on swivels, placed at short will jive additional facility fog &@ more per- A general view of the exhibition. INCREASE OF ACCOMMODATIONS, [From the London Times, Noy. 18 } In consequence of the ‘excessive demands for floor or counter space in the building, we under- stand that Her Majesty’s Commissioners at their Jast meeting resolved to authorize the erection of an Fey mone by which an increased area of about 45, superficial feet is obtained. By this imcreare the total exhibiting area of floor and counter space applicable to exhibitors of the United a ‘amounts to about 220,000 aout oe) but lorge as this amount is, itis hardly one-half the totai floor or counter space demanded. Torta- mately, the amount of ble hanging or wall epace is very considerable, and below the aggre- gate of the demands for it ; and thus exhibitors who are unable to obtain sufficient floor or counter space ‘will sti] have the means of exhibrting on the wall vertically. We believe that the demands which gre. were totalled LS gj late on Saturda amount to upwards of 420,000 superficial feet for floor or counter space, 200,000 superficial fee, jo space, and-were made by 8,200 proposed ex tors. mg In consequence of the inconveniences occasioned to the progress of the works by the admission of visiters, Lier Majesty's Commissioners have re- solved the issue of cards for admission shall be continued. At the same time the admission of vi- titers is not abrolutely prohibited, but a charge of five shillin ly with a view of discouraging applications. Any funds which may arise from source will be applied to a sick and accideat fund for the workmen The Bishop of London has appointed a committee to consider what measures should be taken to pro- vide foreigners and other strangers with the means of attending divine worship during the period of the approsching exhibition. The committee held their first’ meeting on,Friday last, at the office of the Metropolie Charches Fund. PROGRESS OF THE BUILDING, RTC. [From the Chronicle, Nov. 18 During the past week the works att in Hye Pork have not proceeded so raidly ae they would otherwise have done, in constquence of the Materials not arrivin; sufficient quantities from the founderies, and, consequence, the number of men employed not so large as in the ceding week, the number being on Friday 1,670. The reduction which has been made hae been principally in the laborers, the artisans being still constantly employ ad on Saturday upwards of £2,000 was paid in wages to the men. The work is at present directed more to the completion of that part of the building of which the frame has already been put together, than to the exien- sion of the framework iteelf. The glazing of the | roof proceeds with great ity, And & considera- De purmber of the upright side lights have beea fixed in the second tier of building. The eryetal palace In Hyde-parh, proceeds repid- cryeta ce in Hyde-par! ls rap: The work is carried on steadily at either end, by workmen arranged io gangs, three on each side, and a large gevg in the centre. To any one who ” the rr rowth of the hage ot Kicat 2,000 men are _ at work, ‘markable order preserv: simplici regularity with which we hee is seanmerh d attreet the attention a: of the vititer. One of the most iatei features is | that supplied by the way in wi the glaziers carry on their business. ith their tools and im whior plemente they are mounted on @ fe wheels running in the gutters of the nd valley roof, an ‘hue the long sheets of glace are eafely consigned to their places with as toniehing celerity, Some of the platforms have even hoods placed over them, beneath which the riers ean carry on (heir operations uninterrupted Before sweeping | the floors of the great building, the whole will be | The boards for the floor wili be nine | night, | for each person will be made, pur- | be building | | Asin many cases the amount of space demanded by a jocal committee has been inevitably reduced | by this arrangement, and as it is essential in every case, that only taese articles which do bonor to our industrial skill as a nation should be admitted, | it becomes indispensable that some selection should | be made, and it is most necessary that this should be done in such a menoer as to represent the indus- | uy of the district wukh perfect fairness, and do the | fullest credit to ite induririal position. Tne com- Wiseioners state that it will be quite impossible for them to send @ sufficient number of persons pos | seseed of technical kaowledge to decide on the | merus of the various articles of the manufacturing districts, and they rely, therefore, onthe local com- mittees for the proper distribution of the aggregate | space allotted to them. SELECTION OF ARTICLES, ETC. With respect to the selection of the articles, the commictioners state— * They are prepared to recognise merit in what- ever form it may present itself, and are prepared to look for it in the cheapest fabric, if distinguished as | being superior in its class, as in the highest forms | of artisue excellence. The success of the exhibi- tion, and the appreciation of our industrial products by the world, will, toa great extent, depend upon the manner in which the commuttees distribute the space allotted to them. Articles possessing noae of the peculiar merits already indicated Would be detrimental to this manifestation of industrial skill. In the hands of the local committees, therefore, | the commissioners leave with perfect confideace the credit of their respective districts.” ADMISSION OF ARTICLES, ETC. The early decision of the commissioners with respect to the admission of articles, and the distri- bution of prizes, which will be perused wi terest by intending exhibitors, are as follow: “In the department of r. duce, for. instance, prizes will be awarded upon a consideration of the value and importance of the article, and the superiorexcellence ef the particular specimens exhibited; and in the case of prepared matenals, coming under this head of the exhibition, the junes wil e into account the novelty a tepportence of the prepared prods ‘our rior ekill and ingenuity manifested in the process of preperation. “ : “ In the department of machinery, the prizes will be given with reference to noveity in the inveation, superiority in the €xecution, increased efficiency, | or increased economy, in the use of the article ex- hibited) The importance, in a social or other point of view, of U urposes to which the article 1s to be applied, will also be taken into considera- tion, as will also the amount of the difficulties overcome in bringing the invention to perfection. **In the department of manufactures, those arti- cles will be rewarded which fulfil in the highest degree the conditions specified in the sections! list, viz.: increased usefulness, such as perma- nency in dyes, improved forms and arrangement in articles of utility, &c. Superior quality, or su- perior skill in workmanship. New use of kaown materials. Use of new materials. New combina- tions of materials, asin metals and pottery. Beauty of —- in form, or color, or both, with reference to utility, Cheapness, relatively to excellence of production. the plastic art, the rewards will have reference to the beauty and originality of the epecimens ex- hibited, to improve: 6 the processes of pro- duction, to the grt of art to manufactures, | and, in the case of models, to the interest attach- ing to the subject they represent. GUIDE TO LOCAL COMMITTEES, ETC. Copies of the applications for and allotments of space have been forwarded to each local commit- | tee, with the following instructions for their gui- | dance in the selection and rejection of articles for exhibition: - | “The local committees will proceed to give the | allotments of space, and to examine the applica- tions, with great deliberation. Shouldthe local committees teel authorized in allocating space to | articles which either are not yet completed or which they have not personally examied, they | will doeo only with a tall confidence in the eha- | recter and manufecturing skill of the intending | producer, and with the entire conviction that the article, when finished, will be peculiarly worthy of exubition. The commissioners rely that all in- | quiries will have been duly made, and that the local committees will be fully satisfied before they die give their vouchers fer the admission of the artucles. | These vouchers will be considered as tantamount | to their unqualified apprebation of the articles, and will entitle the ariicles to admission to the build- | ing. Should the commitiee desire to call in the | aid of competent persons, not being membere, they are, of course, at liberty to do eo. “Although the commissioners have made definite | allotments of space to the local committees, it will | still rest absolutely with the discretion of each to | determine whether they will admit the present ap- plicants, and whether they will reduce or increase the space demanded by exch applicant. la no case must a local commi'tee increase the amount of the total allotted to it by the commissioners. The local committees have full power, without any further | someones to the commessioners, should they be diveatiefied, on further investigation, with the cha- racter or excellence of the works already returned by them to the commissioners, to ‘tien any | part of the epace alio:ted to them to other exhibitors | then those who may have sent im demands before the 31st of October. “Ip order to provide for the T ion of articles in the building a# e000 as they shall arrive, | it is obviouely necessary that the places for large pe of articles ehall be fixed before any are sdmitted, and Fo far as is couristent with this ne- cessity, it has been the desire of the commissioners fo give the utmost latiiude of time to enable the local committees to meke due inquiries into tae finesse of articles for exhibition; and the comm tionere have, therefore, appomwted eo late a day a the 10th December, as the last on which veuchers can porsibly be received; so that there will be an | interval of some time during which it will be in the power of the local committees, to whom space | it allotted, to consider the best distribution of it in every way. At the seine time, as soon as a local committee has positively filled up or cancelled any application for space, the oommissionera request it it mey be immediately returned to them, and not delayed until December 10. “ The commissioners do not propose in any case | to inqvire into eny differences of opinion, should any ariee, respecting the amount of space which the local committees mey allot to individual exbi- biters; and the commissioners only propose to ex- ercise the powers of rejection and selection, which they have reserved to themerlves, to the extent of ecele that no articles yan | to the decisions have been inadvertently peseed by any local com- mittee. At the same time, if any productions shall a Since the meeting of the representatives of the sctropolitan railway companies and the Executive eve pore eee a, roe, SOD ES 20 e them shall decire agplact the deelston, it will be for himn to ress the commissioners the local committer, who will forward the with their own obeer- vations, to the rs; and the commue- sioners, upon consideration of the circumstances, will then decide whether the be examined emt. Pee With the view of providing the] tiomof duplicate articles of manufacture, the’ com- missioners, in cases where duplicaios say hav bee admatted by different local co! “Ta the department of sculpture, models, and rejected articles under appeal mene es inst the exhibi- mmittees, wi ‘upon the exhibitors of such duplicates to pro- duce & certificate from the actual makers, staling which of the exhibitors has arranged with the maker to be proprietor of the absolute and exclusive right of sale and distribution of such article, and the welerence ‘of admission will be given to that exhibitor who is the sole proprietor. Perhaj local committees may think it advisable to similar regulation. The local co: wil doubtless be sensible of the importance of taking care not to admit either unnecessary duplicates o! any machine or article, or machines or articles having only very unimportant diflerences, espe- cially when such erticles are large.” AMUSEMENTS AT THE GREAT PAIR. [From the Chronicle, Nov. 19.) It would appear that the opportunity afforded by the Exhibition will not be lost sight of by the lov- ers of our national games and amusements. We have already stated the arrangements which are in i for a great chess game to be played at the olytechnie Institution. A suggestion has now been made, that as the great Exhibition is likely 10 draw thousands of persous to the nating, a first-rate cricket match should be played at Lord’s; as, for instance, the elevens to be composed of the finest players in England (Kent and Sussex against all Englend.) PRICES OF GOODS, AND THE QUALITIES FOR WHICH JHEY ARK EXHIBITED. A cotreepondence hes recently taken place be- tween the royal commissioners and the Prussian commission, in relation to the prices of goods, and the quelites for which they are exhibited, which will be interesting to the American le. The following is an extrect from a letter addressed to the Prussian cemmission:— i ‘The arguments advanced by youin favor of au- thonizing the effixieg of prices to the articles ex- hibited, have received the maturest consideration on the part of her mejesty’s commissioners, who are fully sensible of the great importance of the subject, and whore decision respecting it has only been actuated by their earnest desire to adopt such course xe might, upon the whole, appear best cal- culated to promote the objects of the exhibitien. Ia the communication which they have elready ad- dressed to you on the subject, they have explained the reasons which guided them in their decision, but the Prussian commission would appear to be scarcely aware of the great importance which her majesty’s commissioners themselves attach to the element of price in estimating the relative merit of the articles exhibited, it being distinctly provided that the juries should take it iuto consideration in moking their awards. 4 At the same time every wish is felt on their part togive to each exhibi'or the benefit to be derived by him from the knowledge on the part of the pub- lie of the cheapness of the articles exhibited by him. They feel, however, as Ukey have already intimated, that by allowing the affixing of the ac- tual prices to the articles themselves, they should be making themselves responsible for the accuracy of those prices in all instances, und they would not consider themselves warranted ia assuming this reeponsibility in the case of an exhibition of the productions of al! the nations in the world, however perfect may be the machivery in an individual ceuntry, hke Prussia, for ensuring that accuracy, and for preventing the liability to deception. But her Majesty’s Comm mers authorize the at- tachment of @ notice hose goods, of which the merit consists in the low price at which try cen be produced, to the effect that they are exhibited for cheapness, and they have made it a condition that all pereons making this claim must send the prices in en invoice to the Commissioners, who will in- struct the juries to make this an esseatial element in the determination of their awarda. They trust that the knowJedge of this fact may suffice to dis- pel the fears of those intending exbibitros in the States of the Zoll-Verein who conceive that the merit Of their articles in this respect might not be properly appreciated. Jn the sume manner authority is given in all cases to attach a notice to the articles exhibited, i the peculiar qualities for which gthey as for example:— for beauty of design ; “ for beauty of design and excellence of Mmenvfacture ; Exhibited for increased usefulness ; Exhibited for superior skill in workmanship ; Exhibited for new combinations of materials ; or, in short, for whatever may be the qua! that will bave ‘to be taken into conmderation by the juries in meking their awards, and which are de- tailel in the printed decisions of the Commis- sioners. ‘We are further directed to state, in reply to your abndge, cousolidate, and cheapea law ‘We say nothing here of the reforms that are re- quired in | ice ; but those whose at- tention has bee: ly directed to that most per- plexing sul act wisely if, in common with the commissiot of the common law, they study with care the of civil jure ew York, and attend to the very valuable testimony in its favor, which was farnished by Mr. Dudiey Field, to the Law Amendment Society, at the begi of this week, and which was published in our columns on TTueaday last. The history of that code is very remarkable. Up to the year 1847, the courts of justice in the State or New York, mo- deiled upon those of Great Britain, were divided into courts of law and courts of equity; and in these respective courts, separate systems of pro- cedure prevailed, not unlike those existing in this country, and open to the same objections. At common law, technicality, quibbliag, aad hap. practice were permitted, a8 in Westminster Hal to defeat substantial justice; while the Court of Chancery, encumbered with the machinery of the Masters’ Offices, and embarrassed by written in- terrogatories, Was utterly swamped with the accu- mulation and the sin of a father in bringing was there vieited, as with us, upon the children unto the third and fourth generations. The door, too, of both classes of courts, but especially that of equity, was closed to all suitors who had not taken the advice of Iago, and put money in their purse, - At length the abuses reached euch a pitch that the people would submit to them no longer, and a convention was appointed to revise the constitu- tion of the State. The legislative body met ia 1847; and, stimulated by the advice of Mr. Field, who four years before had drawa up an able paper, sketching the rough outline of the reforms required, they determined that the Court of Chancery should be abolished; that one supreme tribunal should be created to admunister all the laws of the land, whe- ther at law or in equity ; that the ferms of action and pleading at commen law should be abandoned, and that in their place one uniform system of pro- ceeding in all cases, whether of equitable or of legal cognizence, should be adopted, and that testimoay should be taken, whenever the witnesses were with- in the juriediction of the State, viva voce. Three commissionere—Messrs. Loomis, Graham, and Field—were immediately instructed to carry out these alterations, and their first recommendatieas were presented in in l’ebraary, and beeame law in July, 1848. By this portion ot the code, the differ- ent forms of action and pleading were abolished, the distinction between legal and equitable reme- dies was removed, apd one uniferm and simple course of procedure for ali kinds of actions and suits was established. Additional portions of the code were prepared and passed during the year 1849, and on the last day of that year the commissioners closed their labors. Their final suggestions been adopted by the State, but those provisions ip the code, which compel the viva voce examipnuon of witesses, and enable pat tothe record to examine their opponents on oath, have been for a considerable time in active operation, and they have met, if we can place reliance on Mr. Field, with sigoal success. Such are some of the leading principles embodied in the code of New York; ond although the evidence of Mr. Field in its favor should of course be received with some distrust—for, being the parent of the measure, he must regard it with a parent’s eye— yet those who heard him on Monday night explain end illustrate its practical operation, and who noted the masterly end clear, yet modest manner in which, while admitting i's imperfections, he pointed out the benefits resulting from it, can scarcely fail to have left the meeting with a firm persuasion that the State of New York had achieved 'y great work. Indeed, the best proof of the subsiantial merits of this remarkable production is found in the fact stated by Mr. Field, that it has piney been copied, either wholly or in great pari, by the States of Missouri, California, and Mississippi— while conventions for adoptiog it are on the point of being held in Kentucky, Iowa, Tenessee and Manmohisctis. We may add, that ove of the ablest judges in America, who has himself administered the law under the code from the time of its first edoption, does not hesitate to aseert that the leading principles embodied in it are suchas nogevernment which has once adopted them, will ever relinquish ; and that the provisions for abo! ne the distinction between law aud equity, end for annibilating the different forms of action st common law, are—with, perhaps, here and there a single, if not a singular, exception— — by the entire judiciary and bar of New ork. In thus drawing the attention of the public to the praiseworthy exertions of American law re- formers, we do not mean to recommend that all the principles of the New York code, and particu- larly thet one which breaks down the barrier between legal and equitable clai should be hastily adopted on this side of the tic. The inquiry upen the subject, that the existing regula- tions of the commissioners do not prevent the nts of exhibitors from ending te Vielte on ei q tion the merit thelr request, ab exes sibject to the pro- visions embodied in the fourteenth published de- cision of the Commissioners for preventing & parture from the legitimate objects of the exhibi- tion; end we may point out that a further means of publicity is accessible to all exhibiters by meene of advertising their goods at their own ex- pense in the unofficial part of the catalogue that will be published. But it is obvious that in these cases the commissioners cannot be considered as in any way making themselves responsible for the accuracy of the announcements givea. DECISIONS ALLUDED TO IN THR LETTER TO TUE PRUGSIAN MINISTER. Should any exhibitor desire to employ a servant of hi ‘in (o preserve or keep in order the articles he exhibits, or to explain them to visiters, he may do so after obtaining permission from the com- missioners. Such persons, however, will in all cases be forbidden to invite visiters to hase the goods of their employers, the ‘exhibition b jag in- tended for the purposes of display only, not for those of sale; any violation of this or any other rule must lead to their exclusion from the build- ing. Prices are notto be affixed to the articles ex- hibited, although the articles may be marked as shown for economy of production. But, cost at which articles can be produced will in some cases enter into the ion of the distribu- tion of rewarde, the commissioners, or the persons entrusted with the adjudication of the rewards, may have to make inquiries, and possibly to evidence upon the subject; still they do not sider it expedient to » price to articles or ed. When the exhibitor considers the merit article to consist in its cheapness, and founds a claim on this ground, he must state the price in the invoice sent to the commissioners. ‘The Kew Code of New York Ga English ° Point of View }From the Lowden Chronicle, Nov. 22) Of all social reforms, the amendment of the law is that which is most ardently coveted by the pre- sent generation. The frightful injustice that is per- petrated by the technicalities of the common law; the ruinous and heart-breaking delays which are occasioned by the cumbrous ings in equity; the manifold and manifest abuses which are engen- dered by the obsolete forms, the exclusive privi- leges, 1! ‘ism, and the “ mummeries” of our ecclesi courts ; these are, one and all of them. toyicswhich no man can undertake to die cuss in public without finding himself surrounded by vn approving end anesger audience. Whether the evils of the existing ryetem of law be calmly expored, or wisely censured, or conte uously denounced, or playfully ridiculed—whether the artist be @ Romilly, a Brougham, a Phillimore, or a Dickens—the language of condemnation, be it grave or *y or lively or severe, cannot fail to be Sreehocd throvghout the length and the breadth of the lend. The wise and the feolistr, the eauti- cus and the rash, the thoughtful and the thought- Jess, are mekirg in thie matter one common cause; and, being «il iaterested in the subject of law re- form—for who is there living that has not suffered from the ex abuses '—ihey are raising one opt and unmistekeable that something must done, end that, too, quickly. It is impossible to examine the statute book for the last few years, or even to review the proceedings of the ture during the Jast session Alone, without foreib'y etruck with the prominent position which has been aworded, as it were by universal consent, to the evbject of law reform; and if comi evects ever do cast their shadows before, we snal incur no rick of being denounced as false te vf we venture to predict, that-—eo far at least as the cemmon law rules of procedure, and d pleading, and evidence are conespued— 2 end radical, but withal most salutary sngee are athand. The commissioners appointed { summer by the goverament to investigate ud repor’ bjecte, are, unless we Ue inclined were they 10 do #0, they would find it no easy atter, in the present state of the public mind, to rotten omy by « few alterations in al boliah forme of action, to admit " to the record as witnerses for and the meelves, to prohibit or grently restrain special demurrers for mere formal defects, to entitle par- facta to suntbaite, the, general ilove, and perma to enn general issue, ber of replieation# to a plea, to put a stop any ow wai mas Rape Fads paway m arrest an ndgment nom obstante ; ahotish the antiquated forme of auditd roid See ford of ail neadlees verbiage, of law to enforee the her courts fusion of law and equity might Page in this country, work confosion. a tl subject we express, for we have formed, no decided opinion. But what we do ventum with confidence to re- commend is, that the ‘code of New York should be carefully and candidly examined by such persons re competent to form an opinion on its merits ; and that those portions of the work—and they are, doubtless, many—which challenge and deman: unbhesitating approval, should be embodied without delay in the law of this land. Our French Correspondence. PARIS FASHIONS FOR THE WINTER 1850-51. Pants, Nov. 21, 1851. Cot ffures —\Head-dresses — Bonnets — Mantillas — Opera Cloaks—Dresses for Girls and Boys—Cos- twme of Gentlemen, §c. The first frost has inaugurated the winter season, and, a few days after, the fashions for winter made their appearance. There will be, this year, a splendid displey of toilets in Paris. The millisers and dressmakers have prepared the prettiest styles seen for the last twenty years. The richest goods will be used. In a word, everything leads one to believe that the gay season of 1850 and 61, will be marked in the anals of the beau monde ‘The most celebrated houses of the capital of France, who are renowned for their bon goit, have already made their exhibitions for the season, and, in a long visit I have made to the principal of them, L have taken veveral notes, which will, | hope, be interesting for the pretty readers of the New York I will page with the coiffures, those ch riens, which are often giving the last touch to a lovely face. It is well known that Paris is the pices, excellence, for the most delicate of arti- Ce I wend el aacent ae bewitch- ing coiffures, composed of a wine wah gold foliage, twisted with a crimson velvet ribbon, oo on the two sides in jong tassels; then a head-dress, called la Jean Taques, com- Fete of peresches and wild roses, adorned with ‘aves of violets, of a bright pecans next, a wreath of rovebuds entwined to ovk fruits and leaves, and thus meaning “the beauty and the 3” and, poe A oom of roses, twisted with pen- ties, and velvet . There are also map: other head-dresses, composed of flowers of a fanck- ful style, the folisge of which is made with satin. The ig for hair-dressing, this season, is much simplified. Though every person arranges the hair ina fashion which suits her face and com- plexico, | must say that the “ waving boudeaux” are the ne plus witra of elegance. The ringlets, & Ja revigné, are also very well portes, and very coming to the fair and brunettes. ‘The bonnets are made of velvet, and though one of white satin is always the highest mark of bon gout, the ope of blue, maroon, and green vel- vet, trimmed with black lace, are now the most worn by the belles of Paris. Theirstyle is wide on the edge, and the made round, taking the forms of = 9 by ay Semnete, ase ware ehiee ¢ ladies who nade on or by thore who have Gahan on aoe dae . +1 have seen a chapeaw de soirée, made with satin velvet, ornamented with ostrich feathers of the geme color, which was much admired by the ladies, The mantillas so necessary during this cold eeason, will be much varied. The materiale of which they are made are velvet and cloth. The fort material.is employed with furse—aad, by the bye, the ma: and zibeline skins ere the tip top of elegance. Their style is also loose around the seat ih large sleeves also trimmed with fur. The cloths (camarillas) are also made loos, in the shape of a sack, and they are trimmed with pas sementeries of assorted colors, black upon black, }, maroon maroon, ete ‘8 for balla soirées are also very have seen several made with blue jush, Me drab color lark blue, oe ae a with crimson, blaek green rimmed scarlet. overdresse: trimmed with woollen | able Jooe, terpecad ltemed nthe a imme the sa 5 The trent of the overdress is made “with fevers, bich, like the frock te of which, rf “Mg & gentleman, may be buttoned ‘The or Dubarry, are stamped with finest dresses I saw at the first per- of a an oe by Mrs. ly, from New York, form of a V in front and behind; but each part covering the shoulders was tied to the other by ribbons of satin, arranged in bousonnés having in the centre of their song a small rosette similar to that of the shirt. That dress was much re- marked by the conmaisseurs and the lovely head which wore it had also a part of that admiration. The robes for the day time, eitherfor or visits, are made of yee aes satin, maroon cashmere, stripped alpacas ei style is high necked and they are trimmed with back woolen lace in front of the boddice and the it. One of the prettiest women of Paris, Mile. Bras- sine, who has the reputation of dressing in the new- est style, and to give ton, either at her theater (she is the pensionnaire of the Theatre Montantier) or in the city, wore the other night, in oae of her a dress which produced such a fine effect that I must deseribe it. It was made of a drab co- lored silk, striped with the same color, a little darker. The skirt was adorned with three volants, and the boddice tight and high necked; the only Ornaments upon the dress consisted of a large quan- tity of éfités of the same color as the silk, which were sewn horizontally en the sleeves, from the elbow to the wrist, and each volant was bordered with a double rank of é/ités. y dresses of wilette meglige are made, with a sort of redingate armure, ing very much like a long waistcoat, a la Washington. This 13 quite fashionable; but [ fear it will soon begin to be much seen on the back of people of low classes. The little girls are dressed about in the same style as their mothers. Any how, @ pretty toilette of a French * Miss,” consists of a dress of enh yo line, green color, striped with dark blue. The ‘ice is high necked, and plaited around the bo- som. The sleeves are made large, aud always ac- companied with undersiceves of muslin, trimmed with lace. The skirt is made short, and they are worn upon a wide pantaloon of white linen, trim- med with lace. The gaiters afe of green lasting, with toes of patent leather. The bonnet is of white atin, and some are made of velvet éping/é, either ink or nazarine blue. The boys are much dressed also like gentlemen, with the exception that they wear short pantaloons, and also short frock coats, a small eap of black velvet, or a hat with large brim, trimmed with a gauze and atassel, Such is the style of a well-bred young boy from four to sixteen years. Fancy costumes for children are out of season, and those who are dreased ether as Highlanders, or Tyroleans, are considered as sons of parvenss. The gentlemen have adopted, for this season, a new style cf dressing, which must also be de- ecribed:—The frock coats are made with long waist and short skirt; they are either of black, or maroon and green color: the dress coats are al- ways black, or blue--the first with silk, the second with gilt buttons—but both of them have loag waists and round skirts. They are much opened in front, in order to show the waistcoat and the embroidery of the shirt. The pantaloons, for negligé, are made with the largest Scotch plaid ever worn; three equares on each leg is generally the pattern employed by the fishionable tailors. Some other pantaloons are of gray color,with a large dark crimson band on the side; they are gen- eraily tight to the legs, and cut ronad on the boot. The style of overcoxts is either loose, or tight te the body; the first are made of a pilot cloth with long hair, either of green, or dark blue color; the latier are made of dark maroon beaver cloth, with | paremens on the sleeves, and a large quantity of pockets on all the sides. These two styles must considered as thi plus ultra of fashion. The hats are made with a high form, and large brim turned round on the edge; the beavers are the most fashionable this year, and the spring hate, ala Gibus, much worn in the parties and at the theatres. Several Scotch plaids have made their appear- ance on our boulevards. They are worn by the first classes of society. B. H.R. ‘The Theatres in Paris. Since the revolution ef 1848, the theetres in Paris have had a hard combat to preserve their equilibri- um. In most instances they have fought well, and have not been — although ruin stared them in the face. The last two summers have tried their resources to the utmost, and that the greater number of them are still in vigorous action isa of more than ordinary courage and talent on the part of the respective managers. A recent proceeding of the Minister of the [aterior, more- sy orem the oe a =~ theatres, augmenting a tax al meey too vais the per a the otly for we percentage on nig! receip's for the benefit of the ‘in the most crous time only 12 per ject wap veneten afer tha tovo- lution o! to less than halt, by the reigaing go- vernment, anxious to keep the theatres opea at any 3 . » however, has tound occa- sion to raise it once more to 8 percent. This step bas led toa general outery on the part of the theatres, supported by the unanimous voice of the press and the verdict of public opinion. The direc- tors have obtained an interview with M. Baroche, who, we are given to understand, listened with a favorable ear to their protest, and promised to re- consider the affair. At the present hour, when the theatres have just come out, enfeebdled and ex- hausted, from a desperate struggle, any fresh im- ees adds heavil ee their bor nenge Vy ao iT position more hopeless. That aroche may rescind his late resolution is the universal ‘There are no less than twenty theatres open in Paris. The Academie Nationale de Musique, (as Republnues Cor Comedie Franguise) the ‘Overs epublique, (or pn ae =e the Theatre des Naltoos, _ ; cipals, receive from government a subvention, whiek relieves them of at least one-third of their expenses. The Odeon, or second Comedie Fran- gaise, is also, we believe, assisted in a similar man- ner. The ‘nt of these estabiishments de- pends upon the a; of the government, which, im case ~* the re ot _ a director, oe power of sanctionivg or re} ing any individual proposed as successor. As these fneatres are na- meee from national Nousty, uh 1s regulation i ns nal nty, euch a just and reasonable. The Comedie Frangaise is corporate association of artists, who have nomin: salaries, and are paid pro rata, according to e | he director of the Academie de —— M. Nestor lan; of the Come- die . Arsene Hloussaye; of the Coera Comique M. Perrin; ot the Odéon, M Altaroche ;" and of the Italiens, Mr. Lumley, who has been ited successor to Signor Ron- coni, by the of the Minister of the Laterior. The theatres next in rank are the Vaudeville, Va- netés, Ch Drematique. kand of pieces prod at the first two are evident from their namee—mosic, however, forming, pene Jap nd Lee oa ye pase, w by the celebrated actress Rose Chéri, who is married to M. Monsigny, the director, a variety of domestic melodrama 4 the staple entertainment. The Theatre Montansier (or Pal ge ere te devoted to farce of the broadest aed, while the Porte St. Martin, the stage of the chief triumphs of Frederic Lemaitre, provides the Le | five act melodrama, with its lavish Fpec- tacle and stirring incidents, to which, by the way, our ancient Coburg bore some resem! in its Imy days. The Gaité furnishes much the same ind of entertainment as the Varietés, though of an inferior kind; and, on the other hand, the Am- bigu Mog (in ite of ite name) emulates the Porte St. Martin i rrote. Theatre National, ie ol tne aa “Cin ¢ site of the ancient Ci a ort of Astley’ k dciphe Adem, 1p)» was opened in 1847 by composer, as the Opera Na- tional, or third lyric theatre. His sade tae pro- fessedly the encoursgement of young musicians of talent, to whom the doors of the Academie and the Opera Comique were closed; but, after bringin, gut one three act opera (* Gasiilbelza,”’ by Maillart), with success, M. Adam confined the repertoire to revivals of the old French writere, com! with works from bis owa pen, which had eleewhere obtained but equivocal suc- cres The consequence was failure. The Opera National wes ehut up, and after a long in! re- devil s opened with and petites comedies, inter- maugled with music by the band cfone ot the re; ments of the line. The Folies Drematiques, and Delesee mens: (where “Kobert Macai was firet », form, with the Gaite already 4, @ cluster of three emall ‘tres all near to eh other. of shortfarces and comedier, of the Paulde Kock school. The Funarmbules, another minor theat lower entertainment of the same order ood = The litle thea bourg wd Comte, those of the Batig- nolles andthe Monti artre, are aiso chiefly devoted to the amusement of ‘ne bas peuple. At Comte are to be seen harlequins, saltumbangues, and con- jurers. The Theatre iis orique, one of the largest ie at present cloved, M. Alexandre Darn as waa withdrawa from the maw nent. Here ‘ere firet produced the revolutionary melodram vw, in whieh Melingue made his tation, one of hich was atrempt: d at ta Troe ofan opposition but Title erealtante to he te lieh a and who shonld have, on above petty and conte: hh * lousien. “Here. alg originated the peeales ont « Movrit, poor ta ” the modern © Mars}: lniee,” wi ‘ed #0 conspicuous a part in the Sones Py of ee the effects of which ty ‘atres, 88 than the other in- ch capital, * : under new Pee: enee, all there is re isan audi- , and - times otros. whee volta cota. sions are ata sscoue> y all prosper, 1 conducted. Not one of them but ideoerves a Visit from the inquiring stranger, anxious to observe 3 mney the manners, customs, and peculiarities of a mighty city, to whose vast and ion a great variety of amusementsis not so ya lux- ury as an actual necessity. To the de- sirous of becoming acquainted with the Parisian theatres two advantages present themselves—the exceeding cheapness of the prices of admission, and the near proximity of the houses toeach other. From the Rue Lepelletier, where the Academie de Musique stands, to the Boulevard du T: where - no less than six theatres, beginning the His- torique and endiwg with the Fugumbules, appear a'most in an uninterrupted row—withea short ex- cursion, down the Kue Choiseub to. the Italiens, another down the Rue Richelieu to the Comedie Francaise, and a third dowa the Ivue Vivenne to - the Vaudeville—every theatre of importance in Eariepanpapt the Odeon, waich is on the other side of Water, pear the of the x= embourg, may be viewed in an hour's stroll, the two extremities, the Boule Ita- liens and the Boulevard du ‘Temple beiag divided by litle imore than a mile’s - A stranger, who knows nothing of the town, only to find outthe Boulevards, that glittering suc- cession of streets, the pride of Paris and the envy of other cities; in whrehever direction he may trace his steps he cannot be long without uae upon a theatre, and its pendent café, brilliant wit! mirrors and lustres, busy with life and movement. When it is added that, except the des lta liens, which has its ordioary season from Oetober to March, ali these places are open to the public the whole year round, the reputation of axe. city of out-of-door amusements may be rea ac- counted for. That any combination of untoward circumstances should stop this flow of innocent end delightful recreation is deeply to be deplored; and the signs of improvement lately diseernible must be hailed with unmitigated satisfaction. Among the theatrical incidents most worthy of attention at the preseat moment, are the perfor- mances of Mademoiselie Madeleine Brohan aad Medemoiselle Rachel, on alieraate nights, at the Comedie Frangaise; Dejazet, who attracts erowde tothe Vaudevilie; the aciing of Aroa!, ia au amu- sing extravagnoza called ** Le Supplice de §Tua- tale,” at the Varietés, which pightly fills the thea. tre to overflow; the * Propheie,” with Mada Viardot, and the grand ballet of the “ Fuleale des Fees,” at the Academie de Musique; and the bril- liant vocaliz«tion of Madaine Ugaide at the Opacu Comique, the successful new opera of * Le Songe dune Nuit a’Ete,” the rausic of which, by M. Ambroise Thomas, one of the cleverest of the young Freneh composers, is well worth a heal q although the piece, wherein Shakespeare is made the lover, and Felstefl the faend, of Queen Eliza, beth, is only redecmed from utter absurdity by the admuireble acting of M. Coudere, as the Bard of al? Time. Mlle Madeleine Brohan, sister of the talented Augustine Brohan, and danghter of the famoug Mademe Brohon, the Mrs, Giuver of the Frenct: stage, in the last new come dy of the prolific Scribe (“Les Contes de Ja Reine de Navarre”), has been lavishly praised by the fewilletonistes, with M. Jules Janin at their head, who strove to make it appear in their firet notices that the young deMutante wae destined to dethrone Mademoiselle Rachel herself. The triumphant reatrée of that sub- lime tregedian, however, eas Camille ia “ Horecee,” after a brilliant tournée in Austri and Prussia, et once arrested these exaggerated predictions, and perhaps rendered an essenual ser- vice to Mademoicetic Madeleine Brohan hereelt, who ran the risk of being rumed, at the outset of her career, by the indiscriminate flattery of her admirers. his young lady has, nevertheless, much promise, and itis not wo, much to say, that the French stage has gained a new actressin her person. She tall and handsome, with a very ex- pressive physiognomy, aod an ease of it astonishing im one who now for the lime treads the boards. She has plenty of fi and deep toned voice, the entire man OF which she has yet to acquire, dark fi eyes poe ogg to excellent purpose, and a vivacity of delivery, which, in short epigrammatic sentences, tell with remarkable eflect. Herage is stated to be under eighteen, but her frame being om: she looks much older on the stage. She would do well to be less prodigal in the application of white and rouge, which da:nege rather than enhance the han, by Alexander Defai with the following couple “Nous pouvons annoncer a la France, etonnee! “ Une coquette nous est née.” atthe uette we leave M. Jules Janin, who cites thie i x23 ac cou Mademoiselie Madeleine be seen in another part than of Navarre before preteni reat promise there can be ittle doubt; but mack more must be eflected ere she can establish her just title othe inordinate eul md the press. py Mademoiselle Temains, anc is likely to remain, without « peer, in epite of M. Jules Janin, who was the first to acknowledge h pedestal from w! sense against him, pert of Fides, whieh none more than her most ardent and mirets, gave a new interest to Meyerbeer’s t fortunes of the "Academic work, and sustained the during the absence of Madame Viardot. that moiselle Alboni has left Theater d’Orient in Madrid, and pores z 5 FI Hi rf Hails : i he ’ eres that all is going on steadily de .”" From the Opera Comique anew “fe bo gglp sy preparat eth to the Varietée, or ove of the melodramatic to overlook the details of another of his How he finds time to invent, and to to compose, and having out, or dictate to . 7 he bas lin EH an amanuensis, the various work simultaneously on hand, is sufficiently puzzle, without taking into account the hours y ~~ Nyhy = ty cr = Ag epee aad sleep. pas, it popular saying, but it cannot be accepted literally. a Certeinly he is the most gifted, of dramatic authors. nothing to him. It a fact worth noting, that Scribe made his a asa writer at the Opera Comique, in 1813, with “La Chambre i Coucher,”” Qn opera set to music by M. Guente, aad that Auber made bis firet essay as a composer in the same year, at the same theatre, with the one-act gare of “ Le Sejour Militaire,” the libretto by M. illy. Both operas were unsuccesful, and both are now forgotten, together with MM Ga-Guaénee and Bouilly. It would have been more Satisfactory had M. Guenee co) the music of M. Bouilly’s ploos, and Auber that of Scribe. Had it been so, ‘one of the two is—we need hardly say which— might still have been remembered.) Steam Navigation om the Pacific. [From the London Times, Nov. 21) We — roy arrai Giuded between the Royal Mail Ste Company and the United States Mail Steam Oe Com: pany, ‘ance of evre dand the per porte a pi rate: Panama. We have since been placed in posses- sion of the precise terms of 1 which are of comelderable fenmeet tt by pp oy and Californian mic ter the let Mail Steam Pscket Company will book vasmegere steamers, de partin ever; month for Obegrest und. opapotinn oe Ged heel. ney mail steamers plying between San Francisco. The rates b—~ ra _ of gaged, bg or . passa ton to Sen Francisco is and £122, reepective! £106; to Missetied , ¢ — —_