The New York Herald Newspaper, November 13, 1850, Page 6

STATH OF CALIFORNIA. | ORNIA CORRESPONDENCE. San Dizgo, Can., Oct. 4, 1850. Court Martia! on Major McKinstry--Money from Uncle Sam not Forthcoming— Attention to Mail Contracts— Propeller Massachusetts—Coast Sur- vey—Adinissron vato the Union, §c. §c. In my letter by the September steamer, I pro- mised you a history of the Court Martial of Brevet Major McKinstry, but circumstances beyond my control prevent my furnishing a succinct narrative, at least for the present. The Major's is a peculiar ease. He has oven forced into difficulties in which he had no interest, and been compelled to defend himeel{ from arperons which no act of his ever merited. The grand finale which formed a basis for the charges j referred against him, was a per- wonal conilict with Lieut. Evans, of the First Dea- goons, son of cx-Senator Evans, of Maine. The rencentre was in the Plaza, at San Diego, sometime in Augest, of 1549, and grew out of a dif- ficulty between McKinstry and Lieut. CG. J. Cants, Evaus having actea asa friend of Cants. The re- sult of the renconter was in favor of McKinstry, ageinst Whom, some three months after, Cants preferred churges, or, rather, wrote a letter to the OUR CAL! Quarter Master General, which caused charges to | be preferred. Three charges dwindled down by the testimony te some few indiscretions on the part of the Major, and the finding of the Court Martial will no doubt be in accordance. The defence was en able and manly ove, and was received and lis- tened to by the Court with respectful attention. Major Emory leoves in this steamer, ma, for Wasmingion. He has held on here with- out money, or only such as he was able to raise on his own credit, ws long as there was any vigtue in 20 doing. ‘Tbe treatment of this oflicer bas been faithless and ungeaerous in the extreme, but the gentlemen who have heid minor stations, and who Were not so Woll sujplied with private resources, are the real sufferers. Thousands of dollars are due for services hovestly rendered here on the line, and no one dollar can be realized, although the gentlemen to whom it is due are actually suffering for the want of it. Some have never been paid one dollar, preferring to letit remein as long as their private means would allow, ia order to secure ag much es possibie at one time; judge their disap- peintme nt on finding that they can get nothing, and that, on Sigg atime when their private fands are ted By the last steamer, Major Emory receive etter from the interior, and again he was insulted by being requested to make a requisition for fuucis, sf funds were needed; at the same time they well knew, trom various estimates in their possession, that at least sixty-five thousand doltars 18 required to poy the debts and complete the work on this end ofthe line. Bat none will be able to shield thenselves uoderthe plea of ignorance, long after his errival at the capital. All here have the most entire confidence in his desire as well as ia his ability to procure justice for them, however tardy. direct the attention of the proper departmeats to the stute of aflars here, as fully explained ia my two previous levers. ‘The wail steamer Panama, on her trip up, passed this port withoat calling. ie Was reported to have vome four buodred passengers, and hence, [ presume, cowld not aflord the time necessary to comply With the mail contract. Oa passing San Pedro, she saw the Massachusetts lying at anchor, leorping that she was bound for this port, Oru alongside and put on boerd auc Sas Were convenient, where they were led by somebody, and most of the fetters, ume papers, lost. The Postmaster here will net fail to report the matter to the Postmaster Generat at Washington. [he propetier Masseehnsetts is now ia port, her officers being engeged im the coast survey. She will rema ta month probably. wuronts hove been coming ia rapidly. Week, cighteen wagons have reach many on mules, hors e vera! families who intend spend- ing the Winter here. ‘They will hardly leave for the north after h.ving enjoyed our deficious climate a few months Your Herald of the 13h August, served still “to » Xe. keep hope ahve with us. You seem persuaded that we shall be permuted to form one of the bright Stars of the glonous galaxy I hope your pre- dictions muy prove true, Already has the con- sequences of their wicked delay heen written in letters of blood at Sacramento The Herald has taken @ rand manly standin regard to oar prope adm u, aed ail here e ty, fidelity and pytrietism l have no further ws of importance to com- my disposal, as the mail PACIFIC. wreeiate its energy, ab lie Mmunicate, nor (im closes in afew mo Los Axautos, September 15, 1850 ‘The Gila Ruver— Military Affairs— Massacre and Robbery— Pull Accownt of the Diabolical Act, &e May Tho. that you have not failed to | Callahan they knocked down, and a child that cried they struck and rendered senseless. Oa ‘Mrs. Cal'ahan’s coming to, they roused her up, and | knocked down forced her to go to her Soe basband and take trom his pockets the keys otf truak ; they then went and took all the money they could fiad, and took likewise some blankets and a horse, and de- camped. It was nearly two hours before any one arrived at the house. young man then came, and on entering, he wi a sight which it would be difficult to depict. The floor was cover- ed with blood, and Mr. Callahan, ia the death, wasrolling in ¢ but never came to his senses. It was morning fore anything could be done for the sufferers. nies of He survived fortwo days, men were soon after pursued, and, as [ have before said, have been taken; but as yet mone of the money has been discovered. the hands of an accomplice. It is probably in Mr. Callahan was a native of Missouri, and had been in this country some six years. Through all the exciterrent of the gold mines. he has staid at home quietly and attended to his farm, and had ia this way accumulated a soug little property. There was no man in the community more re- reted He was correct in all the relauons of life, and Ins integrity was unimpeached. His property was on the rancho of Jurope, which is about fifty miles from this place, and adjoias Chino on the evrt This series of murders is not the only one that hes been commited ia weeks since, a Mexican countrymen in this plece; cinity. Abogt two led oa of his own d_ when I was in San Diego, Major Fitzgerald sent in another, charged with shooung a woman. In fact, neither properry | of nor lite can be censidered safe at this time, 10 this | region. is nothin Travellers frow the nerth assert that it uncommon to see a murdered man lying by the side o the road. This state of things | will probably continue until the returning Mexicans | have all parsed. romising, but ia this section it is the reverse. Notwithstanding many new buildings are going up, a ae | The times at the north are said to be very ua- MURDERS, ROBLERIES, SUICIDES, ETC. A man, said to be a strauger in this city, was es robbed of some $70, in Tackson street, at alate hour on Saturday night last. person into Mr. Goodmaa’s store, was at- to the spot we ery of murder, and fouad the man laying in street, and badly cut in the anaes Coles td era se chould. 60 - ood against these highway attacks, which are Clea altogether tan bereent of late forthe credit of our city. We have many desperate cha- racters from the States in our midst, and until the city is purged of those assassins and robhers, too much care cannot be used.—Alta California, be- The | Oct. 6 A Mrz. Crew, living in Union street, attempted to destroy her life last evening, by strangulation. The attempt was discovered in season to prevent a fatal terminatioa, A secoad attempt was likewise unsuccessful. Mrs Crew recently received infor- mation that her husband had died at the mines, and this news is supposed, by her friends, to have caused temporary derangement. Mr. Enock Kaefler attempted to commit suicide by cutting his throat. He inflicted a severe wound upon himself, nearly severing the wind pipe. He was con! d to the City Hospital, where he now iemains. Mr. Kaeffer arrived in this county about four weeks ago, and has encountered many hard- ships and disappointments. The brig Eagle arrived at San Francisco pn the 25d of September, from Sin Diego and the ister mediate perts. She brings information that a party of returning Bonoranians had uttacked the ranche ir Callahan, about 60 miles from Los Angelos, and killed Mr. Callahan and one of his children, heating severely with clubs his wife aad family. They also succeeded in obtaining some $7,000, which was in the house, General Morehead, who was in the vicinity, was expected to go in pursuit of the murderers. On the 22d se’night, a company of gentlemen went out from Sonora to view the body of aa Ame- riean which hed been discovered near the river rents are high. The people from above are coining | Stanislaus, within @ distance of five miles frem that down here to invest in real estate, and there doubt it is the best thing they can do, as this unquestionably, the best portion of California, hav. ing the b.st of climates, and the most fertile of 18 no f soils. A steamboat—the Gold Hunter—has com- | down as far as | ng between that place and San Francisco. | he San ude. | Is onions. | as five and six pounds. They se! quantity, at 16c. per pound. Surremner 23—Since | wrote the above, we have hed an arrival at San Pedro of the govern- | ment steamer Massachusetts. on thi | coast for two years or more, engaged in |e ing the ports, Ke. hen have been up as far as Vauconver’s Island, an San Diego. The commission is composed of Col. | Smith and Maj Ogden, of the army, and Capts. | Gouldsboro_and Von Bi | the navy. The Massachusetts is commanded by Capt. Knox. The report of this commission wiil be looked for with much interest. The Common Council of this city gave them a public dinner, on Saturday last, which was attended by almost eve! gentleman in the place, and passed off very ef __I regret to say that the prisoders in the couaty jail broke out, a few nights since, aad five of them have escaped, among whom was one of the mur- derers of Callahan, and another who was com- this city 18 4 very insecure building; it was built by the American troops, and occupied as a guard house. TF. Items from the California Papers, MINING INTELLIGENCR. By the politeness of Mr. G. W. Nichols, we were shown this morning a most beautiful lump of solid gold, weighing twelve pounds, whieh was i} on Carson Flat, on the 4th of July. The lucky hombres were John ltoberts, of New York; Albert T. Baleom, Boston; and W. 3. Boy- din, South Weymo Mass. These gentlemen Were prospecting, when they came to a hole, which, utter having been dug six feet, was left as unprontable. Feeling fatigued and jaded, they bethought themselves to rest awhile, and thea to examine the bottom. The result was that they continued to shovel out the dirt, and on the third day, the 4th of July, they took out twelve pounds. ‘This glorious lump was taken out after gravelliag for it, a8 one would for a potato. In the sume hole otber small potatoes, to the amount of four pounds, were extracted. It is the intention of the owners to send st to the States, where, no doubt, it will excite some curiosity, not less from its solidity than singular shape.— Stockton Jowrnal, Oct. 1. We were shown a most beautiful specimen of gold and quariz. It is from Carson's Oreek, an valued at $500. The quarts 18 in the olear cry ‘e, end the gold is most elegantly c di, i e by a humun artisen. It 1s in the possession a of Mr. W. ©. Yonge, of Montgomery street.—Alta California, Sept. 31. I returned from the Ce do a short time ace via San Diego. On my arrival at that place, I found “ Othello’s oceupation gone,” so far as writ- ing for the Jlera/d, at that time, was conceraed, as a gentleman there wos about addressing you. Whea { left Conception, (Mouth of the Gila,) everything was quiet. The American emigration had begua to arrive, and the returning Sonoranians were like- wise reaching the river, daily, in large numbers. They ore epperently very much exasperated at the have received at the mines. Few e made mach. Many of them are treatm: at of the even Without means to get themselves across the river, Le puabers return by a new route, which croewes the Colorado at one hundred miles above the On this route d water all the lesert jor Hensel- man aie ews Gila. A de- pot is being eetablished at Bayoucita, whieh is under arge of Capt. Mateell, formerly of Col Stevenson's regiment of New York Volua and whois a brother to yout Chiefof Police. Capt Davideon, who wes ordeted to the Rancho of the Chino, and was actually on the march for that | place, has bee manded, and, it is naw said, 18 to be cent to the ( ° Lovell, witha emell compeny of infantry, bas been ordered to Chino. end at San 1 San Francisco. ¢ Sav Dy s men, lu dit ie well kaowa whatever /or the there bas heen pone ever © hey have been ~ They are nc t is said, mustered into server, They are now, ii ‘on the strength of some flying report, hurrying to the river They intend, | believe, if they can get fs into their hands, to make them disgorge pt plunder got from G. Conton: but] ap hend this will be something like cavching birds putting fresh salt on their tails The whole eheet of the expedition will be, probably, to trans- fer from the treesury of the State some $100,000, to the pockets of General Morehead aad hus party L have now to give you an account of o 1¢ of th» moat barbarous outrages that ever was conmiite t in any civilized community. On the evening o' the 2d inst., the family of Mr. Evans Callahan, a highly respectable farmer of this vicinity, was at- taeked by three Sonoronians, and himself and a hired man kiiled, and his wife, child, father-in- ed man, cruelly beaten, 80 mach so that the lives of two of them are despaired of, aud his house robbed of about $6,000 in specie, Two of the supposed murderers have beem Arrested, and the proof is very sirovg again, one of them} the other has pot yet deen, sined. A third, it ie sion a horse stolen Toy »’, San Louis K 1 sent into San Diego. ve been present at ¢ cxamination of one of “ine prisoners ; end from the testimony of Callahen, ond others, have learned the par of thie melancholy transaction. [t eppears th derers came to Uallahan’s house w i his wife were at supper y had a vicinity for several da one oO} had sold to Callahen, a el old dust, ai! while @9+ ept his money They clubs, neatly prepare | for called at the front . ei opposiie the seat whieh \! table. Os being asked in, he entered ard # Callahan just os he in the act of eating. blow stove in hie sku! using into bie palate ately followed the first t the man who entered the hap, his two companions and commenced of incliseriminare The attack wes so endten that no ¢ them time previous, some g had seen where he armed with heavy . One of them she even the semblance of a nee, ome “yee of the hired men, am American, CY Griffin by name, end letely a discharged suldier of the seeond drecnons , it appeers, had a child in hie arme, and wae enon ove tpowered. Hlisarms qwere br: ken in the melee, ond hishead beaten into 8 pemmice He died, ot conrse, instantly Mes. A lady has exhibited to us decidedly the most beauniul specimen of gol en in California. It Creek diggings, and weighs over eleven ounces. Nature appears to have dooce her best in getting up this sample, with its admixture of chrystals aad quartz, Which glisen in their rich bed of bespangled gold, reminding us of the bright eyes and modest virtue with which Dame Nature sometimes en- bances even the charms of & beauty.—San Fran- crsco Courter, Oct 1. The Alta California states;—We have seen two specimens of gold ia quartza—the one weigh- ing 24 oz , and the other 17 do , which will make a man forget his dinner. They were shot ina ravine near Sonora by a Frenchman, and par- chased by Mersrs, Coghill & Arrington, on San- some street, south of Jackson, where they may be seen. Werhoull only make a botch of it, if we should attempt to deseribe them, and would, therefore, request the curious to go and see them. The quartz stone of 24 02. is superb New diggings have been discovered near Placer- ville, @ part of which are ws prodactive. On Feather River, above Long's Bur and near White Rock, Captain Campbell states to us that, within a few days, a party who had constracied 4 wing dam ata point called Smith's Bur, took out $1,000 per hour, and even then were oaly partislly able to operate, from the depth of water in which Ubry hed to stand ‘The vein of the Guadalupe quicksilver mine is steadily increasing in size and richoess, and gives abundant promise to eurpass the most saaguine ex- pectations of its owners. From ten to fifieen tons of or, of the firet quality, have been taken out, and the company, havi jost satisfactorily settled all éifficulues of title, proceeding with renewed energy, to the extracting of ore and erection of mechioery for emeltiag. [tis supposed, with the machinery about to be erected, that before six six weeks, from eight hundred to one thousand pounds of quicksilver will be extracted per day. Ia addition to the mine proper, as formerly “* de- nounced,” the company has lately purchased a Jorge anc utifal trect of land, which adds greatly to ite value. Verhaps the finest veins of cinnabar in the world, sre found in the neighborhood of San José company has lately opened a mine near the Guada- lupe, called the Pyramid mine, aod after excavating only Atty feet, have encountered # rich and beau- tiful vem of cimmabar. Such success is unexam- pied in the history of quicksilver mining. Hereto- , exeavations of hundreds of fees have been ¢ before eneo antering the ore’ With tts mining which we have yet m She had on board | the gentlemen of the commission that have been will go dewn to runt and Lieut. Blunt, of mitied for the murder of a Mexican. The jail of taken from Carson’s | ing menced running regularly on the coast. She goes jazatian, and will stop at all the | is diffieu! | Mr. Slater, about four miles fom this place. | rived from England, that town, by two French hunters. Aa inquest was held on the spot, and a verdict of wilfal murder ®gainst some party unknown, was returned by the jury. The head was discovered completely sever- ed from the body, some twenty feet distant from the trunk, which was covered with the leavesand branches oftrees It was evident, from the decayed : a | state of the deceased, that the murder was com- r return trip next week, she will be laden, from y “f this place, with grapes. They are delivered at TER OF tans (Wo: monthe ago dro, in good condition, at $7 the huadred Another article of export from this region They raise here the fioest onions | | have ever seer, some of them weighing as much il here by the A Mexican was shot by an Indian, at Curtis's creek, on Friday last. 1t appears that the former was in charge of a correl, and the lutter attempted to drive the horses ofl, when he was resisted by the Mexican. The Indian retaliated, and shot the keeper of the correl in the shoulder with an arrow. Frederick Midgley, an Englishman, residing in Stockton street. made an attempt to hang himself to a bed post. Fortunately he was discovered by a peteenee and cut down before life was extinct. l¢ had #leo taken Jaudanum, and a tumbler of ar- senic was hikewise found inthe room. The cause of the rash act, is said to be the desertion of his wife, who eloped with a friend, a few days before. Midgley was taken to the station house for safe- keeping, but was finally discharged. The Sacramento Transcript of the 23d Septem- ber, states that one week siuce Major Baldwin and Mr. Atkinson were murdered in their tent upon the Merced, about four miles this side of Ford's ferry. The deed was done witn large pieces of rock, with which the brains of the sleepiag victins were dashed out. Mr. Atkinson had for some time beea in ill health. One of them, after being assaulted, crept out of the tent and expired. Mr. Baldwin had also been stabbed, and his arms were severely cat in his vain attempts to defend himself from the | assaults of the assassins. | Om Wednesday morning, a large number of In- dians, both male and female, passed through this place, on their way to the Stanislaus, for tae par- pose of mining, and attempted to steal some cattle at Curtis's Creek, but thei attempt being resisted, they decamped, without effecting their perpose, On the following day, two men, of the same tribe, attempted to steal some horses from the “ of he horses were guarded by a Mexican, who posted himself behind a tree, and while in that positiea the Indians shot three arrows at him, one of which took effect in the left arm, near tbe shoulder, pass ing clear through it. He then tired a pistol at them, at which they started off. The Mexiern was brought inte town, and the arrow extracted, and the wound dressed. On the following mora- ing, the Sheriff, with an armed posse, weat in pur- _— “a perpetrators of the deed.—Sonora Herald, t 25. The Alta Onifirmee —_ that an effray took place at Salmon Fulis last Sunday morniag, during which Mr. P MeNeely (who was only a gpecta- tor) was attacked by a man by the name of Childs. In order to eave his own life, Mr. McNeely was obliged to kill Childs, who attacked him without provocation. Previous to the quarrel, which was fone am a doarn or so, Childs had armed mse If on ‘eely’s account, and took advantage of McNeely’s presence during a riot in which "be had no concerp, to consummate his intentions. Capt. Pierre Delrov, master of the schooner Lom- bard, died on the 26:h of September, from the e& fects of a wound which he received from Captain Briet, master of the Gruges, in the act of convey- ay some of the sailors attached to the last vessel. _ THEATRICALS. Mr. John Kelly, a celebrated vielinist, well kpown throughout the States, has arrived in this country, and intends shortly to favor our citizens with a series of vocal and instromental concerts He has always given the highest satisfaction wherever he has performed, and his friends predict for him great success here. Our old friend Atwill, of New York notoriety, has once more made his appearance in the musical line in San Francisco. e are happy to recognise egain his familiar name in the advertising columns. e has taken wato himvel a partaer—what will the ** better half” at home say!—and holds out on the Grand Plaza, San l’ranciseo, under the style of At- will & Co., where his friends, desirous of music or musical instruments, are requested to give hima call. At the Dramatic Museum, San Francisco, Mr. Warren made his debut in the character of Sir Charles Coldstream, in the comedy of ** Used Up.” The Talma Theatre in Sacramento, is in the full tide of success, Where Mr. Stark, Mrs. Mesteyer and Mrs. Kirby are the principal actors. Dr. Collyer’s troupe, in Sacramento, seem to be drawing crowded audiences (Correspondence of the London Times.) San Francisco, August 1, 1850, I find from the information of parties lately ar- it the people there have no idea of the rapid progress we are maki: part of the world, and that the English no faith nor confidence in our stability. in this le have Indeed, it It to believe or comprehend at a distance the enormous strides this couatry has made in so | race, short a period; but, marvellous as its precocity may appear, there is no doubt of the fact, for here we are, with no symptoms of infancy about us. The indastry, energy, ead adventure of the Anglo-Saxon foreign capital drawn from assisted by e | all parts of the AN have contributed to produce very extraordinary but successful results, te say the least, in this covatry. Ae for San francisco, the commercial capital, it has overleaped the ordinary progrees of new settlements by some ss | years at least--actually jumped into maturity. The bay is covered for a mule in length, by a quarter of a mile in width, with wharves aad warehouses; the streets are so crowded with horses, carts, drays and egricalteral advantag 8, avd unequalled cli. | and busy mea, and with all the concomitants of an mete, the eity of San José, whether retained as the capital, or not, is destined to become one of the firet cities in the State Opposite Stringtowa, on the Middle Fork of Feather, a claim belonging to Messrs. McCabe and ortgomery hes yielded $1,000 per day for weeks yecimens of \he quartz vein, from near where ersects the Feather fiver, were shown us yes | active commercial port, that one must “thread” his way through the maze with the eame difficulty that is experienced in the great thoroughfares of the city of London at mid-day. Then we have a num- ber of substantial fire-proof brick houses, rising one after another with such rapidity that the aspect ef the lowes gaat of the town will be entirely changed in a mosth. . . I strongly suspect the prejudices of the English terday by Mr. Pearson, who has located upon a | people are traceable to a few causes of a personal cleim in (hat neighborhood. A boy hi eceeded in ob aining $300 in gold by pounding up the quartz with & cominon haiamer A few days since an American opened a hole at the head ef Jackass Gulch, near the Stanislaw ond after digging some eight or nine feet, foun embeddedin the slate a small coin, perfectly black. | Afterrubbing it some time he found it to be a copper coi about the size of an English shilling. On one side is the representation of the sun, and on the other an Indian with bow and arrow in hand, shootwe ata bird inatree. The date of the coin jeeo noch worn you can only discern three res, 108—. The coia purehased by Mr. Sull end seat to Lie. Radelifle.— Placer Temes. PoLirics. The following are the nominatiens of the demo- cratic pominating committee :—Clerk of — E. M Phar Superintendent of Public c ton, F. P. Tracey ; Attorney General, Jas. A MeDovgall ; District Attorney, Alexander Wells; Jodge of Supetior Court, Charles 8. MeRea; Har- hor Mester, John Barmore; State Senator, David William ©. C Broderiek ; Members of Assentbly, Hott, David ©. MeCarthy, William Sharon, Joha H. Gihen, ond William Bo Kinder, The names of A. FP. enden, Charles T. Botts, and T. A. Lynch, were withdrawn before the committee went into ballot. The whig primary election, held on Saturday, mede choice of the following gentlemen as ¢ wndi- detee:—For Senator, A. Bartol ; Discrigt Atworney, Calhoun Benham ; Judge of Superior Court, 1). © Shattuck ; Harbor Master, W. W. Queea ; Men bers of Assembly, F. C. Bennett, J. 1). Cart, Is exe N. Thorne, John A. Collins, James 8. Wethered. ‘The election was to have taken place 04 the 7th of October. ree 1 nature, andl grant that some English tradesmen * at cause of complaint; for instance, | have information from Eng!and to this eflect, viz. : Shippers, who have consigned goods to this mar- ket, write that they received from their consigaces, ia good time, “ notes of sales‘ which raised the most flattering hope, as the prices were most satis. fectory, and such as to leave a large profit, as well as to elleet another very desirable objeet, to the neces at least—further shipments. After a lopse of considerable time. byt not at all in“ due time,” another important link in the relation be- tween principle and agent is sapplied—the * ae- es) arrives This document, usually so punctua a transmission, aad so welcome an atrivalto the shipper from his “ esteemed corres- pondent,” in the present iastence appalled the re- ceiver. There, to be sure, were by set down in exact conformity with the detail given in the “note ofsales”’ eo long ago received, and the gross proceeds looming in large telling numbers; but ales ' ig the compilation of this class of document there if’ neceesary ingredient, for which the devil leuppese, invented t ame of “charges.” This ogre “charges,” with an insatiable appetite, awal- le vp neart all the profita, leaving a resi rihy euch a land of plenty as the renowned cont of | Cali fornia, where gold is te be had for the gather- ing of it, Well, ome wonld say all th bad | exongh, but the poor shipper’ e not yet over contrived to be made, t The “lest ect of all,” the “remittance,” has not heen ed, ond no explopation given for the de- lo, all the more ioexplice ble, as sales are made in Sen Bre for owsh only. : | have tal ood deal of trouble to inform my. self ntoall these “doins” here, and am now wel) ja. formed * het became of the shippet's money, It he “net proereds,” small as they were de, have not been forthcoming has certainly not been buried in the ground here. The J the instructive les- son of the the “talents.” He traded with it on his own account. To meet his private ends it was sent totwo very remote parts of the corth, to come beets with due increase, it is to be ner be serious. Isit Servetaing that: euch conduct merchants, and all ether busigees men agninat Ths merc] er business men remarks to be peck weed and at American houses. them. Let them aa- practising NGondiet a0 | have cont as I have related, but there are some good folks amon: eee ‘a little too much upon a new-! re ; remarks are not made vindictively, nor from interested motives. In fact, 1 prejudice my personal interest by not adopting another mode of redress, from motives of deli- be And | expect the insertion of these re: applying as they do, not to the case of one, but have a geod effec: ing re} isgracefu’ sgra t have detailed. If I hear more such complaints as 1 am now noticing, however, and find occasion to notice the subject again, I shall be a good deal more e: I wish to say @ word on the subject of emigration from iand. The English don’t ar to have interested themselves actively in California, from which some other countries have already reaped a rich harvest. This is maaifest from the fact, that none of our first or second class mercantile firms have established branch houseg here, Then, agein, the people who find their way here are chiefly of the wr yrs I ogg mes at many youog men in the capacit! eler! boats ”, isie'no ace for them. The arrive with httle money, the necessaries of life being enormously dear, they spend their slender means in a short time, and being unfit for manual labor, their fate is very wretched. Scores of them have tried the “ diggins,” but always failed, most from waat of stamina, and some from waat of perseve- rancé, The merchants being chiefly American, their clerks are naturally — most frequently their countrymen. Then such houses as have been ed on South American and Mexican con- nexions are braaches translated from those coua- tries, and they have brought their clerks with them; besides, their clerks to be eflicient must know the Spanish language. All these things are serious drawbacks to an Englishman arriving 10 search of a situation. We want capital and thews and siaews here—stropg worklagmpa and tradesmen, brick- layers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and all classes of artisans. With industry and economy, they willall do well, and some will make fortunes. “They have nothing to fear. Should trae fail them, yet with health alone remaining, they have the road to in- dependence open to them in mines. This iano visionary prospect or fancy sketch; those whotried it a year ago are now here to verify my remarks. There is one other subject with which some of our countrymen are connected, upon which I think you will not object to have a little information. refer to “* The Anglo-Catifornia Gold Mining and Dredging Company.” The English vessel, the John Caivin, arrived here in the jing of last month, bringing nine Cornish miners aad Sir Ilen- ry Vere Huntley, (a captain in the Engtish navy) as superintendent on behalf of the company. The origin of this company has been rebated to me by the superintendent, somewhat as follows :— My reason for calling attention to it is the great importance which I myself attach, on pubdlic grounds, to the subject of gol ining in this coua- try by Englishmen, on sete! principles. I be~ lieve that the greatest discoveries of gold are yet to be made in this country, but that the aid of sci- entific skill is necessary. ‘But to return to the com- . It appears Ud the Anglo-Gold Company was got up in London upon representations sent from this country by a Mr. James Palmer and a Captain Tremaine. Negotiations were opened with these persons, which resulted in their seading to London verious flattering reports, plans, views, and sketches of a part of Cali fornia where * quarz gold” was so abundant as to inake it ap- pear o desirable investment. The * bait” took; the “ investment” was made. Messrs Palmer and Tremaine bought a fine gold-bearing tract ef land for the company on the ‘*Calaveras,” a navigable river, of which they sent a view, with an imagi- nary steamer nestiing on its besom, as well as of a house—am iron house, | think—put up on the bank of a rill, just suited to supply water to the gold- washing machines in their operation. There was some mention of a hill also, but its whereabouts [ ferget, nor do I know the object of including it in the picture, unless, indeed, it contained the “quartz gold.’ The scene of this ‘ representa- tion” was laid in the district of country known as the Stockton nines, about 150 miles south of Sua Fraacisco, Sir Henry Huntley on his arrival makes all sorts of inquiries for Messrs. Palmer and Tremaine, who, he expected, would call pan knowa the John vin: him immediately it was had arrived inquiries tended but to were not to be many All hi pm oe the conclusicn that tay d found. It then ceeurred to him that he might be more euccessful in a search on the Calaveras; they might probably be keeping the * locatioa” clear of “squatzera.” He proceeds there, rides about with # guide up hill and down dale, in all sorts of direc- tons, in a broiling sun, for two days, he becomes exhausted with the fatigue of the sea but fiads nothing of the geatleman, nor of the “ location,” nor of the ** house,” nor of the ** hill,” nor of the “steamer,” nor of the “quartz gold.” In short, he only finds that the company (to use an expression e remarkable for its force and aptoess io this than for its elegance in any case) has been ne,” “done brown.” p the search for Messre.Palmer'and Tre- hom even tredition in California “saith Sir Henry returned to San Freacisco, Gi nraine, of not aught, ond falls ia bere with another company—the Mari- pooe Mining Company. This company is a sort of conglomerate-mechine-quartz-gold-griadiag -com— peny, pursuing the same objects on the ripowa river Which the Loadoa Comeaay intended follow- ing on the Calaveras. The Mariposa company tude a proposal to Sie Ilenry’s company that the two should * armaleamate,”” on condition, among other thiogs, timt the London company put in £100,000, or $500,000, and that then they should start equar, and share profits half to ereh. Sir enry Ih sent the proposal to London, and, pend- ing an answer, hae, I think jadiciously, hired out the nine Cornish miners to the Mariposa company for six months. 1 understand that suepicions have been cast upon this London Cy | already. 1| know nothing of them farther than I have related, and | ean have no desire to injure them or to prejudice their in- tereste in any way. heir undervaking is not at all Quixotic, in my epinion. If properly managed, and they can keep their men together, they will undoubtedly make peaher. They have overcome the greatest difhouky which besets undertakinge of this sort, namely, getting their men tothe mines. = There are one or two points, however, which seem to require explanation from thea. First, it would be setisfactory to know that the eemmuny» cations said to have taken place with Messrs. Palmer and Tremaine did really take place; for if those are not feigned, why then the company was duped and swindled, as one can hardly suppose that those geatlomen worked gratcitously. Cre of them, et on, muet hive been a toed dreughte- man, and time ie valoable in Califoraia. The next fact which excites one’s curiosity to ascertain, ‘s the amount they “drew” out of the company, dare say a goed round sum, if the truth was known. I sbould alse like to kuow what sort of title they sent home for the land. I think the company was lucky. not to e the land. Ry | would have had a fight with “Unele Sam” one day for the pesses- sion. I asked Sir Heary Huntley for information on those points, bet he could, not supply. He had nothing to do with the getting uy of 1 company. If this company is e healthy ere S advise it to give information that will dispel t mystery hanging over their alle ged commu aications with Palmer and Tremaine. There is a jon that the whole story was congected, to eaable the company to raise money and to get the miners sent out. T am now bound, in justica.to all parties, to add, that frem = could see ane ee om 4 formed all ite agemeats ¢ Cornish mi- oe with fidelity. “aes is hare, and bulls of lading have arrived fora farther s: ly coming forward, to provide for their wants to pay for their passage into the iateriot, etc, Sir Henry Huntly has appointed Messrs Glea'& Co., mer- chante, of this place, his. te—a most judicious selection, for this is one of the very few Eaglish houses here which is worthy oP the trast. He despatched the miners some daye tothe scene of their Inbors, and I.o bas himse if followed, to col- Ject information on the subject af the mines. Ono quite certein—that, hawever it may fare ompany, the miners have benefited by coming here, for during the next six months they draw pay from both companies. ‘The news trom she miner.isgood. The miners are reaping a rich harvest, and new discoveries are constantly being made, People are now turn- ing their attention good deal to working gold out of the rocks, aad cr the quartz which con- teins it by machine lew mines of shies char- neter have en disgovered, and one is bein; worked at Tyas Angeloa, a place on the south c of Califorsia, In -_= allover the, eountry dis- poveries are being made; all that seems to be te work,them. 2 you will see by the pipers, which i, seriona difficulues hive ariega, and fa deadly nature have taken plage between the Americans am the forei; in & portion of the interior of this conntry. une Soward etate of matters is, however, happily con- fined to the section of the country \nowa as the “Southern Mines,” of which the towa of Stock. ton, on the San Joaquin river, e ospital ~The immediate consequence ofall this trouhle ia the attempted enforce ment of the “foreign miners’ tax” Not so with the foreigners, however. The Chilians, Peruvians, and Mexicans clumsy hands at it. are generally Bere, and some of them ac- quired great skill at itin their own countries. They complain that so soon as they e takea the trou- ble to put their mine or ** hole” in woeking and productive order, and just as they ure about ware he heneiie c€ theirs i nes ed of their 7} tion, the} are depriv of all advantage, and driven out Americans, threats of being'shot if they refuse or delay to renounce their what their tormentore arrogute to be their “* soil their rights, 3nd soon, Such conduct as this bay caused great exeaperation j' end thc genera) disor- ganization couse directly by this unfortunate ** tax” has, no doubt, been availed of by the fo- reigners to gratify their revenge, and to pay off old scores, The consequences have been murders and rob- beries en both sides, and, in my opinion, i equal culpability to all the parties. Things were brought to such a pass that the better classes of ing thas thay woeld Sader ta ths egpsesting et, inj we r approac! * have themeelves, and are tu all the foreign miners out of the “ southern mines.” Such foreigneis as are permanently “ fixed,” d in business in the country, are allowed to remain, and the decree of expulsion of any does not apply be- yond the limits of the Stockton district. The Mexi- cans are fast arri in San Francisco, on their way home— 120 of them arrived here two days go; and, no doubt, and the Chilian miners will be all expeiied. The consequences of all this are seriously felt by the traders of Stockton, and chee. 3 vagy yy is no Fags y diciued have a effect y a ners lly, Wu quantity of Fold pont ony cat also Teduslag the of money and of oy expenditure and exc! chandise : for the Mexicans were as famous their prodigality in spending as for their ingenuity in Sens ng — soon e ture meets ant iets ine or abolished besides bei next, the “tax” will for it is now clear that the measure, ‘ing tipged with unconstitutionality, is detrimental to the real and permanent interests of the country. I have pot Peard of any Enghshmen having been mixed up in these troubles. In fact, there are very few of them in the mines, and such of them ish can so mix themselves with the Americans as to pass for citizens. The poor Spaniards have not even this doubtful advantage; their physing- nomy and language betray them readily. Draughts on London are chiefly in demand for China and Sydney, to meetithe engagements of the trade fast growing with these eountries. Incredi- ble quantines of China goods have been sold ia this market, and at good prices; and I confident! hope our trade with Syduey in flour will increase. A doubt existed as to its quality. The reputation of Chilian flour in all the countries of the Pacitic, gave it a preference here over every other; but it is gratifying to be able to assert that the flour from Sydney, when properly dressed and packed, equals the Chilian in all respects. ain Talking of our trade with China, it is an odd fact that the gold dust of this country does not fiad favor there. It only fetches $15 the ow lowest price I have heard of its bringing paxtof the world. Our merchants in Chiaa lac! information, and lose sequence, | suspect (ou will find dispersed over the papers whieh I send, eome interesing articles | ion to be estab- | on the probeble steam communi liehed between this country and China. A regular steam communieation is about to be cotablished with Oregon, which must prove ef sreut advantage to this country, and to the coun- tries all rowna the Columbia river. We are great- ty in Want of the agricultural juctions which Osegon could supply es with, if her citiz ns would remain at heme cultivating their fields, instead of running away gold hunting as they do. An Eng- lish bark, the England, errived here on the 20ch of July with $00 %¢ns of coa!s, dug and brought from Vancouver's Iefand. There is much talk of recent discoveries of coal in California, and I do not doubt the fact Usat coal does exist, but the high price of labor wi enable the Eaghsh coal to com pete with ours in point ofprice. During the month oft July @ Engheh vessels entered thu port—most of them from our Australatina colonies, aad loa ted with cargoes of general merchandise. ie without business. The number of bankers in thts: cit precedent, and still they all doa g Female Laber of England. JHE LONVON DRESSMAKERS ANY MILLINERS | from the London Uhroniete, Oct 24) The working dreeemukers and mulliaers of Lon- den are, a body, composed of a more mixed cluss of tl imunity than are the members of any other calling. Armeongthemare the daughters of clergymen, of military and naval officers, and of surgeons, farmers, and tradesmen of every deserip- tion. The — majority of these dresemakers— fully three-fourths of have been reared in te country. The number of dressmakers and milliners in London, at the time of taking the last census, (1841,) was 20,780. Of this number, 17,183 were females of twenty years of age vpwards, and 3,480 under that age. The remain- ing LIT were males, 10 of whom were below twen- | ty 5 of age. ‘he business of dressmaking is carrred on by two elasses—the dressmaker and the millmer. The dresemaker’s work is confined tothe making of ladies’ dresses, includiny cake! kind of out ly- worn gown or robe. "Fhe lliner’s work is con- fined to making caps, bonnets, scarfs, and all out- ward attire worn by ladies other than the gown; the bonnets, however, which tax the skill of the rmilliner, are what are best known as ‘“‘ mace nets’ —such as are constructed of velvet, satin, silk, muslin, or any other textile fabric. Straw bonnet- meling is carried on by a distinct class, and in separate establishments. The_milliner, however, often trims a straw bonnet, affixing the flowers, or other adornments. When the business is meres large, one or more millinery hands are commonly kept solely to bonnet-making, those best slulled in that art being of course selected; but every eflieient millinery so employed is ited to be expert also at cap-making, and at all the other branches ofthe trade. The milliner is accounted &@ more skilful laboror than the dressmaker. Of miiliners and dressmakers there are, as in most other trades of the present day, two distinct classes—viz., the edequately and the mys Tad oaor= or, in other words, those ng to the ** able,” and those belonging to the *‘ dishonorable” or “slop” cf the trade. I shall confine present letter to an expoestion of the earnings and condition of the former class. The division oSlabor vehich I have pointed out is clorely observed in all large eetablishments, though in some only milliaery work is done, and im others only daessmaking ; but in tle majority of the London houses the two branches are carried oa together. The weskers sa Gabel thar apprentices, i ers, assistanta (including dey workers), thicd hands, second hands, ead firat hends. Each department has a fisst © busine is @ Wait upon the oe recoive orders, take "neasu cut out the material (unless a second hand or ancaher fizst haad be so employed ima very establishment), aod give it out to the workwomen tc .be made. young women who attend in the show-racm, to display the silks, velvets, laces, &c., and to dispose of any ready- made arteles, such es gloves, bonnets, collars. We, are called the showwomen, i blighmenis known as “private houses”-—that is houses without shops—and saleswomen ‘a houses to which shope are atiached. This is the case in both Grench afd Bnaglish houses. Hach de- partment has eso a second hand or intendent, who works elong with the others, Gitects OF ou yerinvends their labor, aud instructs te improvers and tices. She is ble for the s roper exeoution of the work, and for the due exertion of industry on the pazt of all employed. A third hand is employed in a similar way. The assistants are hired workwemen, employed ©a the premises in some cases, aad when so em- ployed sleeping there, and in meet cases boarding with their employers. Some araengaged by the month, or the quarter, or the year; others by the week ¢r the season. Their * asy time” is dari the fashionable season, or about six months out the twelve, from February to Mae 4 A week or two before and after Christiias is also a buay time in many houses, and in oilers, six weeks Christinas for the, winter fashions, aad three or four werks after it. ‘The improvers are a very numerous class. ‘When a girl has completed her apprenticeship, or other term ef hem iy ag = in & comotry towa, or even in Edinburgh, or Dublin, she comes to Lon- don to improve. If ste has an intention of estab- lishing herself in busigess in the town where her parente and friends reside, she and they fee! that it would be hopeless ta attain the “patronage” of the neighboring ladies unless she have the prestige of having been trained to the perfeet exercise of Lou. den teate and ski tage Which must be daly meintsined, when eee, by at least one an- Duel visit to London “foe the fashions.” Thy im- prover is engeged for a given period. (generally for two yeers) and is almost always bourded in the house of hes employer, Who, no: nafreqren'ly, re- ceives q premium with her, while the imp-over # ho remuneration fer ler labor. She is there aot to be paid, but to he improved. The pre- injomes with improverg vary from 210 to £59. preniign is the young gitl placed with g hand, whose the | fitable exchanges in con- | ia all the “ant mystery” of the calling. If inatiet Bearded in the house, ast ws F iM Peres ional wee ae, If remaia riends, lodging with them, and home to her bo premium is given, while her labor is considered merely equi to her ‘and = consequently bg pnb eet what to five years, and the premium from ‘£10 to £50, i connected more particularly with the di are ee day worl by the. da as their names expresses, ; | distinction to those who ate engaged rf or year. To all these regulations, there are exceptions some establishments, but the and disposition ot the work, which I have described, bi ry ee ressmi lishments are at the West-end, in the too Gros- venor streets, Bond street, St, ford street, Picadilly, and’ some of | Picadilly, and off ver and The very ret rate exce; houses, with two or thee, are all kept by French women. These | seesga Se geaere ees square. wever, But E: rank as high as the Fre: | Tam informed, are never made first hands in these | large and first rate houses, as the i BE aE | the French And even the second and rate houses get French first hands if they can. The | French, I am further informed, are paid extrava- gant yeay sume. “ e. Be. one of my informant: as a young superintead ine whole eotablishment, ies she pe a salary of | £200 ayear. In these establishme: | repeat, the first Freaeh— | to eleven, are ail | pumber not more than six, half of whom may be | French, and the other half English; and there may | be about five or six more hands or assistants, | living in the house, and all and as many apprentices end improvers as can be got. In the | season, from fifty to sixty and even more, | workers are employed. The regular hands who live | in the house are kept all the year, with the excep- | tion of a month’s holiday in the autumn ; but the | day workers are all sent away after the summer season, when there is no more work for un- ul the winter season returns. In the generality of the best houses, the rooms are large and airy, and pl ome | people are well treated. Each first in @ has a room to herself, and the others sleep apartment, in which are ebout half a dozen beds, and in these sleep twelve young people. | They mee about seven, and all, with the excep- tion of the’ mistress or the young person who may be the superintendent, breakfast together, a first hand presiding. The superiotendent takes her meals with the proprietress of the establishment. Some, but only some, have meat suppers ; others have bread and cheese. “ This takes hs | said a milliner to me, ten, after which (if it is | not in the season) the young ladies do not sitdown | toe work again, and can rally go out and take a walk vntil midnight, if they choose, but at | which time they are expected to be home. Tt, how- | ever, they do not return tit the morning, no ques- tions eve asked, in some establishments, provided | they ere in the workroom at the proper time.” ly | The agevof the second and third hands are from | eighteen to twenty-five among the Engieh afew, | however, are older still; among the French thircy is the usua}age. I was told that the young women | atethe first houses cun Fs ey” Saprow erg A Tog eight or nine who have died at establishment. | One of the first houses has acq the reputation for not seb tap vig. their young people, as they | always make them jeave off at five mm the evening; | bot t 1 am informed, they compel them to be- in at a In Madame +—’s houer,” said @ Indy familiar | bate the. esard and with = toes ek equal zhion, oung people a. !to be very decorous, a3 ‘Mademe is very strict herself. They work, however, extremely hard there; the reoms are very close end confined, twelve persons sleeping in one room only tweaty feetsquare. in all the large houses everything i# ificed’ to work in the reason.” But the proprietors of several of the esta~ blishments think Loy 3 of themorals of these fneads in London go (9 acy wilh, them, iends in jon go to pass iy wit om, and those pevspeet hy ang if there be no work todo oe oe —— hg the conse never of ure! lounge about the whole time. Some will allow them to re- main in ded all day, whieh many do, and read cheap publications of a low character. A lady aske thenrin one house ately ‘@ oy did not £° hy church or say bag bh prayers. ~~? said they” not timeto im the morning, an; were too tired at might. One of them said, * When [ was in the country 1 was taught te say yers | and to go regular! to cherels prot y— Aon 9 = 9 here at first 1 did so, but I seon got into the ways of the others.’” I have found these generally ignorant of any kind of Tistreture exee pt most of them the penny publitations. They wri legibly, dot thet is all. a lady to me, “one Su about 2fi. She wes mags mances. I said to her, * thing more suitable for Sunday than a novel, why don’t you get a good and instractive one? You have got to the 82d number of that, and it has cost you “2pence. And for 24 peace you id have got one of Sir Walter Scou’s works... And thir wes her answer—* Whit, is he a great writer!” Ll reptied, con) A my inform a) thathe was.” “ Dear me ihe said, “aad selling his books fer 2s. I dare say, poor thing, he is starving ia some garret, as I'm told all great | writ ” “On another day,” said the lady to hs ising cart bearing a placard, an- g in large le:tere Shakspeare’s house to be sold, pasred the window of a workroom The | young ladies ac one another who he | was: I said bh gre poet. One wanted to | know if he was the author of * Don Juan.’ Aaother wondered why he was going to let hia house; | whether he was getting poor, or going to take | larger one. And this was im one of the very hi est and most fashionalle hovses in London ” low subjoia the aceount given by a lady con- cerning the internal economy of some of the firet rete milliners’ establishments at the Westend. [ ge it a8 it was furnished to me in writiag :— | “A first-rate house ef business, conducted by a | dresstomker and milliver of the highest fashion, is | elwaye avery large howse, more lke a mansion fora neblemen then a milliver’s establishment. In some there is nothing to indicate that they are pisces of business, except a plate on the door, with | the nemes of the proprietors engraved thereon ; while others have two or three splendid plate: | glass windowe—each window consistiog of one pene—wih a brass bar outside, across which a | lace vest or an embroidered collar or handker- chiet is hohg, to show the business carried oa Within. These large houses are not only mitlmers avd dresemakers, but they supply every kind of ladies” wearing apparel, with the excepvoa of shoes. A lady goes to erder perhaps her wedding trousseau, or & treia for the Queen's drawing: room, or her morning and evening dresses. Sue alights from her carriage. The hall-door ia opened by the footnen of the estahlishmeat, and she is ushered throagh a splendid hali, and up a broad stone staircase, covered with an elegant Brussels carpet, to the first Jandiag place, where she ie met by the mistress of the establ ahmeant, who bows her into what is called the ‘premier magasin,’ or ‘first show room.’ Then comes a French lady, dreesed in a silk dress, with short sleeves, and a very omall lace cap, with long streamers of ribbon that fall over her shoulders down to her feet. 3 couuter, and places a adies are styled ‘magariniéres,’ or “showroom women.’ There are, generally, five or #ix of these showreom women kept in a first Tee establish- tind thirty feet longs and esty feet wide. a every thirty feet b ty, wide. In eve: other panel, there is a look from the | floor to the ceiling, set in a carved gilt frame. The floor is covered with a very ex- pensive carpet of a rich pattern, sometimes of a violet and amber color. The window curtains are of rich dark green velvet. In different parte of the there are counters of po! ebony, cus silks and velvets, She looks them all over, tries | the shades in different lights, asks the Frenchwo- man which is most becomiag by dayli and which most becoming by candlelight. a con- siderable deliberation, she selects one or two dresses of whatever color she may want. She is aon peice if she bn — = PF, gpa which are as magnificent as the firet; are displayed shawls and mantles of tee first le of and ofthe most expensive . In another nt, are laces and linens of kind. The visiter is still accompanied by the F lady in short sleeves and long ripbons, bowing as before. As ther walk through the show rooms, the lady is generaliy tempted aa superior style or work of the articles displayed there to order a great many things that she wants, and a great manythat she does not want. In these large houses, there are two or three gentiomen kept as clerks, who attend to the hooks, and occasionally assist in the show room. They leave at seven in the evening. When the lady vimter has been bowed out to hes eat > — has driven off from the establishment, - showroom woman measures off a certain quantity of eilk or velvet (whichever it be) the first haad dressmaker, ead gives ft the or- der to wake the dress. After this, a8 soon ne convenient to the lady, the first hand take Forse hermeesure. For this purpose, a oae- har, with a servant in li ‘oor, and the first fady for her dress, en it cut to another first hand, the work room and ents it out. rst show ree large 3f 3? weatly as large an thi pleee at eeeh end, z i z ———e a