The New York Herald Newspaper, September 27, 1850, Page 3

and im the bowels of the carth we inhabit. And it only requires a few exertions on the of His creatures to read this mysterious end sce His handiwork in all the geological formations which are “observable throughout the State of Pennsylvania, and which it is our purpose in these letters to de- peribe, are generally composed of successive strata or layers of rock, bused one upon another, from the lowest primary in the series, up to the highest rocks, containing the anthracite and bituminou’ coal. The rocks which contain these stratifica- “tions are the highest in the regular ascending or- ‘der, found in the State. The laxity of the govern’ ‘ment of Pennsylvanis, however, im making appro- priations for a minute survey of the State, has left ch of her mineral wealth undiscovered’; and if of amore rece! formation than the coal are anywhere in the State, their area is of a very limited character, aud they must, in all pro- ity, have been deposited since the formation of that vast system o! lower secondary strata, Trevcllig through this Ste, the attention of the ‘trave 1 this - ie most casual observer cannot fail to be'attracted b the course or range of the is and SS SCER WOIEA Ty0 2 Hears bad and south- “west ction, places forming 4 curva- 7 mss sagt: eo and, at the same ‘time, corresponding ith the mountain ridges ewhich run through ‘ne State. The position of these strata, or variou- layers of rock, 1s not in all the sume, thei »rtzonial inclination ver; every degree of slo,«, from level to perpendicular. ‘The name given‘) «is inclination by geologiets ds the dip of ~ Tock. sud is of vast importance 1m asc ¢ OFd~ © oi Superposition. The rocks of the +-condary series being sedi- ‘mentary, they ent a beautiful ied ap- pearance, and as 4 of a succession of 6+) sites from water, indicating ‘to us that origimally «hy must have laia in a hori- zontal position. Th: aquil and still waters de- ited mud at their» y pressure, and dry bdability, to a great « become transforme -deposites were of © formed by them are have assumed a gent! aye left have beeu « m, which being hardened +g, and assisted, in ali pro- veut, by internal heat, has sto slate or shale. If these aleareous nature, the rocks a-stone. When the waters mouon, the deposites they ight sand, which, becoming «d sandstone of various de- ccording to the rapidity of the current; while ms or tudes in rapid motion, wa away mosi«/ ‘ae sand, and consequently Jeft at their bottom « \.;wer class of pebbles, which, in the course of tu aad by means of the same great one pr » of mature, have become coarse cong! ‘rates These processes of deposiies trom tranquil waters, o: currents of different veloci- ty, varying in endle-s successions through indeti- nite periods of time, ore all calculated to produce the vetious strata which compose our whole system of sediment 1) ocks. The diversification of color in these rocks .- coused by, or attributable to, difierent tions» vodifications of the various oxides of iron ano rmioerals. The various inclinations which «» observe in this strata, are owing to a combin« of uplifting actions from Anteraal or central fe: es, partaking of the nature i volcanic eruptions. or earthquakes, moving ina northeast and sourh*est direction, which have broken up the strats ‘:\/n their origiaal horizoatal position, titing and h°.ving them up in the great mountam tim the oe disturbed positions ia which ore BOW foun bs The Aiffereat rec. vetenging to ihe strata‘ed primary class, ch: consist of gneiss, mica, slate, tale slate, « ir subordinate varieties. These occupy the southeastern patent Peansyl- wamia, inclidmg @ + of OC t, Lancaster, ork, Montgomery, uch, aod Delaware, and the whole of Philndepi ia odanty. There are, how- ever, eats tooks of w Ct iy a mae ys cornet © . aite, W&e., discovered in small local hr z velas, generally in the southernmost portie: Ue primary range. This Tange of rocks bas |» ecovered to extend from ‘Trenton,on the Dew dvwnwards to the very southern boundary «i State. 1k also runs west- wardly to the southe t of Adams county. ‘The erysteline limes! of Chester and Mont qomery counties, wh. sometimes forms tolera- biy — marble, « toh belon yen’ prima- aye is found at # angular belt, as we ay Joeed north’ In ¢ ‘laces north of this lime vues of gagiss, with tale » discovered. rd, We come to the red 4 stretches across the above Trenton, to the stone, Coasiderabi: and mica slate, hav- As we continue 6” sandstone formate ‘State, from the Dev ~ ‘Maryland tine. 1) wation extends through Bucks, Dauphia, , Moatgomery, Berks, Lancaster, York, jams counties. Some ecologists have clo + group of rocks with fie middle secome- 4 Be this, however, au one thin. aiu—il presents @ re- quarheble uniform espeet to its materials and appearence th tts whole range. Itis composed of dark owa argillaceous sand- etone, soft, crumb. ud browa shales, with now and then band omerate, or sandstone, ia which sre Large ‘The inclination, o variably to the not of from twelve to lomerates which y diecovered in th erm formation of | border in the very |: where the red © @tone in the vicini wr strata, is almost LA descending at an angle e degrees. The con » contains are principal- near the south jong ite northern ln both these cases, veuee an older lime- quently discoverable thata ie propor whole of the im- Seaead pavtoe’ en ded fragments of variously colored The — which cements them toy’ vietly calcareous that burned and coavert- Portions of this coa- con, fate, We mocrgo @ polishing process, would ful ¥ arieg ated mar Ties of the breee » marble from which ‘the colunms of th: Capitol at Washin quarried on the Ps Be lon ge to thir for yal points in the ne stone, in the upper rd hcg at ¢ il, twoor three tc found in reveral te, aod which was mas character, and observable atseve- ter of the red sand- + 44 and the southern sly pear the Sehuyl Keadiag. It is also . ta less quantities, and of leas importa + ‘“ Numerous ridge + «0 ‘ Wap rock or greea- stone, Which some: tls of coasiderable eight, traverse the ve formation in the 4 direction as the ours ia the State. » darkegtay color, talioe in its strue- « hornblende and game northeast wr! other elevated hi!\« Generally, this ro: with some whede ot tingly tough and veqaently used as usequence of its ‘ing them into a ferent from thy r Ina mw ou : which pees partof Bucks and ward blue altered rock eply io viet ¥ the rock having never Teached the surfa:« heal, however, from deneath bas been « change the color eo shales and ..sastoaes above. — he soil where thie cock ily found is of a cold and clayey cb \ little esteemed for agricul: par po ve unaltered soil | af the shale and one w execedingly pro- ductive, Another belt of proiary nr which forms @ chain med ee ne ~ went Cn oe ° @mpton, Lehigh, Beri, | ot, York, r i NAdeoe Soa F nk . tothe Mary. land line, is found on the D> below Easton, Dorth of the middl> se condsiy astone which we Dave just deserity Cis jar range 18 gene Telly called the & vl though fre- quently interrupted, » across the ion ay we cow ord along ne the primary + + we approac’ vhe Sehuy lust; aL © seen oCee jonally weet of © inveriably coveted throwghe) ‘he re fe, of the range by he overlying rocks «1 \) wer secondary series. In making these er ne re refereace to ihe geological fr j venta, which even the most case.) oherryer net lat to notice, wwe reserve @ more lar f the strata of rounded pebbles. | ove Obamber of the | Hanvfow Reaney bape ‘The Departure of the Saratoga—Names of her Ofi- | to New York, and having just returned from your 1960, cere—Hopes of those on board. Our Hassachus: tts Correspondence. Broouiine, near Boston, Sept. 17, 1850. The New York City Hall— Novelty Iron Works— Steamer Atlantuc—New York Enterprise—Inssi- tution for the Blnd— Building in New York— Mrs. Knight, of Olden Time—HerJourney to’ New York—Curtows Facts— Mr: Dempster, &c. &c. Within a few months, having made several visite great commercial emporium, bearing upoa my A fierce northeaster hav ‘driven @ large fleet of | mind strong impression of its present greatness, coasting vessels into this anchorage ; and some of | ¢Rerey, activity, and enterprise, and having thus them have come in with loss ofmasts, spars, and | @M irrepressitte conviction of the certainty of the sails. The gale outside the Capes must have been | Vastness of its future destiny, now that the bewil- unusually severe. Quite ready for sea, we hopeto | derment of mingling with the throngs, composed show our cabin windows to those who inhabit the | of residents and strangers from every quarter of Rip Raps, so apon as the wind hauls enough to let us slip out; and before we look again upon that the globe, constantly crowding its thoroughfares and, in ever ceaseless counter-currents, flowing formidable fortress, rising like Venice from the bo- | through its streets, has passed away; and thatl som of the sea, we expect to have circumnavigated the globe, paying our respects to the brother of the sun and moon, who reigns over the millions that inhabit the Celestial Empire. I enclose you a list of the officers attached to the Saratoga, which 1 will thank you to publish, if you have not already done so :— William S. Walker, Eeq., Commander; J. R. Goldsborough, Ist Lieut.; William L. Maury, 2d Lieut.; William A. Wayne, 3d Lieut.; J. C. How- ell, 4th Lieut; Thomas L. Smith, Surgeon; J. George Harris, Purser; Samuel Edwards, Master; Thomas B. Steele, Assistant Surgeon; Mathew Kintz Lieut. Comg. Marines; John Ma . Ir, ‘Altert Allmand, aed Robert W’. Scott, pees Midshipmen; Osear F. Johnston, Charles W. Flusser, Andrew B. Ci J pevian i; ith Hamil‘oi » Guaner; Henry F. Storker, Sa The officers are all well pleased with each other, with their ship, and with the prowmect of an agreea- ble, interesting and profitable cruise. They are leeving the shores of their country, to bear al the emblems of its union strength, with the hope and belief that, when they shall return, the: wiil find it more male united than ever, an stronger to maintain al the guarantees of the con- stitution. As fairand fresh gales which succeed the raging storm at sea give new hope and cheer to the mariner, so may we not indulge the assurance that the quiet and decided stite of political feeling which follows the public turmoil into which the agitation of the slavery question has throwa their country during the last year, augurs well for the perpetuity of our Union aud the continuance and wy tha erd phere of o4r common country. It would be a season of sadness with us, if when ‘we return from this long cruise, we should find that the flag which we had borve round the globe in tri- umph; which we had saluted utmorning and eveni as (he bride of the ship; which had been honor on every sea by the princes, potentates, and pow ers of ali the earth, was no longer the emblem of union. Sed, indeed, would be the day of our re- turn—that day which, otherwise, is the happiest day of the cruise. But that sad day shall not come. On the blue ground of our flag there is ample room for more bright stare; and let them come until the bunting is begemmed from corner to corner. But it is hazardous for an officer of th earmy or ne vy at this time to manifest too much devotion to the Union, lest he be secused of making trinkets for the temple of Diana of the Ephesians. Our Orange County Correspondence. CornwaL., O Co., N. Y., Sept, 1860." Henry Gibson, a Survivor of Washington's Life Guward—His Enlistment—Presence at Battles— Duration of his Service, §c. &c. _ A few weeks since, there was an announcement 4p the newspapers of the death of the last of Wash- tngton’s Life Guard. I have been requested by several patriotic citizens in this vicinity, to inform you, or rather, to inform the public through you, that this announcement was premature. There is now living, end in an ordinary state of health, ia the town of Monroe, in this county, about eight miles distant, on the south side of the Schunne- munk mountain, a revolutionary soldier, who, ina few months, will be one hundred years of age, named Henry Gibson. He is known to have been a member of Washington's Life Gaard, from its first organization to its final dissolution at the close 0 the war. I called upou him, yesterday, in company with a friend, who bad been acquainted with him for a number of years. He is « fine imen o the old revolutionary soldier, and like all the rest, has a wonderful veneration for his great com- *menderin-chief. He told me that he enlisted into the coaupental army at Boston, soon after the battle of Bunker H He wae mustered into the regiment of Col. Heory an oe awee Seeretary of the War Department an: or Ge- peral of the Army of the United States. ie was in the batties ot While Plains, Monmouth, and Brandywine At the latter he was wounded, hav- ing received a bail ia his left shoulder ac: companied Gen Sullivan in his campaiga to the lakes, against the ladians, and Witnessed the sur- recder ot Cornwallis at Yorktown, As the a and life of the Commander-in- chief was deemed, by friends and foes, at the time, as almost, if not ahostntels. indisjensable to the cause of liberty, and as British gold was most lavishly used in cor- Tupting and disafleeting iw adherents, the Guard was organized for the purpose of preserving © General trom the machinauons, intrigues, and vi tence of both the Boaush and the tories. It was compored of the very best mea that could be se- tected from the army,—tren of sobsiety, integrity tried courmge, of elevated and martial appearauce, The Guerd sted of one hundred an ar four men; one hundred of whom, imeludiag Gil sou, were mounted; the reat did duty on foot, and were more especially employed in guarding his quarters. But even at quarters, (iibson intormed me thet # poruow of the guard was always mouat and were Ile saw ed, night wad day, Waster and summer ever patrolling im the Lame diate vic the army disbanded, at Newbargh, departure for their homes drawa ep on the ba before the oid stone house, joperty of diate, and addressed by their beloved and venerated General. He suid he Wes Unwilling to retain ther in his service, con- trery to their own wishes, any longer than the reet them would volonteer their services, he would be happy to have them accompany him to Mount Ver- pop, end that those on fovt volunteering for that purpore, thould be mounted. Orders were then @iven that at the tap of the drum the volunteers should advence hundred stepped forward, and aneme them Henry Gibson. He attended his chief to Virginia, saw bim sefely lodged in bis own dwelling, received hie final diecharge from his hands, and then, with twelling emotions, erparated from him forever Should there be any other survivor of that distin- ‘uished band, it is boped that these notices may be the means of bringing the fact to light wv Our Sag-Harbor Corr<spondence. Sae@ Hanpor, Sept. 10, 1850. The Village— Fishing end Shoottng—The Mansion Howse—How to find the Place, &., §. The preacher frequently enjoins upon us the duty of letting our light shine for the benefit of others. In the abundance of my charity, I yield a cheer- sul obedience to the requirement, and proceed to communicate to your many readers some informa- tion, for which those who follow my example will have reason to thank me. I have been pacsing a | delightful week in this quiet and beautiful village, recreation with which | am acquainted The village stands on a lovely bay, interapersed with islands, presenting to the eye a water pro» peet which cannot be surpassed, and furtishing every toeuity the gratification of those fond of fishing oF se Ip the immediate neighborhood Quod shoot be found Snipe,quail and par- ide are ebond and, very shortly, the adjacent Waters will be covered with every variety of water fow! "5 be ‘ Mansion House,” under the #kilful supe- rintendence of Mrs. Mulford, isa spacious ¢stad- mt, fornebwg everything meecesary for the luxury of the sojouraer. The table is aed wry rooms and confortable ts, complete tl There are fine drives in several directions, a distance of tive miles over a good roed, will carry the visiter to the seuth sive ot the whend, where, if he choose, he may bethe wo che curt, aad — band upen the maa of the breed Atlemie '¢ commend Sag Harbor and rocks, as the jar aseend> | ose ploce 01 -opourn to sportamen, by laad or wa- tT, for our ww ous “These | ter, oe wel tw all who desire to escape, for a om will be divivn! «ses or for- | week or ler get, from the smoke and confusion of anations, A descr a ‘ » ¥ sflord the | the ety A train of Cars leaves Brooklyn at 9 A veader an ample rowurd for rhe (ene he may devote | M fer U renpor!, where you may step on board m peruring it; ano te Grief amd suc- | ibe etcaner Statesman, Capt , and be wet eint Manner, tt voryou fed moanifigeat | down o: Seg Harbor in time for dinnet at the Man- wok! ot that bs whore heed hee seattered | sien Hower it the vas cmeet myrinds of twink IL may odd to the het of laxories to be enjoyed at ing Worlds, whe» A * pemeti Bag Harber, the ane pee ofthe New York ever ehangiie piocre vo tie buswns @f the | Aerald, wany whieh find ar os tg Fraiers, Upom jae yooks yt the Lofy atowme } ebay peri vd Salto 6 i BPR, of their compantonsin-arms; but if any portion of | The dram tapped, and about one | and [find it one of the most pleasant places fer | am “trom the ways of men laid safe ashore,” the views and impressions of a “looker on in Vienna,” as expressed from this comparatively quiet.part of the world, may not be entirely devoid of interest to some of the readers of the Herald which is theygame as to say “ to all the world, and the reet of mankind.” Afier enjoying the hospitality of one of your city officers, at his own pnvate mansion in Twenty- second street, where | feasted my sight on a fine collection of paintings, ‘bathed my eyes in the hght of art,” and was surrot and encircled with intellects and taste that made the interview and a flow of soul,” I was conducted, by the generous and hearty politeness of my host, thr the various offices of your city ee City Hall,and the other pub~ lie’ buildings in the Park, giving me a view, by the paintings and portraits, of your great men of former days, and an introduction to, and glance at, the living ones of the present. Among others to whom I had the honor of being thus presented, was Governor Fish, a perfect gentleman, and one of that rare genus that do not swim in every sea. I was, also, ona former visit, conducted by the game gentleman through the Novelty Works, tha: memmoth establishment of Messrs. Stillman, Ai- lex & Co., on the East river, the builders of the engine aud machinery of that prince of steamers, the Atlantic, Which noble vessel we also peram- bulated while ng Soe ct and machinery were being pl on |, Which, as has since been proved, were destined to outstrip in speed, and, in trath, to overmatch, in almost every respect, any vessel in the entire history of the world, and, as it were, to make the Atlantic ocean but the width of a river, or to make its e but a mere ferry way—to cause, as my friend remarked, a cele- brated English ouginees to confees that the steamer was “yet tobe built which could manifest more power or execute more speed.” 1 was informed that there is now being built another of the steamers of the Collins line, into which has been smuggled some two hundred horse power over that of the Atlantic. You, New Yorkers, have thus stirred up the English to send their steamers direct to New York, instead of stopping at Halifax, and also to sell their least fleet steamers, and try their hand at still more powerful and faster engines. This is purely and legitimately the pro- duction of the enterprise of New York. ‘Truly Archimedes is here, with lever in hand, and the fulcrum has been found on which to rest and move the world. New York is the Archimedes and lever—the Atlantic the fulcrum, and Old Eogiand the world, or, at least, one corner stone of u. This is not the only way in which New York has done what has never beea done before. She is the Archimedes of this day, with many places on which to rest levers, and with power to move more than one corner stone of the world, if not the world itself. meggens gore! and in Relat of numbers, enter- pnise, and we: th, New York, with its splendid and capacious harbor, its wide and foble rivers on either side, atiording #0 many miles for wharves, and the resting places for , ovr and shipping, must inevitably, in a few generations—in less than a century, and, perhaps, in half that time—outstrip London, and become the greatest and most power- Me aitiag SO patiiy a Che depen of ul oss) entire! at of mm) host, 1 was lucted by pe ay different pod iments of the Institution for the Blind, in which has taken @ great interest, and where | behe! with admiration, the beautiful order, neatness an industry of its b wmgen bry affection they manifested toward Cosh other, and to their benefactor, knowing his voice instantly, and even recognizing bis step. 1 was glad to learn from him that Mademoise! Jenny Lind will probably visit them before she leaves, and charm their ears with some of her sweet warblings. Here she can touch chords that will vibrate to the last moment of life; here she muy enwrep the vision of the sightless with the impersonation of the seraph of song, on which they may look the remainder of their lives undis- tracted by the vision of the outer and material world. In no other place could her aweet notes be ane entirely comprehended or more sensitively t By the politeness of two good and honored friends, | was conducted through the upper part of your wonderful city of Gotham on a special exrvey Of its gorgeous aud sumptuous palaces, and the | wilderness of new blocks that are rising in every direction and in every style of architecture, from | that of the most fantastic to the moet chaste and beeutiful, the most maseive and magnificent. In gezing ogee the view from the emi- nenee of the Murray Hill Keeervoir, with the East river, Long Island, and its etties and villages dotting end bordering ite capes on the left; the ious Hudson, Hoboken, Weehawken, &c., on Staten Island, with its high grounds; of in the distance beyond city, inter- cepted a of spires, turrets, and towers; and direetly before us, the uncounted blocks of untin- ished dwellings, from the lordly palace and the pa- incian mansion, down tothe dwelling of the more humble plebeian, | was led to look inte the past, wad from the monstrous strides the city has taken and is taking, to auger for its future, a glorious destiny. . The piles of unfinished buildings, might, from Murray Hill,easily be taken for ruissand cue might eosily ive himself on an eminence in the immediate viemity of some of the ancient ruins of In thus looking at these heeps of bricks, mortar, lumber, sandstone, We., | | wes led to atk the qnestion of myself, whether | New York would probably ever attain a culrmnn~ | ting point, and from thence dwiadle into deeay and rom hke the outies of ancient days. you say, **Amencans cannot look back or stand still,” there- fore their destiny muet be on and onward'for ages, and perbops for aye There was a fine old dame, Madam Knight, who travelied on horseback, inl 704, from our good little city (then town) @f Boston, to the city of New York, and if she had not been already a Kaight, she | should bave beem dubbed She rode daily, and someures in the night, and certainly ina x otf style end manner, dependiag mostly upon hersell, being unaccompomed, exeept by oceasionally fali- ing m with the post, aed incidentally being aided by guides, or attendants, or other company, whi pH might pick up by the way on her journey. rode with the courage and spirit of a kaight, pene- trating forests, fording mvers, and falling in with the devil himself, according to the following ex- tract from her diery or journal*—" The post en- couraged mee, by saying wee should be well ac- jated anon at Mr. Dey; few miles fug- (This was in Rhode Island. The name ts at thie time, and is ) questioned whether we ought to go Devil to be helpt ont of affliction. How- like the rest of Deluded souls that post to ye a to pus found Ins as old as the Divel cities tn the old world. 2 hiers “* who lool nd quite as Ugh “ He differed the made haste to the “ next stage,” where she fet down and wrote a poetic a to * Trav. ailers” to endeavor to avoid meeting this old fellow in their journeyings in this region, beginning in the following words:— ~ May eli that dread the cruel fiend of night Keep on, aad not at this curs't mansion light,’ raying etill “ devils there now Khode Island; the third in Stonington, Coon. ; the fourth in New London; the fifth at wing, October 7th, at New Ha- Kilingeworth; ven, where she had business and kinstolk, and | where, ehe saye, ** 1 was received with all possible respecte ond ervility ” On the sixth of December, “ being,” a8 she says, “well recruited and rested after my journey,” she red again npon her in company with her Mr. Thomas Trowbridge, of New Ha. ve ‘ork, stopping at Fairfield the first mipht; at Kye the second might; arriving “ about on how’'r be fore sunsett at New York on the third dey from New Haven, making the time of travel ling over the space from Boston to New York, wine days, over Which same space] have just vren «hurled by the cars,in eight hours. This is one of the etrices of modero enterprive, New York, at the time of Medam Kaight's visit, contained aboat 6,000 inhbabitents only 22 She cays “the cutie of New York is a pleasan’ Felty, thew h not ’ like ours i Benen, tr The bricks in some houses are of divers * Th Ls “oe a: Wilder & le. The aes be bm are . The fire have no tithe alan 1h Ae ig af yeas much for the baiidiags, from Madame K. She o ~ eh Ee ee Pe have Fee i l H ment . people are social to they’r tables being aa free to their nay- bors as to themselves.” . vi New York now contains near one hundred times a8 many inhabitants as it did at the time Madam K. vi ‘Lhe same ratio of increase would ty millions for the city at the end of an term of time from the present—about the year 2000; this would be about double the pre, sent lation of the United States—and as many as could be placed upon the Island of Manhattan, allowing twelve square feet or a little more than a » yard for each individual, Tbe suburbs of New York, for many miles around, will undoubt- edly, long ere that, be reac in, or reckoned and called a part of the city itself. _ There were many curious passages in Madam ight’s journey, and they are curiously and quaintly depicted in her journal. She frequently invoked the genius of poetry to her aid, only one additional specimen of which will I give. She says, as she passed along in the night, with * the tall and thick trees at a distance, as the moon glared light through the branches, they filled my imagi- nation with the pleasant delusions of a sumpteous cittys filled with famous bgiidiags and churches with their spiring steeples, and balconies, galleries. and I know not what; granduers which I had hear: of, und which the stories of foreign countries had given me the idea of. “ Here stood a lofty church—there a steeple; And here the grand \de—O, see the people | That famous castle —were I but nigh, To see the mote and bridg, and walls so High yo While in your city, I was led by my kind host to the temple of song, where I was charmed, and my spirit wae finely tou by the moving, pathetic and aflecting ballade of Mr Dempster. | was also wroughtupon by the more tragical and massive power of the Italian Opera; and finally, | was en- chanted, enchained, enraptured, and almost trans- lated by the warblings of the Swedish Nightingale at her first concert. The lovers of music in Boston are on the gut vive to catch her first notes there. Mad’lle Jenny Lind will be well a; iated in Boston. We shall labor under a great difficulty in Foralehing her a suitable hall in which to di y her inimitable, and I may almost say, inspired genius. _ One of my acquaintance on my return from your city, proposed to enter into a yankee speculation after this wise:—Having learned that I had heard Jenny Lind, his idea was to cage me, and demand a fee for my exhibition. He is a Barnum, Jr. I was enabled to e his only by my most earnest entreaties, at the same time beseeching him not to make it public, for fear 1 should be dis- sected or analyzed, im search of some stray notes of the Nighingale. ad’lle Lind will be received here with an enthusiasm second only to that of the New Yorkers. W.R.D. ay | 2 @usic and the Drama. Madame Alboni is at the present moment at Ca- — sena, in Italy. Madame Pasta, on leaving London, has pro- ceeded to her country scat in the evirous of Turin. Fenny Cerito’s bust in marble has just been com" pleted by the distinguished sculptor, M. Gayrard, of Paris. We Lave noticed the formation of a very brilliant company for the new opera house lately built in the Spanish capital, at the expense of the State. ‘i Sala is director of it, by the appointment ot govern- ment. Madsme Ugalde, the distinguished singer, has left les Eaux Bonnes, where she sang with the utmost success. She is expected in Paris on the Ist of September. ‘The report is in circulation at Milan that a com- mission hae been named for the purpose of present- ing a project for the reorganization of the Conser- vatory of Music. There recently died, at Warsaw, M. Antoine Weinert, formerly musician at the court of King Stanislaus, latterly ‘nomen at the Conservatory, at which he gave leasons when 82 years of age. At the time of his death he had entered into his 100th year. We have to awnounce two deaths of persons deeply connected with the musical ion. M. Porkorny, formerly directer of the National Thea- tre, at Vienna, rad we died at the advanced age of 53 yer likewise M. Pietro Mechetti. the exten- sive publisher of music of that city, in his 75th year. An artiste 4 the Grand Opera has just commit- ted sweide. The unfortunate man was a dancer, of the name of Querain. In the lyrical ‘toire he represented the dumb ¢! personages, such as the Emperor Sigismoad, in cul na vag mene psn ei enn Shypre.” In uerain t - four hours the functions of Mai ‘or of Lyons’ “The manner ia which he terminated his 3 evinced greet resolution. He wrote a letter to his family, requesting them not to disclose the secret of his last momenta. For a length of time Querain had been etleted with a deafness most unfortunate for him in his profession. The concert given by Vivier at Baden, and at which Jenny Lind sang, produced upwards of 15,000 franes (£UL0); the saloon was crowded (states a letter from a person present), and Jenny Lind came Fe from Schlaugenbad, to lend herassistance to Vivier. The six societies of letters, the arts, and industry, intend to give on the 25th of this month ** Une Grande Fete” in the park d’Asnieres, for the benefit of their pension funds. Accordin, to the programme, that will be a grand fére It states that there are to be 1,800 singers, a theatre for the oeeasion, a Vocal and instrumental concert, a cureus, ia which M. leul Cuzent and his sister are to perform. The military band of nine regiments are to perform together concer!s d’harmomie. In ad- dition to which is to be the ascension of 200 bal- loons; at dusk the grounds are to be illuminated, and, besides other entertainments, the whole is to conclude with a mimodrame pyrotechnique, repre- renting “the crossing of the Budge of Arcole by General Loveparte,” in the midst of fireworks. The “charge” is to be given by the beating of 200 drums and the sounding of 100 trumpets, terminating With “Up chant de vietotie,” executed by the nume- rous military bands mt, The féte will finally close with and ball, For all this bill of fare and momatre féte, the charge of admission will ap- pear extremely modest, being three france for one person, five francs fora lady and gentleman, and nine francs for a family party of four “Le Prophete” has been performed at Aix la Chapelle five times. The King of Bavaria, during his stay, Was present at each performance Mrs. Frank Matthews leaves the Adelphi, aad joins Madame Vesiris at the Lyceum. Mr. Hodson, the Irish comedian, returned from America, wil! appear at the Haymarket, London, with the Adelphi company. Mr. Bunn has been deliveriag his Shakeperiin lecture at Harrogate, and with success. Mr. Harrison, Mr. Weiss, Mr. H. Corti, and Mrs. Weiss, and Mise Louisa Pyne have entered Tito an éngapement with Mr Glover to appear at the Princess Theatre, Glasgow Mr. G. V. Brooke has been performing at Guern- sey to very good houses. We hear that he hadan engagement offered him for the Princess's; but he pe ag it, as it was only for a limited number of | nights. the new cantatrice at her Madame Fiorentini born in in; her father, Majesty's Theatre however, was an FE hman, and ehe married an English officer named Jenkins—not quite #0 eupho- Cognomen ae Fiorentini. We are informed . Lumley has secured her services for the neat season. ‘The valuable services of Balfe have been secured as conductor of Her Majesty's Theatre, and the celebrated Musard has been engaged as composer and director of the dance music Mr. Wright, the jar comedian, has had an over! fe house ihe Haymarket, when the performances were for bis benefit, under the espe- ial patronage of the Lord Mayor and Mr. Sherif Nicoll. Mr Farren, and the Strand company, remove to the Olympic, where they will perform for the first ume on the 2d of next month. Mr Davenport, the American performer, and Mies Fanoy Vining, have been performing to crowded kowses, at Norwich and at Lowestott. Mr. Davenyort is exceedingly popular in both these pla ces. The Distin Family, after completing a highly- *wecereful tour in the Isle of Man, gave a concert at Preston, on the 12h instant, which went off with atéclat in addition to the pieces performed by + Distin and his sone, on the Saxe horns, several 80 were vung by Mise O'Connor. Mr. q Willy pre! at the piano , Miss Hayes will take her professional farewell of the me of Lameriek, and the city of her birth oo heen of November next, previous to her de- par ure for Itely Political Intelligence. Rew Hasrarine —The Governor and ordered an election ia BY @. P. B. JAMES.—LECTURE 11. (From the Boston Journal, Sept. 24.) Slavery—The Progress and Principle of the Mr. James delivered his third lecture last evea- Slavery Agitation—Renults of Negro Freedom— | 4i8;i,'h Masonic Temple. He remarked that, Condition of Society in Guadalowp—Expatria- | general wes ofthe jogo e tion, $e, Se. abe i, ata Spam— tery incomlen, There is not an our archipelage whose | | . y it is miso So St priate pnt | enue py tid instruction afforded by yout unrivalled paper. | into the details of the civilization of Tt iy, ‘Switser: ‘Where and when to send for our supplies ; where land, or the Temote portions of Germany. aad when to ship the produce of our island ; how | SROK® advieedly in his reference to the remote or to inveet a dollar in Wall street, without a chance of its ultimate loss—are all questions the solutions of which are readily found in our faithfal guide, the Herald. But lam a planter, a French planter, desirous of awakening in the people of the United States some sympathy in favor of our wretched countrymen, through the medium of your widely cireulated paper, and to engage you to notice our unfortunate position, for it is with great pleasure that we see you have of late touched upon a sub- ject of visceral interest to us, and which must very scon become a subject of important discussion in, and assume an aspect equally intereeting to the U. States—“* The West Indies—the slaughter and ex- pulsion of the white race by the n their ul- timate deetiny—and the influence-ot their ultimate Pom over the peace and prosperity of the United 8. To us these are frightful questions, the agitation of which bas already kindled the toreh, sat whan, ted the knife of the negro, covered us with ruin, and filled us with profound and hopeless despair. No one, I say, who has profited by the lessons of history and experience, but must admit as a matter, evident to demonstration, that these are problems, the determination of which must eventually be worked out by the government of the United State and according to the rapid march of events aroun us, at no very distant period. ‘© those who look at things superficially, Eng- land appears to have performed an act of costly phi- lanthropy in the emancipation of her negroes. But there are others, who have studied, and who have a ditlerent view of the subject. England was the first power in Europe to discover that the time was rapidly epproaching when the European nations would cease to have any possession or influence in America or its affairs, and she knew that her sole hope of maintaining her position, her sole hope of keeping in check, and ultimately breaking up her great nval, was te instilute 4 crusade against negro slavery in the new world. She made France see and adopt this policy; she will make Spain do the same; and the United States now begin to feel, though in its inception, the inauspicious intluence of this very policy. Great Britain is, perhaps, the only country in the world in which diplomacy is studied as a science and a profession; and the question of negro slave- ry is one on Which she has concentrated all her talent and statesmanship, as regards her relations with the United States, and she will treat this great question, this thoroughly studied question, di- rectly ond indirectly, in such & manuer as to arrest the United States government in ils career of boundless empire and boundless power. 1 cannot but observe, in passing, that it furnishes matter for curicus comment, to hear England and France, with their hands fresh from the pillage, and reek- ing with the slaughter of India and Algiers, lectu- ring America on Mexican conquest and negro sla- very, simply because the people of the United States will not give up the homes of their Christian brethren of the South to the fire, murder and ra of the negro worshipper of Obi, and thereby kin the torch of civil and servile war, which will re- sult in your national ruin, and their na | tional py prity. ~ your national ruin; | for, i”_sich a case, what will be the state | ot the Northern and Western fragments of your aoe government? Corrupted by the blood and | icense of civil war, they will readily submit, as a | necessity, to military rule and military despotism ; | for the plough, and the loom, and the ship will no | longer be worked by the hands of the citizens— arma will be in their hands, and armed men must have leaders—leaders, power; and military power, its inseparable and indomitable adjunct, military despotism. | say — national ruin, for in the South, what will passing there? The fields, teerning with all the necessaries and luxuries of civilized life, will be abandoned by their well fed, well clothed and happy peasantry, and burned to ashes by infuriated hordes of negroes; the home of the Southerner will be a scene of blood and pollution—a scene of negro equality, and fra- ternity, and domination! Who wil stay this storm of bleod, and rape, and fire? It wil not be the political abolitionists of- the North, who trede on the ignorance of fanaticism, and grew rich on the troubles of the nation, They will hide themselves from the sight of their houest and in- dignant fellow-citizens, for they will have no power to calm the tempest that they have traitor- ously assisted I:ngland in raising. But England will be there—she is your rclation—your language is hers, and your institutions and laws are adum- brated from her own. She is there to hold that suighty political lever between contending States— the ince power. She will know how to calm the storm that she hag raised. She will be there at Jamaica, with a fine fleet and 50,000 armed negroes, to make peace between her Northern and Southern relati Do you remember, sir, the battle of New Orleans ?—the black ¢orps and the blacker motto, “ Beauty and booty ?” L say that the abolition ef negro slavery by Great Britain was not an ect of costly philanthropy, having for its object the regenerauon of her colo- | nies, and the advancement of religion and civili- zation, but an act of costly policy, having for objeetthe maintenance of her position in Ame and the ultimate overthrow of the peace aad pro of the United States, But it is not my pro- vince, sir, to trace, through all its wiadiags, this long etndied end now rapidly maturing policy of Great Britain, from its commencement to its ap- preaching consummation, My object is to solicit the interposition of your paper in behalf of the poor ‘West Indian, who is foreed, like the oppressed of other countries, to seek a resting place among you, for our aflairs at Guadaloupe and its dependencies are in a deplorable condition. The negroes, after heving been invested with the wildest political rights, and initiated in the infernal doctrines of sociahem by their political demagogues, have been allowed too long to pursue, unchecked, their eggressive instincts. Commerce and agricul are sbendoned in our rich and beautiful island, da second edition of the St Domingo tragedy vented only by a military force and we that cannot be long maintained or, M Fieron, a distinguished soldier and administrator, is placed in an embarrassing prai- t je the nature of his acts, France yet fe her revolutionary throes, and he does not know, from one day to another, which will be permanently the dominant party, and what will be the fixed and leading policy of the country. In the meantime, the planters are igveepeaialy ruined; and the National Assembly, in order to vanquish their prejudices, and carry ovt their doctrines of ama) ation, call on them, nader penal lawa, to mix h_ the National Guards. All appointments of honor and eer oe been given to neg od men of color, and the policy of * vant as been to degrade the plant. ead & “gp A Consequently the great majority of them will aban- don their estates, and @!th their sutleriog families eeck safety the subsistence of an honorable | end obscure povert;, in the Southern f your Union. T say the subsictence of an Obscure po- 'y, for what, in point of fact and justice, is the indemnity promiced the planter? Why, in presenes of his ordinary pecuniary gagements. and in com- parison with hie losses, it is a mockery—a spolia- tion of th vo have not the power to resist. The . is redoced to the ead, but im- y of abandoning his plantation, his me and his household goede, and seeking, with- out cepital, breed and an asylum in your Southern States, Such i the dreadful etate of t in Guadaloupe and its dependen hat orders have arrived from France putting them all wader martial law ; and, only « few days past, a negro chief was behended under the most impressive soiemnities. A general rising of the negroes was expected on | the day of execution, but preventive measures were wisely adopted. The Governor of Martinique came over with a body of troops and a war steamer; and Governor Fieron, of Guadaloupe, with a repreesive forer, was obliged to be personally pre- sent at the execution. the rty burnt by the negroes in the city of Point pg sated has been ‘estimered in the returns, ata million and a half Under such circumstances, what are the families of the white planters to do here? And is it too much, sir, to engege your good offices in securing them a kind reception in your Southern States’ They will carry with themthe the love of order and the knowledge of tro- pie Nore, with tastes and habite that Many of them are led in, and are citize: fthe United States; and, with the encouragement of the South, would settle in Florida, and avsist in developing the great tropical resources of a country desirous to become the Italy of America iM The bark Paes, Cap afternoon. the Peesioe Vpanmed of quietly The Presidential «lection @ and Monagas (the Iatier » brother of the present Presi- Cent) were reture heat candi. a military | negroes on juries and ia the | northern regions of Germany—the more thera rovinces, or those bordering upon the nine, be longing, ae it were, to France, or, at least, par- taking, to 9 certain, extent, oot the civilization of riod of the “ainth century, barbariam feigned be- [oo Ttuly retained a portion of the social and idua) civilization bequeathed to her by Rome, and Switzerland possessed a kind of ization, even t tere he eevear f Baginad end France even to ice the ot in the ages succeeding the ninth century. r Two great and important facts: to Jearned from the civilization of the} under ‘ed view—facts which have had a upon the in- have even a di- teresta of the world, and whi + Met rein rect relation to the le of the a second, first is, that in France feudalism its most perfect development. The £ that im England the Angle Saxon, er th system had its pegs, full growth. " two facts should ever be borne in mind, as feudalism has kept up a constant conflict with the Anglo-Saxon or popular system. ‘The lecturer next spoke of the results of the es- tablishmext of the feudal system. Although this system proved evanescent in its character, and al- most all traces of it have passed away, in the ear- lier times it was by far the most of the two systems. As before remarked, it rose, spread and was contirmedin France; it extended, it is true, to other countries, but never acquired a tixed character in them, but prevailed to a greater orlessextent, accor- ding to the materials upon which it had to rate. It was never a perfect system in land ; the Anglo-Saxon system there always superior to 1t—was in continual conflict with it. William, the Normen conqueror, though he could conquer the people, and subvert their rights, could never subdue this indomitable Saxon spirit. And even within a few centuries, the Norman system was overthrown by the Saxon system. ‘Two centuries after the conquest, the Angio- Saxon Janguage was predominant, and ia three centuries the Norman language was banished from the courts of law. William strove to introduce the Norman laws, but in this effort he was never ea- tirely successful. In the organization of the cities, and in the representation introduced, William was constrained to admit the operation of the Anglo- Saxon princiels. In levying the taxes of the pe- riod, all who posseseed even a knight’s fee were summoned to the gicat councils of the nation. ‘This was the or\sin of the English Parliament Now, what was feudalism! M. Guizot mea- | tions the subject in his lectures upon civilization, but takes especial care not to tell what feudalism | is. According to Mr. James, it is asystem by | which the whole lands of a country are divided or allotted toa certain class of men, residents of that | country, (the conquerors in most cases,) on condi- tion that certain military services should be dered to the persoa supposed to confer the lands upon them. The right of the supposed person to portion out the soil, generally, was not closely | called in question, though it, in general, rose from | the right of conquest. The Jands were allotted by the monarch to the leaders, and again by them to their followers— hence arove the system of subinfeudation, each individual owing service to his superior. Such a system wes never calculated to last | There were uncertainties attached to it, such as to the amount of the service to be rendered; there were also many ineongruities connected with it—as for exemple, when certain lands were held by parties owing no service to any superior lord. There were extensive tracts of country in France down to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, which were held entirely free of all dependence. But feudalism brought everything under its iron rule, even the church itself, which, however, was feuda! only in bond, but not in spirit. The cities became the feudatories of the great lords, submitting to them for protection—such protection as such could afford. Aman could not even build a millor a pigeon house, except by feudal authority. The gume of the forests and the fish of the waters were all held or hunted under feudal righte—the fees of baptism, marriage, and funerals, were all feudal ; but the system, thanks to a kind Providence, con- tained the seeds of its own decay. x ‘The monarch held certain rights superior to hia vassal; but tbe vassal had the right, so long as he faithfully performed the required service, to de- mand the protection of the monarch. This protec- tion was not always granted, either from ioabilit oF indisposition on the part of the lord-in-chiet; hence copteste arose. he monarch, in many cases, Wee not prepared to contend against bh bellious vaseal—rarely, if ever competent fend himscif against a union of bis bold Then the monarch appesied to the many the few, spe neged the ted to rise agai: ranny of their superior lords, pr kidinwow a ip case they would assist him ta his rebellious nobles. Philip Augustus most euccersfully practised this method, aud first called into being the free communes of France | He also wrung charters from bis nobles, te protect the rights of the cities. Mr. James drew a very vivid picture of the fea- del beron, and asked his audience to determine whether this state was to be deemed a condition of civilization, judgieg by the rules laid down iu the firet lecture He then showed how, after the barbarians had | conquered Rome, the lands were ed out among the leaders. Castles were built by them, and they were surrounded by retainers and serfe, living a life of isolation, and practising the moat | outrageous crucity upoa all who fell beneath their power, He visited court but once or twice n year, and never voluntarily, for the visit was attend with dar ger—pot unfrequently with lows of life. The baivn had no bond of commmanication with any other man, except the hurd link whieh bound him to his superior. Such « condition of things | did not tend to civilization; it rathef tended to sink deeper both lords and retainers, in @ state of barbarism. A comparison of this system with the Ang!o- Saxon system, clearly shows why one has | proved permanent, and the other passed away | Such was 0 oe social civilizauon; and its efiect on individual civilization was hardly lees d Arte and sciences were neglected, and id by the most vocertain teoure leviate the evils arising out of feudal- | tem, the ng up chivalry—kaighterraatry might with truth be ealled—which was kaown to be in active exercise, even down ae late ns the thirteenth century. It was in the reign of Wil- liam Rufus that chivalry had ite igi its spirit | being that of Christian plilanthropy, the first vows of the knights being of the most solema Character But the military vanity soon superseded the reli- us enthusisem Mr. James said he had purposed to speak in detyil of the rive gad progress of the Crusades, but The should be obliged to content himself with only enerel summary of the same, and of the reeults | which followed them. He ve of the prssive + eauses which operated to bring about the Crusades, such as the mulgnatory movements of the north- men, af the end of the 10th century, which more or less affected all Europe; the general belief that the world was to come jo aa end about that time, a doctrine preached from the pulptt, and taught by the astronomers. The most active se wan, | perhape, the horrible tales circulated in E of | the suflerings of the Pilgrims to the Holy Land, suffe 8 intiicted von them by the Saracens. Mr. James then went into some details touching the preaching of Peter the Hermit, his interviews and success with Pope Urban IIl., the commence- ment of the first crasede, the mareh and defeat om the plains of Asia Minor of the first body of era- saders, the subsequent movements ia Europe, and the successful conduct of Godtrey of Bouillon ‘The remainder ot his theme he left to be discumed | athis next lecture. is coa- - \® |. Isrenestina prom tue Rio Graxor.—The Brownsville (Texas,) Sentinel, of the Ith inst., soya: —“A letter from Roma ae oe our ume since, ebout fifteen Mexicans, w! mue- i) in the the vieinity of 5. Patricio, were at- pom eighty Indiana, The Mexicans, observ. | ing but twency of the party, who were Ame ve them battle, which resulted im death fioce Indians on the ground. At thie crinie the re mainder of the party came Up, and a furnous slaugh- ter commenced. e Mexicans with cour- | age. But three of the Mexicans their | ewcape, and they bedty wounded " Another letter from Rome says —"* By the arrival at this place of Don Antonio Garcia, from Guerrero, | have just Jearned the painful intel of the death of | \iliem ©. Frink, of your city, The cireumstances | relating to bie death are as followa:—! was projecting ® Jeereey from Guerrero to Sabiaas, | and crossed the Rio | Guerrero, where he concluded to encamp for the | t. He , from the appearance of the where he was killed, and the of his body, ost For bel ret Va ae the 7 bn Z tl joulder, from an arrow feet and discharged three barrels of his ive shooter, and from the traces of