The New York Herald Newspaper, February 8, 1850, Page 2

| ernment cannot be put into eperation without | measure, which no political sophistry a : The Discovery of 4 netent Ruins in Northern | tants, snaetly Mraicane, or Spanish, ple of California have framed a constitution for | it gives his property, he ought of right to pay a tax, b | . re State— fic S in proportion to its amount and value. them. The question then arises, will the Legis- | to principles of right and justice, and which crore negro 1. There is no~ weg oy oeegoenh g i _ representatives ot recommends therefore, the imposition of a poll | lature meake "provision for the election of these be entertained for one single instant. San Dirao, Cal avonsis. asaanet a ae. thing i or about this place, to distinguish it the people, to put the State gcverament into prac+ | tax, and a tax upon teal and personal property, 1m | officers at as early a day as practicable, or shall | very uct of exclusion might prevent @ person, how- ao ree cries of inteteat tae gumanon | cularly trom other Mexican towns, along the tical operation; and the duty you have betore you | proportion to its value. foo, recommend that | their election be deferred to the general election | ¢ ling, from fulfilling his duty and contribut- , 4 et ee me ousez, which are rudely built, are as a sublime but difficult task, requiring great | provision be made, that no individual who shall re- | in November next? 1 would most respectfully re- | ing his portion towards de the of that gta oe the often with but a single room, and 1 unanimity, vigor and wisdom, in your councils. | fuse to pay his taxes, being able, when they shall | commend that a general election be held through- | the State goveroment. n lly etd ob es Come a unbusnt. br: but. The first question you have to determine is, | be legally demanded, shall permantnad, to bring a | out the State for those officers, at the earliest con- | effectual, and bused upon sounder principles, te Northern 7 threteh poets ine aoe stone. It has a market . OF whether you w illproceed at once with the general civil suit, in any court in this , for the period } vement period. easily be adopted. But we would as soon see an | | hasten to rales = va ee conus vaing? | covering nearly ten acres, in the cenire of which, business of legislation, or await the action of Con- | of one year ; and not then, until all arrearages are It will be necessary to pass a general act in re- | act of disfranchisement d at once, as to be- of t] cece exiatanes prodoeptice ’» | surrounded by a wall of stone,six feet in height, by rees upon the question of our admission into the | paid. This may seem a harsh measure, but it is | ference to the judiciary. 1 recommend that a | hold the doors ofthe. legal tribunals cl st | which, er it Mi Sah ene sy 74 three in breadth at top, inclosing about four acres, bl The convention which formed the consti- | net. ‘The honest individual who pays his tax criminal court be established for the eity of San | a cern, wee might ¥ ly, be wonbllive peassie ane sr er the “alot nd compared ti see 2 parliarly ai ae evkine Cad eohan me i 1 e el i i ri 3 a i re tution under which you have assembled, and the | willnotfeel it, and he who wii ard eres a Francisco ; and also one for the city of Sacra- | taxes. e diffieulty of collecting taxes, for eee sal tention’ and edifices of | built of samme ete ieee le walls ing eople who have ratified it with so great unanimity, | payment of the just dues of the ¢, ought ave settled that questiou for themselves: but they | it. There are some individuals in California, who have not settled it tor you or for me. The same | intend to remain here only while they extract her oath that you and I have taken to support the esa- | gold,and enjoy the protection of her laws, and stitution of Calitornia, also obliges us to support | who would ‘willingly return without paying the constitution of the United States; and whea | anything. This is particularly the case wit! the provisions of the two instrumeots conilet, the | the great mess of fereigners in the country. | In re- constitution of our common country must prevail. | mote sections of the State, it may be very difficult ‘That great instrument, which pow governs more | to enforce the collection of the revenue by levy than twenty million of inhabitants, and links in one | and sale. Mauy individuals, pertectly able to pay, common destinyy thirty States, and 18 to govern | would find means to avoid the cellector. But the the one hundred null that will soon succeed | silent and sure operation of the provision | recom- us, and the {ree States yet to be, must claim | mend, would insure the collection of the revenue ous, and our first and highest | promptly, and with but little expense. There are would be inconsistent with the | few men who would, by their own voluntary act, mento. The business of these cities is so great, | reacons cited in the message, are apparent to all ; that it becomes necesgary to separate the civ and | but they are evils which wal decrease every day. lexico and Yucatan, ducovettid hy Bie. menee rafters of wood, supporting the roof, rise to crimivel jurisdiction, and to place them in sepa- | We sre a little surprised that no allusion is made in | pheas er travellers, dwindle into t o eae the height of forty feet, meeting inthe centre, with- rate and distinct courts. i this poruion ot the meseage to the * civil fund,” | Minor insignificance. And even the largest Shik | out the least support on the inner side, except I would call your attention to the thirty-seventh | collected by General Riley, which has here- | Egyptian pyramids, however vast, is but fe cals | the end walls, which are of, fret strength and section of the fourth article, and to the fourth secs | totore been used in liquidation of the expen- | toy m comparison with the chiet uns oe cared to the top of the ridge; from tion of the eleventh article of the constitution, | ses of the territorial government. It has been | group of mighty ruins; and which has, aud probably | us well as from each of the four corners o having reference to ake ‘organization of cities.| contended that this was illegally collected; but | ever will remain, an enduring memento of @ race | the church, rises a plain conical spire of oariach aud incorporated villages,” and the establishing | with that we have nothing now todo. These in- | of men inhabiung this continent, long anterior to | made from a single block, fifteen feet 4 ‘a system of county and town governments | terested im that matter, will doubtless testthat ques- | the time that divine revelation, or the book of | two and a half feet im diameter at bottom, throughout the State.’* The objects contemplated | tion thoroughly. We conceive though, that a de- | Gen as the period ot the creation of the | four inches at top, without so much as a cross or in these two sections are very important tothe | mand should be made for it by our State govern- world, wever starting the assertion may appear | oynament of any description, except that about peace, beauty and health of our commercial cities. | ment, as rightfully belonging to the poole of Cal- | to majority of the christian world, there 18 | two feet of the top of each’ spire is beautifully Great’ disuess and inconvenience haye already | fornia. We know that General Riley 1s disposed | the mest incontrovertible evidence exhibited in the | gilded. The main entrance is through the north been experienced by the inhabitants of our grow- | to turn it over, unless expressly ordered otherwise * lie writings and inscriptions upon every part d, by a massive doorway, crowned by a high ing towns, for want of some efficient system of | by the United States government. flItcould not be | of these now pidated monuments, of their | Gothic arch. Attached to the opposite or south just ri t nited States, for you to proceed | exclude themselves from the courts of justice, rv t Q i = put ate government into full acersice, I recommend that the ceillectors be authorized to | city government; and until some paseal and | expected that he would turn it over voluntanly, having existed trom betore, and during, and even | of the chureh, are two smaller buildings, for the before be formally admitted into the Unio receive the taxes in California gold, a: the usual | comprehensive system can be adopted, applicable | and render himself individually liable for so largea | long after the general deluge, admitting such an use of the priest und a @w old nuns. ae. you should wuhout hesitation forbear, and |: rates of sixteen dollars per ounce, troy. to ait places in the State, jee a certain number | sum of money ; but the funds could be received event to have taken place. But the most interest- thing peculiar in the internal arrangement of the our people still to sufler on, rather than violate o Were the State revenue to be collected in coin, | of inkebitants, there will be no permanent im-]| upon bonds of the State, which would hold him | 12, a well as satisfactory record as yet deci chueb, nor ore it display the appearance of much: provement in the present untortunate condition of | harmless, and provide an immediate treasury to from the numerous hieroglypiiics thatevery- | w, uld not have been thus parti- things. meet the expenses ot the government. vr: abound, is a loag ead and minute account tion, or even its examination,. I have now suggested to you, gentlemen, such of | As regards the admission of free people of color the gradual approach of a savage and cruel | were it not with a view of gratifs the vamity of the more important measures I have thought it my | into the State, we cannot coincide with the views people from the north and east, making a slow but good old single principle of the great fundamental law of the | it would greatly increase the demand already 80 | great for the Custom House, and would thus ope- no well founded | rate stull more injuriously upon the laboring miner; l apprehend there can e. objections to the proposition ou have the right | besides, it would be almost impossible for persons e to proceed at ric i. put the Siate machine into | in the mines to provide themselves with the coin. | duty to recommend, and the limits of a message | of the executive. We well recollect the excited | suréconquest of the beautiful land ca called, through whose full and practicable operation. The federal govern- | [would also recommend that the revenue law be | would allow ; but there are many other and impor- | state of feeling which prevailed in the Convention, f On, Sparing wo Captive. the locality of these ruias, freely imparted, we ment is one of limited, delegated powers, and al- | so framed, as to require the collector to go around | tant subjects, to which only a Very brief allusion | when the subject was there mooted. A clause was well as their general history from a remote an- | mainly indebted for our speedy and Wuexemplod i can be made. It will be neceseary to pass an act ia | inserted in the constitution, by the exertions of | tiquity, I will give you, in a series of letters, and success. We hed numerous letters to the old man, though eupreme within its appropriate sphere, yet | with the assessers; otherwise one half the revenue, outside that sphere, and in reference to thereserved | in some districts, would be lost in consequence of powers of the States or the people, it has nothing | the frequent change of residence. reference to crimes and misdemexnors, affixing | Gen. McCarver and a few advocates of the pro- | fast #8 we can satisfactorily and correctly translate | from his brother priests in Mexico, and one or two such punishment to each as may be in just propor- | ject; but when the sober secend thought came, it | 1t-. 1wil » however, in addition to the fore- | from the Stetes, recommending us and our enter- tion to the offence, and in the power of the State | Was stricken from the record as a blot uaworthy of | going, that the writings, as we call them, are €n- | prise to his special care and guidance. After eight to So far as their reserved powers are con- The operation of a reasonable and sound system ° z © d, the States are independen! of the general | of caeasitn upon the agricultural resources of the | to inflict, under existing circumstances. 1t would | 2 people who had repudiated for ever slavery from made up of pictures, symbole, or blero days, spentin making the necessary arrangements overnment, of each other, and of the whole world. | country, would. be most decidedly beneficial, ina | also be highly useful to pass an act to prevent the | their shores. It came within an ace of destroying ey » Tequiting the most careful, close, and la- | tor our ens procuring @ large canoe and ite The exercise of other powers conferred by thecon- | very short period. Most of the fine agricultural | desertion of seamen from merchant vessels visiting i work of weeks, and summarily terminating the | borious attention, investi; eqwpment, with provisions for five men for sixty stitution of California ean in no way interfere with | lands of California are now in the hands of a few | our ports. By the laws of all civilized countries, the | Jabers of that body. The evils which he predicts | in order to trace both bac! nat days, and obtaining all the information the rights of the United States, as they only assume | persons, who sufler them to remain wild and ua- | contracts of seemen are regarded as peculiarly | cennot exist; and the interests of no class of the | & certain period the connection that exist relative to the different localities, and th to regulate our own internal, social, and business | cultivated. A few months ago, when the popula- relations with each other. tion wes small, and the wants of the community Perhaps it may be satisfactory to refer to afew | but tew and simple, the natural pasturage of the esamples to be found in the constitutions of some | country, with a limited cultivation of the soil, was of the new States. In the constitution of Missouri, | ample tor all the purposes of lite; but under the sacred, and are, therefore, rigidly and specifically | cornmunity will be jeopardized by the emigration | them, For, unlike any thing heretofore discovered | bless you” of the old priest, we embarked, with our enforetd. ee biacks.” It will be h limited one, and they will | on this eonbnent, orindeed in the whol world, we | two haif Indien half Mexican gusdess(as well ns half I would also recommend the establishment of an | always find their level, in whatever state of society | here have presented to our Tipe, owe ae firmly | brothers) as oarsmen, upon the deep, strong cure inspection for provisions at San Francisco, that our | they #re thrown. | We are not to consider whether | believe, the unbroken history of a people that ex- | rent of the Colorado, Keeping near its eastern people may not hereafter sufler so great losses | their position will be disagreeable to them, but | isted not only for a great length of time since the | jank, to avoid the resistence of its now more than- from the purchage of injured and spoiled provisions. | merely our right to exclude them from California. | building of the Egyptian Pyramids, but cotem- | usuaily rapid current, slowly moving up one of the adopted on the nineteenth, day of July, eighteen | changed cirevumstances, when our country teems 1 Tiara and twenty-three, is “f meetsian that one | with people who must be fed, and when the ponu- | _ It will be necessary to divide the state into coun- | In our minds, we have no euch mght. We weuld | porary with them, and what is more wonderful | most beautiful mvers in the world, throngh a luxus- election should fbe held Raul wi pec State, on | lation is so rapidly augmenting, it is unreasonable, | ties, to determine the number of justices of the | not admit them to all the rights and immunities en- still, far back, and yet still farther into the | meant and delightful country, we reached, a little the fourth Menday of Avgust of the same year, for | if not impossible, that the country should remain | peace; to make provisions for the ackuowledg- | joyed by free whites ; but we would not prevent | mazes of antiquity. ‘For net only do we find | before sunset, the mouth of the Gila river, now-the a Governor, Lieutenant Goyernor, member of Con- | in a state of nature. ment and registration of deeds and the registration | them from im proving their social, moral, and in- | the characters so commen to all the ruins boundary between the States and Mexico. Cross- gress, members of the Legislature, and other off No country can safely depend upon an uncertain | of the separate property of the wife; and to protect | telleetual condiuon, for which our Governor ex- | Of, Central America, but tracing them back, | ing to the northern shore, we d the night at cers. The Legislature were required to meet on | foreign supply of the first necessaries of life. Such | from forced sale a certain portion of the homestead | preeses so tender a regard ; nor should we ever ex- without as yet ave aa precisely their import, we | the residence of a Mexican of considerable iafla- and oiher property of all heads of families. It will | pect to see them “ tor ever fit teachers in all the | reach, by progressive though receding steps, 4 pe- | engs among his own people, as well as the Indiane, also be necessary to make provision for the early | schools of ignorance, vice, and idleness.” We | tiod when they re identical with, and purely | for more than two hundred miles along the vall construction of suitable public buildings, such as | trust that our laws will be. such as to prevent the | the Egyptian ieroglyphic, easily deciphi id | of the Colorado and Gila. With much of the i easily understood. But on arriving at this pe- | proud Castilian im his mapner, he was, neverthe- the third Mond. of a permanent charac is well known that th of September, and to pass laws | @ supply would be subject to all the vicissitudes of at their first session. It | war or peace, would never be regular, and prices ate Was not admitted into would always be fluctuating, either extravagantly the Union upon the first application ; putin the | high, or so low as to discourage importation. The | will answer for the present purposes, and may be | occurrence of this anticipated evil. To us, it x 4 f meantime, a0 faras Lam enabled to state from in- | provisions themselves are generally stale and un- | useful tor public offices hereafter. f would appear that there was a little prejudice in | riod, we tind these, also, taking their rise o less, frank, communicative, hospitable, and intelli- formation, having no access to the records of the | wholesome, and, no doubt, one half the disease sut- You have bebore you a great amount of labor, | the Governor’s views; that he had mounted the | ingtherr origin in other characters or symbols, as | gent; and learning the object of our visit to the State, the State goverument was put into success- | fered in the country has’ arisen from this prolific | and you will have to aseume great and weighty | old Oregon hobby, with a view of satisfying a pal- | far Temoved from the more common Egyptian | Valley: d upon our going with him, the next responsibilities. The first legislature of a new | try few, without uny consideration for the inte- | hieroglyphics, as are the characters the last in use | morning, a distance of three miles or more to the State, under ordinary circumstances, havea dilfi- | rests of the mass. Can it be urged, for one single | by this highly intelhgent but extinct race, and yet | north and east, to examine some ruins, which, on eleerly connected, as 18 the now written, though | some accounts (hongh not as extensive as those of ful operation. Her members of Congress were not | source. When those who own such immense permitied to take their seats,and she was excluded | tracts of rien, fertile, and beautifal lands, now ina fiom all voice in the nations! legislature ; but, so | state of nature, producing no rents or profits, shall | cult duty to discharge. But our position upon the | moment, that the free blacks, coming as they do, far as her mere inte al relations wane ponserned, have to pay tax : upon them, in proportion to their | Pacific ocean, the relation we bear to the other | and as ‘they will come, in limited ‘nuinbers, are | gredually changed language of the last ten centu- | the «City of the Dead World,” already described, “| worse than the herd of Sonorans, Chilanos, and | M¢3. and with which he was familiar), he believed to be States of the Union, and to the civilized and semi- oe i . civilized, would impose upon us peculiar responsi- | the miserable, degraded, lazy, and imbecile In- | . Permit me here to make le digression. | the most remarkable of any yet discovered. Early bilities. "We have to develope the great resources } diens, the degenerate children of the red men? | You recollect the strong belief I entertaimed and | on the following morning—having fortified oure of our new country. Our commercial advantages | We are flooded with this vile class, and yet not a | ¢*Pressed to you, of the existence somewhere on | elves with an excellent breakfast of coflue, beef are greater than our mineral, great as those ure. | word is said—it is all * Hail, fellow, well met,” | the American continent, if not totally obliterated | steak, and sweet potatoes—we were mounted, each ‘The latter will supply us the necessary capital to | with them; but when a free negro “risen by the corrodings of time, of the worke ot a peo- | ypon an unshod though fleet and easy horse, and a8 she had the sume rights before that she had after | value, they will find it their interest to sell out por- her admission. . tions to those who will cultivate them; and thus in the constitution of Michigan, adopted in con- | encouraging the agricultural industry of the coun- vention, began and held on the Ith day of May, | try, and at the same time greatly increasing the 1835, it is provided that an election be held for | value of the portions not sold. In the last fifteen Governor, Lieutenant Governor, members of the | months, the number of cattle in the country has Legislature, and a representative in Congress, on | been rapidly decreasing, while our population has the first Monday of October of the same year, and | increased in the same ratio. Fresh meats are in- the first mec ting of the Legislature was held onthe | dispensable to our health, and cannot be imported ; first Monday of November, 1535. In that year, | and if this state of things should continue only a Congress wés not in session after the 4th day of | few years longer, the increased expenses of living March until the first Monday of December follow- | will be so great, that mining and other kinds of ing, so that the State government of Michigan was | business must cease to be profitable. The consti- in full operation before application could be made | tution makes it the duty of the legislature to en- build our commercial cities and to carry on the | infinitely superior, a hue and cry 18 raised, le, which, if a record could be obtained, would | making our way, at u rapid pace, over a country of” most extended commerce. we were hunting down a wolf. "ind what 6 Carry us back to a period in the “Sy the world, geutly vist inhieke pvr with perpen We shall soon be in close commercial inter- | we say of our beautiful convict emigration from | of which all history is silent. My predictions | verdure, with here and there a group of giant trees, course with the teeming population of the old | South Wales? Oh, nothing! ‘That es all_per- | Were based upon the light obtained by the recent | soon reached the border of a lotty elevation or world. The rich and cheep productions of Asia | feetly right! Sydney can pour as many of examination of the interior of a newly discovered d, commanding an extensive and magnificent are already pouring into our ports, and a few years | outcasts of Great Britain as she likes into the | Pyramid in lower Egypt, which for ages has re- | view of the valleys of both rivers, and the gently will give us the wholesale trade of the eaure | country, and we smulingly bid them welcome to | Memed unknown, from having been big med rising, rolling country on the west of the Colorado. Northwest Coast. We havea new community | our shores. It is a well ascertained fact, that | buried beneath the sands of the desert. There, | Here, upon a natural elevation, or an immense ar- to Congress for her admission into the Union. | courage agriculture—that first and noblest of all | to organize—a new State to build up. We have | very many desperate characters have arrived, and | in, one of its hidden recesses, upon a tablet | tifieial mound, that rises, with an easy grade. These reasons and precedents would seem to | industrial pursuits; but I am not aware of any | also to czeate and sustain a reputation in the face | are on their way, from New South Wales; and al- | Of imperishable stone, 1s the record of the | Jeast thirty feet above the level of the surroui leave no doubt of your right to proceed atonce other means at pretent within your power, than | of the misconceptions of our character that are en- fa le portion of the emigration may be a very | €istence of a country beyond the most dis | pigin, stends the monument of a people, with the arest business of legislation, so imperious- | those ] have suggested. f _ | tertained elsewhere. But we have the most ample | worthy class, yet its general character is bad. Bat | tent islands of the eastern seas, inhabited | :,ory’of whom had passed away long ere tradition ly demanded by the destitte and pores te condi- That portion of our people resident in California | and the most excellent materials of which to con- | this evil is nothing, in comparison with that of ad- | by @ numerous, heppy aud highly intelligent | had taught their savage conquerors, by song or tion of the country ; and | would, therefore, most before its cession to the United States, have not earnestly recommend you to set about the great been accustomed to a system of direct taxation; and difficult task before you, without hesitation or | and being the principal owners of the Janded pro- delay perty of the country, may not at first understand Among the first and most important of your | the justice or the necessity of the revenue system duties, besides the local legislation necessary for our constitution and condition make it indispensa- struct u greut community and a great State. The | mitting a handful of blacks. Out upon sucha per- | People, and from whom the mysteries of wri- | dence, to record the history or story of their ex- t migration to this country from the Siates east of | secution and proscription. It we are to guard our | ting by symbols, and a knowledge of the arts and | istence. Upon a triangular base of blue gramte, the Rocky mountains, consists of their most ener- | innocent community frem contamination, let ua | S€nces, had been obtained. Aud never was pre- | ten fuet on every side, and more than two feet getic, enterprising, and intelligent populauon, while | make a [bth thing of it,and not come down | “ictign or conjecture more amply verified. Ame- | th etand three triangular pillars of the samema- the mid and the idle, who had neither the energy | with such virtuous indignation on an insignificant | '¢# must be that country beyond the eastern seas: eleven teet high, and measuring three feet nor the means to get here, were left to remain at | und harmless clase. and though its numerous and happy people are all | seross each of their the State, will be the adoption of a civil and crimi- | ble for you to adopt. The Mexican government | home. i . Ls nig The recommendation of his excellency with | gone, and century after century of storm and sun- | nade of a single block. Their bottoms are set ual code ot law for her government. This isan derived no revenue from California, except that | Either a brilhant destiny awaits California, or | reference to the importance of immediately pat- | shine, earthquake and convulsions, and the spolia- | pearly four feet distant from each other, while their cb_ect of supreme importance ; and it is the more produced by @ high tariff upon imports. These | one the most sordid and degraded. Sach will be | ting into force a system of judiciary, st to | Hons of succeeding races of barbarous men have | tops are brought nearly together, and probably, so trom the consideration thet the action of the | taxes were paid by the people in the shape of exor- | merked by strong and decided characteristics | the wants of the country, meets our cordi appro- | posted over it, yet all combined hes not been able when first erected, touched. On their top rests a first Le ture will hardly be disturbed by any | bitant prices for the merchandise oo purchased. | Much will depend upon her early legislation. To | val and claims our eupport, as well as the neces- | '0 blot out the evidences of their superior learning | single triangular bloele, peekests r early alx aches f the pill succeeding one. What shall be done now, cannot But this portion of our population will soon learn | confine her expenditures within due bounds—to | sity of passing a general act relative to the an- | and skill in architectural yperiese as exhibited in | beyond the tops of rs, or seven feet on be touched or changed hereatter, but at great cost | that, under our syetem, the federal government can | keep the young State out of debt, and to make her | ization of the cities and incorporated villages, | ‘he numerous and vastly magnificent structures, | ether side, and which, even now, though cen- snd inconvenience. The new State of California alone levy duties upon importe—that the State can- | punctual aod just in all her engagements, are some | and the eetablishment of a system of county and | scattered here and there over a large ey of cen- | tunes have elapsed, is still more than two is now in @ position to adopt the most improved | not do s6, and has only left to her a resort toa | of the sure and certain means to advance and se- | town government throughout the State.” We | ‘ral and northern America; and the veil of obsc feet thick at the centre; and thongh time, and enlightened code ot laws to be found in | eyetem of direct taxation to raise those means in- | cure her prosperity. I hope we may be able to | all feel the urgency of some system more in | ty that hes been.so long wrapt around these relics | or the hand of violence, has greatly defaced any of the States. The science of law is not | dispensable to the very existence of the government | build up for her a reputation, that will bear the | consonance with the spint of the institutions | fo unknown people, seems «bout to be drawn | end rounded the corners upon every part of yet fully pertected, end admits of some im- | itself, They will also see that our constitution | just criticiem of the sensible, fair and candid of all | under which we were raised, than that at present | aside, and an-ere in the world’s history introdaced, | this singular structure, enough remains to point provement, and in our new position we can lishes the first principle that all property shall pares, as well as the vindictive assaults of | in operation. As regards the agricultural in- | of which, thangh with all the accumvlated learn: | cyt, minutely, its org form. The sur- Teadily adopt ail the improvements that the be taxed in proportion to its value; and that the | her enrmies, and the errors and indiscre- | terests of the country, no endation 1s | ing of centuries, we know nothing. But I will | faces of the ends of these pillars, both at top and researches and expericnce of others have made. | Legislature has no power or right, either to favor | tions ot her friends. Be sli your efiorts to ac- | made calculated to promote them, while the im- | *€culate no turther am relation to the existeace, | boitom, are at nght angles with their sides, and et my most careful atteation or epprees ony Claes of persons, bat must look to | compleh thie great object. You may depend vpoa i veesity cf eo doing is made very ap- | veh less the origin or final fate, of this now | both base end capstoue have recesses cut for seme yeurs past; and as the result of my own — the property iteelf, in whose hands soever it may | my most cordial co-operation in all such measures tion of his excelleney’s views sur- | ¢tinet People 5 but will leave it, to be brought out | them, at such an angle as to make a perfect jot. convictions, | recommend the adoption of the fol- be found. “They will also learn, that the same | as | can conscientiously approve. And now, rely- it is possible | by # careful investigation of the records they them- | Directly over the centre of each columa or pillar, lowing codes, so far as they are applicable to the American manufactures, upon which they were | ing with sincere but humble confidence upen the Tong an expes | ®elves have left, for the admiration and study of a hole four and a half wches in diameter, ani condition of the State, and not modified by the coa- accustomed to pay such bigh duties, now come into | fever eud protection of the Supreme Ruler, who | rience apd so many examples of the fallacy of the | us ard of succeeding ages. 1 will now endeavor | pearly filled with a metal much resembting zine, stitution or the vote of the Legislature. our ports duty free, and that they are compensated | governs nations as well xs individuals, I subseribe | very doctrine he advocates, ond our feeble | to give youn somewhat minute description of the | but which our fri i ‘The definition of crimes and misdemeanors — for the direct taxes they pay, in the increased value | myselt Your fellow citizen, comprehension. We allude e recommenda | location and vastness of these ru though lan- | some silver. W cour, Need in the common law of England. of their property, and the decreased prices of the Perer H. Bernerr. | tion of en ios tion for San Fran- | evege, a8 | am cepable of w , utterly _— ‘imen, a | alyza- 2. The English law of evidence. merchandise they consume. 3 " * . e thought that the exam afforded by | Gtete to convey @ proper id) the same. » on. i was po! te theee 3. The English commercial law ; it has been as truly as beautifully said, that a | Te Governor's oe of the | cher States had leon sufficient to prevent any pd out dwelling for « moment upon the common-place | holes in a melted state, and, wistber Gott pasows 4. The civil code of State of Louisiana. wise legislator adapts his action to circumstances. (From the Alta California, Dec 31.) from having the te to advocate incidents of a voyage al we reiched,on the | through the capstone and into the pillara, making 5 The Louisiana code of practice. These he cannot create or remove—he ean only | 4; je with extreme reluctance that we confess | bensible a system. i Sth of May, the entrance to the gulf of California, | one of the strongest and most endari f . herd of hungry office-seekers and toadies mi and 1m five days more were at anchor in a small i of the skill and workmanship of an aacient people. These codes, it is thought, would combire the | conform to things he cannot control. He must | ourselves disappointed in this important emanation Ps well be expe to ate such a measure | bay, en the northeastern side of the island Ignacto, | "The inner surfaces of these pillars still retain best features of both the civiland the comma law, | take mankind and society as he finds them, not as | from the head of the new State government. And and at the same time omit the most objectionable | he would make them. He may so shape his laws he te ’ 5 warmly, for the sops from the public pan are sa- | *ituated about thirty-five miles south of the north- | merous t 1 th ti f 1 portions ofeach. The ervil code of Louisiana was as to produce a gradual rmprovement ; but he can- pot do Bob Rp es peel ae vor, po-schne f to them. oa York ped on ne biter ern extremity of the gulf. This island, fifty miles an mals, inte ised with bie he yohic angen und costly lesson from her inspecto! d Louisi- | in length, from north to south, and from ten to | of which, together with the whole stru compiled by the most eble of American juris contains the most extensive and valuable references prejudices of a community. . to authorities—has undergone no material changes Our constitution has wisely prohibited slavery for the lest twenty year: fits simplicity, | within the State; so that the people of California hot expect nt once to Teverse or overcome even the | jn yelation to its mente, both asa literary produc. » No good ever rose fr ex. | twenty in width, is one of great beauty and fertili- | plete, we have taken a cept to the inspecto: ves, wae subsisted | ty, #beunding in nearly every production common upon the public mo: to the northern limit of the torrid zone, and inha- and as a State paper. From the reputation of vernor Burnett, entleman of acquirements and information upor questions of State policy, brevity, beauty, neeuracy, and equity, is perhaps are once end for ever free from this great land | we inspectors will pot prevent the introduction of a | bied by a few indolent, half-civihzed and mixed | conjecture, to give unequailed. : Political evil. But the constitution has made no | WC ,had expected an abler, & tae, cod pound of ed ‘provisions into the market, | Fece of the Spaniard, Indian and Negre. Daring | forthe most part, its provisions almost entirely relate to general | pro in reference to the settlement ot free low what we hada right to expect— | While it willamerease the cost of wholesome food | & three days? =e upon the island, our crew ea- | wood. Entering it, we Were struck with surprise at tubjects, not local, and would be quite applicable peonle « color withia our limits, but has left the | the various recommendations being crude and un- | © ‘he consumer. The buyer knows the article he | £¢g¢d m n water and fruits, we m : fiy ouk, more than nine feet in circum- fo the condition ond circumstances of the State. Legislature to adopt such legislation upon this de- | digested, and devoid both of elegance and clearness | Perchtses, end is not compelied to trust to the | #tiell of several miles into the interior, with @ View | ference the ground, surrounded by a hag ‘The civil law, the basis of the Lonistanacivil code, licate and important subject, nay be deemed | of diction. Messages, although requiring the ut- | Judgment of others, end suffer from frauds which | f seeing what the people on the island ave, trom | of solid stone, in every part at least aside from its mere political max d so far most eseential to th r people. The | most deliberation, the deepest thought, and the | must always be practised under the system. Let | time immemorial, called * The City ofthe Dead | inches in diameter. Involuntarily we ra ouly ag it assumes to regulate th ourse of ass of persons trom the | clearest expression, are generally compiled in haste; | US have ne inspectors of provisions, or if we do, | World.” By an easy ascent over a beautiful coun- | eyes tewards the top of the tree, asa child men with eech other, is a system, of the most re- S nd from all offices of honor oF | and ynto this fault has our new execuiive permitted | Ze usixepectors of boots and shoes, and every | tf¥, covered with every possible variety of forest | 1 ihe end of its finger, to see how it could have reed and d principles of equity | profit under the State. i himecif to fall. He commences with an allesion iele that is brought the market, and thus | timber, with here and there the residence of some | heen placed there; buta clean trunk, forty or fifty So great n of the cases that For some years past | have given this subject my | 16 the novel and mteresting state of Culitornia, to | *atiely a few more of those who wish to feed like miserable Mexican halt-breed, we reached the sum- | feet high, with a wide spreading top, is no solutien Will exise in our courts, for some years to come, most serious and candid attention; and I most | ity primitive condition, prier to the remarkable dis. | ¥eMpires upen the public. mit et ap elevated table of land, nding to the | of the mystery; you next examine the ring more must be decided by the princ of the civil law, cheerfully lay before you the resultof my own | covery of the gold mines, and ite subsequent rapid | There are many matters which we had hoped | #w'h and west e unbroken | fe closely, to see there is no deception, and you tind that the smady of its leading features will be forced | reflections ‘There ie, in my opinion, but one of | Prowshs und refers with evident pride 10 the fact, | 1 re€ mentioned, but which are not alluded ta, | Stately forest trees, und piles of it a rolid rock of granite, defying as weil the out. vpon our judges and our inembersot the bar. Tha two consistent courses to take in reference to this | hat in the midat of the whirl of excitement that | €Ven en passant.’ ‘Lhe mines should have claimed | ble, and in every form and position imaginable. | ward pressure of the growing tree, ax the repented more than @ brief allusion in the early part of the | Fer the most part, however, the blocks are from | blows from a heavy hammer. There were no less meseoge. Their importance to California @s im- | t¢” to fourteen inches square, and from fifteen | than nine of there huge rings, em og a8 many menee—they are the vital spark of her exist- | Inches to five feet in length, but many of them bro- | trees, some of them, however, quite small. There ence, and come expression cf opinion in regard to | keu in numberless fragments, and lying in ridges | were but two, like the one first described, an which them might reasonebly be locked to by the peo- | fem three to fifteen feet high, and poy inclo- | the tree completely filled the ring three feet in die civil code of Louwiena, being amere condensation | clase of population; either to admit them to t " Cf the most valuable portion of the ¢ Id full and frre enjoy ment of all the privileges guaran. | bre existed since that event, the people have cone greatly lessee the labors of our jarists and prac tied by the constitution to others, or exclude them | ‘Thi. sentiment will awaken a responsive echo in tieners; and from the simplicity, and yet com from the State. If we permit them to settle in our | the breast of every good citizen. He says truly hedeive neture State, under existing circumsti thot the representatives of the people, assembled to ledge of the g priveiples of the law might them, by our own institutions, a =" oo into operation, have ple of by the government and the | *vres of every conceivable shape bat the | smeteron the inside. Three others, and amon; the more readily be diffused among the people. A our own society, to a subordinate and degraded | $4 ,the Stale government into o Crease fecpie of the Atantic State Nor isthe wubject | kreater part bout forty feet square, while some | them u California rine, though yer ctamling, ate eft nent copies of both the civil esition, which is in i of slavery. | unenimity, vigor and wisdom in councils. [t | tf public education ovee alluded to; and there are | Were sixty, eighty, and even one hundred feet, consequence of these ligatures abeut and the code of practice, could be pr bey would be place: where they | ia co, indeed: and our met not forget | s¢ne 0 hardy os to deny the importance of early ridges of the same material crossing their d the prostrate trunks of others, im every Orjense, at much less cost than they could be pub- would have no efficient mot jor moral er im | iit the eyes of Calgornia as well as the world are | ®ction op the subject. Our population will aot les. Near the centre of the | stage of decay, and in afew instances still sur- lighed here 4 tual improvement, but remain i ouf | uno the d th: ‘acts rests the future | be always a full grown one, and the weal of young nimmense mound or pyramid of loose | rounded by their death-ring, seemed like aad mo- The grave and delicate subject of revenue midst, tensible of their degradation, unhappy Tospent the State. Let them fornia must be looked to, a8 “bone of our boae, | §'(nes, two hundred feet square at ite base, and | pitors speaking to the living trees, unfortunately to which 1 would call your themeclves, enemies to the institutions and the | {eci'to it well, and legusete without “fear, favor, | «td freh of our fleeh.” ‘The rising generation | forty feet hugh, having an aregular crater of basit | begirt by these rings; “So large canst thou From the best estimate I hav secitty whose usages have placed them there, and | atiection, or hope of reward.” The Governor re: | clvim eur earmest attention, and we must provide | 19 118 top, fifteen feet deep. Surrounding this py- | but no larger.” ‘There are above ground forty. make, t expenses of the $ for ever fit teachers in ail the schools of ignorancey | tarke, that it the Legislature to determine | for the inrellectoa) as weil as the social and moral ad, one bundred and forty yards from its base, | three whole ones, and nearly as many more broken men r, will reach halfa million of | vice, and idleness. ‘ whether they wi once proceed with the general | Culture of the yet unborn babe. Both of these | i” # perfect circle, and at equal distances from each | in two, three and four pieces, ‘cquatens than half collers ; nba d that sum. Our position upon the Pacific, oar commercial ere of ion, OF await the action of | tubjects were quite as important, it would appear | Other, are seven circular ridges of these sume ever- | an gere, and probebly as many more beneath the This t can be n wo modes end mineral attractions, would bring swarms ol | Congress pen the question of our admission into | 10 Us, i our humble judgment, as that of either | /#sting loore broken iy oy of stone, sixty | surface. Unlike the situation of nearly every ruin —evher or by taxatwon. The first of these this population to our shores. Already we have | ihe Upiom. He admits that the people, by their | {se negroes or ingvectors. Jards in circumterence at their base on the inner | gs yet seen, this singular edifice or stracture was modes i le on many ace v The residue of the message is in good taste, bat | Side, with on averege of twenty feet in —_ 2 | placed io a deep cavity orbaen » Ei ‘ears the impress of having been indicted wit a | ‘be centre of each is a conical mound of the same | “ It is evident that these rings were once square- » ew to coneiliate all parties: material, and about the same height, with one ex- | edged, nearly or quite two feet thiek, ool oe The Legulature have indeed before them a vast | ¢*? — id this is the only instance where any- | upon each other, forming «hollow columa. [a a Amount of Isbor, and will require the active co- | thing like a perfect wall remains visible amid this | semi-cireular form, fifteen feet apurt, and operation of the Executive. In this, we are con- | Vest astemblage of unmeaning ruins. [n this | three to seven fret above the present surface, are vinecd that the assurance which his Excellency | Téund solid column of masonry, thirty-six feet high, | the unmoved portions of #1x of these colamas. To- f out, that the Legislature may depend upoa | thirty feet in circumference at the surface, of an | gay that they are the foundations, would be rong. ix most cordial co-operition in all such measures | *¢¢vmulation of stone about its base eight feet | for faces or tops of these hollow ts: he can conreientiovsly approve, is perfectly sine | gb, that have, at some really remote period ft y filled with earth and decayed crre. We kave evflicient confidence in the first | ! from ite top. And here it stands, worn leaves, may be but the middle of the columns; elected Governor of the ‘aliforn furrewed by the el of centuries, Without 80 | certain it is, that one of them offers very little re- to believe that h of any description, to | sistance whi pened is thrust into it, to what he believes to be her interes ' qT feet below the surface of the —— A r he: se colaumas were ele~ ‘The Military and Civil Government. i nd ite singular remains. Covered, as it 1#, | vated above the presen it is tony with a luxuriant growth of grass and flowers, with | determine. If they were all prostrated at the Terns Lge ee ansibend b forest Fgeyh frat age, here and there — time, they fell an di directions, pew Exec re jog been jostalled eperee ten thin meloeures as wit! it traced: with the of the | ond the fact that ali tradition teaches that it was pom ote high rate of interes hich money se mards in the markets of Californ the Stee from neg i terogenous mass of homan beings, of every every hue. That period is ras hen the nm eadily come . would prevent except at such rae is - for the Legislature = decide . ert will do #0 OF not, contending that ” ede tated ‘a the fires, oni highest Suty, of the “ rament, H ue to the constitution of the United Sta fe tains willYender slave labor of little or no values | 5, commends, however, that their action should be und when javeetments sn that species of property | jnimeciate. We conceive that he has taken too feveloped, than that will eease to be remunerative, If measures are timid a otas nd without the specious reavonin: h has proved so dias not early taken by thu te, slaves will be manu- | which he dduced to cor © the Legiletere #0 many pew States. As between indivi- mitied im the slave States, amd eontracts nade | Ofiheir hte, he might have boldly assumed s exceedingly doubtful whether the credit with them to labor as hirelings fora given num- | Poctton which the oth le wah cote wane n the whole, has produced most good ber of years, and they will be brought to California | Fosticn wi ned ~ vor of We tend ost evils and the objeetion applies, with meh in great numberae> Cur State is now in a position | 7 CT ee ay that we have a perfect fight to l rewter for organized States or communities, | 10 luke ane ficient stand upon this subject. A few Eee’ Me ~ ar as the ete el the country ve. here is semething wrong in principle in the very _yeare delay will make it almost, if not quite, im- | M10 ™ thet yenpteet end meet energetic nN \g our burthenstipon posterity. When possible to do that which can be #0 easily accom- | Yip Stet end erlminel eede of rd ney to construct some greatand plished now. If Caldornia will take a decided pd. hh rowel otueter OF © cunreme - ment, and leaves future genepa- | Stand now, and firmly maintain it, a few years ex. | Sires wich ey sel on on cebt, she also leaves them the work perience will demonstrate the practical auity of | LPtinnees the menenge recommends the adoption sort of compensation. The viola- the meaeore. That wenk and sickly syimpathy— | ©! “(he cefinvion in ae Tae almost every variety of the human race among us sony have determined vpon this course, but ar- eee, and al increase of 0 pe or Some ee ts principle consists tm the preeent generation that miaplaced merey, that would hesitate 10 adop: totned tp che commas law of a, tcvetitution ef the State the hereby re- | Always £0, clearly ite great antiquity. ‘That | hore n fener ne Ko So aad assuming to act for and to bind the next without @ salutary measure to-day, but would euiler all the he 0 | ‘ SS ja thus | it was the abode of men possessing aknowledge of | are the Seopeet AAD bv apes their conse Bat the case is still worse, when a | inevitable consequences of to-morrow, may cua- tice. Upon these matters we ~ parepy ey A ‘thanks | the arts, far superior to the present race ot Indi extend to or near the base J viyne tes State borrows money to defray the ordinary ex. sider the pohey | propose as harsh in its cha i eouneg t© warrant us Kind attentions, and for the uniform | OT their ancestors, and that these ridges J have been covered by the ling up of the ree of her civil administration ; because she teeter; but if it ie ealeulated to predace the Jeet it shoul! appear like pre, | eUppert which they have given {0 the meseures of hie | Mounds Of stones, with scarcely the appearance of | basin in which they |. Mr. Bla queaths a debt to posterity, without any means greatest good to the greatest number, it is wes Tor trade one Heuted kagttodne of Gen ‘he prtvetpal cbjeet of all hie wishes | earth intermixed, are the failen walle of their babi- | gre hes teken « to pey it. It would be similar to the case of afa- the best humanity. It could be ao ' favor, pa ese "he valde f nears cl he people & government of | tatione—none can look upon them and for a mo- pag fa) the tan’ cs ther borrowing money for his own purposes daring | and no kindness, to permit that class of popula apt Netafie pe Ae Bao and one » ander the favor of | ment doubt. Rut by whom, or when, these mil! and fallen, the broken columns juiting out of the his lite, and expending the same upon objects tran- to settle in the State, doder such humiliating ¢ Ag ye et jones, will ercure thele own prosperity and | lions of regulatly shapen stours, were carved a gh yt - sitery in their character, and when he makes his ditiens, although they might think otherw tot iinportance alluded « and ibe permanent welfare of tbe new atete. | the mountain's side, some five miles distant, Fings and frepamente in every cogecivable positions Will, 1 put in. ® clanse that his children shall pay Whue 1 Would be a most serious injury to we. We | Pe bs ey ad wousnne. r — BS RILEY. veyed and erected into stately edit which hive | some on thelr edges, half embedded in the the ‘debi, while, at the same time, he leaves them have certemly the right to prevent any class of po- | I™Portent ene, ie that of revenue. Ke estima 8. A..bna Governor of Califsraia, | 10 I the semb! Leet oan bar g ayainst each other, nothing to pey with pulation from setthag im our State that we may | h <urtens (are “4 a it 18 impossible to determine; for never | forming a most singular and ite! ‘The only available and jnst mode of procuring deem injurious to our own society. Had they beea | 6*T at ie HALLECK. Thine so utterly barren, of all record of their | Cn our return from the the indispensable means of supporting the State born here,end had acquired rights in consequence, bs moderate Taso ameem, be on Captain and Secretary of State. own history as theee. to make a more government, is by « system of direct taxation ; the | Lehould not recommend eny measures to expel | )o* ha te fey jee, cher ye, can . Der. ‘on board the ship, we reached Most fair, simple and jast mode of taxation ever | them. They are not now herr, except a few in | De tained s pA sity ‘oncur with n the mouth of the Rio Color early on the Fesoried to The people then kaow distinctly | Comparison with the numbers that would be here ; | Mim. Wee wardially eomeus Nath Noe (Orders morning of Thursday, the 17th, and slowly Sache icweines of government cost them, and and the object is to keep them evt. i the \ | ing the forewer, I yn? jousia every way, and | mit he ee nae movin current, before noon of the | why the necessity of their bei which 18 the more desirable, a plain republican goe | Ca'l Your Most Ferious atteption to this subject, be- | Te 4 ay he moh. asses rt wich — mevt Das this day a “a tee ite the little town of pes 8 vast expendi te of labor! Vernment, edministered upon economical princi- | lieving it te be one of the firet importanee Renehe win enanee. cee aaaten, See ire in California, to, the exegation of, Ube go: a bible, where cabana ae, tek ples, oF a more extravagant svetem of expenditure; |. The constitution provides that the eeesionsof the | 'P SS i Cecio and we coer = Ce aks seegee of Collberas, sauce dieu to our worthy captain and crew, eneily gohed. then ane o and if they should not be willing to pay enough to legislarure shall be eonval, on the first Monday of 4 «Weral election emberked on board the long boat, and were eoon | the only relics to be seen inthis land carry on en economical governmer t, it we Jopvary. It ale provides that members of the | ) 2. Brevet Captain H, W. Halleck. Corpe of Engineers, | sntely lended on a beautiful beach, a short distance od fille ( p< solve the great problem whether they legislature shall be chosen on the Tuesday next | ja relleved from duty ae of State, below the town. Pei ‘of both’ sexes, of eve bly bal ee Sa able of self government oF not. ‘The people of | alter the firet Monday of November, unless other- : "By order of GEN, RILEY. : pean gumhere, Bodh ) aun érvorts od Semtnalok Pe Coane helen Tage Je and inicet 5 | wiee ordered bp the legislature. | The legiclature, | ry act uson the. subject Ep. U. 8. Casey, Aaw't Ad't General around ue, wondering or oo ovbers, within the ev of @ mile of two. . me and willing, to at its fi ersicn, ie required to a int a Comp. | . . eeertior e t's crew and vessel; whic! ‘i e mt Gen Gey. At property they have com. General, three Justices of the Sapreme Court, and | °>" Y 4 e ‘ meen 08 | * | de h t, and was soon lost to werd, dated with hy na mands a high and ready price, paid in the Ny . , from bringing @ evil suit ny court in the State | ypy ihe artivel of the California, and the streets ; . ere a gr there a grove, metals ; and labor meets such tm le reward, 1 istrict Courte; bat Judges veer; end not then, till arrearage are wil | pave vocal with eries such aa the above. “Here | pieve r onde Ce 4 et diditalty, we p eergat ot 4 7 ‘tou og yt ee no healthy man can complain of poverty. T. ., He saye that “this may seem a harsh mea- | they ere, eit, only one dollar a copy,” saida tall, | Cor iop comfortable quarters + Rev apen the in'orm tien 4 ved ‘ Paptang every man in hie person and pr and we exclaim with Hamlet, musical toned genive in frent of our oflice, “New ae comers bead of a. Colors bo 1 Oar by a eri For the protection it gives his person, he o by the people © Nay it ie, T know not eeome '* Orleans vee ane Delta, Naw J ork Herald, below Ho evptnenee With. the ob vine i en pay & capitation or pol) tax ; and for the pro are most umportant, and the gov- it weuld be en weyustifable and tyranni bana Molice Gactte.”"—Alta Cali- | Gile, and contains about thirteen hundred inhabi- ‘ . " nate §