The New York Herald Newspaper, February 4, 1850, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. Nerthwest corner of Fulton and Nassau sts, JAMES GORDON BENNETT. PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR THE DAILY HERALD, 2eents per copy—BT per OR~ “Thi WEEKLY HERALD, for reulation on thie Con- every Sater ate per copy or circula Tops, printe sat 6% cents per copy, oF SS per aR- 4 SKLY HERALD. every Monde ents per copy, $1 per annum; six copter to clubs BB per vnnur glam ane VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, contami portant news, solicited from any quarter of the wo im- ait We eannot return resected communted AMUSEMENTS THIS BVRNING, Astor Place-No Panronmance, Bowery — Wanvgninc Jew — OPERA HOUSE, BOWERY TURATRE, Binox oy Comoam BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Jratous Wirs— Laven Wun You Cas. BURTON'S THEATRE, © mu.¥— Oin DUTCH Gov NATIONAL Teovenis bors stroet—Seurove Fa- THEATRI AD QuEE: Chatham square — Suppen Stausse Twine. Wororkyun Wow, Nore. CHRISTY'’S OPERA NOUSE—Erniortan Mivsre every. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Anvaive Peavonmarcns, Ar- FRRNOON AND Brerin’ MELODEON - Warts —Biacw Starve Hew York, Mouday, February 4, 1850. Kews this Week. We are to have plenty of news this week. The Empire City, Ohio, and Cherokee will arrive, with one month’s later intelligence from California and other parts of the Pacific ; and the Europa will be due at Halifax on Wednesday, with two week's later advices from Europe. Between now and next Sunday, our columns will be enriched with interesting, and perhaps importaat, news from all parts of the world. Whe British Government, and Canadian Annexation, We have at length received a reliable and offi- cial account of the exact position and policy which the British government intends to assume towards the movement now in mid career in Canada, for | the separation of that country from the British crown, and its imcorporation with the United States. The despatch of Earl Grey, dated in Downing street, on the ninth of January last, and addressed to Lord Elgin, Governor of Canada, has been published in Toronto, and was received here | on Saturday by telegraph, and given to the public ia the columns of the Herald of yesterday. This de- spatch sets aside all mystery and doubt regarding the | important policy now about to be assumed by the Bri- tish government towards Canada and the colonies. This policy is a declared position, and permanent opporition, in every form and shape, towards§sepa- ration {rom the British crown, or annexatien to any other power. That clause in this despatch 1s #0 important, as clearly indicating the intentions of the British government, that we reproduce it for the benefit of the public With regard tothe address to the people of Canada, in favor of severing tke province from the British dominions, for the purpose of annexation to the United States, which forms the subject of three of these de- spatches, | have to inform you that her Majesty ap- proves of your baving dismissed from har service those who have signed the document, which is scarcely short of treasopable in ite cbaracter Her Majesty confidently relies on the loyalty of t great majority of her Canadian subjects, and she has therefore determined to exert all the authority that belongs to her, tor the purpore of maintaining the eon ction of Copada with this govermment, being ne suaded that the permanence of that connection is high- ly advuptegeous to both Your Lerdship will therefore wi @ commanded by her Majesty to y attempt which may be paration of Canada from the British mark in the strongest manner her Majesty's displearure with all those who may, directly or indirectly, encourage such a design; and, if any at. tempt of this kind eb t tho who are guilty of it may, recording to such advice as receive from your law advisers, be made re- for their condnct in a court of justice ‘will Dot fail to take the necessary m: res for bi ing them to acocunt tand that you to the utmost Resistance in the imperial and colonial govern: ments is now the policy to every attempt that may Be made to bring about a separation of Canada from Britich dominion. ‘The doubt and mystery that heretofore enveloped this subject are dissi- pated, and it it ismght in the British government | to prevent any separation, they have acted with | great propriety towards all parties, in making it | fully and unequivocally known in Canada, and | through all the Briush dominions. From the first, we were in great doubt, notwithstanding the ru- mors to the contrary, that the British government could ever consent to look with any degree of favor on such a movement as that which proposed a separation of any part of their colonial dominions from the empire. This was a very natural doubt. If the epint of agitation in Canada had by any process succeeded in separating that country from British power, it would be merely the beginning of a great game, which would have influence and would operate on all the colonial dommions throughout the world, connected with the British Islands. The West Indies, the East Indies— everywhere, 1n fact, we have no doubt, the same general iden, had Canada been successful, would prevail; and in a few years the British empire, on which the sun never sets, would be reduced to ita ancient territory in the British Islands. The revo- lution and successful separation of the thirteen colonies, which now form the United States, did not in its day operate very much against the gra- dual increase of British power throughout the world, because the home government in that cen- tury pursued a uniform policy, consistent with in- evitable necessity. Any encouragement from the British government towards Canadian annexation, course of a few years. Indeed, as matters stand, the social revolution which was accomplished in the West Indies, by the emancipation of the slave population, may be considered the first step which led to the subse- quent difficulties in the colonjal governments of the British empire. That was a great and mighty error, and they will suffer for that error before the termination of the present century. The conse- quences of that error, in the social policy of the Brush government towards its West India colo- nies, are at the present time troubling and annoy- ing the United States. ‘The agitations which now afflict the different States of this Union, growing out of the slavery question, were first set on foot, and gained a footing in this country, in conse- quence of the policy of the British government towards the West Indies; and that policy will yet be the means ot crumbling into dust her colonial | empire, belore the termiuation of the preseat een- tury. ln connection with this exposition of the policy of the home government towards Canada, and the determination to put down all farther attempts at separntion, it may be well to state, that such policy has been adopted at a very interesting and favorable time for the accomplishment ot its pur- pose. On thie side of the borders, all the agitators belonging to all parties in the United States are too much engaged with the slavery questioa Our new territories, to be able to direct their ai tention to avy attempt at revolution or separauon im Canada. Bot for the singular result produced on our social and political mind by the successful termination of the recent Mexican war, we are very certain that such an agitation and euch moves ments as we have een in Canada during the last } year, would have laid the foundation of « aympa thetic movement in the United States, that no government and no policy, either in Washingtoa | cr London, coald have prevented trom Tanning | into excesses, and, no doubt, into a war between | the two countries. | Triat of tue Great Gaines Cast —la ane other column will be found the proceedings of the trial of the great Gaines case, at New Orleans. It is full of interest, and the testimony, so tar, is | strongly in favor of the claim of Mrs. t ¥ Rereat or vue Usury Laws.—Puntic Orion. —A few days since, a numerously signed petition, emanating from the merchants and business mea of New York, was presented to the Legislature in Albany, praying that body to repeal the statutes known asthe usury laws of this State. This is not the first ime that am effort of this kind has been made to repeal these ridiculous and absurd laws. Heretofore, however, our legislatures have embraced many members from different parts of the State, who have, unfortunately for the business interests of this great city, held opinions on the subject of the usury laws, utterly at variance with every day experience, and repugnant to the spirit of the age. This accounts for the existence o! those laws so long, and tor our being so far behind other States, in not repealing or modifying them. We shall see, by the action of the present Legisla- ture on the last petition which was addressed to them, of what materiel the members of that body are composed, If public sentiment in this part of the State, and, in fact, in every other portion of it where there is an extensive commercial business transacted, is unanimous on any subject, it is on the necessity of the repeal of the usury laws. In this age of intelli- gence and light, its a libel on the State of New York that they are not repealed. Instead of regulating the interest of money, as between borrower and lender, it is a notorious fact that they are never thought of when contracts ot that kind are entered into be- tween business men. Like every other article, it js subject to the great law of supply and demand. When the demand is more than equal to the supply, it is of course more valuable, and,vice versa, when the supply is greater than the demand,it will be less valuable. Thus itis that we see money quoted one week as being worth five per cent. per year, and the next week or the week after, it may be quoted as worth ten, or twelve, or fifteen, rising and falling like corn or cotton, according to sup- ply and demand for the wants of business. Thou- sands and tens of thousands of contracts are enter- | ed into of this kind, in the course of a year, in this city; and it is not often that payment ef the princi- | pal is refused on the ground of usury. So impress- | ed are the business men of this city with the ab- | surdity of those laws, and so unanimous are they in favor of their repeal, thet any man who would borrow money at a higher rate of in- terest than the law preseribes, and call upon a court of justice to support him in refusing to re- turn it on that account, 1s branded as a rogue and a swindler, and loses his reputation and character atonce. Experience has proved that those laws are only a protection—a cloak to persons of that class, under which they can legally pluader their fellow-men of theirjproperty, without the_injured party having any redress. It may be said, that if, in general practice, the usury laws are a dead letter, as between man and man, why, therefore, the necessity of repealing them? If they are not adopted as a rule between buyer and lender, because public opinion is so strong that any one who appeals to them 1s at once set down as a swindler, they may as well remain on the statute book. Not so, however; for incor- porated companies, against whom public opinion cannot operate, having no souls and no reputation, can appeal to them with impunity, and thereby plunder end pillage the public. We have had an instance of this within a short time, by which an individual was swindled out of an immense sum of money by one of our banking institutions, by the aid of this most unrighteous law. If the Legistature do not think fit to respond to the vpanimous desire of our business community, and abolish those laws altogether, let them be so modi- fied as to deprive them of their most objectionable feature ; we mean the provision which declares the whole sum loaned as being forfeited if an ex- cess of seven per cent interest ischarged. Several States have found it necessaty to take this course, and, for the information of the Legislature at Al- bany, we will give them the following extracts from the laws of Vermont, on the subject,recently i | have them modified in this way. Rogues will then be deprived of inducements which they now If a greater interest than seven per cent is charged, let the party sue fora return of it, but do not 1- | duce him to steal his neighbor's property, by giving | him legal absolution for the crime afterwards. The shortest way would be to repeal them entirely, and not throw any impediments in the way of trade and commerce. We hope our city delegation will | not fail to agitate this matter in the Legislature, | until redress: is obtained in some way, and this | boulder im the channel of trade and business re- moved. ‘Tne Great Siavery Crisis 1x Cononess ~The great debate on Mr. Clay's resolutions of compro- \-mise on the slavery question, will begin to-day, in | the United States Senate in Washington. This | will no doubt lead to the most extraordinary de- | bate that has characterized the Congress of the | United States during the present century. Mr. | Cloy is the only man who has had the courage to | come forward and propose some plan for the sat- | tlement of this exerting and dangerous controversy. It is true that the cabinet, through General Taylor, | tive to the applicatien of California to be admitted | into the Vfion; but their plan was no plan at all. | It left the question open to the agitators of both ends of the Union to work upon, to excite and en- danger the peace and happiness of the country. It wae, however, very well calculated to bring about a very dangerous excitement, almost raaning to insurreetion or revoluticn, so that by the time it reached its highest point, the Presideat could aseume the character of a moderator, come forth with a declaration declaring the Uston in danger, and almost commence a ewil war. To avoid such a dangerous contingeney, Mr. Clay, with true moral courage, came forward with his plan of compromise, which we trest and hope will lead, betore the termination of the debate in the Senate, to some basis on which the whole coatroversy may be settled. Tur Parkman Traoevy in Boston.—It appears, by the last accounts from Boston, that this case will not come on for tral for two or three monthe yet. Im the meantime, it seeme that most of che evidence against Dr. Webster has leaked out; and, if nothing farther can be furnished against him, than what has been published in the newspapers, the chances of his conviction on the first trial are not very str Thus far, the whole of the evi- | dence is cireumstantial, and much of it vague and vneatisfactory. There is, however, a prodigious prejudice among all portions of society in Boston agaynst Dr Webster, and great efforie will be made in various quarters to produce a public opinion in that quarter, from which he cannot escape convic- tion when the trial comes on. Movements ix tuk Dr Mysrenies.—We un- derstand that the counsel for the Drurya will make application, to-day, to allow bail in the case of his clients, and permit both of the Drarys to visit their home im Astoria. It is also said that Mr. District Attorney McKeon will have a warrant issued for the arrest of One-eyed Thompson, who is charged by the evidence of the Canandaigua witnesses with having confessed the manufacture of the tor- pedo itself. But the truth is, there are eo many counsel and so many parties in these stool-pigeon have to commit unmorality under color of law. | would bring down the whole colonial system in the | °P€ned the subject, by disclosing their views rela- | Trial Trip of the New World on the Ocean —Race with the Northerner. On Saturday, the new steamboat New World mad? trial trip on the ocean, starting with the Northerner, at 8 o'clock in the afternoon, and only returning yus- terday morning, st 4 o'clock. Her trial trip in com- pany with the Georgia, on the 25th of January, wa: considered satisfactory, as far as rapid ailing in smooth water was concerned; though even in that respect she immediately upon being ines and boil o had bardly fair play, starting launched. and before her eng! proved by a jitti Ubat trip what and principal owner, W. onthe deep, deep sea” Accordingly Saturday for the purpose, and invited a 0 accompany bim on an excl er, advertised to sail for Charleston y was not @ di of her capacity to bu Dillows, and phautly over them in rough weather, forthe water was simost as smooth as glass outside, barring that natural glorious ewell of the ocean, which is the most beautiful thing in nature, and always to be found, even in the calmest weather, when there is ‘not # breath the biue Waves toc! J ‘At half past 2 o'clock, the New World, after taking on beard the excursion party at the foot of Tweiftn eamed up the Fast River for some distanoe, aad ping, proceeded to the Battery, whore she nd headed up the North River, intending to to start with the Northerner from the rs were im- return in time foot of Courtlandt street. went sooner than was anticipated, sailing sharp, at 3 ‘The Northerner, however, o'clock. The New Worid,on perceiving this, immediately put about and gave her chase. She was then abouta mile Anda quarterabead, At 4 minutes past 3,the New World parsed the dock of the Northerner, and in 20 minutes mere the passed the Northerner herself. when abreart of Robin’s Reef, at the near a. of Staten Island, thus beating the Northerner four miles an heur. At 24 minutes past 3 o'clock or just half au hour from the time the New World passed Courtiandt street. she cleared the telegraph at the further extremity Staten Irland. being at the rate of upwards of 20 mil an hour. She was performing 20 revolutions te the minute when she was in chase of the Northerner; terwards she performed 21 revolations, which was the utmost sped’ the ‘attained, with 34 inches of ateam on. At 6 minutes past 4 o'clock she passed the Sandy Hook Light, just an hour and minute from the time ebe left the foot of Courtlandt str She was then stopped, and the company were tertained to o magnificent dinner by Mir Browne, After waiting 20 minutes, the Northerner being still bebind. it was proposed to go to sea 70 or 80 miles more, 80 as to make 8 trip of 100 miles out and 100 in. | There being plenty of fuel and provisions on boar: the proposition was agreed to and song, and mirth, ani wine, and speeches were the order of the night, She Kept a steady course south by west (steering by the compass) ti'1 9 o'clock, when her engineer and owner caloulated we were tully 10y miles to ten, and put back, reaching the Battery ut half past 3 o'clock, snd landing ut Tretfth street at 4 o'clock, making an average speed out and in, (allewing for stoppages) of 17 miles hour. Her owner was anxious for rough water; bat it war only when reached ber doek that it began to Diow “fresh” ‘Che night, up to that, time was very bazy and thick. sothat it was not safe, meeting so many he did, te put her to her full speed coming ik. She burned about 11 tons of coal trom the time she left the toot of Twelfth street till she returned, period of 14 hours. She is an exceedingly beautif model,and the moment tb tator her, he is impressed with @ feeling of her speed, just as looking at the proportions of a thoroughbred ra d bas her buoyancy chi are rather flat. or what may But her lines are beantiful, aod where she enters the water,and where she leaves it. th is a8 Jittle foam as we ever saw at the stem and stern of » boat going with her speed. Her engine worked as sweetly as we any engine work, aad adds another laurel to the / bem & Co. Ite operation was superintended by Mr. Joseph Belknap, drafteman of the firm. The engine are considerably behind the centre A promenade deck runs fore and aft, as in the Georgia and Obio. Her exterior and saloon are very tly painted, and the latter is fitted up very hand- some); ‘Sb ypevccede to San Francisco in a few days, and er is confident sbe will perform the distance in e time far shorter tham it was ever yet accom- plished—in fact, in a time that will astonish the com- munity Among those who took part in this trip were Captain Floyd, of the Wasbington, and Captain Sherman, the oldest cf our captains, who owned and commanded the firet steamer om Lake Erie In order not to interrupt the warrative of the sailing, we did not insert the toasts amd other proceedings at the diover, tu their proper place, in order of time, but shall subjcin such & sketeh here as our space will permit. | Captain Siexman, after din: rose and sald— This | wae the second triumph of the New Worid. aad it was im po smell degree owing to Dunham & Co, of the 0 Archimedes Works. He thought the n: ht to be | changed to the Dunham Works, for Mr. act hi accomplished that which Archimedes deemed porsidle | under certain conditions, whic! possible. Archimedes said if be had a fulcrom lon; } | enough, he could th a would give them 6 Mr. Dunnam replied in bebalf of his partner and him- relf, apd said be are that Captain Sherman in- a to apply more to Mr. Brown- hey were now afloat, and the scene awoke happy memories and associations which were national and American. The gentiemat who bad just spoken, referred to Archimedes; but the | gompariton was more appr the case of Browne, who, without fulcrum, built two | ew Worlds,” one ef which they now inhabited. Archi- | jes could not do it except with what nature had not | rupplied; William H. Browne had done it with the me- terials which she did supply. The steamboat is easen- tially American. Our friends at the other side bad were the inventors of steamboats. five years more we too; and, in the contemplation of t we cannot help looking baek to John | the tim hen our riv ew World ag | women. babies, or steamboats ”” Mr. Duxwam shortly after ga Captain Seaman responded epeech ip bis iife; but Yankees were taught that the word “can’t” is pot in their language, and if me- chanic was asked to do aty impossible thing, his aa- | swer ie—" 1 will try, sir.”’ (Hear, and laughter) Won- | ders vpon Were accumulating [he other day the Georgia beat the Canada and the New World, ina day or two after, beat the Georgia, Deaten the Northerner—so that | may sions of glory, spare my acbing right, ( ted for those laughter) ‘To whom were they in triumphs? Was it tothe men of rank’ Not at all; @ but to eelf-made men, who reposed upon thelr own energies and genius. Foremost in the van of these hs was one who is now no more, and died worth 4 @ bait or two millions; aud who, but for this Pripcipie of self-reliance, cheriched and developed by our republican institutions. might Dave died eailing | petty sloop. Another, who is known from (rorgia to Obie, but for this might be sttil digging io « cans! or @ relircad. Amother gentlemen, whose history will be, aye, it is known. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, ond from the Pacific to the trotic~( heers | and lnoghter)—he could put one foot on the At- laptic apd the other on Pacific He was 8 gon. tleman as much fm private lire for bis wuniternce aed erosity, as for his mechanical | genius and rkul im paval Srebitecture Such the | effect of living under @ free republican government. Mr Doswam them propored the bealth of @ gentle man who war atthe of afirm that reppled the with which tbe steamboats and their engines were Mr Varrett replied. and remarked that he never Bnew @ verte! which did not surcee wa the trom copnected with it was taken him. (Roars of laught+r.) He concinded by giving the health of the Margert consumers of tron ‘The next toast was, “ The Press—The gine of them all” tbe Rarorran for the Herald being called on, briefly | reeponde ‘Sptain Frevn, of the steamer Washington, thea toast. “ May the projectors of this New World | we to build other New Worlds, and people | them (Roars of laughter ‘The heaiths of Mr. Brow: | toasted gutiest en- omg. and badinage, mpagne flowed copiousiy alco: was a very pleasant excurtion to old Nep- iune's domains. Intenestin: om Havre We gave, in yesterday's Herald, intelligence from Hayti to the ivch ult, by which it appeared that the affairs of that laud were im a deplorable state, in @ commercial point of view. According to these advices, the decree of oo» day was euperreded by another on the next day. theowing eve ty thing intoconfusion. In addition to what we pad: liebed yesterday, we find the following in the Boston Journa | of Saturday afiernoon:— By recent arrivals at this port, from Hayti, we learp that the island continued comparatively There bed been ® report, that another encagement 4 taken between the Haytien aod wicen fleets, but Bo authentic secount hed been — received at the latert dates Some of the forsign merchants having refused to comply with ail the | _ tbe average working time forthe year is, aire mente of the monopoly law, to rea: | Sing. about 5 hours 48 minutes per day, at A rere of foreign products, they were threatened by | be ‘Clinton prison the the bisok officers with the deprivation of their patents ands pne of one thousnnd re and even expulsion | from the island However, there threats excited no | fear, for the imbecotlity of the government was well known. Besvesce oF tHe Coot Marr Frescn — On Saturday last, th ict and renience of the court-martial upom Captaia Richard Frenen were returned. approved by Brigadier General Ewing. od found to be as follows: “Gaity on all the charges and spreifcations, and sentenced to be reprimanded ia | orders fined tm the som of Ofty dollars.” Againet ce aptain French efi! appes! to the Gover. | ound of the tilegality and informality of Cartars wo eurtein the charges A) loge by Coptain Fremeh. ist bear Ine euthorities cited by bi mysteries, that it is very difficult to ascertain where the lawyers will begin, or where they will end. the court on the making up of the verdict and the sen. tence. and hi consequent nbeence upon the vocssion. ' in New | Uifaton Prison, 168. Be age) from Bumber of punishments before Solitary con- Second Annual Report of the Inspectors o the New York State Prisons. In December, 1847, an act was passed by the Legis: lature of this State, requiring the Inspector of State Pri- sops to make an anpual report to the Legislature, of the condition of each of the State prisons, showing the umber of convicts confined in them, the money ex- pended and received, and generally of all important proceedings during the year, which bear upon the in- stituiions. Im secordance with this provision, the se- cond annual report bas been submitted to the Senate The Inspectors report that they are “gvatified in being able te give assurance of the generally prosper: ondition of the prisons, in thelr financial and dis- ciplinary departments, and rejoice to say that while eatilence bas been abroad over the land, our prisons ve been spared from apy unusun! mortality.” ‘The number of convictein the di combos lst, 1848 ona 18 pare 0 3 1¢ number in Auburn 5 Do. Qe ag." 1840" wos GOV ine, 157 Do. Sing®ing prison, do, it48, was Do. do. do, 154%, was 672 do, 61 218 Do. Sing Sing female prison, do. 1548, was 83 De. jo, do. 149, was 63 less 5 Do. Ciiapen prison. do. 1548, was 163 Do. 1o. do, 158, was Let less 39 ‘Total increase in o1 Total number of convicts in all the prisons, Deo. 1, 1849, . 1483 Ot the large increasg at Auburn prison, 46 are to be accounted for by the transfer of that number from other prisons, 44 by the diminution to that extent of the number of pardons, and a further but indefaite number by the modification of the prison districts, by which convicts from several counties, which were the previous year embraced in the Clinton prison district, ‘were committed to Auburn. Of the mperease at Sing Sing, 16 are accounted for by the transfer of convicts, 29 by the diminution of par- dous, and a further number by the modiiication of the prison districts. The diminution at Clinton prison is explained by the transfer of 62 convicts to other og | id the our- =e wel of that piisom district by the action of the 1 t the entire increase of 174 im all the prisons, 85 may be accounted for by the diminution of pardons, leaving 89 increase from other causes, perhaps, in part, by the reflex consequences of jiscomtinual of the can war, and perhaps, in part, by the increased ii temperance and recklessness 60 strangely induced by the prevalence of the cholera. Trem: Sen1ence.— At Sing Sing prison, the terms of sentence of 658 convicts in the prison, (not hudii ed for lite rage 6 years 8 months and 12 days; 337 of the number, a littie over one half, are for 5 years and over, and 162 are for 10 to years. rt Auburn prison, the terms ef 596 convicts, (not in- d for life,) average 4 years 6 months y of the number for 5 years and over; 22 years, Of 206, (not including 2 for lite,) received last year, the age 18 3 years 1b months aod 12 days each; 84 for 4 years and over; and 26 for 10 to 20 years. If from the number received the last year, 44 who were transferred from prisons, whore average sentences were 6 years and 6 months, be deducted, the of the 254 sen- tenced witbin the year will be only 8 years 6 months and 1 dey. £ At Clinton prison, the terms ef 123 convicts (not in- cluding 1 sentenced for life) average a fraction less of the terms of sentence, especially for first of- seahe 9 tient the prison officers, jou ment upon the temper and pactiol- ~~ of long terms of of convicts, have phyrical and tiefied in Auburn prieor, | ine little over 634 have been com- mitted for two or more tim f those received di ‘the last year, about] in7. Of the total number convicts in Sing Sing prison, about 1 in 7 are re-com- mitments; the number received during the last year averaging about the same as the total number. tne total Lumber of convicts in Clinton prison, 1 in 7% are. re commitments, An exam ion Of 58 cases of re~ ocmmitment at Auburn prison, shows, that im about two-thirds of the number, the convictions we for the — Resa r= the first. tod bs ‘axvons.—The number of pardons grant exeou- tive authority for the Jast year, has been— 4 ’ From Sing Sing male prison. * female “ Awburn prison.. © Clinton prison. TOM. severe esscecceccsessesseceee 29 The number during the previous year, was— From sing Sing male prisen. 41 rh Cs male “ 8 “ Auburn prise: wees tereeeeeres BS “ Clinton prison, teen Totalesssecceccccceveccesccecseceves Ad Lens than the previous year, 85. ‘The proportion of pardons, to the average number of convicts the last year, bas been. at Sing Sing, 1 to 53; at Auburn, 1 to 44; at Clinton, 11039. The previous ar, ihe proportion was, at Sing Sing, 1 to 16; at Au- bo m, 1 to 8, at Clinton, 1 to 1 Jal jon ef the head of @! the the BS mn compa ear were:—At Auburn, 295; at Sing Sing, 295; at the the whip, for subduing. the obstinate und’ retreotory. whip, an . ‘The Inspectors say in their report:—The experience of anether year hes demonsteateny ‘the superiority of the mild and humane co of disci pl rescribed the prison lawa of this State, and adopted since the frst | of January, 1848, over that which piaces the cat in the Dands of ihe keeper, and thrives u; tre: It is believed aisci pl than dart ptome of restiessmess, it i wing out of asubjecs aired: the cause bas not existed to a suilicient exte: prophecies of ineubordination ur bt depreciation of the value of convict labor, ia- julged by those long habituated to the use of the whip for the purpose of enfercing obedience and industry, if that time-Daliowed practice should be absudoned. have not been realised. A reduced number ef punishments, ‘& more faithful industry, an increated price for prison labor, and a better discipline. have followed the change. Sanrramy © ole nua se- avicts in all the prisons being 1 86 34. and the deaths (except three secidental) being 31, the morvality was one in 44%,, oF about 2% | rovisions have been sup- piled, during the past year, at tue rate of $7.60 per 100 Fations, At Cliaton prison, $% 61 per do.; at 8: during the pine months from J . phi oes “and of al large jianthropy. and of great value to ® proportion of the comviets, who have, before reaching the prison, | been educated only in vice and debasement. This de- partment seems to have been faithfully conducted, of the prisoas, * cate, in addi- tion, thet moral and religious instruction, which is of SUill far bigber value. At Bing Sing prison, the number of convicts receiving ipetruction iu the branebes of a common t.nglish edu- eat at the date of the report, was 170, or about 1 in total number. At Clinton prison, the number under instruction the — Lim 6)¢ of the whole num- “ | At Auburn prison, the number under instruction during the last year was 191, or over 1 in 8 of the whole number. jm pome remarks upon the causes of crime, the report saye:— The great leading causes of crime appear to be, early orphanage, igeorance, and intemperance Gv convicts at Aubure prison, 317, more then one- Dail, were deprived of & home before they were 16 years Of age, 56 were orphans, and 128 balf orphans; oniy 90, oF 1 in 20, bad w good hnglish education; and 126, oF neatly 1 in 6. could aot read at ail, 395, more than one- bail, were intemperate, while only 45 hed practised | total abstinence, and the examinations on the subject exbibit @ ead destitution of moral and reiigioas culture. Ut lat convicts im Clinton prison, 32, or about | to 4, could Hot read, and 65, considerably over oue-baif, are | Teported to bave been intemperate The contracts for the labor of the prisoners per day Aversges, at Auburn, 4¥J) conte; at Sing Sing, (male comvicte) 41% cepte At Clinton pritou, 40 cents per @ay bes deen offered for a contract. The offer has deva acerpted, and the agent direeted to conclude the ova- tract ing tuve from June Ast to November deh. 4o minutes per cay The fecal condition of the prisons are ret forth ta the report, rhowlng thet atthe Auburn prison tue total am oun! 4 Guring the fiscal year ending carh on ¥ hours Totai amount expended for all Sept 0th. . ow Of inet year... Leaving cneh © Inereare over ba Karnings of the prison during the year. $54.762 Te bxpenaivures for ordinary support... ... W316 2s Excess of earnings over expenees...... $5,440 48 Avanabie reroure Seth Se plem: Of the prison on the $12 S90 62 1S48, there was & debote et the expenanure Pe cae) hp EERE RET a.703 45 Jruning the year «i Sept. Hoth. i849. 8440 48 deatbs, are, yble. It is | are pow used to adorn rooms of this description that ‘aprro| maintenance and oe ourrent year, is estimated at $25. lens of the several prisons report favorably tate of affairs in thetr provinces, so far as dis- ling are concerned, 'In reference quarries at Sing Sing, the warden ¢ quarries and cutting stone is unpro- all the expenses of quarrying the sto: teams, carte and feed, are taken into jelds but little reve: cont! , it would dispose of on the part of a very respectable class of mechanics. who seem to sup; that their business is interfered with by convict and render unneoessary any tur- ther opr ation to the Legislal ion of that body for their protection. 1 would suggest, there- iy A propriety of offering to the contractors for pri- sou © the services of the men. numberti jer one bundred, now employed in quarrying and cu: ston and if not wanted them, that their cervioss be vertieed ioaNrynd wees meine, which may be legally cc on un W applicable to the sub- a ff in another part of the report: same officer says, in another part o! i ba e last epri committee of the Now York Prison As« , claiming the right and authority to go into any part of the pri- son, te Converse with and examine the convicts w and where pleased, unattended by any officer of the prison. | respectfully declined soocding to their request. 1, however, offered to show these gentlemen bn Raped rt of the prison, to furnish for their all’ books and Papers relating and it them to examine the keepers, and one or all of the eonvicts; at the same time informing them that the examination of the convicts must be my pre- senee, a8 | could not allow any one not connected with comme to converse with # comvict, unless in the re’ of an officer. Soon after, | was served with a writ of mandamus, in which said committee were piain- tiffs, to which | made answer. ‘Tbe case wasargued be- fore the court, which sustained me ina the course | had pursued, About three weeks since, two of the same ‘Committee again called at the prison, and made another demand for admittance, with the like privilege, to which they received the same apswer and treatment as in the firetiustance. Although these men might not do anything which would affect the discipline of the prison, yet, the once precedent established, who will an- wer for the character of their successors or determine the amount of mischief which an uuprincipied man. or ry tte of men, might accomplish, if permitted todo or eed they pleased to convicts, in the absence of their keepers? The chaplains have opened schools for the instruc. tion ef convicts in all the prisons, where they tesch such as will learn, reading, writing and arithmetic. By @ provision of tbe Legisiature, the prisons are supplied Gb lbrarice, whlch now contain ‘at thejAuburn Female ri- son, 760 vels ; Sing Siv, department, Bis. Acoordi be ticians’ reports, the deaths have for some years. Bi Fal health of the convicts, based on as it seems tome, of all data the fact well known, that the incurable charac- ter of a malady with which convicts may be afilicted, bas beet decided, and in truth. almost certain rea- fon on the part of the Executive for ‘ting pardons; ‘and although this may be the act of lL conceive ty, it nevertheless renders calculations drawn from the mortality in the prisom almost worthless, City Intelligence ‘Tue Wratnen.—At 5 o'clock last ning there was & flight sprinkling of snow, which, however, did not continue. evening became intensely old, and a porthwester sprung up, which cut the unfortunate faces exposed to it Just like a bad razor. Fine ix Funton Staxer.—At balf-past 9 o'clock, on Seturday night, a fire broke out in the six-story build- ing, No, 23 Fulton street, the lower part of which is occupied by Mr Miller, oil merchant. and others The upper part of the building was full of cotton, stored there by some party whose name we could net learn. ‘The flames spread rapidly, and in a short time burst through the roof, and communicated with the ad- joining building on each side, 21 and 25. The former ‘was not much ipjured by fire, though greatly by water. No. 29, occupied by Cornelius, Lockwood & Brooks, was considerably burned in the upper stories, and the stock throughout drenched with water. The fire in the building wae eubdued hort time by the an ecene, nor was his name ascertained. to the cotton, by fire and water, is very We understand it is covered by insurance, ‘as also the rs Fine ix tHe Bowrny.—Last night, about 10 0’ the City Hall bell rang three strokes long and low it was believed that there wasa great fre some: 5 It turned out to be @ shed that was burned in the Bowery, at the rear of Biack’s, the confectioner, near Spring street. Fine ox Mort or At belf past 8 o'clock lest evening. a fire broke out in the grocery store of Anthony Carr,73 Mott street. After considerable damage, ‘the danger of far more, the fire was extinguished by « stream from 14 hose carriage. Fi Srexet.—It is @ remarkable cir- o 1 tau-yard.. There in’ nothing #0 didicult to set but once it is iguited, it is like cotton, tinguish. son's New Crry Horr: —The hotel #0 long as the Howard House, at the corner of Broad- Howard street, bes for some time past been undergoing thorough repairs, and reconstruction, and is to be opened to-day as the City Hotel, under th th ; lounging and reading room. plas in'the bar-room, which # Tu style, with all the improvements and elega bar iteelf is ornamented with mirrors, the cent ich is extrac large, apd those on either and some tash work the partition _ ber room from the other part of the Bouse. is furnished with elegant stained glass, The bar proper is furnished | with avery variety ‘of usefal and ornamental glars ware, with ail Deet ad copcomitants necessary to set it off to the ages, while the frames of ti fowsly conte slassical Sguren. and uely con’ ener, ures au beautifully designed images. Two elaborately ral ringie jets of 1g: cher or six may comfortably enjoy a breakinst sturbed. Some ol these rooms are elegantly par with ali the other arrangements of the house, appears as it will po Ly ry itself, perfectiy com. petent to Gl every order that Tesch it, to the sativiaction of the quests of the establishment On the second floor Is a large room for the accommodation of large parties. either om publie occasions of otherwise. ‘The rest of the house ie devoted vo lodging rooms, eto. Mr. Florence will keep the" City Hotei” om the faro- fast becoming popular im our city. — Been Plas, wien te the opening of the house to-day will no doubt bes grand affair, and well worth the attention of thove who are fond of exhibitions of this Kind, tempts before efiveting bis object be held on his body by the Coro Sommamevtion — An ltishman employe Of the New York Hotel, got io al yesterday moroing 1 the ky light to the cellar, fifty he back of one ot the horses, which no Ata quarter before 12 o'clock, Linden was arrested iow officers of the Third ward, for rumming over s Soman tn Weet street, and breaking her leg. Phe conveyed to t pital. went Assavit At bait, past ¢ o'sloek, om Sa- ening ® man, pemed Andrew Velore “ eon unknown, near Fallon bythe polive to De, Marphy, reeed bis wounds Alfred Rowland, Iseeo Raodall who escaped from p iro at Mame. Wertebester county, where they were confaed Upon a charge of grand larceny, were captured on Se turday, in the Meveoth ward, cod taken back to prison, on Saturday 0’ | | | | TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE, News from Washington, OUR SPECIAL TELEGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. Wasnineron Crry, ‘Sunpay, February 3, 1850. When Congress is idle, rumors begin to cireu! freely. We have a rumor, to-night, that the cab. net is in a state of mutiny, with the cheering pros- pect of a speedy explosion. The cause is said to be the slavery question. We have consulted seve- ral whigs; but their only answer is, they are afraid the report 1s too good to be true, We understand that the Treasury Department! has agreed to acc»pt, for the present, ninety thou- sand dollars of the deficiency of General We more, with bonds for twenty thousand dollars; the remainder being about seventy-seven thousand dol- lars, to he over unul a decision 1s had upon the Boston case. This seventy-seven thousand dollars includes the extra commissions, claimed by Gen. ‘Wetmore upon disbursements during the Mexican war. By an act ot Congress, last year, a board was appointed to provide for the census of 1850. Under their orders, some ten thousand dollars worth of blanks were provided, which, if the bill of Mr. Davis be adopted, will be a dead loss. The bill also assigns the whole census to Mr. Ewing, which is another bad arrangement, considering the pros- pect of abolishing his department. Senator Houston will speak to-morrow, and take the ground that Congress has the right to establish or prohibit slavery anywhere. He 1s willing to admit all territories as States, leaving to them the settlement of the slavery question. He will appeal to the North and South for compromise on this basis. He will oppose the division of Texas, unless Texas will cede e portion of her territory to the United States for an equivalent. Mr. H. will also, in his speech, take ground against the posi- tion of Mr. Calhoun, and show his inconsistencies in various pomts. R.H. Fontleroy, of the coast survey, died in Texas, on the 13th ult. his associates intend erecting a monument to his memory. A series of lectures will shortly be commenced in the Smithsonian Institution, The Union says that M. Bodisco, the Russian Mhnister, will be in Washington next month, to reeume his functions. Theatrical and Musical, Bowrny Tukarne,— ibis evening, two yery, attrac. Wandering Jew,” and the“ of mted for the amusement of the visiters of this establishment. Mr. Stevens, the stage manager, is deserving of praise, for the tact and talent which he has displayed in the production of every new piece that has m produced at this theatre. The cast of characters, also, proves conclusively the ability of a stege manager, as nvthlog it appears to fe of more importance than to place every actor in fils an to give rtifoatiom co hiarmploye, and plo |, 80 as to give jon joyer, sure and instruction to the sudience. The Bor Theatre has always been, careful in this hence the great desire, on yee om of ite sustain Mr Hamblin, in his ¢: vors to si and refinement of the age. Broavway Taxatne.—This evening, & very exeelle of entertainment is offered for the amu: patrons of the legitimate drama, at t! heatre, Colewan’s beautiful iy of ti will be reagent for the firet time at Me, Knomiee x e ae - of Mr. Oakley, and ‘Mr Blake as ihe Major, Mrs. Barrett, coaltent actress, will appear as Mrs. Oakley; and Mr, Dyott—by the by, ove of the best general actors in the country, aud who ought to be cast for leading parts—will sustain. wich bis great dramatic the part of Charles Oakley ‘he other characters be filled by Miss K. tiorn, Mrs. Hield, Mr, Cl and the other members of the stock company. The amurements will clove with the comedy of When You Can”—Gosssmer, Mr, Wheatley; Bonus, Mr. Blake, This will be a dne evening's entertainment, Turarke —This establishment is in the at an early hour every evening the ud many persons are obli; Te- hme oo a to gain admission. ‘ons, to it the taste T aw ife’ ot large assemblages of our citizens. To- night i ognin be performed, together with the fa- ween re comedy ef the * Vid Duteh Governor y Page.” BE over OD, Cpple pie order? PRs a Sal seaderen, enh Oe door keepers and nett " everyboay tendants on the boxes anxivusto make comfortable. Nationat TuraTne.— Miss Julia Turnbull a danseuse conriderabie celnbrity. appears at this theatre to- night, im the beautiful fairy spectacte of the “Naiad jueen which bas been got tn superb style, under direction of Mr C. , Mies Turnbull, and Mr. tary jase cel. the Ri Mooali Cs the Rhti spleeaid Grotto During the performance o eotive piece, there will be dance by Mies Turnbull and corps grand de dailet; also a beautifel scarf dance, and an im; aieds by ye Bae indies. The en- ‘wich the farce of the “ Stamese ¢ bill for one night's entertain to be as soxious to pro- ¢ a pegs - juce every no ture, as also the best comedians, a0 fe tl = Mr. Bland, from , and will make his Gret ‘tor, with sowe of the la Boston at « musical lace to-morrog, ‘oven! 1 be performed by Signorine A. Patti, an os ori Heneventano, Forti, , in the prinelpal parte, au ne will be crowd: parts least attractive feeture of the night. The audience will be presented with four bundred and articles and works of art the value of Faye | at one thousand dollars. It is lade: in Mei ovrow —White's Serenaders appear at 53 Bow- eey. 08 Minetrel* and in the Binek Bimtue, aed two of the company Will dacee @ Virginta break down, € © be telanda Col. Menn be. ree eae under very fa (4 1 Hateharet, do; HM. Phiindeiphia: H Netteon,