The New York Herald Newspaper, January 17, 1850, Page 3

Mecaregua Question in & le [From the Loodun Cimes, Deo. 18. We have already expressed, on more than one | whole campargn of this ye ‘occasion, a strong disiuclination to treat the ques ‘tions connected with the Nicuraguan canal the Tights of the Mosquito King as a cause of dispute other nations, and to allow an enterprise of a pacific and commercial character to be " to the bad purposes of irritation and hosti- oy, The interests conceraed in the construction a line of water communication across the [sth- mus of Panama are essentially of a general and suareater: aun neve + other ene ia the matter than that such « line of ould be opened as effectually, as speedily, a d as cheaply as possible. The opening of a highway for com merce is always consistent with the progress of -civilzation and the couvenience of mankind ; and ‘we do not pretend to have calculated or toreseen toa micety what effect such en improvement may, hereafter produce on the relative ferces of competing traders aud navigators. Like every in- vention or discovery 1 science or geography, these changes must be viewed in a large and liberal “spirit, not with reference to their immediate or partial effects. They are a part of the economy of the world, and rizhtly considered, they have stronger tendency to unite communities than to seyer and ex- States t asperate them. The American Minister in Loa- «don spoke the other day like a man of sense and the representative of a sensible government, when he said that no exclusive Sdventages were sought in this mater by the Cabinet of ‘Washington ; and, althangs there may be in this | country, as there is in the United States, a set of amen who are always ready to take the jealous and disputatious view of such subjects, the grand inter- ests of Englend and America are in truth perfectly atunion. With regard to the plea of territorial it which has been set up by Lord Palmerston on bel of the Mosquito King, that is a pure ques- tion of law. The determination of such a point rests not so much with the Foreign Secretary as with the Queen’s Advocate. If we are legally warranted and bound to maintain the protectorate of the Mosquito coast, it would be contemptible to abandon a weak ally because he is menaced by a more formidable power; but if the legal point be againet the existence of this protectorate, we have connie no motive in policy or in honor to waste our efforts in defence of the independence ‘Mosquitia. A pamphlet has just been published, or rather re- yee from the Colonial Magazine ot the two months, which endeavors take a far more de- cided and vehement view of this case. But the reasoning and the assertions of this writer have not modified our view of the question, though he Baas added some, beeitooal facts to what bad a: ready appeared inthe papers presented to Parlia- ear OF these facts the most startling is the letter, which appears to have been addressed by the British Consul at New York to the director of the American Canal Company. [We give the whole of the pamphlet, including the letter referred to, in another part of this day’s New York Herald.) It might be supposed that the “ bound: of the Moeauite kingdom, which touches the se John’s River at the Machuca Rapid, about 30 miles below the Lake of Nicaragua,” had been defined with all the precision of « legal conveyance or diploma- tie survey. But it is notorious that the boundaries of this State are purely arbitrary; they were laid down two or three years ago in a despatch written by a British agent who was bold to describe what he thought should be the boundary of Mosquitia, and they have never bean Leeson, pi by any human being but Lord Palmerston and their own author. As the case originally stood, the British pro- tectorate was placed on the ground of long and intimate connexion and alliance between the go vernment at Jamaica and the English bucaneers oa the Spanish Main and tne Mosquito Indians. But since we produced the article of the treaty of 1736, which put an end to that protectorate, the whole gee derived from prescription is ex! 5 wrspee of te pamphlet says, ‘in 1786, to the eternal disgrace of our then government, meen was led to withdraw her support from the King of Mosquito and his dependent tribes, and to leave the field open to Spain;” and it 18 fully admitted that this protectorate was entirely interrupted and not resumed until the revolt of the Spanish colomes had destroyed the interest ot the mother country in maintaining that stipulation. But in the mean- time it 1s further stated by this writer that Spain had erected a fort, called St los, on the northern bank of the river St. John, at 128 junction with lake; another lower down, at Castillo Viejo ; and, lastly, that a small Spanish apren § post was established atthe Port of St. John’s itsell }, which is the main pvint now in dispute. It is true that the Spanish government consented to pay an annual sum tothe mp ore Indians, but it is not more rea- eonable to call that sum a tribute than it would be to give that name to the distribution of presents wally made by the British and American govern- eats RS Ton a ae = their Ran 7 dem asthe riginal possessors of soi have an undoubted claim to the protection and liberality of the civilized governments with which they have come in contact; but we have never heard that the presence of euch tribes in Florida or other parts of the territory of Great Britain, or. the Unseuirates constitnted a ber 50 ~4 — reignty of any regular government. If such a exists on the fomaito coast, it resides not in the independent nghts of the Mosquito Indians, but in the lawiul clans which England may have had to exercise her own protectorate over them and their territory. It does appear, however, from the text of the treaty of 1786, that these rights on the Mos- juito coast were expressly abandoned to Spain ; Spain acted upon that cession ; and they have been renewed, if renewed at all, without the assent of her re mtatives. A question may indeed be raised whether it is to the Seate of Nicaragua or to that of Costa Rica—both being fragments of the Spanish viceroyalties of Gaatemala and of Santa Fe—that the coast of Mosquito and the mouth of the San Juan most rightfully belong. But that is a matter of perfect indifference to the rest of the world. It would be deplorable if the pub! ests of the passage ot the isthmus or the nations could be seriously troubled by the ues tion by whom is it to be made, or through whose territories 1s the line to pase, or by a squabble be- tween rival States in Central America. At pre- sent those regions consist of dense forests, pesti- Jent swamps, and barely navi; rivers; the wand of commerce may awaken them to improvement, poli my and life—the contests of the sword, or even ¢ pen, can only consign them to prolon, ed insignificance and esolation. If Lord Pal- merston is still resolved to regard the Mosquito See eeern tir ene ‘us know the grounds on whic rests his claim; but if those grounds are wanting, we decline to attach an importance to the Mosquito coast which even the sett ‘nt of Honduras would hardly de- serve. The Kassian Empire. IMPORTANT POLITICAL MO TS—THE Caveas- SIAN WAR—THE CONSPIRACY IN MOSCOW. The Ost Dewtsche Posi (a Vienna paper) has let- ters from Odessa, of the 5th instant, stating that a Russian flotilla ot five ships of the line of I 8 pm | in ~s port of that . This — 18 inten: to take a “my troops to topol. Great activity is displayed in all the Rus- sian ports and dock yards in the Black Sea In connection with this news, we find in the Zeitung, one of its Russian letters, in wi it 18 asserted that important political events may be ex, in the course of the mext year. ition of Russia (it is said in the letter to we refer) makes us look for the near ap- of the crisis. Though we cannot agree with a late correspondent trom Cracow, asserts that the kingdom of Poland is hkely to be occupied Austrian troops, we are credibly informed that cabinet at St. Petersburgh insists on an imme- diate solution of the Danish question in favor of Denmark rather than of Germany. Besides this, the pe PED RL yi nan influence which mght ise ped mos of dynasties and the principles of monarchical govern- ment. Russia is prepared to strain every nerve to i the status quo ante in Gosuens. Nor Russia alone in this quarrel. England MD, Spi soy" Sorop Sd poet coun’ i” and influence. uf wish to retain the neutral on which they may meet and contend their respective interests. Austria has « predilection for this state of affairs.— last and most serious point is, that Rus- el = is now resolved to execute her attempts a Byzantine countries ¢: in the 1860. ly the Emp eror Nicholas map believe 1m old traditions, and doubt the prolongation of his life , and he may thus feel urged to exe- cute it work before his decease. Certain it is, that the two now in prepar- ing to march to the Lower Danube and the Black are ought to that city from 3 oe hy Lk ought to oppose this gum: it scheme di conten Coloneus fato ane Sorcha , Abang | of gaining Germany nor Austria chance the ‘mouths of the Danube. x! The Cawcarus Gazette, of the 6th instant, an- mounces that the Russian army in , ins U of Prince Argutynsky Dolgo- ruky, had, alter a terrible | t, reduced | Teherkessienhe Czoch to ashes. ress measians lost 3,000 men in k spopated It is frie? stated "that everd = tachments of Schamyl's troops who were in the neighborhood of the fortre rious losses. The loss of G se- Revereus ea the y not to ex- ceed 560 in killed and wound The Hamburg 19th December Just received, states that in ence had reached the Polish froatier, on the to the effect that a widely ramified conspiracy, its centre in Moscow, and the aim rnich was to over- throw the present Russian had just been 4 Peterabarg were of which it was Senate were also Papers it appears the (Russian) New have been made r. The discovery to the goverament conspirators, who red, belong to the national propnetary not to have forgotten brought to light. Parties i at the head of the conspir: stated several members of ant. From iaterce; that on the next celebration Year's day, an attempt wag, | upon the person of the Em has caveed the more anxi from the fact that all have as yet been dise vpper ranks, and to body. The Poles see the disastrous results whigh have always followed their mixing themselves pp with any political movement ; om this accoumt it was, that the go- yernment lately reduced much smaller num- ber the army corps w: fe for some time past garrisoned Poland, and if is thought that the re- cent withdrawal of the de corps from that country, has been caused by apprehensions of the conspiracy just discovered. A very peremptory ukase has made its appearamee, requiriag all Rus- sian eubjects who are at fo in, foreign coua- tries, to return as quickly as possible to their homes, and threatening t@ confiscate the entire property of all those who to comply with this injunction. Interesting from 5S: se Posith that Kingdom In the German Strugg! (From the London 8, Deo ee The position of the little dom ot ‘ony, to which we cursorily alluded the other day by way of exemplifying the peculap difficulties and divi- sions of the Germanic Confederation, threatens to bring to a point the conflic! policy of the Prus- stan government and of the other German monar- chies. It 1s now stated, ahs from authority, it that the Saxon government made a direct an formal appheation for mili assistance to the Court ot Vienna, in case the political condition of Dresden and Leipzig shou! to menace the pera of tie State Send: the safety of the crown. The corps of the Austrian army quartered, on the frontiers of Bohemia and Saxony has been raised to 26,000 men, with supplies of ammu- nition and a rocket battery, e command of the Archduke Albert. ey have received orders to cross the frontier at the summons and the shortest nouce, and their cont ing officer has held a personal conference with the authorities in Dresden. In the mean time language of the Saxon Chambers 18 hostile, the abe stands perplexed between the fold dangers of a po ular outbreak and the assi: jul confederate. It chooses least of several evils, no doubt deeply regre! the hardship of times so unfavorable to the peage and indepen- dence of small States called upon to detend them- selves rs great dangers. Re The chief importance of this state of affairs is its direct eflect on the course which Pfussia has irre- vocably pledged herself to pursue im Germany. It willbe remembered that, on the occasion of the violeut insurrection of the democratic in Dresden, Prussian troops mare! with great promptitude to the support of the m army, (which had itself been weakened by an absurd ex- pedition into Schleswig, at the very moment when it Was most wanted at home,) and that, after the tranquility of the Saxon cope had Te-esta- bhished under martial law, Prussia av herself of the influence she owed mainly to the fears and the weakness of her ally to extort from her assent to the treaty of the 26th of May, for the es- tablishment ot a North German Separate e. Like the companions of be somes in the “ Odys- sey,” the minor princes of Germany had’ found themselves rescued from the flood, only tobe de- voured at leisure by their preserver. Saxomy and Hanover have never ceased to struggle against the terms of a compact which was imposed upon them partly by the ti en move- ment in their own dominions, and partly by the national movement which Prussia was laboring to turn to her own a: dizement. These States have tound the support they requirea im Austria, Bavaria, Wurtemberg ; and if Prus- sia enforces the terms of that henge it can only be by employing the popular force which she is about to rekindle at Erfurt Sy: all the leading German governments. '@ Prus- sla, aspiring, a8 she now does, to effect a at change im her own cundition at the expense of her neigh! to Germany—and even to Europe, the destruction of these little States may not be a sub- ject of alarm or regret; but te themselves it is a matter of lite and death, and though we may be indiflerent to the fate of these petty sovereigns, we cannot forget that some of them are powers of the second clase, that allof them have an historical character, and that the extinction of so many inde- of a too power- pendent and sovereign States is a complete subver- sion and violation of an vp pew chapter in the blic law of E . Inthe itself we see ittle that is of much interest to any but the parties concerned; but the means by which that change may be eflected, and the means which may be em- ployed to resist it, are of vital consequence to the general peace. We are told by an authority which ought to know what it says, that nothing of the “general peace” remains worth contending for, and we are reminded of the partition of the fing: dom of che Netherlands, which gave the first con- siderable blow to the treaties of 1815. But that transaction is one which especially demonstrates the advantages of eflecting such changes by lawful negotiation and general agreement. The separa- tion of Belgium from Holland was a legalized sepa- ration, and it has perfectly answered. We draw a broad distinction between such an act as that, assented to by all the powers, and such an infrac- tion of the treaty of Vienna = the arbitrary will of certain of those powers as the extinction of the independence of Cracow. No one contests the entire right of the members of the Germanic Confederation to remodel and im- prove that league. The 4th article of the final Act of 1820 expressly provided that— “ The right of completing and Soretentog, the funde- mental compact, when the object which it hasin view require it, belongs to the aesembied mbers of the confederation. Nevertheless, the resolutions to be taken for that ean neither be in contradiction view to their retorm, are to be edop' sembly of States, and by unenimity.”” ‘ Such, therefore, are the terms on which such changes can alone be lawfully effected. The ministers of the King ot Saxeny have learned by recent experience that although it may be convenient, end even necessary, for them to have recourse to the assistance of a powerful neighbor, yet that when such assistance comes from Berlin it is accompanied by demands tending to impair the independent sovereignty of the Saxon Crown. The King of Saxony has declared that Austria and Prussia are both of them his coafede- rates and alles, and that he makes no dillerence between them; nor, indeed, by the acts ot 1415 and 1820 is there any such difference. But if the Prus- sian policy prevailed, a very material difference wi arise, since ony would be bound to Prussia the strongest bonds of identity, th she is only united te Austria by the terms of a league which Prussia regards = obso- lete. On the strict legal greu) Y Saxon cabinet appears to have taken its stand, it has just the same right to call in ‘Austrian asalstt ance now as it had to call in Prussian assistanc- when half Dresden was in the of the mob. Suictly speaking, such intervention ought to be pany A order of” iS the Diet Berlin the Diet, but im the absence of t 5 so may Vienna. It is impossible to deny the right of every German go- — to put itself under the i of such cecupation. But no separate t or parual lene could defeat the right of Teoria to en any suc! Tal still subsisting articles of If, therefore, an Austrian detacni invited to deseend the Elbe, by the Court of Saxo- ny, we know no grounds on which Prussia could remonetra' inst such a step, however incom- patible it mght be with the principles of her own separate treaty of the 26th of May. For, in fact, Sexony has recourse to the rights secured to her as a member of the confederation of 1515, to pro- tect her against some of the consequences of the revolutionary movement of 1848. So far, we trust that there is nothing in this advance of the Aus trian corps at which the Prussian ernment could take umbrage; but it would be much to be regretted if the temporary assistance given to Sax- ony, on her request, were construed into a menace against the projected Erfurt Perliament. That As sembly may, we are confident, be left to fiad its own level im public estimation, and it would be an error of the most t kind to attack it any kind of violence. The experiment originated wi Prussia, and it is desirable that the entire respon sibility of it should rest with her, subject, of course, to an absolute respect for all those nghts of other members of the confederation which have not | been abrogated either by force or by consent. At | the present time, however, when Prussia has so- lemnly engaged herself to make this trial, she can- not with¢raw, however willing some of the States she bas carried along with her may now be to fol- low a different course. Some allowance is due to the position in which she has been placed by the | revolution, and a direct attack on this expedient would bring shout an open collision between the extreme principles of democracy and Fe opr | The neighboring powers can, therefore, afford | to await the result, and we trust that the Austrian government will not be induced to embark with press on on a course of action woict. ». ~vla lead to the most fatal resvlis; a good understand. ing between Austria and Prussia is pow, and ut al) times, the only secure basis for the progressive welfare of Germany and the tranquility of Europe Attack on the Moral Cuusracicr of fSossuth. The following letter, although 0 a some wnat old date, contains rome few details relative to Lewis Kossuth and bis companions, which are not with- ont interest. We take it from the Austrian Reichs- Zeitung :-— * So -umra Nov, 28. 1849, I reached this place yesterday, where the Hungarian refugees bad previously arrived from Wideia, It may well be imagived bow anxious | was to sea the men East. who, whether for good oF evil. atcraor *1CD am Opporcunity # of these geatlonen and ivaroed rom them a@ highly eurtous fact rele tive to the prfucipal persoomue, Lewis Kossuth He is no more the chef ef the emigration, tle has fia! 4 Mor Sevezel has undertaken the com cause of this mow phase is undoubtediy ting. Kossuth, who, accordtog to all pre- vious descriptions, | considered to be nolely devorad to the scoomplishment of the mighty project which bad Taired h to Wordly eminence —Kossuth, who. in all his speeches. professed to have devoted the vided energies of bis soul to bis Magyar tatherl Koseuth, who hitherto seemed to labor for histury alone bas pow entered the field of romance, and ex- changed the laurel forthe rose In a word, Kossuth bas fallen into end through— love ‘Already, during the mareh from Widdin, serious altercations had tab: Place between the leaders of tion. especially between Kossuth, Cassimir, and Perezel. The principal cause of this F connection between L. Korsuth and Coun- teas Dembinsky, a very bandgpme woman, the daugh- ter, it ie said, of a tradeemai Temeswar. named Ho- gel. who accompanied the travellers clothed in man's der the name of Emilius Hogel. Kossuth had himself and his fair triend several times dur- g the journey from his comrades. This separation, which lasted at one period several days, was profited by the latter to deprive Kossuth of the chief command, and in deepite of bis an hands of Morice influence with Habel Pach: “revolution,” otherways B: ly occupied with the cure of his wounds, ing bis vengeance against Russia—it nd satisfy- 1s to be hoped, also, with looking out for the passage of his soul over Al Sirat ad long, however, been divid- onsisting of the blind fol- ; & Bee imbued with ultra demo- cratic principles. attached toM Perezel; and thirdly, ‘a lees democratic fraction, supportery of Count Batthi- apy. At one moment it was F rageeme to make over the command to the latter. His historical name and aristocratic connections spoceens to the port; but considerations of @ different na- ture obtained the victory. The fugitives are loth to lose the sympathies of democracy. They hope soon to be in a postion to prose by these sympathies (Are they. perebance, looking forward to arising of the Bul ian, Roumelian. and Albanian democrats against the Porte?) Thus it was that many of Kos- suth’s and Batthiany’s friends voted for M. Perczel But Kossuth, for all this, will not entirely lose his in- fluence. He will find the ways and means to make face against all events. Thus, for instance, duriog the journey, he promoted several of bis dependents ot civil professions to be staff officers, in order that they might obtain higher allo: , according to thi rank, without com pg that he was the Porte Kossuth also an- the narrow pontoon taptinople had promised to furnish pass- tthem. This intelligence of the emi- arded bimself, that he would only submit if removed in chains, The refugees are quartered in the great artillery barracks; but Ferczel aud Kossuth have prt: vate lodgings. I was by the appearance, among other officers, of a captain, named Julius Saros, who | discovered to be a very pretty woman. Italy. OPENING OF THE TURIN CHAMBERS. At the opening of the Chamber of Turin, on the 20th mst., the King in person add: the Par- liament in the following terms: My Lonvs asp G: anp Cramer or Di 3 OF THY SexaTe ‘arliamen’ the country, bring me here at present toconvoke ano- ther. cannot produce any discomfort in our minds. They mature us in the only school at which we can learn what is in sable in political life—tvat of experience. They have been the occasion of a noble example of trust and cencord between the people and its sovereign. it possesses. Our four months ago, ie not much altered. Our relations with friendly powers bave become more faci! and cur national credit e us of all reputation et home with those institutions e administrati tal comseqnenons, within my breast a rene and stronger Tate of our country and of our institutions. ). com their epeedy settlement. Geateemks, Bexatons, any Deron that tical order of thi mi clert for there be not proofs wi ful and beneficial | resulta m thet ; This indirpensa’ sanc fo your patriotic wisdom. | re you that Dever wasa greater cecasion to make ure of it; and in the pame of our country, whom we all love go well. | of you to lay aside all other considerations, and to think of healing her bleeding wounds, and assure her honor and rafety fi " The King was enthusiastically received on his pastage to the Chamber. Torture in Switzerland, Lh, ate ee has just taken place at Herisau, capital of Inner Aprenzell, in Switz- erland, showing how much in these countries of old bberties civilization is behindhand in eome matters. A young girl of 19, some months back asrase: her rival. Her lover was arreste with and, as she accused him of the cnme, - put to ) Le pony The gl yielded to ¢ pain, and confessed her crime ; the young man held firm in his denial; the former was condemned to death, and on the 7th of this month was decapi- ith the sword in the market-place of He- This ie itself a startling one, but the details are j strange. For two hours the woman was able to struggle against four indivi- duals charged with the execution. After the first hour, the strength ot the woman was still so great that the men were obliged to demst. The authori- ties were ther consulted, but they declared that justice ought to follow its course. The stragele then recomme: |, with greater intensity, des pair seemed to have r@doubled the woman's forer At the end of another hour, she was at last bound by the hair to a stake, and the sword ot the exe- cutioner then carried the sentence into effect. lated it of the ant of Brussels, ina letter dated the 14th imstant : —“A few mon’ one of the most charming hotels of the new quarter of the Champs-Elysées was occupied by Count K-—, an ex-foreiga di- jist, the Countess R-— their daughter. Count is abaut 60 years of age. his wife 25, and the daughter 6. Count R. received a good deal of company, and particularly fereigners of distine- tion, in consequence ef nis nationality, and the ac- intances that he had made in his different em- ssies. The young countess was a great favorite for her beauty andher jishments. Notwith- standing tne difference in the age of the count and his wife, their conjugal life was a perfect model of Bed ink ortne bere marriage The" ‘Conn tt rtune ma . count who was the friend of her family, had married her as much on account of his admirauon of her merit as of the desire that he felt, being the last of his race, to dispose of his ty im favor of « family that he esteemed. was the general tion of things as it has been certified to me.— In the month of September Inst, the count receiv. ed, from a capital in the north of Europe, a letter from a priest, entreating him to come as soon as possible to the deathbed of the mother of the coun- teas, and he was strictly enjoined to come alone The Count, although much opis, complied with the request, and concealed it from the coun- tess in order to epare her feelings. He arrived at ufficiemt time to receive from the mouth of his expiring mother-in-law a most painful and sad avowal—a confession enjoined without doubt by the priest as a condition of reconciliation with God. Here my task asa narrator becomes difficult and delicate. I must leave the reader to sappose what the confession was. The dying person was of ut the same asthe count, and had married an old man. At his debut in the diplomatic career, the count had several years in that capital, where he had formed an intimate tance with the family of the lady ath, to his great regret and that of the Baron- exe (i ——, he changed his residence, and daring 193 years rove successively in diplomatic functions At the end of this period he returned as an ambassador. ‘The baroness was a widow with very little fortune, and the prospects of her daughter were therefore by no means bri . The count offered his hand 10 the daughter, and the mother, dazzled by the advantages which would result to her from this ale hance, gave a guilty wssent. The marriage took place, but the mother, from a caprice, as the count sopposed at the time, elpuiated that he wad hiy wife should go and ieride in another country They went to Italy, where they remaioed uaui tne recent revolutions broke out, aod then they visited Peris, The nature of the cruel confession made by the dying woman to the couat to save her soul trom perdition by absolution may be divined. The guthy mother died pardoned by the count, but the man, who had once 1oved her, received such a shock, that from this moment he resolved never to see his wite again, or the truit of hia fatal marriage, He availed hunsell of the pacific Italy to return, and went straight to Mount C » to Bolle cit en asylum trem the Benedictine monks of St. Jobn. The countess learned at the same time the of her mother, wad the strange dis app ance of her husband. ‘Soon alterwatds she rec ed some papers for the regulation of her fort #8 the definitive documents of a separatioa f which no motive was stated. We may judy what passed in the mind of this young aad ing woman, who was at once an orphun an a widow, without being able to comprehend the couses of a separation, or knowing where her hus- band was. She imagined at first that she was the victim of some atrocious calumny, but, Knowing her innocence, she resulved to seek out the truc couse. Last month she decided oa visiting the foreign capital where her mother died, and there the unfortunate countess learned everything how is notknown. Suddenly her daughter, the little engel, admired by all who knew her, became odi- cus to the mother, and ere long the countess be- came insane. Last week the furniture of her hotel was sold by auction, and a report was current that Mdlle. Alboni (the vocalist) had purchased the hotel, but ] do not know what truth there is in the report. The unfortunate countess has a brother, itis said, in the service of one of the princes of the north, and a notary of Paris is stated to have directed the sale by ‘his orders. As to Count R it is supposed that he intends to become a monk.” Total Wreck of the Packet Ship Oneida, ef New York, The particulars of the wreck of the American cket ship Oneida, Willard, of and from New York for Havre, (a report of which has already ap- peared.) we extract from the Guernsey Star, of th inst.:— . Yesterday morning, at about 3 o’clock, the Ame- rican ship Oneida, with a crew of twenty men and twenty passengers, struck on some rocks about two miles off the northwest of this island, and, after an unsuccessful attempt being made to wear ship, was driven on to the rocks on the southera extremity of La Perrelle Bay, where she remained fixed. By the concussion the rudder was unship- ped, the ship’s back broken, and the mainmast sprung, in consequence of which the latter was cut away and drifted out to sea with its sails and rig- ing. _The sea was now breaking violently over the ship, which, it was apprehended, would go to pieces; in consequence, several of the bouts were got, but as they were lowered they were dashed » with the exception of the longboat, which, hewever, from the boisterous state of the sea, could not be entered. By this time day was breaking, and the ship being seen from the shore, several boats put out to her assistance, but, owing to the terrific breakers by which she was sur- rounded, had great difficulty in approaching her. Finally, however, they got under her bows, and the crew commenced lowering some of the passengers by slings from the bowsprit; but while this opera- ton was in progress, Mr. Henry Tupper, Lloyd’s agent, arrived, and seeing the peril to which the passengers were exposed by being slung into the boats, and knowing that in the course of an hour or two, by the falling of the tide, they could be landed in safety, advised the master to keep all hands on board. This advice being followed, the whole of the passengers and crew, with their per- sonal efiects, were subsequently brought, without apy accident, to shore, where they were kindly received in various neighboring houses; and in the evening the whole were conducted into towa. The cabin passengers were a French lady and gentleman, and Dr. Edouard, a French savant, who had on board with him a very valuable coilec- tion of pictures and other works of art, accamu- lated - him during a residence of thirty-five years mthe United States, and which, it is feared, will be destroyed by the sea water, as they are in the ship’s hol ¢ sleerage passengers were princi- pally poor German emigrants, who were on their return to their own country trom the United States, where they had tailed in finding that em- ployment of which they had gone in search. The wreck of the Oneida consists of 1,950 bales of cot- top, and a large quantity of provisions, tallow, and ashes, makisg in the whole nearly 1,000 tons. ‘The property has taken possession of by Mr. Le Merchant, Consul tor the U. States, and a strong force of men, boate, carts and horses is being em- oy to bring the cargo to land, the sum ot 12s. 6d. ing fixed for every bale of cotton brought to high water mark, and a proportiogate payment for other parts of the property. The ship, it is believed, will become a total wreck, but it is hoped that the i The O1 sailed from and not made any land tll about 11 o'clock on Thursday — ‘Lhe ship at that tume running a course east and by north, a light was seen ahead, which was supposed to be on the English coast, but shortly afterwards it was made out to be the Caskets, the light then being on the larboard bow. On this discovery being made, the ship was put about, and steered west and by south, and the wind then being from the north-west, added to the indraught of this part of the channel, threw her on to the coast of this island. In this disaster, we have another proof of the necessity for having a light on the southern or western coast of Guernsey, as the crew of the Oneida are, we understand, unauimous in declarii that, had there been such a hght, the vessel woul not have run into the peril which was the cause of her being lost. We have every reason to believe that the erection of a light is already decided on ; but we truet that the present addition to the list of calamities, of which this coast has been the scene, will be the means of accelerating the execution o the intention. {From the London Shipping Gazette } Gurensay, Dec. 22. —The operation of discharg- “— cargo of the American ship Oneida, which cast on the rocks of La Perrelle Bay, on the morming of Wednesday last, commenced on the following day, and has ever since been going on with great activity. A large quantity of the cotton has been to land, and is now being carved stores. The ship, although holt together; and should ¢ me ‘nt quarter, Bony is rea- son to hope that ter part ot rly Zeenee. The few of the Oneida left for Sout phon yesterday earning by the press (#). Guernsey, Dev. - operation of saving the cargo and stores of the wreck of the American ship Oneida have proceeded with but little inter- tuption, and with entire success. Up to Saturday night 800 bales of cotton had been carted to the Bouvet distillery, and between 200 and 300 were Fo pee td there yesterday, independently of about 200 which were deposited above high-water mark in La Perelle Bay. Some hundred small casks of lard and provisions, together with several bales ot hops other goods, have also been brought to land, ae well as a considerable part of the rigging. The mainmast, which was cut away on the mora- ing of the wreck and drifted off, has been a | np in the bay and secured, with all its sails and saralay, for the purpose of steadying the ship on Friday, for steady ing IP, sigh also LJ secured In Ad up to 4 night, no part property niost, We mention these facta in justice to Messrs. Collasand Le Messurier, the rmtendents of the wreck, as it has been reported that they had caused the ship's tide to be cut away, and that, in consequence, ind drifted to sea. No part Shack wes adharrenote for getiag st was indi for get cargo. The ship still Seto cageter ood dese ig every reason to believe that, unless the weather should become very unfavorable, the whole of the ill be secured. ie — beeeed FO _pro- to pieces, for, independently of the inju- fe bee already sustained, she is ballasted as she lightens, weight is nee sith 100 tons of hewn stone end bas a tendency to float, this likely to break away her bottom. ‘The Legitimate Drema and the Italian Opera in Lonaon, [From the London Ubronicle, Deo. 28.) stated at Drury-lane, of Mr. Aaderson; ' ie lnk: of late years undergone # woful severance from her old and true allegiance. What is going to be done with Covent Garden ? And, in perucular, are we to have a second Italian Opera next cenvon? One might, indeed, have the veh: a proort that this was hardiy a question whieh could need to be discussed senously, ata tmoment when the lawyers are etill busy with the odbris of the latest affair of the kind, and when our columns of law intelligence continue to afford, from time to tirne—under the too-sugaeative head. Seurt of Dankruptey, In Re Delafield” — ional il-tidings of what once bore the name jal Tolan Opera’ Bot ae there may be some reason for doubting whether the trae moral of that catastrophe ie universally appreciated, we sre des rons—lesa forthe exke of any imorodent speculater whe mey ha ane te away han for the general mte of the lyrical drama n this country—of stating ovr objections to aa ch would, we are convinced, prove ous to the capitalist and mischievous in blic point of view. tus begin with clearing the question of one on the threshold “4 between operate nd ordivary commere y many, that @ lled, presents ap unseemly contrast to * free trade in every- Uning elee”’—in other words, that the competitive priveiple which aupwers so weil in the every-day operaions of trade and commerce, and which we are accustomed to regard as the pareat alike of cheapness and excellence, 1s, of necessity, equally applienble to the ailains of art aud the drama. But what he rationale of the undoubtedly sound maxim, thet “two shops are better Simply, that the increased demaad jor a particular commodity, resulung from the opening of the second shop, sumulates aa increased supply—that increase of supply very commonly ineens diminished cost of production—and that cheapened production leads to more extensive con- sumption. The maxim is true or false, in any par- ticular case, precisely according as these condi- tions are, or are pot, Capable of being realised. It all rests on the fundamental postulate, that an in- creased demand necessarily tends to produce an increased supply. Let this element ot the question be wanting—and the free trade formula at once falls to the ground. Now this is precisely how the case stands with regard to the public patronage of operative and dra- matic ait. ‘The great primary condition of the suc- ceseful application of the mere commercial princi ple as here sigeally wanting. Demaad does not pane supply. The opening of a second opera jouse has not the remotest teudency to increase the available amount ef firat rate operatic talent.— Prima domnas are pot worked off by steam power at so mucha dozen, like silks, shirtings, and cali- coes. You can’t get a Lind, a Sontag, a Grist, a Lablache, or a Mane, made to order. No force of the ‘commercial principle” caa break down this monopoly—for it is held under patent direct from Nature herself. Double your demand—and you merely double, treble, or quadruple the market pace Of the commodity, without either improving ts analy, or adding one iota to its quantity.— Hence the “extravagant salaries,” which have been said—not very accurately, by the way shall presently see—to have wrecked Mr. field's speculation. Those “extravagant sal were not, as 1s somewhat inconsiderately assumed, an accidental item in the Covent Garden experi- ment—they | belonped to its very essence. Of course salaries will be exorbitant when two houses | are bidding against each other forthe talent which | is not more than sufficient to satisfy the demands | of one. To ask for the competition, without the “extravagant salaries,” 18 to ask for causes without eflects. | a ‘ Such is the radical fallacy of the doctrine of “* tree trade,” as applied to operatic and dramatic eflairs. lt 18 simply proposing to apply the com- Gelpnble fallacy, that meet © allude to the fancied a or dramauc unde itis the northern continental ports falling off 1s €: to impart some degree ot firmness;and it poy regarded as tolerably certain t vat the arrivals from the Baltic will, during the next two or three mouths, be comparatively emall. The official ac- count of the importations into the United Kingdom during the month ending Sth December, has just been published, m which it appears that the total quanuty of, nd pulse, of foreiga growth, entered for home consumption in the phe ns named amounted to 825,281 quarters; and that, in addi- von, 209,174 cwis of toreign manufactured flour and meal were received. These enormous sup- phes readily account for the extreme diteulty which our farmers have experienced in effecting sules of their produce, and the great depreciation which their property has suffered. Since Febru- ary last, wheu the duties were aboliched, our im- fe «f grain, &e., have averaged above one mile ag of quarters per montn, and the reauction in the price of wheat, under the influence ot constant pressure ou the markets, has beem about 103. per quarter, or 20 per cent. “The general weekly ave- rege for the kidgdom, published yesterday, 13 38s. 9d, and the return for the corresponding week in 1848 was 47s. 7d. per quarter. The decline in prices of other kinds of corn has not been quite so great, but all descriptions of agricultural pro- duce have suffered an immense reduction. If the line of policy whieh has caused this be persisted he cultivation of the soil must cease to be re- munerative; though farmers may fora time continue to at hope, as their leases ti truggle against fall in they will natura ly give up so unprofitable an employment. Lnis the political economists tells us ts Of no IMportance; acco ig to their doce tive it 1s the extent of the imports, and not the in- ternal production, that constitutes the wealth of a country. For the present, however, we are taclined to think that prices have touched the lowest. We shall most probably have arrivals from one quarter or the other during the winter months, but not on 80 extensive a scale as heretofore; and though we do not calculate on any advance of moment, we should not be surprised if wheat were to rally 4s. to 5s. per quarter between this and March. The arn wheat coastwise into London have been emall since the close of last week, and the quanti- SF exhibited at Mark Jane by land earriage sa ples, from the neighboring counties, has been quite insignificant. The trifling nature of the supply has caused factors to ask somewhat enhanced’ terms, and the best qualities of white wheat were placed on Monday at prices about 1s. per quarter above those realised on that day se’nnight; the general runs were more saleable, but were not dearer than be- fore. Since then the transactions have been alto- mee of a retail character; on Wednesday scarce- ly any business was done, and the operations this morning were of too little importance to warrant alteration in quotations, but the turn was decided! in favor ot the selier. Foreign wheat has met wit less attention than English, though millers fiad it necessary to employ a considerable quantity for mixing; this they have hitherto been enabled to mercial principle of unrestricted competition to a commodity which nature has made the subject of a pretty close monopoly, When itis further con- sidered that the physical dimensions of our theatres impose a fixed limit to the “ consuming power ”” of the public, and likewise that custom has fixed the selling price of the article at a maximum which no manager can safely venture to exceed—ia a word, that this is a branch of business in which the “ returns” are not susceptible of indefinite increase, in proportion to increased outlay—the reader will see the full absurdity of applying the “ commercial ” doctrine to a class of undertakings which nature and custom alike have combined to withdraw from the jurisdiction of political econo- my. The competing theatrical manager finds himself hemmed in between two anti-commercial necessities—he pays monopoly prges. and his re- ceipts are limited to a fixed standard. jut letus go a step further, and look at the ef- fects of this kind of competition on the character of operatic art itself. The same process which runs up salaries to a preposterous height obviously Mmukes it impossible for any one establishment to retain in its service a full and effective staff of the highest talent. ‘The corps which, if combined and concentrated on a single stage, would be adequate to the perfect interpretation of the greatest mastere pieces of the first composers, is broken up and tcattered. You have a star here, andi star there— an incomparable Alice or Amina in one house, and superb Norma in another—but nowhere a sus ned and harmonious ensemble, complete in all its pafts and proportions. Nothing could more forcibly illustrate this tendency of the competitive system than the deplorable condition to which it has brought the national drama. In the old days. when Drury lane and Covent Garden, instead o} ruining each other by an irrational competition, concentrated their respective resources—the one on tragedy, and the other on comedy—salaries were moderate, each establishment nad the un- disturbed command of the best talent of the day, and each was enabled to produce the and most finished combinations of excellence in its own hne of art. But competition crept in, and spoiled all. In place ofa perfect and effective corps 5 we got the “star system,” with its few rt and its many blanks. In place of a rati and well-organized division of labor and combination of talent, by which managers, actors, the public, and art itself alike profited—we have of late years do without appearing to ey in the market, asa large proportion of the late imports from abroad has gone direct into their hands— | meanwhile, we have comparatively little country | demand,and the trade has been more firmthan brisk. | Holders appear to reckon with confidence on a | more active inquiry after the turn of the year, and | no anxiety has been shown to push sales. The | business done on Monday was at rates fully equal to those current on that day se’naight, and this morning the finer descriptions were held with greater firmness thap earlier in the week, owing to the setting in of sharp trost.| Flour has not ex- cited much attention since our last; there has, how- ever, been a steady sale for good marks, at fer- mer terms. ‘The show of Englisn barley was mo- derate on Menten, and choice | leo were easily placed at previous prices. conde sorts were, on the other hand, difficult of di on | and prices of the latter had a downward tendency. Since then the demand forsthis grain has been very slow, and even the best qualities were taken cautiously to-day. The supply of foreign has more than sufficed to satisfy the inquiry; and in some cases, where it has been necessary to clear coming on demurrage, lower rates ha instances been taken, to eflect sales fri thip. The value of malt bas remaine A considerable portion of the arrival! of oats 18 this week agein from Scotland, but the total supply is jculatly large. ‘The pringipaldealers have, r, conduc’ed their operations with extreme , and the trade has been very slow. Prices uch the same on Monday #8 on that day week,and have not undergone any change re- quiring netice since then; but that it would have been necessary to have accepted less setney to have made progress in the sale of inferior and out of condition qualities of Scotch or foreign, admits ot little doubt. uotations of beans and ome have remained unaltered; the demand for these articles has been very tardy, and the mapelies, though moderate, have proved amply sufficient. Holders of Indien’ corn have asked full term for floating cargoes, but the business actually doae been quite unimportant. Messrs. Barings Cirealar. Lonpon, Friday, Lec, 28, 1849—Five o'clook, P. M. Daring the whole of last week we experienced great etivity im the colonial and foreign produce markets, and though very large quantities of most descriptions had a little of everything everywhere, but artistical perfection and completeness newhere. The conse- quence was what we have seen—the British drama went out, and French horsemanship and concerts monstres came in. To such a have mattera arrived, that the production perfectly well acted English play en the boards of one of our great metropolitan theatres—should so brilliant a success be achieved by the present lessee of Drury lane—will really be one of the most remarkable novelties of the age. i To thore who have followed us thus far, it must be needless to say much on the particular cir- cumstances of the case more immediately before us. If the principles above-stated are sound, it at once follows that any project for re- newing the disastrous experiment of the last three eseesons, is one which all true lovers of the lyrical drama are interested in depreciating. Yet it tay useless to correct one OF {iu misapprehen- 8 which prevail, We Delieve, to some extent, With reference to the history of that ruinous busi- ness. It cannot be too distinctly understood that the Covent Garden speculation failed, not from accidental or re: , but from causes intrinsic to its nature. It was an experiment tried under most fav: auspices, and one sees no hatever, why it should not have succeeded the one insurmountable reason that the —X, Boe gy a Sandee. It = su; al outset by a singularly powerful combination of first rate tale: Dery the ser- vices of a musical director, had upwards of Lwenty years experience at Her Majesty's Lura- tre. The financial man ot lacked neither thill nor cepital. In the , firet, of an accom. plished ortite and her husband, (himself a muet- cian and composer)—next, of an experienced music dealer, and man of business—and lastly, of a gevtlemen of large property and unbounded liberality—the enterprise had every ble jus. tice done to it; yet in each of these hire succes sive phases, it was a losing and ruinous business. It was not, as some imagine, the heavy original outlay that remotely caused the final catastrophe that was over before Mr. Delafield’s time; he did fem hg the concern until after a fortune had b ly sunk in it by the Persians. Nor was it the “extravagant salaries” that ht the es- the ground; for an examination of the most material tact, that, although the atrraction continued the same in sad 1} yetthe rovenee foslined to soe 000) tent (frem en aggregate of £41,000 to J = the cponeye taken sore insufficient to defra miscellaneous expenditure, even vel of the a! “xt the leading. crinare There consequently nothing in t jistory of this specu lation to break the. foree of the broad tact, that ¢ fortunes have been sunk—just one per an- Bum—in the attempt to establish a second Italian opera in London. 4 M Ww to presume that the obvious infer- 8 the correct one—namely, that nt, and will mot su two ind this conclusion is still further well-known fact, that, until with- ina recent period, the annals of Her Majesty's Theatre have been a mere history of bankruptcies and disasters. And it may be added, that were there on, reason i wares that we, public juire a la sa operatic entertaiam: thee they boa previeccly to the year 1847, the ra. tional mode of supply the demand would be by mereasing the nomber of weekly perform ances, not by preluply ing opera houses. We emeerely trust that the leseon taught by recent experience will not be disregarded; and we espe. | many old admired cially hope, for the sake favorites of the public, thatthey will not be tempted to hazard their professional gains in that strenge sort of jointetock speculation, which we have heard proposed—a echeme of which 1 that it appears to us to comby heity, the seemingly incomp of the two antagonist principles of compe tion and communism. ‘The Corn Trade of Europe. From the London Mereantile Gerette, Dec 28 ) he regular course of business has, as is usa ally the eave during the Christmas week, been a good deol intertered with by the woo Many of the prinerp.| provinetal -_ markets have beew held eff the accustomed J thie hee been the care the attendence has been slender; the firm tone which the trade assumed } i lost week hes, nevertheless, been maintanmed the value of wheat has, notwithstanding the ine | rent condition in which most of the samples band, rather tended upwards There he present position of affurs to lead to the belief that any material advance is about to take place, but the probebility of the supplies from jay, and wherever | of goods were brought forward, almost everything found eager buyers, and rally at advanced rates, he principal purchases being by the trade and speca- lators, export demand having experienced a check from ral of the near ports being closed by ice. markets have been closed for tne holidays re-open till 2d January next, but # good doing privately, and prices still chow an upward tendency, the natural result of ued abundance of money. The Funds are steadily main- tained, Coneols leaving of at M6 0%. exdiv. By last returp, the amonut of buliton held by the Bank of England was £16,901 261 The overland mail arrived on the 20th instant. bri the following dates:— Bombay, 17th November; atte, Sth November; Hong af B0th October; Shangbas, 234 October o,- tavie 29th Coivoer; Manila, iocm October; aed © Jombo, 15th November. Hon. EB. Dave advanced their rate of exchange for Bilis gal Madras to Is. 11d , and on Bombay to Is. 1 rates; i United States 6's, 1862, 101, ox | 104, ex aly ; ditto 1868. 106 » 1 State 6's, 94's 06: ditto City 6's, 908 92, nominal; Fem sylvania 6's, 820 #5; Obio 6’, 99 «100; Virgi ; Missise! " Silver, trom 4+ « t#, ith 60 begs Mexican, + 11d a 4e., 150 bage Hon- Silver this atterpoon fold being ® farther improvement of rarer, We notice small rales Trial 40 8 452. and 400 wage good (iuayaquil at 300 one jot at Sls, showing an advance of Is «ls. 64. ~The last advices from Batavia fully com lous ones of the important deficiency 1m crop, and I the near ports of the continent, as well ae the Mediterranean, the article has continued im active of importan our last Hier —Rorsion Grm, as last quoted; Manille neg- and "CO bales at public sale oo 2) staat were nl) bought ip at £80 8 £50 be Jute has deo! it Culoatte; with large arrivals and heavy shipmen’ | 200 below pe preg Mocet if; Ope ~ 9h a ag 14; , £18 108, . 4 Canes tt Hinited demand ai. 07 for Bel 16s, for best New York, im bartels, thick 6 te. Od Sperm ie firm at £82, cowmon fish offs move re t £20 & £48 for Southern, £29 10+ for 90, for fine pale real. Cites in mors or dearer, palm scarce, at Sie a Sus ; Noweed freer at 808 om the £16 We Lr and 43 in ath ment, and ranged bands fro Oe 8 d\ing white Beogel, sod ab. ut 45.000 bags ha | 10s 64. foe low to