The New York Herald Newspaper, January 17, 1850, Page 2

ministers, they come abroad with instructions to Take the wake ol those of England and France; and they are so il! chosen, that one half of their time 18 rostitutedto berlavering despotism, while the other alf is occupied with apologies fortheir existence, and explanations of the circumstaxces which ren- der tree institutions locally necessary in the Uai- ted States. I bave not seen owe of these functien- aries who was not ready to-Reminy, 8 well pul liely as privately, the enormities of the British sy8- tem and its cousins German of t ie and to make a fling 2¢ the incomparable revolution from darkness to light in France. Not knowing what they say, they agree when here, that demo- eracy is all very well tor the | nited States; but that this advanced and complicated society has a political form better adapted to it. This official D4 y universal, and almostall our desertion is nearly selves to be entrapped by the ration and agricultural dia- nere—nothing but political gasherings—into deplorable and ignorant a ppreciations of what the do not love at home and do not understand abroad. These siupidiues are held up atterwards logically in the Lords, er the misealled Comm then the happiness of their innocent 1s completed by the empty praises by which the nonsense is repaid. If the American Senate faith- discharged its superb mission of sending out into wll the world, the messengers of those doc- trines revealed to man, for his temporal salvation, by Thomas Jefler the success of the twelve fishermen of Gallilee would sooa be approach- ed, But, 10 what imposters has it not thoughilessly advised and cousented! It has Gelegated the great name and authority of demo- cracy to «flicers, for the mest part, 8 after the event, stand on Cale and witness other crucifixion, without comprehending what wssing before their eyes. 1 speak warmly, ce there isso much real cause Glance at +g this very year 1849 If there had been at Rome an American represevtative, that republic would have been recognized. If it had been re- cognized by the United States, France would have respected ut. If France had respected. it, it would heve stood its ground. If ut had stood its ground, Hungary have fallen down on ltaly, and by the of thirty millions of peo; hb retracted the struggle ull Russia and Austr from exhaustion; or ull the moral al powerot the United St on sea been thrown iato it t side, yo. Ger pelled their iepower. lt pited St the entre hemisphere of hy nivel, should bave extric ministers allow them aristocracy at €or} union q to range birthplece without a ted her sister in this old world. just as she e hali-delivered hoa | the in v6 Durst Lato fi ely Tepe: sentatt the insieally of small va ke t © hese ny ony lel td Mr. Lawrence with three great faults; first, yieldn precedence to the three hops ct Seorch over bis great ancestors of 1776. Surely yw sud to pardon this delia- qneney es were ever ao iudeoendent vation, butsivce the act of umton, in 1707, they have been merge the mass of British people. We have stil onel character, however, in pohtics; they are more English than the Enghsh b adoration of monarchy, and they Nave been treatrd unjustly by the author ot Junius, (orobably Dr. Johwson,) tor the F private lives; at least, their political opntor table to every trae Ame- Tican The yp speech, w a nter of the , has filled the Scoten eul vranon land, k will lin the United Statés. Asto g jon, we take leave to reply oure ters note of interrogation—“the the pe xtex selves 10 the warnor, the s 4 poct=where were they ber We have but tte in our day to do with poets ; but este t rors aod statesmen, they Were born io America, wud their names are Woehirgion an tee A : will nd that estion of mewn » whch he has resolved many times, to hi vant Again, he isa millions tr, a conten lord, and spoke under the softimp achmen’ of his rank, ameoog an aris- tocratie set with Giles just as yraceful and pre- sumptu Lut he was only @ representa. tive—thi preseptat ve, of that wi 6 leton acrors a continent who a y free and equel, and who hv laws which legisierures and conveutions of their ageuts have mide forthe general good. fe was the represen ative of the adverse doctrine to that of his auditors He represented the sovereigaty of the peo le—not that other so-called rreignty by which his principal and his princi, | alike purnec, 4d Gieplaced. “The same under institat i Since when hive the people of the United tes been deprived of the tral’ by jary im any ral for poline ti © Aad Was not every al- exec mio lin ists, whether in Eogland or Irclond, from Jobn Matche ll to poor Chartist Cuffey, Ceprived ot the reale xercine of that right?) The « F woe vied for sedition. He was a Cathohe hould have be haud he westredia ry U;.the man whe © and | the saviour ofhis w ace! © country of ih Uch empire, end by his otis ; a? on. Ia Catiey’a s we caretully arreang- with of ite the jury t fre cae at the old I the middle (district) el ed for the trial of » chartist tailor, sily,a rabb! And the chief justi tthe mockery ia robes o peer on the jury. assisted be all of the imiddle | demand « just J, also, Thomas nt , Wae the vetpal wit- cwtion with the police, Witoese Was ¢ Creewel, ' the trial of of he use of spies by | 4 rence, how we ke the governmentto © ablicly speak- t this is ' « . virvaally people being no te of the govern. sedition, esta ve b fore the to have forgot, or ; s country by | a d, has been @ erimi- ' t ih w, and Mr rht, and Mr. Thompron aed Mr ( ea, are, in my pinion, to be dregged before a eked tory ¥, and sent ervivme on ¢ » like John tehel, wwirds some congenial spot for conv lets The laws fort e10n OF AssOCcietion, e aid, end they sre more now s being m full foree and ing relaxed at the date of Ble far from t tl I hoe’s speech, they are more stringent a nescertain by the slightest ex. amination tees of errors he has consented, that 60 io Amenea At . is universal; io turn to this porter ver time I will re- Except the 1 under Sir Sot 8 tidienlous cavalry, Ning tot . | I believe the Royal Artillery rege, wah Prince Albert lately backed without : are the only volunteers in England. They wien the loyal middle class, also; but the eernnre° arma by friends is « terror to the whose police wear sabres on the ker bie, and whose army is enly not an it te employed in coercing the ¢ ta Eng. | land, the awful spectacle is presented of an “tae | 7s armed people and en armed goverament. Has Mr L. found that to be the case in fea would he advise its introduction? As to the ex. cruciating poverty and destitution of the masses io Englond and Ireland, provoked snd perpetuated by laws of iron, and staring, with the eyes of the drowned, into the face of ‘every stranger all over | the land, does Mr. L. brand | reproach? In fine, does he really think that there ‘was eny truth in his aseurance to the aristocrats of the dinner porty, that the kindest feelings, and none | Other, exist in the United States towards England: | and does he yet imagine that his great errand | abroad 12 to perpetuate that love ly harmony? | Ii would seem to be even so; for Mr. L. is ready America, or t ountry with that | ig dignity o! events. whieh, he the hoi brave longer to be apprehended men. 1 friends, itself. hand otbers, t and Nurs is waye— Hie, in the State of the Bae | apm by | edn bly, have The knylish and bre Darda compe pger hesitetr greatly fairs, Ww have hed the to which it belongs. gaving et trageoy, and every eye tew brut trel mebte emagrment ond indign that the ' they we The condescendi ardor of Mr. L beyond” ns say that the he continent; | the country fable Tr. Lecarion or THE Unirep Srares. Constantinop.e, Nov. 9, 1819. Messrs. W. M. Corry, G. W. Barnet, J. L. Arne strong, A. A. Moss and others, Paris. GentLemen—The late minister resident, D. S. | Carr, previous to his departure for the United who would, States, had received your letter of the 22d of Sept, and sent the duplicate of it to Count Audras Hungarian gentlemen who represented his country here during the late struggle for independence. 1 have now the honor to enclose you a copy of the reply which he addressed to me as Charge de At- fairs ad intervm. You will doubtless have learned, ere this, that the Emperors of Russia and Austria have aban- dened their original demand for the delivery to jhem, by the Sultan, of the Poles and Hungarians at Widain, and that they require simply the execu- ton of existing treaties, which require that the former be sent out of this country, awd the latter be removed from the Austrian frontier. believe, can be aceeded to without derogation to Tae delivery up of the uniortunate Men 18 not, therefore, any It is understood here France offers the Poles aa asylum, and pecu- edy, Which is higaly honorable la the English ambassador, noing, and the French minister, * | General Aupick, these unfortunate persons have | found warm triends and sympathizers. ‘The young Sultan weil merits the flattering ex- ion of admiration which you have been pleased to make respecting his conduct in behalf of the He took a firm resolve, and determined to seve them, even at the risk of a war with two of the greatest powers of Europe; and, indeed, eapressed bimselt as willing to risk all consequences, to save the lives of these heroic timay add, that he did this against the opin- Many of bis ministers, o ent excellent grand vizier, Rech The Suitan has been nobly sustained by his vizier, and this latter, also, memts the com- geod mun for the generous vr ot the Sultan. Sur Suattord Tefugees at Widdin. mendation of ever course pursued by hun You will, L presume, have read the letter of M. Imerston, of the 20th of Sep- tember, in whiel he asserts that the Porte sent a pecial courier to offer the refugees Islamism as an alternative to being delivered up to their enemies. ‘This assertion 1s a most lamentable error; and | take oceesion, by the present letter, to refute i ‘Lhe generous and truly magnanimous conduct of the Sulian, however, is a suflicient refutation in For their sakes—for the sake of humaaity, and 10 maintain whatis most sacred among ail hospitality—to have bearded two of the most powertul governments of Europe, and to have supported some five thousand persons at Widdin, at no smal! expense, certainly | undeceive the world, and correct the misappre+ he not M. Kossuth. From my position here, ond Continual umtercourse With the officers of the Porte—most of whom know my owa and all my countrymen’s warm sympathy forthe Hungarian assure you that no such refugees as that I believe, Kossuth to Lord F Mussulmen—the caure—I can ve d by M veal » hos the tien is over, and the matter remuins to be agreed upon many of there brave men wall fied their way to oor own prosperous aud happy country, where, L om sure, they will all hud friends as generous faithful as the ‘There are of supy epploy ment: whic irene, (Signed.) terto Mr Brown, dated, » tinople “Lam charg to exprese my triets ot f ex esteem of be Ameri chy the Rossta and A the rendition of the wers w Xeeutie nd the ‘ompter. Petor ! satel was offered the Koseuli—stated under, ¢ misapprehension. 1 Munster ot Foreign Afiairs here give positive and format demial. wicle conduct of the Sultan and his ministry has been based upon feelings of generosity and entire dismterestedness. T beheve M Kossut explain the Cause of the erroueous impression into which le was led, wad thus do justice to the noble hewied end mognanunous young Sultan, whose ope his preserved Kossuth, Bem and an bene Vicums to tre Wrath of Austria from now filling igaomiat though honored gravee, in the soil of ill-fated Haa- ven that M of repablican fe This, 1 om econtid: The Kussw relaheons wi ccept assurances of the with which U have the covatrymen and obedient servant, Joun P. Brown, of Ohio. Extract (tranelated) trom Count{A adrassis’s, let. Sih ot Novevember, 1549, y, a8 mueh as te et men »bad taken ‘oly elter their overthrow at Arad, upoa the mnvi« tation of the government to make great sacrifices of the public interest and i his country—on festive occasions, at all ng chairman had spoken of Aspinwall’s railroad, and also of the ship canal, hoped, would give rise to no jealous feelings between the two nations. Observe the He goes “a whole bar’s length He replies by begging to nited States asked for no exclusive privileges in either of the schemes; they would ask to subscribe, &c.; they would ask Great Britain to help them, guaranty a mutuality of interest, &c ; the! asked vileges—not the down in stood in tion should we have! But n Beston, is a different sort of diplomatist. that large debating school, the House of Repre- sentatives, is disputing over Mr. Cobb and such a hack as Mr. Winthrop, will the Senate not replace Mr. L. by something better than the latter? [t would bea second Ciseppotatment not todo so. He has his court suit ma American Correspondence In Europe rela- tive to the Hungarian Refugees 1 hey. rites of heve that maoy of | countrymen are under ossuth and his friends King. he . The ¢ fiate arr usirian. Sultan, ny here quite destitute of all means nit, and cheerfully avail themselves of any Huugarians are ive aod laborious people, aud ept of any honorable serv pd willingness t d recommendation to the assistance of all ericens offers id i by all of them (his countrymen) siuerre thanks for the manitesta- tion ef sympathy whieh you and your worthy Paris beve shown towards us. Toe adition, agaist which you have an- y cilered all the means at your disposi but the gratitude whieh your noble ated in oor heart remy Panis, Cunimras Day, 1849, writer of } it Groner P. Marsh, H (Suecessor of Dabney 8. Carr), Minister at Constantinople, Dear Sin—Lo comtiouation of the correspondence already opened between us and your predecessor, with reference to the Hungarian refagees, we od dress you earnestly, as the responsible goardiin o the character and power as weil as the tate rests o the Kepublic of the Laited States, at C ‘That immense charge comes to y mented by the ery p the dee resident at and thousen elter with: American minister and Was wtented tobe the prélude of a { the master eprrits of the rebel- low destreetion of the remamwder Knew ‘hat it Wasa vielation of the Sultan's new Besides, theretore, an expression of our ton, We gave the opinios proceedings ct the Athes were as illegal reinhuman. We affirmed that the persons for no exclusive pri- ‘as there ever such a letting Ah! if Lord Palmerston L’s shoes, what a different exhidi- cotton lord, from of goverament in mt, is not the case. ence of a king, filled the place allot- renstitution of Huaugary, viz: that sent Director; and had the cause of his country prospered, would have, probably, contina- tl the selection of a itewd, that incase Englaad had aided the cause ot Hungary, a Saxe Covourg would, most proba- been the choiee of that country. ch fleets are stull in the Legation bas again Porte, and »: 8 of the ques- emeat of the suppose that Thave heard jor a living. wselves, will — respect hooor to be, gentlemen, the same, ong tous for the le m the cause of . maeeibie ts i the tis fe that any- thing cen give of a more hively satisfaction or oor eoletion, then the unanimity of the sentunents which the generous and free people of the United have shown towards us, from the be even to the unfortunate ending ot our struggle.” in those sad afihetion of all just men, seat mm thet capital and the country The whole world has been levelopement of the Hungarian m America @ upon the conduet of Our minister, as it approaches a catas- trophe not yet past, and still capable of amehora- tien. | On the 22d September, ourselves and other Americans, then dispersed, wrote a letter to Mr. Garr, in fa et the refugees end of their host, the Sult We spoke in the nome of all those fellow eit at home, who had so warmly declared their ade ration of Hongenan heroism and success; bat whom we also knew were ignorant of that treason. able reverse which had made fugitives of the cons Not satesfied with the purchase of Geor- ia demanded trom Turkey Paris, but now that tern Our tamilarit Tepeon pollucs mede us appreciate the danger; nd beng meer the spot, we felt hound, ia so urgent col mere humanity, to call for the active in { the refugees ‘were sacred on the neutral et und ot locens by every law, human i- yine;” by which we meant they ‘had all the rights of locomotion and protection preperly beloaging to man in Turkey, of WE country. We asserted se, Kossuth and h were had fog ina ‘u for republican government, a aving ee a place in history by the side of Washing- ton and the revoluuonary army, so that their res- cue was peculiarly a mater for an American minister. We purposely omitted any Tefereace (0 the pretended ‘luenit fol the other foreiga ministers in the same behalf, because we found that their head was the British represestative. Finally, we requested Mr, Carr to offer the polageos shelter oa board any of our Mediterranean ships; and that he shoul ure the Sultan of our admiration ef bis refusal, at any hazard, to surrender his guests orforteit his dignity; and assure him , on behalfof his country, that the United States would sustain him by force of arms if the manly act should involve him in hig aia i enemies—enemies, tevent, of all mankind. ine have received the reply of Mr, Brown, the ad interim Charge d’affaires, dated 9th ult., en- closing a copy of another made to hun by M. Aue drassi, a few days before. These papets are upon the records of the legation, and in your possession. ‘Their contents require immediate notice, addressed notto Mr. Brown, but to you as his princspai, which we respecttully Tequest you maturely to consider, and we presnme you will act with ener- gy and in the scope ef this communication, You will agree with us, that it is never too late for our foreign minister to take his stand indepenceut and it need be, adversely, to the diplomatic cory of any court, where he can thereby advance the honor and the princi, €- of the republic, tie vauce of mankind. i Mr. Brown does not tell us whether oe very specific requests were complie ot tan si § Mr. Curr received the letter, but went home shortly after, haviog handed the duplicate to M. Audrassi, the Hungarian representative. It does not appear whether our minister, at that time, or at any time, teader- ed the assistance indicated, to the refugee or whether he gave the Sultan any assurances ot sympathy andsupport. ‘There is the same obscuri- ty with reference, also, to Mr, Brown's proceed- ings. His letter does notclaim the credit of having done, or oflered 10 do, any specific service what- ever to any of the parues. It is, however, genes rally stated, by M. Audrassi, that Mr. Brown “had nothesiteted to tender him all the means at_ his disposition,” to prevent the extradition of Kos- suth and bis frends. That conduct, in 4 tenp rary officer of the United Stutes, was worthy of high praise; but what those means were, is left to conjecture. It seems that they only reached the case of extradition, which is but one form of the wrongs heaped upon the fugitives; and not that they were levelled against the very root of the whole outrage in Turkey against the mg is uu) ne terests of nations as well as of individuals, Mr. Brown says, “the crisis of the question is over, and the definite arrangement of the distte main to be agreed upoa.” “The Emperors of 1 tia and Austria have abandoned their original de- mand for the delivery to them, by the Sultan, of the Poles and Hungarians at Widdin, and they re quire, simply, the execution of existing treaties, which require that the former be sent out ot the country, and the latter be removed from the Aus- trian fronuer.”” Aud Mr. Brown thinks that such measures can be applied by the Sultan to ms ua- fortunate guests, consistently with his honor. He estimates their number at five thousand—describes them as, for the most part, very destitute, but ex- ceedingly worthy and industrious, and hopes they will fing their way to America and get employ- ment. But he suggests no mode by which the im- mense transit, from the Levant to New York, shall be made by hosts of haggard and brokea- hearted exiles. We trust, sir, that you do not share, these opinions, except the last. Not another one of them, mn our judgment, is correct. They should all reconsidered and rejected, for others, which will conform to truth and princidle, and which itis your duty, ws our representative, to make known instantly, by letter, to the Sultan and the diplo- matic corps. It is true, that our tleet can do no im- mediate service without the consent of the Sultan, which we were so hasty as take for granted.— It is alvo true, that by adopting the despotic ver- eiog of treaties, he has lost a golden opportuni- ty to win the esteem of the world; but if that adoption be against his will, and from a supposed egal necessity, even his last orders, which have reached us, concerning the retugees, may be re- vaked, by a new discussion of the bee pee of thore treaties, at your mstance, and on the part of the republic of the United States. We now distinctly propose that you should of- ficially present our argument against the validity end the application ot the treaties, to the Saltan and the diplomauc corps at Constantiaopie, unless you rhow us its unsoundoess. Mr. Brown thinks that we acquiesce in the legality of the demands (not the latest) of the allies, which he has stated, and that we will continue our endorsment of the Sultan im a letter written three moaths ago under totally diflerent circumstances. Oa the coutrary, we shall prove to you, the illegality of the Russian and Austrian pretensions, or suspend our admira- tien of the Sultan. On the 22d September, he had oflered his unlinmted protecuon to the refugees, if they bad been so many shipwreckes Hate precisely citizens of the United more than an offer—it " Turkish Pacha, refugees had crossed the fronti the Sultan had sutlered his diplomatic relations with the allies to terminate abraptly, and said he was resolved, for the safety of the fugitives, for the sake of the hospitalities of his religion, and for the preservation of his mghts as a neutral amoug the powers of the earth, to brave the hazard of an une- St and that offer was pressing iavitation it Widdin, before the nd ou that day qual war. By the last advices from Constantinople, to the end of lest month, we are informed that the Saltan has acquiesced in the horrible requisition of the Alhauce, that the Hungarian refugees shall be shat up in Turkish fortresses, during the pleasure ot the Alles, and to expel nearly all the Poles from bie country oni There is a wrangle, it is said, however, between the Czar and the Sultan, about the expulsion of the Poles who have turned Mussulmen, and it seems that the former requires a promise that Poles, of whatever date, and of all countrie: alter excluded trom Turkey. The Sultan hag re- fused to expel the converts, or to drive out any of these who carry Freneh or English passporis— whether he will let uv others hereafter, fo Mot cere tain. But the all-important point, agamsat which we lift up our voiwes, 18 that the Sul does con- sent toexpel all Poles lately conce in Hungary, who retain their Christian cha T,and that he also Consents to thrust into his wall-girt fortresses, Kossuth, end all the other Hupgarian officers aud soldiers, to droop ta Empriscoment, aad per- hi the hegerimg and deplorable death of it, reserved ouly for the vilest malefactore. More probably, however, the appl ge descent of the Alles. in the spring, will term their sufierings with their lives 1r 18 from this frighiful face of Turkish affurs, that we in astonishment. We modity, of course, the praise given to the Sultan for his early mag- meus conduct. He has not kept his word: he 48 not sacrificed enovgh to keep it. He has weakly abandoned the integrity of his own realm, ewerificed in vain, to his and their foes, the hom he invited into his preteetio: the latest and best opiuioas tnople, Alliance nd to destroy, and that immediately, the Turkish empire The drogging negotiation at Constantinopls, who-e slow Jevgrh has, for three mooth® past, harrowed up sy many hearts, has been prost-ated for the purpos of gaining the time for hostile invasion; aad th faltering host will probably be overtaken by th march of Croats and Tartars, and cease to exist We do not denounce the Sultan; we even pity hom, and m than ever do we desire not only not to detest hi t to come to hus wid; for we gran thet it required great courage and manhood ty breve, even fora hundred day*, Russia and Aus tr, flushed with wetery, with no resources bu bis own, the more than equivocal sopport of the ministers of England and France, and the acqui- escence of an American minister, but we owe it to ourselves and to our fellow cittzens, to signalize, and, if ble, correct the errors on whieh the Sultan yielded up both truth end justice to the demands of force. He end his edvisers place his concession on the ground of existing miternational 1 8 of extra. cion with Koss nd Austria, fo conceded thot by all general laws, human, divine aod pagan, be natron has the nght to trespass apon the tern. tory of another in quest of fugitives, no matter What the pretext ehave not lightly taken up and expressed our legal opinion upon the subject, end we adhere to the very wide terms ot our first letter, that “the persons of Kossuth and his friends were sacred on the neutral ground of Turkey, by every lew, human and divine.” Their case is, eo fur as the Sultan and the foreiga re_coneerned, that of a man drown- river It was and the right end duty of all present to save him, po matier who may be bis purswers, or what bis alleged offence. And itts the depth of mburmanity either to let him ercwn or to suspend bim with his chia just oot of Water, The Sulten cannot be held guiltless for havingchoven the latter alternative, and thus seri. feng to the demands of despots, thousands of valuable lives, im his own fortresses, and by the , exclusion neglect, what de- make at the bar of are ane > public opinion, worby of cbristendom and Islamism Let us examine the subterfuges of thie surrender, almost at diseretion treaties the Sultan ts enid to have freely made with Russia and Austria, are not before ue, but we have seen the pertument extracts; and it 18 not even necessary that we should be very accurate in our reco asit will directly appear that the treaties themselves are inapplicable. Without quoting from, or abstracting, these treaties, we claim that there are three answers applicable alike to the demands of both countries, respecting all classes of the refu- es. There is alsoa separate answer for Russia, in reference to the Poles alone. We to give them :— se I. The contract contained in the extradition treaties had long since lost its mutuality by the fwult of Russia and Austria themselves, and Tur- key had the legal right, at any time, ts an end tothem. Both Russia end Austria had refused to observe these treaty obligatio in several in- stances, as is affirmed and generally believed, and which no one has get pretended todeny. Turkey had claimed offenders against her laws, of those two powers, under their respective treaties, at diflerent periods, and her claim had been demed. They had, therefore, the legal right to eoforce the formance of the treaties, by war, if she had Been strong enough; or, as she was the weaker power of the three, she had equally the legal right to terminate the treaties themselves, by a similar refusal in her turn. It takes two parties to make or preserve a contract inviolate. | b Il. ‘The refugees were not criminals, ina legal sense. Itis the opinion of the mass of impartial men in all countries, and will be the clear sentence of posterity upon Russia and Ausiria, that taey offended against every law, as well as ag inst reason and religion, in their infamous aggression upon Hungary, which country was only in her consututional nght, in repelling by force the revo- lationary violence of spohators and enemies. It is not possible for the casuist to distinguish which of the invaders takes the precedence in the descend- ing scale of horror and turpitude. The act of Aus- tria bad all the gloomiest characteristies of the worst domestic tragedies; 1t was torture and mur- der on the very hearthstone, without justification, and almost without provocation, but with malice and deliberate premeditation. The act ot Rus- sia was a wanton attack upon strangers, in their own country, without any provocation whatever, volunteered, trom the wild beast’s thirst of blood, and the demoo’s fidelity to that part of human nature composed of the basest passions. Where the really guilty are so easily distingnished, 1t is easy to discover the innocent. The Hungarians acted in their sacred rights of self defence, and stand upon the even stronger law ot self-preserva- tion, They have been sinned against beyond the possibility of reparation, and they deserved no re- tribution such as the Alliance inflicted by the pri- son, the axe, and the seatloid, in such a way as to disgrace the age and race. It is utter nonsense, absurdity, and rly, to claim that the treaties of extradition, even if now subsisting and also binding upon Turkey, can have application to the refugees. iI, ‘The case of the refugees is not one eontem- plated by the treaties. That with Austria is un- dersiood to provide for the rendition or removal fiom herfrontier ; that with Nussia, for rendition or expulsion from Turkey of mur s, robbers, and so forth, and for individuals also guilty of trea- son; but not for whole armies—not tor 5,000 meo, or 15 000, as the refugees are differently estimated. Neither party would be bound to employ all its military forces to make arrests for another; nor to gorge all its strengholds with criminals in such extraordinary numbers. It was never supposed that any such demand would be made, either by Turkey upon Russia or Austria, or vice versa, or these treaties would not have been entered iato. No power would assume to be responsible for ano- ther to such an enormous extent. It exeeeds all reasonable or supposable international obligation. If any demand whether criminals shall get away with’ impumty by force of numbers, we re- ply that the moral question is open, and oth parties may give it the legal sanction of a new contract, when the case arises. But it is undeniable that 5,000 murderers could not have been contemplated by an ordinary extra- dition treaty, nor the same number of robbers; nor could, by parity of admission, the same num- ber of rebels It 18 clear, that if such large num- bers of offenders escape into either country, the other is net bound to deliver them up. This will immediately appear by reversing the circumstances. If Turkey had not been already unsuccessful in her reclamatons of criminals made upon a smaller scale, there is no doubt in the mind ot =, man ag to the reception of her petitions under the treaty now relied upon, for either Kussia or Austria to charge themselves with the rendition of five thousand implicated Mussulmen. It would be rejected with scorn and ridicule, unless, devd, it offered to those sanguinary powers ucwonted Gutorion in the extent of the car- nage, or by ‘he wholesale extermmation of rejublicans. In such a dilemma, no treaty would be necessary ; but it is certain none pheable to uny similar traasactiop. Be- is argume: converso, the game question may be perhaps better presented to an rican minister by the argument ad patriam. There is vn extradition treaty between the United States and England, of the same nature as under diveussion. If Ireland should revolt, wad, with or without the aid of a forei » should be crushed in the struggle with ties riush govern- ment, after five thousand ts had safely crossed the Atlantic, does man presume to say—does any American, in ut of office, for a moment suppose that tie le of the United States would allow these fugitives to be given vp by virtue of a conven! applicable to soli- tary criminals only, in spirit as well ag lever; or, that the cers of the federal government would be go ignorant of law and dead tonight, as to dream of ising the demand? There con be but one answer to the question. It would be in the megative, and unanimous and spontantous, 80 as Ame 18 concerned; and you have but to reverse its tegms to insure an iden- teal reply trom England It is, indeed, oaly doing superfluous valence to civilized countries, to sup- pore that relate in the Christian ara any such con- troversy conld commence, mach more live beyoad the heatvof the moment. He must be a Russian or an Austrian despot, who ean summon the coa- rage t@ stand before the world, and demand for the sgnominy of the seatiold, and for Siberian exe He, 6,000 men, eithe? in the flower or the fruit of their ee heads and the ornaments of thou- sinde of housebolds, in each of which cluster help. less women andianocent children. Dors itneed, by way of aggravation of this gigantic crime in your eyes, that an American Minister should be the moral and intellectual ally of the prostrate hosts upon whom itis sought to be consummated, and that against the savage perpetrators he should be, by his very instincts, arrayed in the attitude of de- testation and contemptt They were the batehers of Sylle, were they not 1 whd, by his order, 10 the first periods ef Roman decline, almost two thou- send years ago, and before mankind were men, and when the world was in its infancy—one haa- dred years before that & ur whose birthday, t, we are keeping proper spirit—slaugh- tered six or eight thou seo mye while he aded the Senate, hands beh. him, ea- the spectacle! The successful attempt to perpetrate this gratuitous murder in cold blood, upon a scale less large, by Nicholas aad Joseph, without the damnation of their other ermes, had been, however, in old Europe of the nineteenth century, the greater abomination. If the heroes ot Hunger in battle, lence tn imperal faith afterwards, the number of their virtues had been tentoid, and their fate the same. IV. But there is a special, and, if possible, more reproachful answer to the demand ot Russia tor the extradition of the Polieh refagees. ne treaty with Turkey ooly bowed her, ia any event, to deliver up those who committed ernmes , and against Russia; and the co-relative Kassia towards Tarkey was the . a> crimes were not committed in Rossa et all, bat in Austria; and so were crmes against and pot against Russia, ot phedy denies this statement, and it i " ‘dwell upon its consequences. It cruel mockery to invoke any treaty whatever. The fraudolent intention is almost too base for the net it qualities to be called hypocrisy. [tis mere trifling to say that the Poles were subjects, and had no business in any port of the wore fighting Jn Opposing ranks where Russian audacity had the trude the wars, foreign or vil, of d flerent nations. Suppose that the auto- bad also his extradition treaty with America, Englend. Suppose that he came out of his jown upon Canada next yi and in me of order crushed her for reb-iling against ¢ mother country, driving before him into the United States thousands of lant Polish race whieh hes the immortal honor of having brought the Jowrel into every chime of its adoption, even when the funeral cy prees had undisputed possession of its own w much would his extradition trewty him with that free people and its vernment? To ask the question is to answer it; op uch is the position of Russia ia regard to the Polth refugees. We pave ventured to present this argument at rome length, but we rely greatly on your own re- to make it mach ifore conclusive, as wellas +e it on the Sultan and the diplomatic o Ay Ay an a letter with a way. re; to several im- portent observations in the letter of Mr. Brown, hot ye: diweussed. It requires no explicit declaration from us, to the fleet that we do not believe with Mr. Brown the denger of the refugees trom extradition to be over. On the contrary, we think that they are etll ia rome danger even of that fate We hope that no Amenecen minister, with an education which con fers as well clearness of mind as firmness of pur- pore, will allow himerlf to be imposed on by pro- feesions from the Alliance of good intentions, nor bee courage to aoe pote wae into the een oerton to their w i, i persist in demanding the refugees, or meltreatiog their protector. ae minister, to whom deter, but he has superiority in other re- ets ; and is enti ither in negotiation or ac- thal contestfor the prapervation of Kossuth and his friends, to priority the representative of any monarel oli whatever. Their cause, fallen thong it be, e successful cause of his country ; and the followers of the ex- amples of her re of 1776. It is evident, on the other hand, ir Stratford Canning, by and of his education as a r plead fornor defend re- the zeal of an American the British minister in ry ominous antecedents. ion of the Czar into ‘allachia and Molda’ ted by hatred of ich as by rapacity, fae torce of all his re! diplomatist, cannot bels and republicans minister. Besides Turkish affairs has so It was during the first the Sultan’s provinces whither the former had pore overnment, a8 . Canning en; d the attention of Court of Constantinople, a trifling pretension as to the legal competency @f an English witness in a case between Turks. as much owing to this embarrassment that the provinces became Russian protectorates, and soon be, like Turkey herself, astgaal parts of that empire. We also distrust the ambiguous acts of the minister in respect of the movements of the danelies, and the fleet from its moot rture of the French in the bay of Smyrna, for home. But, f all, we distrust the bad adviser, who ir ts, by his counsels, the Turks from rely’ wholly on themselves in the impending s1 preaching peace when upon the least warlike tercedes, at the insta to prevent the pursuit course by which the ford Canning seems to friendly to Turkey ; fectly still, while her choosing their propiti We regret deeply that and the Sultan should put faith, at a mome: le with the Alliance, by re is no peace, and who, ‘ Turkey, in- t the Russian minister, he only wise and resolute tan can escape. Sir Strat- to be acting the part least he is holding her per- jous enemies are just time for her destruction. h the American minister blind to the danger, and 7 0 Important, in one of its most mischievous au’ It we could enter fully into this diplomatic s t, nothing would be more grateful to our feelings g but in this form of com- munication, it 1s very cult, and any other form is impossible. We trugt, sir, that you will at least put the Sultan upon inguiry, and inspire his heart with energy and hope. If the latest news from St. Petersburgh, of a ted commercial treaty be- tween England ussia, do not arouse suspi- cion, and arm the ik with resolution to depend upon hinself and hig subjects, thea he and they are lost indeed. ~Theirftour has come. We are very much obliged to Mr. Brown, forhis defence of the Sultam from the charge of endeavor- ing to apostatize th and his companions We subectibe almost lly to his explanation of the letter to Lord erston, dated 20th September last. That let rom Kossuth was written proba- bly upon insu} tevidence. It attributes to the Sultan a delil te requisition, that the refugees must choose between extradition aad Islamism. No doubt such @ dilemma was presented by zea- lous frends, or secret toes. he refugees were told that 1t might be out of the power of the Sultan to withhold , if they did not embrace his pro- fession of f and this statement prebably came from influence, but we do not yet be- lieve from the Sultan himself. He and his cabinet. altogether aim the charge, and it has not been reiterated by the authors, than whom none will be more eager to establish, hereafter, the truth of his tory. With ct to another important topic treated by our ndent, we are not of his opinion. It is one, unfortunately, which must be revealed in its true t by time and events. Our letter as- serted that Kossuth and his friends fell in a strug- gle publicon independence. Perhaps that strong bias of the American mind, which cannoteonceive of political reforms at thisadvanced period of the world, in any other sense, may have constrained usa little in favor of the jan statesman. But we think not. He had al declared his personal convictions to be that form of government. He was the leader the radicals im the Diet, before the rebellion. oposed and sed vital reforms ia the tenure of toga and political rights, altogether inconsis- tent with feudalism and its privileges. He con- templated end advocated the equality of the people Wefore the law; and he avowed the fundamental principles, fatal to all aristocracy whatever, of universal suflrage and universal eligibility to of- fice. If it was not him, it was that party from which oping Gas presidency which he exercised so ably tor the general good, that proposed the formal declaraticn, at Debrecsin, of the republic— a Lae sxrreapad which was, unhappily, not consum- mated, out ot tenderness for those opponents whose ranke, at the last dark hour, furnished the parricide who stabbed his country to the heart. ocitizen of the United States, moreover, ¢: misunderstand that a people freed by their ow: fightong will afterwards do their own voting. Embarked in a revolution requiring unanimit; a oe sentiment, we are aware that Kossutl had to consutt ail opinions, and to defer sometimes to the wishes of the less enlightened but leading classes. His countrymen were feudal in their i- stitutions, and military im their habits—ne had to act accordingly. Not surrounded, like Washing- ton, by me id institutions almost radically de- he still yi to the example and counsels her of his Country,” and hoped, ult- mately, to obtain the same glorious result. But Kossuth may have yielded too much to the wishes ol others; indeed, he made a mistake in the se- lection of lis friends, for it 18 ce: that he re- lied upon the aid ot England to such ree, that he could not openly depart from he: ical e ample. He therefore made promioeat, in his agen the usurpations of the Hapsburgs upon the royal constitution of Hungary; and cluag always to the _ right or defending that instrument, mst of appealing at once to fundamental principles. This was done so as not to offend his English friends, the supporters of 8o- called constitutional monarchy, tte may have heen willing to accept, for the moment, in con- sideration of British aid, even a Dutch prince for king of Hear. The result proves that any reliance upon England unwise. Her government is too weak and racted to be able to offer assistance to rebels fighting for constitutions, or anything else, so that the alleged transaction must have come to nothing, even if the cause had been successful. The success would have been achieved without Britieh aid, and per- haps in sprite of ut; for if the struggle had tong continued, England had been seen in the field at the side of Austria, 4s she is this moment showing her femilier face in the cabinet at the side of the Autocrat of Ru She, however, allowed Hua- gary to be sacrificed by toreign force, without a word, when her protest would have been decisive; and she is now not only willing, but preparing to sacrifice Turkey also. It is to be regretted that Kossuth did not tura his eyes to America instead of England, for however slow the federal govern- ment may be to depart from the ancieat policy of Washington’s farewell address, the people of the United States would have come torward to the aid of progress and liberty, for which the Hungarians £0 Valinntly fought and fell, by the hand of treasoa more than of superior strength ~=Notw:thstandt thee last reflections, it is apparent, from Kossuth’s conduct and his convictions, taken altogether, that his wish would have been a republic, and, if not im- mediately, ultimately a democratic republic; thatis the logical sequel of his acts, and it is the impress of is character. he be blamed for departing from ngid principle, and uniting, even with its enemies, for the sake of the great object, which was self— government, we require that he shail have the be- nefit of his diffieult position. It must be remem- bered that Jefferson himself, after our indepe! dence wasestablished, being in France, advised compromise between the republicans and royalisis, by which the King was to and the people to wecept, a very limited charter of riyhts.* No American—no man doubts the republicanism of Jefierson, although he inte between the King and the people of France, adhering to a royal charter in place of a republican constitution. He acquiesced in circumstances—Kossuth did no more, in our opinion. _ Your prompt decided interference for the liberotion of the refugees in forts to send them all to their wa be hailed throughout the Union So a wil ‘ive you & most eminent it ing alfover the world. sie Your fellow citizens, W. M. Corry, —_ J. D. Howry. “See volume 2, page 472 Jefferson's correspondence, where the ebarter of France, to be granted by Louls re ARR are and with a letter of recommendation to M. 8t. Etienne, Beene in the French Legislative Assembly, Sirtise or Wenseapay. Dre. 28, ae De rim, Sen., the President, teok the chair at heif- one, | : * een, The next order of the day was the third deliberation . Fouquier 4a” 1 tending electoral cirens 5 Jecai influences, and would thus nullify uviversal sut- Ife real bonert vote was desired, there ought to jace, wamely, the chiet tern of each By that means only could the of electors be arcerias er t to be given to the electors for M. Miot areended the tribuese, and commenced C iteyen democrats (loud interruption) —| theaght that it wae suitable to divide the \erembly foto two parts (No, no. and renewed foterruption.) M. Dessov—Who ie the monsieur’ What lang ta, he ures! ihiiead Lert He ie ngt « royalist The Paxsinest—if the language of the momber now fn the trtlvane fo wapecilomentery, ho cannes thes Vide the Assembly into seotlons ia < boures. jaces, no matt tance, singing the “ Marariliaise’ [applause on the Left). rey ntative then to ask why the burdens ef the people were not taken a! Vea he asked, oe a ing their voting places’ But th semnbl did not understand spintor [leud interruption om the Right), ‘Tbe Parsipext—I must again remind the honorable, member that this style of speaki together ob- sation ye capo “| attack & large portion of M Mior--I have a right to express my opinion rela- tive to my colleagues. | am quite in order, and shall, Pathe Pursinent—I am obliged to call you, M. Miot, the second time to order [loud exclamations on the eft). Mt Mior—1 maintain that | have aright to affirm thate portion of this Asse in way comprehend the republic ‘he Parsipent— Since yo ne colleagues, after the ve received, | am obliged to apply to you the censure, with mention of the fact in proces verbal, (Great agi- tation.) Andas the regulations declare that the As- senibly must, in euch cases, decide whether the offend- ing party eught not to be prevented from continuing, I consult the house on that poiut. The Assembly decided by 4 large majority that the- permission to speak should be taken away from the ho- norable member, bas Paesipent—You now have no longer leave to speuk. M. Miot—I continue, however (noise, erles of “ oh; ob!” “support the President ’*) The Puesivenr—No. sir; the regulations are formal om the point. [Exciamations on the Left J M. Mior—But if | choose to go on, what can you do? [Great uproar } M sthe President, seemed to recol- be himself, and after some hesitation slowly left the ribune. Great agitation succeeded, and the sitting was sus- pended for ten micutes he fact of a sure being. pronounced against \i Miot, has the effect of depri- ving him of one half of bis indewuity for the space of 4 month M. Baroche replaced W Dupin in the chair, M. Va.erre spoke iv favor of the bill The general discussion was declared to be closed. Insurrection tn Servia, The electric telegraphic message, published in the New York Herald of Monday, is fully con- firmed, as will be seen by the following extracte from the Vienna correspondence of the London News, of the 20th imstant:— ‘The courier who came in list night from Semlux brought intelligence which has thrown the govern- mpnt into great agttation. A rebellion on the most formidable scale has broken out umong the Ser- vians. Syrmia, Slavonia, aud tae military boun- daries are up in arms aguivst the Austrian govern- ment. The Slavonian @nd Servian boundry-regi~ ments haye revolted, and raised the cordon of the Turkish frontier, so that (heir rear is fully secured, From the brethren of their race in Turkey they are assured beforehand of ali support—a_eireumstance which will complicate the reiations already sufhi- ciently éprneuses between Austria and the Porte. The boundary-regiments, waich have revolted, are among the bravest and hardiest soldiers in the Aus- trian service. The ground of their rising is resis- tance to the decree of Nov. 18, organising the woiwodeshaft. The chief movement is ia the Syr- mian, Peterwardein, and Tehaikist militar ie. triets, which are exasperated at being excluded from the woiwodeshatt. 1 beg particula ly to cali your attention to the cir- cumstances of the cordons being raised as @ most important feature ip this insurrection, as all these Hlungarian and Polish refugees who have the means of escaping trom the custody ot the Porte will be thus able, without difficulty, to join the Servian insurgents. The military force alone of the rebels is esti- mated at 120,000 men, with 110 cangon; and if they are joined by the Croats, which appears bigh- ly probable, they will pave 200,000 men, with f05 cannon. The numbers of the insurgents are daily swelled by deserters from the Austrian regi- as in Peterwardein, Po we. le ere appears in the Rerchszedung, a letter of the 10th from Belgrade, which has tested. much sensation. The contersicns of numerous deser- hons aud great discontent give room to tae public to surmise how much worse the real state-of af- fairs must be. This letter is 80 remarkable, that I shall give it in full :-— Betcuaps, Dec. 10, 184% Inthe military boundaries of Syrmiw and the Banat great excitement prevails because these are excluded from the Woiwodeschaft. cxcesses are of nearly daily occurrence in the regimeat ef Pe- terwardein. (*Kegimeat” here means “military district.”) Pity that the new organization (of the military boundaries) could uot be published in the Jower countries at the s.ime ime with the i al patent of November 18, (for the Woiwodeschaft,) all ground for agitation would have been stopped. The revolution, which during the last year hae shaken all, has not been without an important reaction on the boundaries. Discipliae has, without doubted, sutlered; the cordons are not qr wih the former strictness, nor the fively eympathies to be denied whieh prevail between the Serviaus ou both banks of the Save. The derertions from Austria to Servia are certainly very considerable. Let us hope that these sympathies will, at some tuture period, extend the cones, and the power of Austria. That the Servians are not couteat with the arrangement of the Woiwodeschalt is plun. The opponeats of this measure, among whom is to be reckoned the Russian consul at Belgrade, Lewkin, say that all the Servians have won upon the map of Austria is the ttle (of Woiwodeschalt), That the feeling of nationality should be vehement and ungrateful, be busied ouly about itseli, aud know no other re- spect, has nothing surprising.” When you consider that this communication comes from 4 quarter in the immediate contidence and pay of the government, whose task it 19 to glaze and varnich all nushaps, that they may pre« sent the least alarming face, you will readily be- lieve that no trifle lies beneaih. I am givea, ia fact, to understand the government possesses despatches trom b ude, three days later than the above date, which ¢ ews of great im- portance—possivly the same which | have stated at the commene ut of this lewer, The impu- tation thrown t against the Russian consal, Lewkin, is very important. He is virtually ac- cused of forne ntog the discontent of the Servians. Lewkin, a hitle hump-backed man, of mach shrewdness and talent, was formerly cousul at Christiania; he bas # brother, general of engineers inthe Russian army. The Austrian goverament will doubtless attempt to get him removed. This is highly characteristic of the policy of Russia to jast A government with which she is 1n strict alliance. The movemeut has been somewhat prematare ; and this circumstance may possibly enable the Austrian arms to sucered in crashing it before other places are ripe tor promoung a diversion. The Servians are not, it fic', a poliue peoples they are rude and headlong, but they will take a great deal of beating before they give out. Meanwhile the loyal disposition of the Croats at the present moment is deubitul in the extrem If they join the Servian outbreak, the insure my will be doubled. Jelinchien is stillin Vieana. The pre- tence upon which he remois 18, that he may be consulted by the ministry ia the organization oF the Kroniand, which consists of Croatia, Slavoaia, aud Dalmatia. Probably he bas nothing sattsiactory to tell the Banalrat and peopie at Agram. There, much irritation exists against him, because they fancy him the humble servant of the court. Lhave no doubt that this will one day be fowad an ili. founded suspicion. Jeliachich is too discerning « Man not to see that the present government is so rash, violent, weak, unstable and frendiess, that its endur, for another year is next to impossi- ble. It no fooung whatever in the count the Schwarzenburg ministry is hated by Most oppostie parties. | have no doubt that Jel lachich, when he sees the hour of the cabinet's dis solution unmistakeably nigh at haud,willannounee to his countrymen thet he hasbeen unable t ure ed to aad nine for them the rights they were justly entith were promised, and then tender the resignation of his Bansinp. If the Croats revolt en masse, it is not y, to wee What card remains for the Ban bat to himself at the head of the movement. That will use all his intluence to retard such an event, is beyond doubt, Lut causes are in operation te~ bring it about which are beyond his coutroh [From the Bresian Gasette } The latest secounts trom Servia mention that the Russian agitation is growing daily more ope. and daring, and that the incredible activity of the agente ot that power leads to the conclusion thet sapguinary entanglements will speedily break out between Russia vod Turkey. The Prince of Ser via hae alreedy refused to pay the tribute due to- the Porte, of 34,000 ducets, and the arming of all male adults is being evrried on with the greatest porsible activity, without ony one knowing where the arms come from. It is not to be doubted, how ever, that Russi provides the arma, for the Ser- viens received in 1848 ceveral cannons and 10,000 muskets from Russa, when they were hurrying to the asststence of their brethren in the Banat. This is a most dangerous weapon for the Russi poliey to employ, for while it 1s inarious to the Porte, itis atthe same time most dangerous to Avetria, asthe latter will very soon find, im the evowing increase of the influence of Servia in. Hangary.