The New York Herald Newspaper, April 8, 1849, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. NO. 5420. Interesting and Important Particulars from Col, Fremont, and Later from Santa Fe. The latest intelligence trom Colonel Fremont and his party will be looked for with great interest, He has proceeded on his way to California, as will be seen from the following : i the St. Louis, Mo.. Republican, March 29.) In the Santa Fe Republican, of the 2d ult., which we received by mail yesterday, from the West, we find a few items of news, in addition to the in- teresting article published a day or two since, in relation to Colonel Fremont’s disaster. News of the election of General Taylor to the Presidency was received at Santa Fe, on the 25th A ae by way of Chihuahua. . Major Beall, in command of the dragoon force in New Mexico, arrived at Santa Fe on the 25th of January, from Taos, after haying made an arduous and successful excursion against the Indians. The ostensible object of this expedition was to protect Mr. Aubry’s train of wagons from rumored attacks of the Andie; but as his services were not needed in this caj ity he turned his attention to the enemy. the left Taos on the 23d of Decewber, with a detachment of forty-eight men of company I, and plunged into the Taos mountains, then covered with snow from eight to twenty feet deep, without a road to follow, of a mark to direct his course, save the snow-clad peaks of the moun- tains. For three days they toiled on, clearing away the snow to the depth of ten feet, before they could kindle their cheerless fire. At the end of six daysthey reached Mr. Aubry’s train, and found it perfectly safe, not having been molested by, the Indians. | * Major Beall then roceeded to the valley of “Green Horn,” in order to obtain forage for his horses, and thence he preceded on his return to Taos, by the way of the Guajatoya mountains,— This route proved even worse than the ‘Taos chain, the command having to struggle through snow. from twenty to thirty feet deep, for a distance of ten or fifteen miles. On the evening of the eighth of January, he struck a fresh trail ay Indians, and pursuit was made. In a short time a party of Apa- ches, well mounted, were overtaken, entering one of their villages. Here he held a talk with them, as well as with a noted Eutaw chief, the result oJ which was an ‘agreement to a treaty of peace, and « as.an evidence of their sincerity, they gave up all the stolen property in their possession. It was af- ter his return from this excursion, that Major Beall despatched the horses for the immediate relief of Colonel Fremont’s suffering party, together with thirty days’ provisions, and the best of mules for its conveyance to them. _As'this last, information was derived direct from Major Beall in Santa Fe, it leaves no room to question the general correct- ness of the news in regard to the unfortunate con- dition of the party under Colonel F, Colonel Washington hag instituted a strict ciyil police in Santa Fe, of which Charles H. Merritt ‘was appointed captain, and James Hunt, lieute- nant. The first officer gets nies the second $40, and the privates $% per month. ; i ‘The small pox had made its appearance in Santa e. {From the St. Louis (Mo.) Republican, March 80.) ne of our mercantile houses received by the last mail from the west, a letter from X. F. Aubry he White Cloud of the Indians), dated at Santa eon the Sth ult. Inthis letter, Mr. Aubry says— «Colonel Fremont will be here in a few days. He Jost all his mules (about one hundred in number, in the mountains—several of his men, and suc was the extreme destitution to which they were reduced, that they were compelled to eat the re- mains of two or three of the men of the party! I saw him in Taos last week, He said that he never would go aboutthe mountains in the winter season in; he was satisfied with trips of this kind— andsoamI. | | - : “An expedition left this place this morning for Arkaneas river, to take and bring in all the prisoners to be found with the Kiowa Indians. If the Indians refuse to cone with this request, the troops are ordered to make war upon them. The expedition consists of two companies of United States Dragoons, under command of Maj. Beall.” Mr, Aubry saved all his goods, but lost, by the severity of the winter, seventy-five mules, and had about the same number stolen from him by the Indians, inthe mountains. Sof Mr. J. W. Folger arrived in this city ypeeroy from Santa Fe. In company with Capt. St. Vrain, and others, he left that town on the 24th of Feb., but as Captain St. Vrain had charge of the letters and papers, and shipped on another boat, which has not arrived, we have not yet been able to avail ourselves ofthem. From Mr. Folger, however, we gather the information which féllows:—_ Col. Fremont, of whose disastrous expedition we have already given an imperfect, and_in some res pects, erroneous account, left Santa Fe on the 15th ult., on his way to California. Of the dreadful dis- aster which befel him in the mountains, we have this account. The published letters from Col. Fremont and his friends left him ascending a mountain and within fiye or six miles of the summit. But this elevation he never reached. A storm came up, which forced him to retreat, and to seek shelter in the valley below. Here, it is said. the snow drifted and accumulated to the depth of thirty or forty feet, and the party lost all their ani- mals, and were compelled to leave their entire out- fit, The snow covered the animals and every thing else from view, and Col. F. and his party were driven to seek safety on the sides of the mountain. In this emergency, Bill Williams, a hardy mountaineer, and two others, voluntered to seek succor from the nearest settlements; and it was arranged that they should return in twenty days. As they failed to do so, however, Col. Fre- mont, and one or two others, resolved upon at- tempting to reach Taos; and on the sixth day from from their leaving camp, they overtook Williams and one of his companions. The other, (Mr. King, of the district of Columbia,) was represented to have died of the exposure and of hunger; and in the extremity to which they were driven, the sur- yivors were forced to eat a part of his body. | Col. Freemont made his way to Taos, obtained aid, provieons, and horses, and then set out in eearch of his party. But more than one-third of his men had, ia the interval of his absence, died from exposure and hunger; and one or two had given out, and were left to die when he came up with them. The number who thus perished is stated at eleven, of whom we have the names of only 3—Mr. Wise, of St. Louis county, and Mr. King and Mr. Preuse, ef the District of Columbia. Captain Cathcart, of the English army, was among the survivors. We shall receive to-day, most pro- bably, full accounts, and it is not necessary to go into further detail. Col. Fremont lost his whole outfit—his mules, instruments, baggage, and every thing elee of value. t On his arrival at Santa Pe, he was furnished with horses, by the Quartermaster, and with stores, by the Commissary of the Umted States; and, aher recruiting his party, he again set off for Cali- fornia, taking the route pursued by Col. Cook, in 1847. He and his party have suffered terribly in this expedition, and i will be a warning to others never to attempt such a journey in mid winter. Lieutenant Beall, United States Navy, was more fortunate than Colonel Freemont. He prose- cuted his journey to Santa Fe, and reached there without much difficulty. Mr. Folger left him at Socorro, on Cooke’s route to California, in excel- lent health, and quite sanguine of reaching his destination in ica days. We learn that L. F. Thurston, Esq., who has filled several offices under the American govern ment, in New Mexico, died in Santa Fe, during the winter. He was a native of Louisville, Ky. Fanrve on tre Piains.—Yesterday evening, we had the eatisfaetion of shaking the hand of Capt. Van Vieit, United States Army, direct from Fort Childs, at the head of Grand Island, on the Platte River. The Captain passed the winter at the Fort, and represents it as one of extraordinary se- verity. ‘The snow is said to have been deeper, and the cold more intense, than it has ever been known by the oldest Indians in that quarter. ‘The condi- tion of many of the tribes is represented as mise- rable in the extreme. Many of them are subsist- ing entirely upon their horses, and numbers of them have perished from famine. Some of the best mounted tribes, it is believed, will not be able to raise a respectable show of horses in the spring. The Captain came in with a small train, hut expe- rievced great difficulty in trayelling, from the depth of the snowand the condition of the streame. He left the Fort on the 28th of February, and only Jearned the election of President Taylor on his arrival at Fort Leavenworth. The winter has been 60 severe that all communication with the settlements was cut off.—St. Lows (Mo.) Repub- haan, March 80. ‘al Intelligence, ¢ free soil eandidate for Mayor of Albany, MM ‘Watte Sherman has declined the hanker nomination for Mayor of Albany Willis Green, James F, Bnekner and Archibald Dizon are the whig eandidates for Congress, in the 9d distriet of Tenneree Aylitt Buckner amd Littleton Beard, sre the whig eandidates for Congress in the Danville Airtriet of the same Btate, “Leke Eric is raid to be fairly open throngh {ts whote Tength ; but the large elaes of boats will not probably eemmenec running much before the fiset of May > Additional from the Gold Region. Another letter from Capt. Netcher, says the New Bedford Mercury, of the sixth instant, received here yesterday, dated San Francisco, Jan. 29, gives. the following favorable account from that Tegion :— ny ** [have cut my boat in two, which will cost me $1200 to put her in good order, and she will then carry twenty tons, and be worth $4,500. I expect to make $10,000 by her in the spring, in the freight- ing business on the Sacramento. Freight is $3 per hundred ; $9 for a barrel of beef; and passen- gers pay $12 for a passage, finding themselves, and sleeping on deck. The fare for passengers will advance to $20 in the spring, and I must ‘ make hay while the sun shines.’ . . . I am now pay- ing carpenters ten dollars a day for work upon my jJaunch, and were it not winter I could not get them for $50 a day. Ira Clay, a ‘ Kanaker,’ and an officient carpenter, is permanently engaged on bears the launch, at atrip. | ‘ “It is a bad place here—nothing to induce any one to stop, but gold and silver; but of these there is enough of both. When the steamers commence their trips I shall make remittances home as fast as { can; and I think I can get enough so as to re- turn home myself in one year from now .” “ Capt. Netcher formerly commanded the whaling ship Maine, of Fairhaven, which was wrecked in the Columbia river, in August, 1848. Ina previous letter he says :— A man goes to ‘the diggins,’ and digs from $2,000 to $5,000 a month.” Movements for California. FROM NEW YORK. 4 y .The bark Charles Devans, Capt. Bailey, sailed on the 6th inst., for Chagres, with the following passengers: Thomas Boon, William Davidson, James Baylies, Wil' liam Read, George Searl, Benj, Page, Sanaford Frouty, R. 8, Bradshaw, Chas. F. Flemming, Samuel R. Wil- liams, R. H. Walter, Mra, R. H. Walter, J. 8. Ander- son, J. A. Schyler, Chas. Whales, J. B. Brown, J. W. Valentine, Shults, A. Black, J. W. Richardson, B. Bingham, J. Yourke, B. Bingham, J. Adee, 8. C. Clark, T. Boorman, H. Prior, J. Lines, C. Elliott, Jr., J, Camp- bell, J. H. Sinclair, Mesers, Acker, Dr. Bonnell, Messrs, Buckingham and Cook, J. H. Keron, John Smith, Hirsch & White, John E. Larroston, D. Hoffer, W. R. Olden ; John 8, Ball, Treasurer ; Charles Van Winkle, Secre- tary ; Lyman R. Bailey, President ; Joseph Durand, Ca- leb Lacy, C. Ottenstall, F. Weld, J: H. Hunneman, MeC, Murray, D, W. Hunt, C. H. Terry—Total, 53. i MASSACHUSETTS, A The ship Areatus, Capt. Knowles, sailed from Boston on, the Sth inst., for San Francisco, with the following passengers : Merers. William H. Hat Welton, Benj. Ripley, Ed H. Wilson, Wm. H. Sawyei MeGerry, James P. Trask, Enoch Berry, Theodore 8, Lindsey, Noah H. Caswell, Jas. P. Nash, of New York; Chas Campbell, B. Gilbert, Exra Gilbert, Jas. Morgan, E. J. Werteott,Ira G. Finch, ‘Wallace, Geo. R. Wil- son, Robt. MeL . Tarbox, Lewis Proctor, Jas. C. Goodwin, Thos, C, Poor, B. Stetson, Thomas R. Rich- ardson, Andrew Conlin, Jas. A. Godfrey, M. 8, Beau, Danl. Plummer, Chas. 8. Lyons, Jona, West, Calvin J, Fors, Lyman Murray, Jas. M. Hiller, M. M. Blood, Jno. McGee, Ezra D. Smith, Chas. Beckwith, Jas. R. Bean, Comfort Searle, 8. N.' Holbrook, Hy. McNally, Elias Fisher, Jno. Billings, Albert C. Gay, Jno. H. Stanley, Jas, O, Draper, Hy. Day, Archibald Wangh, Charles Underhill, Geo. L. Smith, J. P. Donnovan, Sam’l. Hill: ‘ar, Hosea Booth, Franklin Hadley, Wm. Reed, Alvin ixby, Thos, Stewart, Chas, H. Sargeant, Merrill 8. Symonds, Nathl. Cheney, Paul Chesley, Simeon Chace, Jas, Hichman, John A. Whitney, G. L. Winslow, Otis 8. Smith, Levi Bigelow, Moses Gould, Otis Putney, John Campbell, Jr., €! Rumeay,C. 1H. Chapman, Joan Gardiner, Robert F, Crowell, W. H. Tourtelotte, Alonzo Hill, J.B. Dayis, E. 8. Colley, J.C. Townsend, Benj, Warren, J.-A. Fowle, Lewis T. Melloon, Eli W. Grover, Andrew Tompkins, Geo. A. Howe, George Drewry, Je- rome H. Bigelow, Leonard Dudley, Benj. 8. Smith, Horace Wilson, Jas, Leonard, Sidney C. Clark, William Hill, Saml. Gibson, Win. Murray, Geo. A. Hays, George W. Park, Thos. A. H. Jackson, Jos. W. Pratt, A. 8. Mellen, Wm, H. Rand, Ellis Willis, Samuel Garfield, Alfred Bailey, H., Hager, Haman Hunt, Jos, Hutchins, Jr., Franklin A. Wood, Goorge Willard, c " Joshi W. Woolley, Wm. J, ce, Robt. B. Hall, Wm, nos Nickerson, Derby w. Phi * Austin, Jas, H. Kingman, J.'H. Hartley, Richd.’ A. Sayles, Wm. Hyer, 8, 8. Bacon, Ezra} K. Hutchins, Goo, W. Harris, Wm, Chesly, Luther J. Phelps, Frederick Prince, W. W. Booke—Total, 137. OHIO. The Columbus State Sentinel, of the 2d inst., says :—Two companies of adventurers, of thirty in each, residents of Columbus and vicinity, have this day, taken leave of their fellow citizens, and started for the El Dorado of the Sacramento Val- ley. , The first Sompeny whose name has not been furnished, is composed of the following Rersons:— John Walton, President ; J. G. Canfield, Vice Prosi- dent ; Peter Decker, Secretary ;_G. Q. MoColm, Trea- surer ; 8. J. Price, H. Moores, G. Walton, and C. Brey- fogle, ‘Directors ;C. E. Boyle, Physician, The other members are :—D. Bryden, E. Barcus, Jr., F:. E. Can- field, G. Chadwick, W: Cain, A. B Crist, C. Dewitt, J. ; T. Davis, L. A. Denig, C.M. Fisk, J. Krumm, P. MeCommon, H. Ranney, T. Rugs, dD. . Stone, W. C. Stiles, C. D.Wood, L. H. The company has ten wagons and forty mules, and is well supplied with equipage, rovisions, an arms. | In organization, it is divided into five mes- ses, with one director in each. Leaving Colum- bus, they pass through Xenia to Cincinnati, thence by water to Independence, in Missouri, beyond which the articular route is not determined upon. The other band is called the “Franklin California Mining Compan Its officers are :— Joseph Hunter, Captain ; John Coulter, Lieutenant ; J. H. Marple, Secretary ; F. A. MeCormiek, Treasurer ; O. 8. Hunter, Quartermaster. The other members :—Chester F. Colton, J. Robey, Joseph W. Booth, ‘0. Woodward, Samuel Price, Matthew Williams, € a Alexander Robertson, John Spaythe, Y. R. Smith, John Uncles, Charles A. Robertson, John McCartney, J. K. Barr, R, J. Hunter, C. M. Shaw, C, Hl, Myers, Jacob Ar- mitage, Samuel Myers, A. M. Hunter, Jona. Bobo, An- dersom Cornwall, J, W. Coulter, Nicholas Demorest, 0. associated upon the joint stock principle, and are to remain in California eighteen - months, from May 1, prox. They carry provisions for that length of ume. Their train consists of eight new and strong wagons, and twenty-six yoke Seiten The route to be pursued is the same with that of the other company. . Case or Dr. Harpexsroox.—Yesterday morn- ing at the opening of the Court, Judge Selden gave his decision in regard to admitting Dr. Harden- brook to bail. The motion was made by the coun- sel for the accused, on the ground that he was ready for trial, and there was no reason why the District Attorney should not proceed with it at once ; that there was no important witness but could be procured during the progress of the trial. Judge Selden reviewed the law in. such cases at length, and held the opinion that it was entirely discretionary with the court to admit to bail or not, according to the circumstances. In the case be- fore them, an indictment was found at a late period of the present term of Oyer and Terminer, and no seed reason appeared why the trial should not be lelayed. None of the evidence on which the in- dictment was found, was legally before the court; and from the fact that the Grand Jury had found a bill, it would seem to raise the presumption that this was a case in which bail should not be allowed. The examination and vote of the Grand Jury, alleged by the prisoner’s counsel, and not denied by the District Attorney, to stand ten to twelve on finding bill, was not evidence, sufficient to be noticed by the court. It was intimated that after the indictment, arrest, and confinement of the rison ~. there could be no objection to making nown the evidence before the Grand Jury. Hen R. Selden, 5, one of the prisoner’s counsel, then asked permission to renew the motion for bail, founded upon the evidence taken before the olice magistrate, and_ the affidavits of the Grand Sorors, as to the additional evidence found, &e. The Court declined to hear the motion, and said it was a proper case to be heard by the Court in bank, and intimated that he should be in favor of entertaining a motion for bail, at a general term, founded upon the testimony that had appeared, affidavits of jurors, &c. ‘There was some discus- sion between S. Matthews, Esq., associated with the District Attorney on the part of the people, and the counrel for the prisoner, in regard to the pro- priety of producing the evidence taken before the Grand Jury, and showing their vote on the ques- tion of finding a bill. The Court, as before inti- mated, raid there was no good, reason, after the arrest and confinement of an individnal against whem a bill was found for keeping secret the ac- tien of the Grand Jury.—Rochester (N. ¥.) Amere- can, April 6. Hyvrornopta.—Several mad dogs appeared last week in the villages of Rancocus and tetown, Burlington County, N. J. A daughter of Doctor Woolman, aged 13, was bitten on Saturday, and has been rent to the residence of a female prac- titioner in Frankfort, near Philadelphia, for treat- ment. Several boys and horses were also bitten. A horre et Rancocns died during the week with hydrophobia. ‘The owner (says the Mount Lolly Mirror,) had been driving him during the day, and at night, a short time after putting him in the etable, he went back to feed him, and found him in the greatest agony. The strong manger to which he was tied Rad nearly bitten to Treeee, end ¢o violent were his paroxyems of rage and pain that in a ehort time he tore asunder his lower Jawe, eevering rome of the arteries, whieh eaused the blood to flow so profusely that death pat an end to his sefferings before moming.; ee | SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 8, 1849. Our Baston Correspondence. Bosron, March 26, 1849. Interesting about the Routes to Calsforma, @ver- land and by Sea. With much pleasure I give you all the informa- tion in my possession touching the reutes to Cali- fornia. I can give you no information as to the overland route through Mexico, At San Blas and Mazatlan I have been more than once.— They are both sickly—San Blas very much s0; and being places of no commereial impertance, you would, on your arrival there, be entirely de- pendent on the steamers coming up from Panama to take you away. The land route 1s entirely ou of the question. You would have to cross a desert ofsome extent, and subjeet yourself to robberies and violence on the way. If you succeeded in getting a Mexican coaster to take you up, and could make up your mind to put up with the filth and heat you must encounter in such a convey- ance, you would then have to work against a head wind, which blows down the coast ten months in the year; and with a current serie, in the same direction, it 1s quite impossible for a sailing vessel to make headway without stretching out to sea to as great a distance as from San Blas to San Francisco. It is about the last route that I should think of taking. , [have been in the bay of Panama a month ata time, and have crossed and re-crossed the isthmus, the:sickness of which has been much exaggerated. The ess oof the roads cannot be; but there are now at work, un- der the direction of the British Mail Steam Com- pany, two hundred men, and I have no doubt that in two months wheel vehicles will be able to run. Panama is conaidered as healthy a place as any on the Pacific coart. You possess all the lights that I do as to the actual existence of the cholera there. If it does exist, Ineed not advise as to the most prudent course to pursue. The climate is moist and hot, and it 1t gets a foothold there, it must prove very fatal. But, barring cholera, I think the trip across the Iethmus as eale, it not quite so comfortable, as from New York to Albany. 3 The trip from Panama to San Francisco in a steamer, would be speedy and agreeable; but in a sailing veseel the most tedious in the world, as the wind is hght, and what there 1s of it, al- ways ahead to vessels bound up. I have been og ity-nine days making the passage, in a fast sailing ship. The distance 1s 3,500 miles, and having to beat the entire way, you must sail, at the lowest calculation, 8,000 miles in getting to San Francisco. Vessels frequently make the passage from New York to Valparaiso in less time than from Valparaiso to San Francisco. | ‘The dangers of the Horn are in the imagination only. Intwo days’ sail from New York, with a fair wind, a good vessel would run into werm weather, and from thence to California, would hardly encounter as much bad weather as from here to New Orleans inthe winter season. The ‘warmest months at C: Horn are January, Feb- Tuary and March, but they are very stormy. The most favorable for going round or through the Straits are April, May and June. This is sn perience, corroborated by Blunt’s Coast Pilot, ahi is compiled from the most reliable autho- tities. In consequence ef westerly winds, and currents setting trom the Pacific to the Atlantic, a sailing eee] must stand to the south of Cape Horn, to about 8 or 10 degrees, te enable her to double it. The ave: e of a ship from New Yerk to San Franc’ by 1s spout six and a half months, aud where one falls short of that time, two would run over it, This season of the wea t you might reasonably calculate on fair winds near! ly the whole distance to Cape Horn, and thenee to within two or three degrees of Panama, and vessels sailing now would probably tall within the average. The Panama steamer I have seen, and consider it as safe a boat as there is afloat. She is remark- ably strong and well built, and in the accident she met with, which threw her upon her sea qualities altogether, proved that she was capable of taking eare of herself in all emergencies, and should not therefore deter you from going in her. The distance to San Francisco, via Straits of ellan, by steam, 18 14,700 miles. A good steamer, such as the Panama, with sails and steam, should average 260 miles per day, which would put her in San Francisco in 60 days, sup- posing that she ran th: without stopping ; but as she must stop for tuel at Rio, Valparaiso, and Panama, you might add 18 days detention at these pointe—6 days at each—making the sevage in 78 days. The California was 57 days to Panama, but it should be recollected that she passed the Horn in the most untavorable season of the year, and encountered head winds. tie ie in South America are well worth visiti ind the passage through the Straits of Magellan is both novel and interesting, and you avoid by it all of the bad weather of the dreaded Cape Horn. The worst weather you would enconnter in the whole vovage would be in the two days you are running off our coast. Hoping that your readers cad Shag by my experience, am yours, &c. Boston, April 1, 1849. Statistics of Ratlroads—The Legislature—Tital of Crafts— Messrs. Rantoul §& Custing. T enclose te you the report of the Committee on Railways and Canals for the past year. It in. cludes the special reports of all the railway com- panies to their respective shareholders, and much valuable statistical information concerning this reat branch of our State and national policy. ‘he appendix contains a digest of the different acts of the legislature creating these corporations, amount of capital, dc. dce.; the whole furnishing a more periect and satisfactory ‘‘ bird’s-eye” view of this subject than any document ever published in this State. It has been Pipbared with much labor by Mr. Wentworth, of the Senate, who is eminently entitled to the thanks of those whe are interested in railway investments. It 18 understood here that our Collector “walks the plank” on or about the first of May. Mr. Greely 18 said to stand number one for the succes- sion. Mr. Webster 18 to be District Attorney, thereby giving the “cold shoulder,” on the part of the administration, to his numerous and earnest rivals, whe long since have deemed the prise “their own.” Our legislature drags its slow length along, ac- hing nothing of public advantage. Ct late yeare all our legislative bodies have laeked an en- ergetic and commanding leader, who has svffi- cient intellectual qualifications and business train- ing (the essential qualities of a partiamenta Jeader) to press business through a popular branc! in ite proper time. This remark 1s applicable to other State Ieguslatuses as to our own. ‘The trial of Crafte, one of the owners of the ship Franklin, 18 to take place early the present month, and ses to develope the operations of the class of “* hard-pressed ” men, in cies of insur- ance. Much interest centres in the result of this cause. The story told by some of your New York con- temuparation that Howes: Rantoul & Cuzhing are intending to take up a residence in Minnesota, 1s without any foundation. ‘Worr 1n THe Forn.—Another of those flagitious affairs which brings so much unjust re epee religion, has recently occurred near Kome, neida county, N.Y. It appears, by the papers, that a Mrs. Woolcott, being, as she supposed, wpon her death bed, called her husband to her bedside and conieesed to him that she had long been criminally 1 te with “Elder Scofield, the pastor of a rian church in the vieinity, and a martied man, as well as @ minister of God. The husband ed the pr Ioan with the ersme, and he eonjeseed it. Si ently it ap- peared that (we unmarried ladies of ‘his co4 ga- be! ara eettione hier fi him. 1) a ey ble In ation, jut, Ing ove! en Tr. Weaken vo promieed wae “difieulty a for P 1s sai now in New Yo city, whither he sent his wife and family soon af- ter his seoundrelism was discovered —-Boston Mail, April 4. Sepeeeran Santa F se of emi col ee Et Smi Ven ren for ali fornia via Santa Fe, wal afed merchants and others desirous ot engaging in the Sa trade, goed opportunities o| lorwarding eods by this short ronte. In additien to ee detachment of troops are ly at is road, and it will soon be put in eapital Whea i is remembered ays for navigati as Fort Smith, and’ that the road from then bed Lda thie,a work on hi tobenta Fe may be travelled at any season of the ear, the advan' whieh this route possesses Ber the Missouri route must be plainly seen. Our faeihties are so swperior to eur Bt. Louie neigh- bors, that we ean soon have under our control the entire trade of New Mexico. What an opening ‘2 ois, yankee !—Listle Rosk, rk., Demoerat, ler TWO CENTS. Our Mexican Correspondence. Hore. px Panis, City of Mexico, lareh 1, 1849. The Overland Route via Vera Cruz-- Things to be Avoided-- Incidents, §c. Jdid not write to you at Vera Cruz, in conee- quence of not having anything very satisfactory to apprise you of, with reference either to your owa affairs or mine. Tarrived here last Tuesday with about sixty of our company; forty had seceded from us, in parties o! tenor twelve at the city of Jalapa, about sixty miles from Vera Cruz. I stayed with the company until our arrival here, and then declined to proceed any further with them. They left here the day before yesterday, tor Guadalaxara. The fact is, it is per- fectly preposterous to attempt to travel in this country with such a number together; parties of five, ten, or fifteen, and not more, are proper; if there are more, you can get no accommodations, and you have to pay extortionate prices for every- thing, that being the necessary result of the sudden demand for so large a number. We elected a committee of five to transact the business of the asacciation at Vera Cruz; aud our committee, though sensible, respectable men _in the United ‘States, turned out in the republic ef Mexico to be a Set of usses; they bought wagons (to be drawn by mules) for the transportation of our baggage, the Tegult being that the roads were not suitable for wagons, and after arriving at Jalapa, after incredi- ble exertions on the part of the men, the mules, the wagons, the jac! asses and the horses, the ns cc. had to be sold, involving a loss, alto- ether, of upwards of $2,000, besides losing a great al of time. Our baggage, from Jalapa to Mexico, was traus- patted ‘by contract with mule drivers (arrieros).— haye arrived at the conclusion that trom this city T can getto San Francisco much quicker, better and cheaper, than by travellmg with the company. Thave already spent upwards of $200, though the original estimate in New York was $127 to Ma- zatlan, and Mazatlan 1s 900 miles from here yet.— There is nod Goa this business; this is not the proper route t m Francisco, (unless every other route 18 as bad or worse,) at present. There is no cere ot a vessel at either Acapulco, San Blas or Mezatlan, and the reports in this city are, that there are hundreds of persons congregated at the various points on the Pacific, all waiting for ves- sels,and that there are none tobe had, and yet everybody 1s driving on towards San Blasand Ma- zatlan, and the news has arrived here this morning that a fresh cargo of several hundred passengers have just landed at Vera Cruz. The cost from here to Guadalaxara by diligence is $60, with the cer- tainty of being robbed on the road, because the diligence passengers are taken at a disadvantage; not like men on horseback, who are always pre- pera to fight. There are nodiligences after leaving uadalaxara; after that you must trust to your horse and your good luck. I and some five or six Frenchmen originally in the company, are waiting here for certain intelligence irom the Pacific be- fore we start; and if no other means offer, we will go all the way by land, through the Indian coun- try ; the chief riek is being (perhaps) tomahawked andecalped by the Camanches. However, I lay the “flattering unction to my soul,” that a man born to be hanged will never be scalped, &e. &c. This 1s a great city. It is something like Paris, but the houses not so high; the streets at right angles; every houge a castle of itself. I have been in the halls of the Montezumas, and was duly pre- sented to the American ambassador, gracisusly received, &c. &c. _In the company, two gents have been left be- hind, mck, and two gentlemen have been shot, by accident, neither of them dangerously. On the read, we fell in with a company of six men and five women, bound for California, all Americans, trem ‘New Orleans. One gent had a Mexican wife, who rode her horse astride, with breeches, &c. ; she carned pistols, and 18a dead shot—can snuff a candle at thirty paces. Another of the gents was courting a widow,one of their company, who had started for the gold rene and evinced, as | thought, conmderable pluck. They got mar- ried here in Mexico, two or three evenings since, and have proceeded with our company. The War Betwen Denmark and Germany. ’ Naw York, March 27, 1849. You stated in your valuable paper, about a fort- night ago, that a resident of this city, a native of Denmark, who himeelf was prevented trom going home in order to partake in the war, which proba- bly at present 18 renewed between the Danes and the Germans, had sent an Irishman in his place to Denmark, and for that purpose paid him 200. Your statement has called forth a great excite- ment among the Danish residents of New York, and every one doubts it, as much more as it is generally known, that several young Danes are willing to go to their native country for the pur- ee 0) Agari against the Germans, only if some- nll pay their paesage. Ifthe Dane who wt the $200 18 as greata patriot as he wishes to be considered, why did he not then send some of his own countrymen home in- stead of a hireling? But we doubt very much that the matter stands thus; and as there is to be found in the city of New York, more than one Dane who can afford to give $200 for the sake ot his old country, we respectfully request you to publieh the name of,the man in question. We remain, with great TWENTY-THREE OF Your DanisH pect, CRIBERS. Our Consvt at Buenos Ayres.—We see in the papers of the United States, of the 10th November, that Joseph Graham,Esq. has been appointed Unit- ed States Consul to Buenos Ayres, in the place of George J. Fairfield, Esq., deceased. Although Mr. Graham might have continued to act under hie former appointment until recalled, or until his successor was received, etill this appointment by President Polk, under the circumstances, must be gratifying to him and his friends. He was appoint- ed a short time before President Polk’s inaugura- tion, and had not arrived here before James Tate, Esq., of the snme political party of the President, ‘was named to supersede him. | Mr. Tate came out, but finding the port blockad- ed, did not eer 18 Commission or ly for an exequatur. Since then several other persons have been named, but all have declined coming toa blockaded port. Mr. (Graham has been Consul for three years and a half, and, we believe, has dis- charged his duties in a manner highly aeceptable to his fellow-citizens here, and to the authorities of the country. He ‘proteated against the blockade when it was firet declared, and there has been no instance where au! American vessel or American property kas been interfered with by the blockad- ers, that he hes not protested against it in the strongest manner. His re-appointment, now the blockade is off, is the most unequivocal appro- bation of his course, and shows that although there are different parties in the United States as to their local affairs, yet that there is no difference of epinion as to the ceurse the English and French governments have pursued in relation to this country. We are glad that there is now a pros- pect of Mr. Grahem’s longer continuance with us. —Buenos Ayres Packet, Jan. 20. Gotp.—We notice that many persons doubt the reports of finding lumps, or pieces of pure gold, in Calitorma, of several pounds weight. We are as- sured {rom good authority that « lump of pure geld, weighing thirty-two pounds, was discovered in & vein er seam of a rock, in the Dutch Island of Aru- ba, in the Caribbean Sea, afew P hance since, which was sent to the King in Hollan }, and it 16 now 10 the museum there. The finding of this, caused ae Feat an excitement, ‘ona emall scale, in the other itch Islands in the vieinity, ae the California ex- eitement here, and many rushed to dig gold, pay- ing tothe government one guilderfor a license ; but no more “lumps” were found. We under- stand that one firm in Boston, who received over fiye pounds of the “‘ dust” last week, had one piece of one ounee weight among it, worth about seventeen dollars, and another piece weighise over two ounces has been received in New York. ‘We should like to know the weight of the largest Jump found im California, from good authority.— Boston Jowrnal. ‘Tn Oxp Boy i Sracs.”—We see by the tele- ph that M. L. Davie, Esq., has been appointed By the Becretary of State, Despatch Agent for New York, an office worth about ¢800 a year. out, we presume, beeause Fer- locofoeos will ery ‘Weod, kaq., is removed, for thie is eer- —— ai but they cannot say that the it been very disinterested in their . Da the lek and ehes tor a se me *. a aries bn tatien, in_enying that he is going to vete fer Myndert Van Schack. ‘The Eorsing Poot, Globe, and Tywe Sus, will please, therefore, not to bear down too hard upon the administration for making this removal and intment. The offiee, no doubt, was given to Mr. Davis for the sake ol the days of * auld lang syne.” ~ Express, "Our Isthmus Correspondence. Cuaorss, Jan. 6, 1849. The Panama Railroad— The Survey of the Route, $e. He. The steamship California (before reported in the Herald) arrived at Panama in the neighborhood of | the 9h met., in the rapid run of filty-two days, running time, from New York—the quickest, by many days, ever performed between the two ports. She was detained in the Straits of Magellan four daye, and at Valparaiso eight days. She came into the port of Panama in excellent order, not the slightest derangement having occurred to the ma- chinery or hull, and left for San Francisco on the 18th, with 330 or 430 passengers, This is cer- tainly gratifying to the company, but more espe- cially to the energetic and accomplished origi- nator, Mr. W.H. Aspinwall, to whose eaterprise the country 1s indebted fer the completion of a work destined te add very materially to our already rising credit. The enterprise of the com- pany headed by Mr. Aspinwall does not end here ; they have now on board of the Templeton, ready to lend, some forty persons, among whom 18 Mr. Norns, the celebrated engineer, of Philadelphia ; Capt. Tilghman, of the army; and several other accomplished surveyors and topographical en- gineers, who wiil commence immediatelv the survey ot the Iethmus. Their duties will be moat arduous, and, perhaps, dangerous; but, if I may judge from the various characters, as they have ep displayed during the passage from New York, I may safely predict a spose and satisfactory ter- mination. The survey w ll probably occupy four moniks, and, when completed, the work upon the road wi!'l be at once undertaken. The expedition is composed mostly of young and accomplished engineers and surveyors, and 18 furnished and equipped with everything necessary. They have their surgeon (Dr. Harns, of the army), servants, and workmen, or woeod-cutters. It is the inten- tion of Mr. Nenis, the principal, and Captain Tilghman to quarter at Gorgono, where the va- nous sections will organize, and start for their reepective localities. fied are under the pretec- tion of the Governor of New Grenada, who has undertaken to render the expedition every facility the country aftords. ‘ Goraona, February 18, 1849. Incidents of a Trip across the Isthmus—Description of the Country, &c. We lett Chagres for this place on Thursday, the 15th instant, at 44 P. M.; camejtwelve miles and paseed the night at the house of a native; took ® bowl of coffee, for which we paid ten cents, and twenty cents for lodgings. Rose at 2A. M. and started on our journey. Our party consisted of eleven. We came on Friday about twenty-five miles, and stopped at a hacienda, or farm house, and proeured a tolerable (ed dinner, for which we paid 25 cents each. hen night came, we spread the few blankets we had, and encamped on the banks of the river. I suffered consi erably trom headache, in consequence of exposure to the excessive heat of the sun. Being greatly fatigued T coon fell asleep, having only, for the first time in my hfe, the canopy of heaven for my shelter. In the morning, when my turn came for being on watch, at 3 o’clock, I found the blanket with which [ was covered completely saturated with dew. Nething disturbed us at night except the howling of wild animals in the distance, and the splashing of water, occasioned i ee jump- ing from the banks of the nver. The natives who accompanied ue, lay directly on their faces, with nothing but a blanket overthem. They possess great Muscular strength, and can endure great fatigue. They have the reputation of being strictly honest, and go entirely without arms. ‘We arrived at this place at 12 o'clock, the dis- tance from Chagres being forty-five miles. The country 18 rich, undulating, and the most beautiful that my eyes ever beheld, the whole adapted to cultivation, producing cocoanuts, bananas, pine- apples éc. in the greatest profusion. The woods are filled with game and most beautiful birds. We saw a great number of parrots, birds of paradise, and others of the most gorgeous plumage, and quite anumber of monkeys. The latter are settle seen in groups of fourto six. In short, I ave had much to enjoy. The river has a rapid current; the steamer Urus is entirely too large to navigate it; she can come up only 18 miles. The cheapest and best way 18 to come the whole dis- tance by canoes. it whole expenses, including incidentals, from Chagres here have been $11. Mules from this to Panama are $10 each; baggave can be carried ou the backs of men for $5 percwt. Tam now boarding at the best house at this place for $1 per day, It will cost me about $30 to get across the Isthmus. If 1 should walk, which 1 shall probably do, the entre expense will not ex- ceed 0 from Chagtesto Panama. The weather 1s warm and pleasant, and walking good. Panama, Feb. 22, 1849. I arrived at this place on the 20th inst. n good health and spirits. I came from Gorgona entirely on foot, with only an umbrella to protect me from the hottest sun I ever experienced. The distance by the mule road 1s 30 miles—in a straight line 21 mules. The path is in many places very narrow; the ascents and declivities steep, yet no more so than I have often travelied in New Hampshire. The country 1s beautifully diversified with hill and dale. The soil is very fertile—every foot, so far as I have seen, adapted to cultivation. It abounds in springs of as delicious water as lips ever sipped. Ihave been happily disappointed with the general features of the country, the character of the na- tives, and the difficu ties and hardships attending crossing. " 7 I have seen considerable of Captain S. and lady. He is an unpretending man of good common sense. We encamped at the same place oa Monday night, the 19th instant. Mrs. S. complained much of fatigue, having rode all day on a man’s saddle. Ceptain S. engaged four negroes to bring her on a litter; she soon found this way of travelling so fatiguing, thet she preferred riding. Part of the way, she walked. I should much prefer walking to riding the miserable animals they have here; it is attended with less fatigue and riek, and can be performed 1n as short a space of time. ‘esterday, I felt much like slecping all day ; to- day, I fcel better--having an excellent appetite, and abstain from eating everything calculated to de- rarge my syetem. The oranges of this couatry are the finest I ever have tasted ; they are twice as large as the ordinary size, and are very sweet; they are gold tor tencents per dozen. Tropic: fruits of all kinds abound, andaresold low. Flour 18 worth $28 per barrel; brandy, @10 per gallon; board at the hotel, from $1 50 to $2 perday. Iam lodging at, the Washington Hotel, and take my meais at the restawrant, kept by a New Yorker. ‘The whole expense does not exceed 5 per week. I would advise all who are comung this way, to bring five-franc pieces, as they pass here for one dollar and twenty-five cents. The number of ing, cannot be less than twelve 0 mode of conveyance before . Some will be detained many weeks. J have known only one case of sickness; and he is not very ill. We are daily expecting the arrival of the Oregon. I hope she will come soon, annot bear the idea of remaining at this hot any length of time. Panama, Feb. 24, 1849. The steamer Oregon made her appearance ia the bay Jast nght. She anchored some six or eight miles from the shore, and was supposed te have been the British steamer that was dae yeeterday, until this morning, when the stars and stripes, that were visible through the glass, re- moved all doubts. She probably will not sail for ten er twelve days. I expect to reach San Fran- cisco by the 25th Maren. I have been favored with delightful weather, having seen no rain since leaving New York. f removed from the hotel where I had been staying yesterday ; I now room and board with the Lieut. Governor of Panama, and the Mayor of the city, atthe expense of eighty cents per day. Doetor Cragen, of Washington city, will oceapy a part of my room with me. I shall remain here unul I f°, on board the steamer. Capt. Goldeborough, of the U. 8. Ni Gorgona, yesterday, sufie gout. I have not arrival. Th ah od the, oasis with @ summit wi ealty, but feltthat he was amply rewarded. He lamentable it 18 that euch a eountry, presenting 6e many natural resources, should continue, tor more than G00 years after ite settlement, with its lovely valleys, its hills and pre the same con- dition as when i raieed 18h stand~ ard frem one of ite lettiest hills. Instead of its advancing, it has retrograded; land that was eulti- vated in the ages of the Incas, is now eovered with lofty treew aad thiek underbrush, mhabited by only wild animale, monkeys alligators, and acrpents. Panama, N.G., Feb. 1849. The Travel Across the Tilda otheane Water, $c.—The Road— Panama, I wrote to you on the 6th instant, at Chagre: informing you of our remarkably short run foaly fourteen days in the brig Manon, from the capes of the Delaware. We lett Chagres the next day, in the steamer Orus, which rune ooly fifteen to wenty miles up the river for $10 a*piece, which saved us time and expense—from thence to Gor- gona (Cruces is entirely out of the question, and none go that route) in canoes, which were loaded from the steamer. We got into a kind of a eubby hole with scareely room enough to tura round or breathe, yet we made out first-rate, and soon be- came used to them. We were poled up against the current by the natives, having left the steamer about dark, und arrived at Gorgona the following evening. This mode of traveling is so slow that it appears to be one hundred miles distant, instead of filteen or twenty as they call it. On reaching Gorgona on Saturday night, our baggage was conveyed to what they call a hotel, built of mud, with a thatched root, dirt floor, an hammocke hung up here and there. Board at the moderate rate of $1 per day, for which the; give us coflee, as they callit; (horrible stuff, lace ditto,and bread and meate,but | cannot describe the fixings, and could but seldom partake, but made out very well with their yame, bread, &e. Here we remained until Tuesday, mking atrangements for conveyance to Panama, The water we drank aeitcame from the river, cool and dehghtful as the Schuylkill. The air refreshing, climate healthy, and but little rain at the present time. However, it is unsate to remaia long ia one place, as one stands a chunce of taking the fever Those that have died, I judge were imprudent in eatin fruit, using, spirituous liquors, exposure, &c. think there is no danger to apprehend with proper caution. The Chagres river is a beautiful stream, clear as crystal, cool, and a very rapid current. t drank it, and found no inconvenience from its ef- fects. Its banke on both sides are ngh, with wild, romantic scenery, and uncultivated. ere has been sickness at different pointe, caused b; intemperance, eating fruit, exposure, Wc., but are now healthy, though they say there are some cases of cholera existing around the outskirts of the town, brought here by passengers from New Orleans, which pabiens the natives, and causes them to fear all who eome trom that city. ere is also, now and then, a case of billious fever and diarrhae. At Gorgona we could get no mules, as the owners are recruiting them tor the steamers paesengers, now daily expected, and can obtain etter prices for their services when the ciowd arrives, so we had to hire natives to carry our bag- gage on their backs at stipulated Prices, one halt fe! Paynes on starting and the balance on delivery at anama. I gota horse to ride, and was with a separate pety from ours, as the owners ot the il not separate them, and I had to com? ving brotker Sam to aitend to the bag- so I arrived here before him, and as the mail goes over to-day it will pass him. I think the baggage will come safe, as the matives are very honest and inaecent, yet cunning, anda low, ignerant race. The road 1s awful; you can- not concerve of such vp and down very steep hills, and the track just wide enough for the horses legs. Irode the whole distance aay 14 miles, up and down, without the hold of bridle, and thought no more of it than walking across a room, on the fatigue occasioned by twelve hours constant riding. liked it, though it 1s troublesome and fatiguing. Should [ be permitted to returo,I shall probably come this route, at this season of the year, as itis the most healthy season. If the rai 18 built, and for which they are now sutvey; at will be a delightful tnp. Rain seldom falls atbas nama; but more or less between Gorgona and Chagres. Brother Sam, poor tellow, had a hard time of it in crossing from Gorgona, and did not reach here till 12 o’clock the next day after we separated, and came in quite jaded out. His horse ave out seven miles tnis side of Gorgor here ie abandoned him, and had to foot it ae balanas of the way, say 17 miles, ashe could obtain neither horse or mule for love or money; but he hired a native to bring on his blanuet, &e.— he says it was enough to kill a horse, but he wer thered it through, and 1s now all right, and thinks he 18 tough enough to stand avy thing. We reach- ed this city on the 14th instant. [ searcely know what Iam writing, as every thing has gone on in such a said manner eince we lett you. Yet here we are, thanks to a kind Providence, alive kicking, in this good city of antiquity, which shows it has been one of some importance in eentaries gone by. We have hired a fine airy room at ene jollar per day, which accommodates our party of eight (all the Marian’s passengers) which coete us a shilling apiece for the room. Here we have our breakfast, supper, and lodge ; the coflee of ourewn make, and dine at a restaurateur’s for twenty-five cents each, yet they say flour is $50 the barrel, but meats, &c. are cheap. We had too much luggage to bring thi ute. Persons desirous ot going to California, and want novelty, and think they can undergo the fatigue, let them come via the Isth- mus, but with as little baggage as possible, and take care they are notimposed upon by some of the American Yankees or the native Ihave some experience now, and very well as regarde the master’s n' The Spanish language is easily ‘earned with alit- tle care and attenuon. Theclimate is fine, and agrees with us—thermometer ranges from 82 to. in ihe shade, and from #0 to 100 in the sun—The- Mornings and evenings are coo! and delightlul, that is from4P M, ull6 or7 the next moraing; datas the poisdle ot Gy day we remain ae Soers, and have generally a fine breeze passing throug’ our room. Y On the 224, we celebrated our beloved Washington’s birth day, by raising the American flag, firing salutes, music, &c. ere are now said to be 1600 persons here, and om the Isthmus—but they will have to wait a tume before they will find conveyances te Oalifor- nia, as there are none here. The Pacific steamer is not in, and no one can tell when she will be, and sailing vessels touching here, are tew and fer be- tween. We learn there are plenty of veseels at San Francisco, but cannot get men to man them, as fthe sailors demand $150 the month, and hard work to get them at that. The news trom the dig- ginge is more and more brilliant; but we th a little too gicsring. We have been here now ten days, and were fortunate on our arrival im pro- cunng berths on board the brig Belfast for Francisco, which vessel eails this day. The Fal- con and Crescent City arrived at Chagres six days afterus, which, with other vessels, have landed a large number of passengers. We paid $100 each forour hence, and are new offere: hy and no doubt could get $250 for each ticket. ir bag- gage has all come through safe, (except one box which we give up as lost, containing riee and pro- visions) and is all on board the brig. No doubt e 3 P we shall he retty mussy and hard time of it as the vessel 76 passengers, but we intend, it poms le, to make ourselves content, aad rough it rol Thus you ses how we are progressing, and the rapid movements we are permitted to make eveg since we left you, (it being mow 60 days aince we bid you klarewell,) and by the time this letter reaches you, we shall, with the blessing of 4 well om our way to Sam Francisco. We dono: regret our undertaking, nor had we any idea w> could undergo se much fatigue, bat if w: continue to improve, think we can staal anything that fulls to the lot of commo humanity. We have accustomed ourselves to the sott side of a board, with simply our blankets, and sleep sound at that as when in abed at home. The climate is not as warm as I expected, but, in fat, pleasant, #0 do not tee! uneasy about us, oa Frees thing has gone on far better than we expected, we ate contented—quite a novelty for as, aad we have become used to it. Accommodations here are much beter, and we can get every thing we want ve! cheap. The brig is theetng home her topeails, aad made Lemon tone on rie ped acral on board, write in 3 Woireweey ae Goup Dvwer. <ninsicsernilsalitiaanstats 10s or Monancuy.—The year 1848 has Fhe nent more changes among. the European sovereigns, than even the year 1530, The aggre- te ef sovereigns has heen reduced from 47 te 88. Phe o but one ever 70 years of age—King Ernest Auguetes, of Hanover. Six monarehs have either mae a yoluatary or forcible abdication of their power, viz :—Louis Philippe, on the 2ith of Febra- fry; Louie of Bavaria, on the 2let ef March ; Charles, Prinee of Hohengollern 8: en the 2h of Apa | Menri XLII, Prince of Reuss Lobenstern Eberdorfi, om the let of October ; Jo- eeph, Duke of Saxe Altembourg, om the Séth of November ; and Ferdinand I. of Austra, en the 3d Save been feroed tabdisate by their suogestey bet ave been feroed te abdicate e1r the first has recovered hue power, and the d ot the a goversed in his is by the inene. iree reigming princes have tian VII. Denmark on the 20th of Jam 3 Lous 1, Grand Duke of Hesse t, on whe 16th ot June; and Gustavus, Landgrave of Hornberg, on the 8th ot September.— Albany Argue,