The New York Herald Newspaper, April 3, 1849, Page 6

Our Pacific ATNORE NI. , February 1, q Beemer out ot ut, ly wif ‘The Departure of the Califormean— e First Steamer-- Bogota and Quito— Scenes, Tacidents-- General Smith, §¢., Fe. ‘We cet sail, or steamed, or fired up, and s’arted at 9A.M., minus 15 minates, by my tura old Sol, amid nine tremendous!y hearty cheers from allhands, ineluding the hens, chickens, cock- a-doodle-doos, sheep, goats, cattle, and especially the heggies and little piggies, which made the “sol. kin ring, and the natives stare, at Torega, 014 shore and on the sea, 1m their canoes, and are aow, (half- past one P. M.,) running gallanu:y down the Bay be- fore a tmangular wind towrds the equator, to- wards which we have togo some three degrees Nearer ere we can go on our course north. The decks of the ship are now el-ared; the passengers, with some exceptions, very healthy, and all pro- miees well. a " In conversation witha gentleman of intelligence, who hae resided some thirty years nearthe equator, Thave gathered some facts, some of whichare new to me, but which are doubtless contained 10 the boeks, but inasmuch as very few of tne teemiag muititudes of earth have the tacilitiesto gather these facts from the scarcity of them, loss of time, deten- tion from business, Wc., I think | will, to-day, give you these facts, which you can publish if you deem them of sufficient importance te your numerous readers. I am informed that Bogota 13 some 8,00) feet above the sea--the thermometer ranging, oa an average, from 50 to 60. The chiet resources of Bogota, it being the capital of New Granada, is, like Washington, the money circulated from its salaried officers, its mint, agriculture, the British goods sent into the interior, or into warmer lati- tudes, (climate of course being changed by alti- tude,) where they exchange their own agricultural produce, (together with British goods, )such as flour, tatoes, barley &c ,—for molasses, sugar, cotton, ‘c. Bogota contains some 50,000 inhabitants, and the city is said to be very beautiful. Tas mountain ot Chimborazo, not far distant, ia some 18,500 teet, high where is perpetual snow. The peak ot Telima, which he has scaled, is_also about the same height as Chimborazo. The city of Quito is also a handsome city, about nine thou- sand feet high; its resources being agricul- ture, sheep, &c.—Flores (uf some reputation there. and elsewhere,) having about halt a million of sheep, The citizens of Bogota and Quito, al- though the thermometer is between 50 and 6), en- joy all the products of the earth; the moun- taineers, high above them, constantly, at all sea- sons, bringing down ice in the form of bags of hail, and everything common to cold mountain countries, while trom below te the ocean are brought all the products of all climes but the frozen re- gions. In a few hours, or a day, or we will aay a few days, you can visit all the climes known among men, and enjoy all the necessaries and fuxuries with which the earth teems. Now wa have random, passing ideas of these truths; but [ have never telt their force as | have to-day, wails listening to the eloquent and startling tacts of the entleman alluded to. At Bogota are many In- ians, and at Quito the Indiaas, resembling the old Incas, are rapidly gainiug the ascendancy, and will, ere long, have the supreme control of those Jovely regione, where nature has apparently made an effort to lavish or concentrate in a very smallcom- pass all the luxuries, conveniences, comforts, and riches of the globe. A thought here strikes me fercibly, viz: The great results, the startliag woa- ders that the three or four hundred inzelligent emi- rants within the sound of my voice may, and Soabtlens will, efiect in coming years, in the civil- ization of the Pacific coast trom 54 40 to Cape Horn. What agricultural wealth wili be produced from its fertile soil, and what mioeral riches will be produced from its mines, now hidden trom our view! In a few months, or years, California, hitherto, through all the generations of men, a barren wilderness, will become a flourishing State of America, whose legislators will be from her own generous and energetic bosom, whose wisdom will be felt ere long throughout the whole Pacitic coast, spreading the blessings of a liberal and en- lightened Christianity and a prosperous commerce, far intothe interior; her American schools, colleges, churches, workshops, factories, and all that tends to the comfort and happiness of man and the apread of treedom, following rapidly in their train.— Whence comes all this? At Ska, Paciric Ocran, Feb. 2, 1819. About Fish-—Adventures—New York Politi- . cians, §¢. This morning, or rather last night and this mora- ang, we had rather a severe biow tor the placid Pacific, which made some of the passengers stare Jn front of the bow of theU., a sword-fish, ten feet long, was seen making tor the ship, (taking us probably for a whale,) but just ere he or she was about to sink us, by boring a hole in our bottom, he or she darted down in the direction ot the floor- ing of the great deep, aud was seen no more for- ever. Tais fish’s fia (resemoling a fan,) was dis- tunctly visible, together with its formidable sword. These fich have been known to boce a hole through a ship, whose force was not expended uotil it had entered a cask or a bale of cotton, and have been known to sink many a noble ship. To-day the California made revolutions, 16,635 ; coal consumed, 15 tons, 1,760. Speaking about fish, we ure directly opposite the island of Cano, which isin wo arer a Captain on bourd wno was in a whaling veesel of 200 tons, which was struck by a whale within a tew miles ot Cano, and wentdown. The crew made their way to Caso, where they found cocoanuts and water, which reserved their lives until they got on the main land and were thus very miraculously preserved. While removing the hogs trom the forecastle in front of the wheel-house, one of the hogs got in among the machinery, making a most dreadful noise, and Was not rescied until the engine was stopped, causing a detention of some minutes. The ree passengers were in high glee’ during this hog adventure, and shoek their sides most lus- tily. Various eating clubs have been tormed on the fore-deck, appointing captains, recretaries, vices, &c., the captain’ duty being te get the grub from the cook, apportion it to his men, &c. Malichi | Fallon, Esq., of the 6th ward, late keeper of the Tombe, 18 the captain of the Kinckerbocker Club, consisting of twenty members, among whom are Charles Hughes of the 15th wara, McUarty of the 16th ward, snd a member of the democratic gene- | ral committee last year, of which your correspon- | dent was also a member, and also a deteated can- diate tor Alderman of the 3d ward, to say nothiag of hie denunciation of the baraburners; Dann, of | the léth of ward, &c. Feb. 3, 1349. Some Accownt of Generale Smith—Short Trip Across the Worid, §c. General Smith, on board the C., and Governor elect of California, is 4 fine old gentleman, who carries himeelf most sensibly oa board, «aad pleases all, many of LA soar ers having suag some thrilling choruses in front of his lodgings at Panama, just prior to our departure, to which the {General responded in a very happy off-hand speech, at the close of which the multitude gave | nine cheers, as none but Americans can give them. | | The General, I learn, is a Philadelphian, having emigrated to New Orleans many years siace, where he practised law, was made a judge, Kc. In early life, having taken an interest in military matters, he-commanded the militia, studied mili- tary tactics profoundly; he then entered in the Flonda war, and fought so gallantly under Old Zack, that Kough and Ready advised the proper | authorities to let General Smith take the coin | mand of the Louisiana volunteers in the late war | with Mexico, which advice was adopted; and how | liantly and mantully he fought by the side of | ‘aylor and Scott, the historian has already re- corded in glowing language, General Smith having been present atthe storming of Monterey, and ia | every battle from Vera Crus to the gates and | forum of the city of Mexico. Hence tae judicious | selection of the government at Washington in ap- | pone eins at this crisis to the Governorship of | alifornia, where his coolness, intrepidity, pre- | found jurisprudence, and love ot justice, will be | very, essential to silence discord, protect the rights of American and foreiga citizens, and to pro- | mote the general weltare of oar beloved country, | The day has passed tebe C we have averaged | about nine miles per hour, and the glorious ean is | going down behind the tranquil and lovely waters of the Pacific, which, I trust, will arise w.th its accustomed splendor in the morning over out happy heads, while ascending the noblest ocean of | eur world. The sea now (a quarter past fonr, P. M.) 1s very | tranquil, and everything going on smooctily. | have just closed a conversation with the Britieh Coneul at Mazatlan, (of the firm of Mott, Talbot, | Co.5) im which te, (Mr. Tatbot,) amoug other thinge, said that he left Mazatlan in April, for England, vin New York and Cape Hora; that he had ‘visited New York and England, and ‘would be in Mazatlan in « few days, which was the shorten ‘tb on record; that he believed there bins d be 30,000 people at Mazatlan on the urrival pf the Calitornia, she being the first steamer ever known in these waters, 1 "y having no possible eonception of what a eieainer iy I reekon euch a steamer ua the Calitoriia in will be a tolerably bi Specimen for the first. The hille around Marcle ie any will teem with an avtoniahed muiltiti de as the Calitoraia nears the harbor, gehen San Bias, Mexico, Feb crip s—- Tie Pussen, Morsear be. ers of the Une ell, we have been herea few hours, and will from other countries, arme muuing facilities, intend mines, vt et armis, if r 4 to the teeth, and with to take possession ef the ceasary. NV mus verrons. .tpists, male and female, came «ming, and delighted us with their , Vocal and instram-ntal, and with shich they introduced the prancing of Some Mexican hr on board, this mo- plaintive music dancing, in v horses, an? 7 4,in short, all the steps aad daaces of Elseler ©, Go, par the 8* eetest music I ever heard, discoursing much that, ¢ had heaid in the leading operas of Am-nie1. 4, wro’e you, at Acapulco, describing its beauties, fruits, ite beautiful harbor, the character of ita in- habitants. 1 have, indeed, given you two faithful descriptions of Acapuleo, one forwarded from A , and the other at this place. San Blas is composed ot a few miserable huts, about two miles trom our anchorage, a town about halt as large as Acapuleo, being afew miles distant from the port of San Blas. Tepic 18 some 60 miles inthe interior, We have had a sprinking of the scenes of Columbus's expedition, the May Flower, our great fathers, We , including some of the grand exhibitioas to be seen in 1 menagerie. The Messrs, Talbot leave us at Mazatlan. Hin dreda are waiting our arrival at Mizatlaa, aad thousands have left there tor Saa Francisco |= Ta~ list I send is doubtless very impertect ; many pas- sengers have trausferred their tick~ta, and takea the Philadelphia, and the senooners. I know of some on board whose namesare noton the list, who purchased Uckets at Panama But stilt the list will be of satistaction to maay, as itis ia the main correct. I have not given the nainesof tie Peruvians. Annexed are the passengers:— Peraifer F Smith aod lady, R S Frazer, Lieut. A Gibbs, Samuel W. Talbot, Marcus H. Palbot, & VM. Price and servant, M Van Nostrand, Charios Hall, Lieut G, W. Reviere, Lieut. G W. Harrison, Livat, Danville Leadbetter, Stephen Toft, K Priohstte, Ed- mund H. Ceddington, D B Fowler, Lieut. RS, Wil- Mameon. John W Douglass, Wm. P Bryant, £. Wood- ruff, O E. Wheel d lady, A Robdinaoa, J bergen, Mej. M’Dougell, 6. F. A Sowers, C, H. Hoyt, H Field, Frapois P. Smith, Semuel S Reed, Caps. Wm. K, Smith, Wm. H. Prise, Willem Norris, D. FB i Mr. Jones, W S. M'Knight, J. R. feoae D. Allerton, A Porter, Capt. Denateoa, A G. Titfsa Charles Guiliver, DH. Wipley, G. W. A) J) Fenoo, Heary Parrot, B. F terfield, A. B, Cor ke, Louis Poppe, Jesse P. Govet, H: Wheeler, SM Sheancocke, Capt, M Suough, De 8. Haley, James Grant, . Fowler, A. L_ Di ivingston, Me. . Waterman, Capt. f Wyne, Gon. Adair, Garr, Capt. M lady and obiidren, L. H. Robertson, R.A. starpin, James Frazer, pt. Stepbea Carmick. COW. ‘Thompson, Major Ogden and lady, W. F. Tilghm Major Cardy and lady (got woll), M Toutaat, H. E. Robinson, Mr Brunson, Samuel M. Fox. Vic. Win- ston, P Ord Mr Mills, Gaorge L Pierce, Major Wait- tier, Mr. Haley, Mr. M’Dowell and lady, Mr. Sincere, Mr Boorem. Mr Fritz, Mr. Rewpan, Me Robinson Carpenter, Mr. Wood A H. Barbs, Mr Tiokaor, Mr Varpenter, T. D Van Beuren, JH. Coghill, 6. Craw- ford, W.T. Pendleton John Barker William Reynolds, G. Shoemeker, Alexander M’Laughlin aad leiy, Pas. Byrne, Major Gib» and servant, Mr. Toledaao. De Clemente, CH. Hughes, Major Ogden's servant, Visjor Carby’s servant. Mejor Fitzgerald, RoW. fleath L Brooke Major Fitzgerald's servant — Stophon Hawas Bravch,L. A. Polook, D. Locke. Mbomas Pailips, vie. Soott, A. Duprat,G. A. Metealf.Joha ab=l 0 3. Al- len, J. D. Gilmore, J. Town, A HL Lyon, 8. C. Mott, S.C. Mouat, HD. All w. Joyoe,J C. Hardy, C. E. Townsend, C. Harwbod, A Ducross, Mr Stephenec Pentz, James M1'C Jough, John Lambier. acksoa, J. F. Nagia, D. Crosby, Capt. Kearney, M. De Groot, W. G. D. James Whi James Brien. ‘he American Consul, Mr. Bissel, came on board for Mazatlan, who contirms all of the most extavagant accouats we have had trom San Fran cisco, saying that many millions of dollars worih ot gold had gone from San Francisco to Chioa Peru, Chilh, Mexico, England, America, &c.; trem whose confirmation itis the opiaion ot intel- hgent gentlemen that if the American Congress were Stent and rapidly to ensure ita transmission directly to the American mints, America can, in a few years, control the exchange of the world; that henceforth we will want no agencies in the leading cities of the world; but foreigners will be compelled to emoloy their monetary agents im the great city ot New York. There must be a large numberof Americans on board whose names are not on the list. Frank Ward end lady came on board at Lima. Tae American Consul at Payta, with his clerk, and two or three hundred thousand dollars for banking and exchange purposes in San [can- cisco, are on board. A. M. Hindman, from Con- necticut, and an elderly gentleman from Maryland, who have been long residing in Peru, are on board. A.M. Villanul, one of the largest miners in South America, is on board, with 12 or 15 men, expecting 40 more, and eo on. We are now entering the harbor ot Mazatlan: much excitement exists. We shall probably atop here during the day (now 9A. M.), and then cross the Gult of California. There are five hundred passengers (mostly Mex- Jeans) ut Tepic, awaiting transit to Saa Francisco. From ten to twelve thousand have gone from Me. ico., Whole battalions, armed to the teeth, are moving through the heart of Mexico, gotten up by the great capitahsts and triends of Santa Anaa, in whose favor (being always ready fer auy hostile demonstration against America,) the Mexicans are rising in one solid mass, whose cry 18, “Cali- fornia’s recovery or death.” 1 saw a man in San Blas, who got $5,000 in three months atthe mines, and another $13,000 1A the same time. About fitteen thousand people are in San Francisco. The snow, in the middle of De- cember, at Sutter’s Fort, was from six to sixteen inches deep, with no prospect of digging uatil ate ter the freshet in June. Board is $25 a week, without lodging, most persous sleeping in the public streets, there being few houses. The fo- Teignere outnumber the American: ten to one, and intend to exterminate the Americans as they rive, and keep possession of the country as long | as possible. This is positively the news we get at San Blas. The veil will soon be removed, on our arrival, when I will send you the real news. Sreenen H. Brancn. ‘The Commerce of the Pacific, [From the Honolulu Polynesian, Ostober 14 } dt may be of interest to the commercial world to eursorily giance at the increase of trad? in this quarter. A chain of events has occurred, during the past few years, which has attracted the atten- tion of the world to this quarter of the globe; aad the vast expanse of the Pacific, a few yeara since traversed only by wha!e-ships and an occasional trader on the northwest coast, willsoon be whitea- ed with the sails of commerce. The western shore of the American continent, where, a tew years fince, the solitude was uubroken save by the crack of the red man’s rifle or the tramp ef the adventurous trapper, already resounds with the hum of civilization and the merry sounds of pro- ductive industry. Io the cham of events which has served to attract attention to this portion ot the globe, the first was the seizure of these Islands by Lord | George Paulet, and the subsequent restoration by Admiral Thomas. Up to that time—i8i3—the trade of the Islands was itmited to one or two | ships which satled from Boston, and the trade with the whaling fleet. The imports in 1813 amounted to $223,385 38, upon which a revenue of $8,168 38 was collected. So rapidly did the trade increase, that in 1847 the imports amounted to $710,133 52, amd the revenue to $48,501 25; while for the current year, the amount of both im- ports and revenue therefrom will doubtleag far ex- ceed that amount. But it should be borne in mind, that this great increase of importation is not the consequence of increased consumption ; lor many et the [peed have been imported, and paid duties here. eventually found their way out of the coumry. The actual consumptjon has, doubtless, increased, but not in proportion to the increase of imports; fora large share of the goods, indepen- dent of those shipped to Oregon and Calitoraia, are for supplies for whale-ships. The export of the Telands 8 very limited, and the consumption must coneequently be limited. venty-five vessels en- aged in trade arrived and satled from the Islands nring 1847. Many of them, it 18 true, were small schooners, and made several trips duriag the year. The arrivals and departures will tar exceed that number the currentyear. Since 1843, quite atrade has sprung up between these Islands und China Oregon, and Califorma, The second event which ocentred to draw public attention te the Pacific, was the establishment of the French Protectorate at Tahi Although this event has not directly exerted any great influence Upon commerce, it ¥as,ina political sense, attracted public attention to the Pacific; and will, in the end, if the right measures be pursued by the govern- ment there, exert a wholesome iaflaence upoa ca n- merce. ‘The consumption will bs increased bythe influx of foreigners, while ¢} ots wil feito ly he products will also . The settlement of the ( dion and the influx of settlers, may be the third event, which hus alreuty exenug sd is destined to exert, a still Greater influence upoa the growth of cominerce ia the Pacific, The ex- ra of Oregon, a few years #ince, consisted maia- y ot fure, and her trade was lumited to one ortwo vevsele annually. We have no statistics by which to judge of the increase of trade, bat it rust oe apparent that it has been great.—Lum ver, tinader, flour mon, are now exported trom Oregon in darge quantities. The occasional trader ts pat one of quite a fleet of vessela which now annually visit Columbia River. The natives of the forvat fast sinking away before the mighty tide ot lization which is pressing onward, and their n by the hut of the hardy pioneer. Oregon is righ ia agricultural re- » and the time iv not far distant whea her shores,” will be crowded with stately houses—her waters be whitened with the Jregon boundary ques oe wigwame are being displace probably leave to-day for Mazatlan, 180 mil a “2 Boring oar ng 4a om natives and A oe non » aad inform th yom 12,000 19 15,000 Mexicans, with « sprivkling 8 of commerce—her rivers ploughed by stately ere— i aas pi pak Li at resound with the songe hi 4 The Caltordie by fourth Lok oceuy of forces may be called the 4 F epeivey bg position wou re to which we have alluded. r jitormia, previous to this event, was limited to ap occasional hide-drogher or smuggler--her exporte to hides and tallow, with now aad thea a The trade eprivkling of specie. During the occupatioa ot the country by the forces ot the United States, trade was better, the consumption was incre, ed, but, on on account of 20 exoort frgee ng the ;Osperity of the country wae likely to suffer a se- ook ates Luckily, Ya June last, the goid pla- ceraon the Americaa Fork was discovered, and the ease with which gold waa procured soon af- forded an export more than sufficient for all their wants. Subsequently the treaty of peace between Mexico and the United States was ratified, aad Upper Calitoraia, gold and all, became a part and parcel of the great American republic. Caiforaia has presented an instance of commercial growth unequalled in the annals of the world; and the dis- covery of gold in such abuadance, is an evea! which willexerta mighty influence upon the pros- perity of commerce in th's oce} dease popu- latioa will soon be in Valitoraia; and if agriculture be neglected, a large fleet of vessels will be r- qui ed to supply their wants, : The line of steamers via Panama, which are to commence running in January next, will make California and Oregon near neighbors to the great commercial cities of the Atlantic coast. A rail- road has long been taiked of, and will dountless soon be commenced. Bvstoaand St. Louisare al- readv connected by a magnetic line, aa exte a o ch is already coatemplated to the Pacific coast. The expense of completing a line from St. Lonis to the Pucific has been estimated at $300,009, and we confidently believe tbat 1a our day and ge- neration both undertakings will be accomplished. It 1s impossible to toretel the mighty influence which thie chain of events will exert upon the fu- ture prosperity of commerce in this ocean. Tne Puerfic, about which 60 much has been written and #0 little known, will soon be crowded with tradera —every bay and islaad—every nook and corner, will beexplored. The mighty wave ot emigration, which 18 now relling towards the western shores otthe American continent, will, sooner or later, reach our shores. The geographical position ot these Islands point to them ag the West Ladies of the Pacific coast. Before, however, any great ad- vance can be made here, a different policy in re- gard to lands and Jabor must be pursued. If the people who own lands will not cultivate them, they must aud will be expelled from the hive. ‘The Commerce of the Sandwich Islands, [From the Polynesian, Oct, 28) In view o: the momentous movements which are now tuking place in this quarter of the globe, it becomes a serious, and oft-repeated question, whether these movements will, in tne end, pro- duce a favorable or uatavorabie effect upon the prosperity of these islands. We are of ooinion that the effect will be favorable, and greatly ac- celerate the prosperity of the islands, provided the right meosures are pursued by the government. ‘The position of the islands gives to them a com- mereial i nportance, 1ndepradentof the actual con- sumption; but in order to retain that importance, different measures must be adopted. The present isa crisie, the results of which will depend mainly upon the course which is now adopted. The im- portance of political and peraoaal action, is every day becoming more apparent. Ia w of the clicumstances in which we are now placed, wat steps are neceesary to be taken? We will suggeat one or iwo, which have occurred to us, leaving the decisien of their merits to others, more capable of judging than we are. Honolulu must be made a free port. If we would make these islands the central depot of the Pacitic —if we would jucrease their commercial impor- tance beyond the trivial amount of actual con- sumption—if we would afford our merchants the Opportunity of making this place a commercial emporium, that will rival Valparaiso, and attracta fleet ot vessels here annually, Honolulu mast be made afree port. Weare aware that many will exclaim impossible, and inquire from what source the governmentis to raise a revenue, it the duties be taken off. The fact that a large reve- nue has been derived trom customs, is apt to blind us to the real state ot the case, and to make us overrate the value of cus- tems asa source of revenue. The report ot the Collector General ef customs, shows the total aet receipt from customs during the year 1847, to be $48,901 25; but it should be borne in miad that a very large portion ot the goods ou which this | amount of duty was collected, have been re-ex- | can safely calculate trom duties, is only the duty upon the amount actually consumed in the coun- try, tor our merchants hereafter will pay duty only on such goods as are calculated for this market.— Those vessels which, previous to the disco- very of gold in Califoraia, would have en- tered and paid duty, storing their cargoes here for sale on commission, will, under the pre- seat order of things go direct to Caltornia — The exports of native produce, during 1317, amounted to only $68,418 58, which, added to $140,600 00, the estimated value ot supplies fur- nished to vessels of all kinds touching here, gives | a total of $209,018 50. This amouat is all that was | actually consumed upon the islands, being ail that the resources ot the islands were capable of pay: | ing for. Calculating the duty at five per cent | upon this amount, we fiad the revenue from duties reduced from $48,801 25 to $10,45092 Tais 19 all | the revenue which we can sately calculate upon, excepting the extra amount received oa liquors and the amount cf increased consumption; and th: added to harbor dues and other incidental receip's | is the actual amount of loss wnich the revenue of the government would sustain by making Honolulu a free port. __Itmay be asked what benefit we are to receive | in return for these concessions ?_ Let the commer. | cial growth and prosperity of Valparaiso and of Singapore reply. The geographical position ot the ported. The amount of revenue upon which we | ®™ AMERICA AND PINANCE. View of the Effect in Another as [From tne Circular to Banters, Jat It was to be expected that aa extraordinary de- velopement of commercial power, such as the in- pouring of treasure trom a new source, would be received with doubt and incredulity, aad especial- ly by those who pase their lives in criticising the worke aod uadertakinge of other men, and never create anything of utility for themselves, never by reeept or example suggest anything better than a Feener degree of point and polish 1a the practice of their owa animacversions and detractions. Tais is one reason why emigration or colonization re- ceived so litle countenance from jouraalism till it was thirty years too late to be of essential service asa Means of counteracting pauperism and degra- dation among the people at home; and the tone of jouroalism operated ag a restraint on the ruling power on that grave question. Proper foresight, the commonest sense of the duties of statesman- ship, (if statesmanship were what it should be ia England,) would have suggested the necessity of devising means of provisioa at home for the people ot Ireland, and means of transport for her super- numerary laborers, without depriving the British crown of the value of their labor, wien at the close ot the war it became manifest that Ireland would be deprived of her principal accidental ad- vantage by the cessation of government contracts; when at the same time ithad become maaitest that a great stimulation had been given to the increase of population by the subdivision of land for the creation of votes. All natural and proper remedies for clearly augmentiog evils were utterly neglected at the time when they ought to have been applied providently, vigorously, aad effectually. Aud cen- sure for this negligence presses with tenfold weight on the head of the tories who were 19 power tll the year 1330; for the whigs, during the filteea years of their tenure of power since 1330, have in truth attempted remedies for the physical degrada- tion of the Irish which the rival faction wholly neglected We do not say that the expedients ap- plied for relret since June, 1846, were the beat and wisest, but we say that the conduct of the whigs. evinces a betteranimating spirit, a higher sense of duty, and more anxiety to apply the resources of statesmanship to the perplexing and revelting af- fairs of Lreland than ever were evinced and applied by the rival taction during its long possession of power from 1807 to 1839, and from 1812 to 1846, We shall see presently that Pitt, himself, was not exempt from the same censure, and theretore it seems to be incidental to parliamentary warfare, that the executive snould postpone and neglect whatever is remote and gives it no trouble in Par- liament, however important the odject may be. Every page of our history, for meatly @ century, demonstates the supine indifference of the govern- men:to the colonial interest of the empire, which we hold to be vastly more important than auy single in- terest within the united kingdom—that of the land alone excepted; much superior in value to any sin- gle mining or manutacturing interest, if proceniy administered and fostered with parental solici- tude. It appears that the British crowa has, or had, as good a title to California as the United States had to the portion of Oregon ceded to them by treaty. Guthrie, in his geosraphical gram- mar, written before the American war of indep2a- dence, said:— ‘With respect to the vatue of the gold mines, nothing positivecen be asserted. California was dissoveced by Cortex, the great conqueror of Mexico, in 1536, after endaring incredible hardships aud oncountoring dan- gers of alm st every species. During a long period, it Was se little frequented, that even its form was ua- known, and, in most 8, it was Irepresented as aa felaxd. Our femous ator, Sir Francis Drake, took possession of it in 1678, and hit ht was confirmed by the prinoy; F oblef of thecouatry. This title, however, the gi ment of Great Britain b not hitherte attempted to vindioate, though California is admirably situated for trade, and on its coast has a pearl fishery of great valuo, Pinkertoa, also, who died more than twenty years ago, bears testimony to the value of this possession, and his representation is referred to in the last number of the Examiner, whence we transfer it to our columns:— pater an In an aosount of D f test turning up wi ick» bh metals plainly appear mixed with ths mould. It may be objected that this looxe little fab1- lous; but to this two satisfactory ans be given; the first is, that later discovei ams coast confirm the truth of it, which for anything I can see ought to put the fact out of question; bat it y doubts should remain, my second answer should over- turn these. For | say next. that the country of New Mexico lies directly behind New Albion, on the ether side of @ narrow bay, and im that country sre the of Santa Fe, which are allowed to be the richest ‘1d; here then is a valuable coaatry, to which @ very fair title. This, then, is the sort of country to which, as our author says, “‘we have a very fair title,” one square mile of which ts probably worta on the average a thousaud square miles of Oregoa or Ca- ada on the average. On these we have expended many millions of money--in conquest abd atte? macy, in defences and the suppression of rebellion, in civil government and highways--probably_a sum exceeding fifty millions sterling, or one-fif- teenth part of the national debt. California we abandon without an effort to realize the title to the territery secured by the enterprising Drake, with. out expending a pound sterling to recover it, But this simple contrast, forcible and instructive as it is, describes not the worst effect of our supineness and criminal negligence in the matter. Califoraia 1s the most favored spot on the earth for British colonization from ita salubrity, its fertility and climate, ts possession of the fine bay and port of islands 18 such—the communication with the dit- ferent ports of the Pacific 80 trequent—that they | may be the heart of commercial transactions 1n | the Pacific. Our near proximity to Calitorata, | Mexico, and Oregon, enables us to take advaatage | of our more remote neighbors. This has becn repeatedly demonstrated; and if, instead ot having | on hand at the present time, a limited amouat of | 0038, most of which have been eahanced in va- | lue, by the Van decay of duty here, we hada mar- | ket where all the vessels which come here could | obtain a supply of goods, the advantages of our | id be even more apparent. With a } ee port, and a system of en!arged operations by | our merchante, Honolulu may be made the heart and centre of commerce in the Pacific, from whicu—as fiom the human heart radiates the veins and arteries that impartlife and vigor to the body— | the various channels of trade, which the wants of | this part of the world will soon open, will radiate. Wherever commerce goes, an increase ot ali kinds of business is caused. Had we a supply of gocds in store for a large fleet of vessels, they would come here in preterence to going else where. The Mexican prohibitory tariff, ever chaoging, 18 now in force at Mazatlan, and if Honolulu wasa tree port, we have reason to ‘believe that many vessels would come here, and store their cargoes, in order to watch their chance when the prohi- bition was removed. This was the case to some extent previous to 1843, We have shown that the actual los of revenue will be trifling, and to make this amount ug, a slight tax upon real estate would be more than sut ficient. We have conversed with several intelli- gent men who owa valuable real estate here, who concur in our views respecting the good reaults | of free trade fhe upon the prosperity of | the islands, and who express their willingness to pay any reasonable tax that may be imposed upon their real estate, The imposition of a tax upon real estate, while it would ratse a reveaue sufficient for government, would, at the same time, compel those who now own the lands, either to improve or sell them. Tae collectioa of revenue from duties is least felt; but there are cases where tiee trade is desirable, Our present treaty stipulations will not adait of a protective tariff, and limit the duties at euch low Fates as to render the aniount upon the actual consumption hardly worth the expense and trou- ble of collecting. [n the meantime, ao deiay need be occasioned—for, aside from the harbor dues, &e., goods can now be landed in bond, Our merchants can, and we hope will, imerove the advantage hich their central position gives them. No fears need be entertained in shipping goods to this market, tor the demand from abroad will be great. A chanee fora large commission business, equal to that of Valparaiso, now pre- sents itself nere. Veszela are coastantly arriving from the various ports of the Pacific, all in want of joods. Unless steps are taken to ensure a su), ly ere, the trade will diverge inte other channels, and the advantages which nature has bstowed upon the islands, will be lost. Now is the time for action. A steam communication will soon be es- tablished between the islands, the coast, and ina. Will you improve the advantages thus placed In your reach, or will you by inattenuon allow them to pass into other hands ? Ratroan Accinent.—Ase the pilot line train | from New York was near Rahway, on Saturday evening, aman, supposed to be iatoxicated, lyiag on the track, was knocked partly off by the cow- cateher, and the train ruaniag over him, he was horribly mutilated. H's head was cut open, one leg cut off, and duch meee about the body. He was taken to Rahway, but it is supposed could not survive. His name is unknown, bat he is supposed to he a labs —_ Y Tadger, Apr 2." abonog man.— Philadelphia Army Tatel) The St. Lonts Republican “The steamer Mary |: mor: orth Ly y Eaad bai i Ae Pie yd M4 Mounted Rifemen. Odhoere ap! jomas Duooen, Bvt. Cart. Thes, Ciskbor: Jy., Ase’t Barg. J. bias od | of ume, with Australia, San Francisco, whose advantages are unequalled | on the shores of the Pacific, and its virtual prox- amity to England and her Asiatic and Australian possessions, It we had no ‘‘very fair title” to the territory and waters of California, that utle ought to have been secured by purchase, and the pur- chase money held as a security for the payment of Mexican bonds in the hands of British subjects. Lord Palmerston could threaten reprisals to secure the Spanish bondholders, apparently because of the insolent conduct he and his representative re- ceived at the hands of the government of Spain; but what hav> he and Lord Grey doue to preveat Califorma falling into the hands of the United States,when England had “a Nery fatr title to Cali- fornia?” Is that not a question a little more impor- tant than the territori+s of the Hudson’s Bay Com- pany and Vancouver’s Island, coaceraing which there has been euch a pother in and out ot Parlia- ment? But this question of the right to California is connected with another question which should not be passed over in this sketchiag manner, a question which involves one of the deepest and most interesting considerations relating to out na- tional power and national honor. California, with its deep, broad, peaceful bay and port of San Fraucieco, 18 exactly that spot on earth moat necessary to secure the possessions and trade ot England in India, China, and Australia, and all her possessions and trade in the Pacitic Ocean. Itis more necessary to protect her vast and augmenting interests in those quarters than Malta is to protect her trade in the Mediterrane- an, or than the Cape and St. Helena ever were to her intercourse with the South and East. Jt is vastly more important than the overland route to India and China, because it would afford the means ot obtaining for goods, troops, and military stores, as well us correspondence, a communication as near asthe overlaad reute, in point of time, with China, and much nearer, in poiot Eagtand ought to have done exactly what the goverameat and people of the United States have done—secured Calitornia, and then run a high-way through the isthmua from Chagres to Panama, with a perpetual guaran- tee for its unmclested and comparatively uataxed possession at both extremities. This provident duty became imperative, and to the British govern- ment ought to have been obvious, the instaat the designe of the Washington Cabinet upon Mexico became manifest and unequivocal. Tne possession of Catutornia by the Uaited States puts a rein in the hande of tnat country, and a curb ia the mouth of the British lion, by means of which, with time, the young grant will be able to check, control, of thwait the intereats of England in her Asiatic and Australian possessions. Califoraia is covered with the finest timber in the world for ship-buildiag, Ph every variety of the oak tree, grow- ing near the water's edge, wh ere ships can be con- structed and floated down to the mugmfovst by, a there to reat in security till they are wanted. the broad valleys of Califoraia tl the elements of human food can be produced with less expeaditure ot labor than oa any part of the shores of the iis sissippi. Seeing all these advantages and prebable consequences placed inthe hands of the United States by the criminal a; pathy and negligence ot the British goverament, tt is with burning shame and indignation that we read the following record of England’s disgrace, and the glorious triumph ef the young Aaglo-Saxon giant; Snoat Route ro tne Pa templated as a great Improv. agth about being realiz: oan company is to run steamers fro: Sathmus ef Darien, whence goods be conveyed across to Panama ; fro Hine of steamers is to ply to Ore; Dorado ef California id @ third from Pi pry Map RT ° ely Gasyaqull, C: roy Lt as far as Valparaiso, me 16 also proj com California to the Sandwich ‘ane Chi ong The on- terprice will, it is aa) 6 present moath sero the isthaus ‘The road from ee to Pangme Jo to be repaired a) improved by the government of New Grenada. trom fande jeu by the Aqerioan company ; snd, in order to encourage this gov. t has exempted vessels frequenting | Ao of nage duce, and redaced au. to one percent on astorted cargoes, \t of a reguler communication across An Aasrt werful progress of ‘voy York to San Freucisco in California, Found Cag Horn, is 17,000 English miles, occupies a sailing ‘vessel — five months. The two voyages i. im New gorse sixty miles over land 300 fectin height) and for anship- ping and reshippiny The new line of communication will great a tage te the trade of our own coua- try. It will reduce length of the journey from Britain to Lima and Gueyequil ove half, and the time two- thirds And it will benefit che world, by accelerating the settlement and growth of « great olvilized popula- tion on the western shores of North Amorics. It may seem to be of little import to inquire by what means this degradation, this stain on the na- tional character tor enterprise, on the national honor for resolution to detead our rights, has been brought on our beloved country. One thing is palpable to the most superficial observation, which 18, that if there had been any man ot weight in either House ot Parliament earnestly beaton the performance of his duty, not all the lethargy of a Bathuret or a Dundas, the imbecility of a Robinson, the pert bureaucracy of a Rice, the brilliant tongue of a Stanley, or the nepotism of a Grey, could at this instant of time have preveated California belong- og to the Crown of England. After the Indian empire it would have been the brightest, richest jewel in herdiadem. Unhappily, there has appeared no such man to mind and de!end the most valuable rizhts of England, although the miserable coun- tries lying principally to the north of a line drawn from the mouth of the St Lawrence tothe Colum- bia river have possessed that advantage in full measuie. Hard things have beea whispered in this city, as well as having been bruite® in the ublic journals, concerning the successful job which bas been achieved tor the benefit ot the Hudson’s Bay Company by coercing or pereneding. Lord Grey to give thein all they wished. Of these sto- ries we See nothing, and shall certainly not, at present at least, enquire into theirtruth and bear- ing ; we are considering the stable foundations of our couatry’s eecurity and prosperity, which have been shamefully jeopardized. But if there be any, truth in the floating rumors, wé would just hint to the cunning men who have sought to promote their own personal interests in the Hudson’s Bay Com- pany, that they have eviuced a marvellous degree ot negligence or narrow selfishness in their pro- ceediugs to accomplish taeir purpose. What witl be the value ot Vaocouver’s Island within five years when Califoraia shall be peopled by half a million sturdy emigrants from Ergland and the United States ? ‘ho will work in a coal-mine on that island, or scratch the sterile soil for a few oats and potatoes, when he can earn five times more bythe same laoor im cultivating the rich al-. Juvial valleys ot Culitormia, within six days’ sail of yourforbidding shores. We can discover little but narrow-muded views, unrighteous party bias, or dangerous experimental crotchets in the colonial administration of England, and we moura over the fate ot our beloved country in such keeping. We speak not of the conduct of this or that ad- ministration, but of all administrations for thirty yeare past. At all events, their policy for twenty years has been directed to nothing s vigorously as the undermining of the power and greatness of England by the destruction of her coloaial pros- rity. bat ihe foregoing animadveraton on the conduct of the British government in neglecting the most ob- | vious and most important interests of their country, | we have studiously kept out of view the mineral | treasures of Calitornia, because we would ground No ceasure on anything doubtful or hypothetical. Our quarrel with our rulers 18, that they had the power of securing tor England the fiaeet territory on thearth’s surtace, in the finest climate of the world, tor the deposit of her surplus population, und at the same time of raising up a community devoted to the Britieh Crown, Teady to protect and defend the vast interests of England in Asia, Aus- tralia, and the Pacific Sea; and that this opportu- nity they have wholly neglected, and thrown all the advantages resulting trom it, into the hands of | our most energetic and tormidable rival. This 18 what we charge, and itig.a seriois impeachment which ought to be pressed home, let the blame rest where it may. At our present rate of descsading from England’s true ana only tenurable position she may fall se low as, within twenty years, to hold her East Indian possessions at the will and pleasure of the United States, and see her China trade in the exclusive hands ef that country; to which, indeed, 1! 18 already rapidly approximating; the only thing wanting to give the impetus greater Momentum and streugth being the repeal of tae igation laws. But now let us examine, so far 88 intelligence serves us to inquire, What we have | robably lost by this shameful neglect of our rights | fn the mineral treasures of California, which Kog- { land ought to have secured. We huve read care- fully all the information relating to 1t contained in | the New York M-rald—a paper which has the | useful knack or talent of concentrating ia itself all that is requisite to be knowa on the subject. of | greatest interest at the time; this informatioa | would fill several pamphlets. And we es from | this reading that the official agents of the great Republic in California whose reports are printed, are rather timid and cautious than sanguine and ob- trusive witnesses. ‘They evidently write under an | apprehension that what they have to relate will not carry credibility on its face, and may be received with mustrust end suspicion, so abhorremt to an honest man. Theretore their information is enti- tled to more attention, and it has the befitting consideration from us. Let us see whether what | had been previously ascertained does not throw additional light on the verisimilitude of their state- ments. In a standard work (third edition of Jame- son’s System of Minerwogy, printed tn 1820,) un- | der the head of America, article Gold, we find What tollowg, page 61: In modern times, this continent in considered the richest country of the worldin gold. ‘There the gold is ohiefly collected in alluvial foil, and in the beds ef ri- vers, and somstimes also from veins. In Mexico the gold is for the most part extracted from alluvial soil by means of washing ; and bagel pdt vary in sizs from that of dust to the weight of from five to six psuads— Another part of the Mexican gold is extracted from Veins which traverse primitive mountains, Te velus of native gold are most frequemt in the provinoo of Oaxaca, either in gneiss or mica slaty. ‘This ia rock is particularly rich im gold in the celebrated mines of Rio Sem Avtonio, These veins are about @ foot and eee wide, and contain besides the gold com- mon quar The same wetal occurs, silver ore, in the gra.te: been wror silver mioe which dows not On the coast of Califor: e8 in extent, covered which lumps of gold are dispersed. It must be borne in mind that these words were printed in a well-kaowa and extensively read work twenty-nine y go: since that time we have had more than a halt a dozea Colonial Sscretaries, with adequate salaries and abundant patronage and power, sworn to guard the interests of Ea land in foreign lands. Couple thia authentic in- formation with the adaitted faet that Kagland pos- sessed a ‘very fair title” to California, and you have a proper sample of the conduct ot bureau- cracy working with and by the instrumentality of a supine and trusting Parliament. There canbe no rational doubt of the abundant miaeral re- sources of Calitornia The whole country, and more especially Mexico, Pera, aad Bra- zil, abounds (as Humboldt as weil as Jame- 80n asserts) with miseral treasures ; but they have nowhere been yet found in euch abundance aud so | cheaply and readily accesaible as in the alluvial | soil ot Catifornia. We attach great importance to the discovery of quickallver in that conatry. Spe. cimens of cinoabar (which contains $7 pirts in 100 | of mercury,) have been transmitted by the officers of the United States Government to Philadelphia to be tested. We hope much trom this discovery asa means of breakiag down a baneful monopoly. The Almaden quicksiver mines of Spain have of Tecent years been the principal, not to siy almost exclusive,cource for obtaining this useful;and neces- sary product, which is to the abstraction and sepa- ration of other metals, what coal and water are to the steam engine, what rollers and the spinaing- Jenny are to the fibres of wool, cottoa, hemp and elk. No great amount of production fit for market ean be raised without them. Recently, in the hands of Rothschild, the high price of quicksilver prevented the working ot many of the interior silver mines in various parts of the world, and ther pure oF mixed with | plan offourtees: alluvial deposit, in stopped all the industry and all the pro‘it of invest- ed capital dependent on them. We must again explain this matter, though we denounced the mo- nopoly and explained its consequences many years 10. md Quickulver has been found in some quantity in Me eerie cin Pom wi Ae Ri oy ‘ toleral ific source. ¢ political troubles o| South ‘Acserses, checked or stopped the working of the Peravian quicksilver mines, and the mines of Almaden in Spain (as we have already said.) became the principal source of supply—Stytta and Chinaas well as other countries yielding smat! quantities. When the Almaden mines tell into the hands of Rothschild, some ten or more years » the price of quicksilver became enhanced— eh other sources : supply pees no qaantity weighty enough to bree.k down the monopoly ; av Ts value woud for several years at 43, 64. the pound, or higher. The price is now, we believe, not higher then 3s. 6d. the pound—a fall of 25 per cent. And if, by the sips’ of new eapital and labor the American continent ir, the produce ot rf should be increased by the re-opening of old ne- glected mines or the discovery of new sources, we 1o see the price of quicksilver fall to | on the Pacific 18 not over 1300 miles. who have represented to us that the riches Califormia miues will have the effect of closing inferior mwwee in other countries. will lead to precisely an opposite co: d provided thew promise of yielding quicksi! snould be realized so as to lower its price, and 80: render it available for mines long audedeh ious its use by its enormous cost. We have dwelt on this extraordinary event, bee cause it may prove the prolific breeder of interest- ing chang ad events— In Commeres, intercourse and the arts, as well as im the avportiontag of wealth and political power ee distinct ive commusities. This is a critical fastidious age, which genius is nipped and eaterprise rea’ or ohstrucied tor fear of ridicule and failure. The little censors who wish to lead pallic’ platen peer about here and there till they can pick out place of satety for themselves, whence they mi shoot theirlittle arrows at boldness and intrepidi Ours is a different temper, apt to admire a Watt, Folton, a Stephenson, or a Brooke, more than a Huskisson, a Peel, or a Lioyd. We are attracted to what men do, to advance their generation on- wad in the high career of civilization ; not to the theories which,imen dream in their elosets, and then agitate the public mind to carry them out in legislation, ali the tine knowing no more about the consequences, than they kaow of the n»ppli- cation of chem cal agencies inthe moon. We ad- mire prodigtously the enterprise, promptitude, energy, and indomitable will of our transatlantic descendants. however much our moral sense may be occasionally outraged by their unscrupulous and intemperate manitestations. Aud w~ rejoice that itis stillthe Anglo-Saxon race that is des- tuned to carry the laws, language and character of our forefathers to vast countries unknown to them. What, in progressive wealth and power, England was atthe commencement of the century, the great Republic’will be at the completio, of its me- dium stage. The weakened, sleeply old giant, growlingly suffers the young giant to take fromhim, that witch he could righttully appropriate and was neceesary to his strength. What will be the end of the se things? The first stage towards that end will be very soon accomplished. We have already seem that 1t was no idle rumor put forth by the New York Herald concerning the grasp of the possession of Cuba by the United States, but that it was a de- signed avowed (though in secret) and intended to be carried into execution by its government. What does this import? That England shall have ne power where the power of the United States ought to predominate, according to the interpre tion of her rulers. How long will the ery of © All Oregon or none,” be allowed to slumb:r im the traditions of history? Just so long a¢ until the tune comes when California shall feel herself strong enough to graep all thatbelongsto Fngland in her vicinity, and no longer. Thea will England be expelled trom her North America possessions inthe Pacific, whether ‘vith or without the assent of the cabinet at Washingien. Iventsia the pas- sing course of time, demonstrate this to be the ru- ling passion of the enterprising hordes flocking to California, and such its inevitable direction. ‘There may be checks, hindrances aud _disappoint- ments in theircareer. We look strictly at the na- ture and position of the country about tobe peopled, without allowing much weight to that discove! oa which no eatisiactory celculation ean be found- ed, but which may nevertheless give accelerated force to obvious and permanent causes, when we eay that [ngland’s ascendancy in the Pacific is doomed te annihilation. Under the negligent, ob- ttinate, wmbecile rule of Eagland there ean be no | other reenlt,. The new Anglo-Saxon Republic rising up, or to rise up, in California, will be held and controlied bya tragile thread of power at Weehington ; the bond will be instantly broken on the firet attempts to check the ruling passion— that passion whieh led to the overrunning of Tex- as, the conquest of Mexico, the “grab” at Cuba, the pessession of Califoraa. Inetead of checking it, within five or ten years Washington may agaan seek to ride en its whirlwind. Rumote, by habits ot thought and action as well as by distance, from the moral influence of the Iurepean wor'd, which, notwithstanding all we muy say, exc rcises a wholesome restraint at Wash- ington, what shall etay the course of the rae passion in the Republic of Calitoraia? She wil poseess within herself all the means of wealth and power and military strength. She can see no rival on the vast shores of the Pacific, where all elee 1s- jecbleness and fragility. What can, what dare, England now say against the deliberate, th rapid, planiing of this formidable power, already in possession of the most important highway of nations, with the command of its maritime extre- mities? Atlese than one-half ot the distance, you have with great difficulty and cost crashed the Boers of Southern Africa. They had no mili apphances, no land-locked bays, no ships an steamers Or means ot constructing them, ne im- pregnable mountain fortressea; and, com withactive intelligent men of the Angle-Saxon race, entrenched by nature in a favorable position, must be reckoned as filty for ene. No, ne, having shamefully lost the opportunity, England must sub- mit to her inevitable destiny. The eimple state- ment of the question, what can England now do 10 Opposition to 1t7? involves the bitterest, and to all lovers of their country, the most painfal sarcasm on the tarnished honor of England. After all, an attempt to sean the inecrutable ways of Providence would be presumptuous; what we deplore and mourn ove1 may, for aught that we can see, be designed for the speedier extension of the laws, language, physical and moral attributes: of the Anglo-Saxon race throughout the regions of heathenism and idolatry. For such a consumma- tion—call it an abstraciion it you p'ease—we must continue to offer our humble but fervent aspira~ Sournwestern Froxtier or Tux Unrrep States. ~The boundary line between the United States and Mexico, as established by the late treaty, will soon, be detted by military posts from the mouth of the Rio Grande to the Pacific. Oa this line perhaps starting from Avetin, the capital of Texas, will be the great Southem thoroug! fare between the Eastern and Western portions of this vast re- public. The distance from Austin to San Diego The journey can be Pome easily in two months. Inno season of the year is snow on any part of the route encountered to an extent that presents the least impediment. It is equally exempt from deserts, stagnunt waters and swamps, which breed pesti- lence, and destroy so many of the pioneers in new countries. With a few fertile valleys, and some plains of passable productiveness, there is any de- sirable number of mountains and broken, sterile ridges, which are better calculated to interest the fre than the farmer. Having a mild and sa- ubrious climate, wherever permanent settlements can be made, they will be planted by hardy emi- grants from among our people, who know better then all the world beside how to subdue forests, wild beasts, and savage aborigines. On this Southwestern frontier, the El Passo del Norte is destined to become @ Very important poiat. The small town near the pass inthe mountain is south of the boundary line, and Mr. 8. Lueas, of Mise eouri, has been appointed Consul of the United States, to reside there. On the ext-nded froatier of Tsxas, we learn fro.n the Austin Demo.rat that. a line of military stations will soon be established from “Fort Washita, on Red River, ta the Presi- dio del RioGrande. ‘Oxe squadron ole ivalry will » stationed at the Tow-e-as! village, on the upper Brazos ; umother on Hamulton’s creek, near the Colorado ; four companies ot infantry at Frede- rick sbarg; two compaaies ot infantry and one of cavalry, on the Leona, where Woll’s road crosses that stream; ard at the Presidio del Rio Jrande,. three companies of infantry. San Antonio is made the interior depot, from which the above- named posts are to be supplied, and one company of cavalry avd two or three of intantry will be tioned there.” The citizens of Texas are wide awake to their interests ia turning the ude of emi- gravis to Calitoraia, through this Suuthera and most feasible land route. A new steameris baild- ing to ply between New Orleans and Galveston, with a view to reduce the fare ot eagrante, which is said to be unreasonably high at this time. The merchants of Galveston aad Houston have undertaken this enterprize. Suecess to we com- merce and business eaergy ot our young sister.— Augusta (Geo.) Chronicle, Marrh 30 ‘Tne Minera, Resources cr Atanaws —The Mob le (Ala > Herald of the 25th ult., aiter speak- tng of the valuable marble deposits found in that State, saye:--In the immediate viernity ot this quarry, iron ore of great richness, bitumious coal, simildr te that of Tusexloosa, and immense quan- tines of limestone, are f ‘his region is also finely umbered. Pine, cedar, oak, poplar, cherry, walnut, &c , suitable for cabinet furaiture, houses, mille, steamboate, ships, &e , can be ob- tamed in large quantities at accessible puiate ; all of which, put into flatboats and rafts, could be sately aud rapidly sent to market. Throughout this 1egion, too, aay amount ot water power, on the Cabawba river as weil as its tributaries, can be used for all kinds of mills and manufactones. Neither is any portion of the Union more noted for a mild, egreeable, and healthy climate ; be- sider, there is @ sufficiency of land to produce all the breadstuffé and provisions needed for a large population, Gorp.—The Western Empire, published nah, Andrew county, of the ‘oth, states, on the authority ot information derived trom mem- bere of the late Oregon Battalion, that there are as tich “gold diggings” on the Big Platte as in Cali- forma. The gold is found on the sand of the Platte, and 18 similar to that of mento. It ie in scales, similar to those § ot wheat, ma: one hal of ite tormer range. In thie way, the dis- covery of the mineral treasures of California, may of to othe: ° thes, nif nek: ver the prove tobe one oa prime! produets, This ie our answer to some hulls, and can be bent, chewed, shape. The gold of tbe Platte’ aed’ taa et v4 Sacramento 18 pronounced to be one and the same thing. The Em ays that 60 soon as the win- ter break ovarches will made trath the reports tented. bss ” ¢