The New York Herald Newspaper, April 4, 1849, Page 1

— NO. 5416. MORNING EDITION----WEDNESDAY, APRIL 4, 1849. A RRIVAL or THE PACKET SHIP NBW YORE. Thirty-six Hours Later FROM THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT. The splendid packet ship New York, Captain Lines, arrived yesterday from Havre, whenee she tailed on the 10th ult. The New York has thus had a passage of 24 days. We learn that during the late gale of the 28h ot March, she was about 100 miles to the south of Sable Island, with moderate weather. See brings Paris papers of the evexing of the ‘Sh, and Havre of the 10th ult.; and our thanks are due to Capt. Lines for his thoughtfulness in obtain- wg the latest journal: The news is annexed :— Francee The interpellations on the affaira of Italy, of which notice had been given by M Buvignier, were, on the Sth ult , breught forward in the Na- Mona] Assembly An animated discussion took place, in which M. Ledru Rollin, M. de Lamar- une, General Cavaignac and the Muieter_ of Foreign Affairs, were the principal speakers, The latter gentleman having declined making an} other statement than that the government woul ao it poveibly could to avoid war, several orders ot the day motivés were presented. The Assembly, however, adopted the order of the day, se and simple, by a majority of 97, the numbers mg 438 to 341. 5 The Lstafitte mentions a report that several eons were arrested yesterday for distributing the barracks of the troops of the garrison copies of M. Proudhoa’s journal, the Peuple. 3 The Minister ot the Interior has sent directions to the Pretects to deliver passports, for leaving France, to all Polish refugees who may apply tor them. Thry are to be given without charge, and ‘with a sufficient supply of money to pay their ex- penseatotheironuer. . About forty representatives of the people, in ad- dition to those already cited, yesterday received sammonees to give evidence before the gp Court ot Justice, at Bourges, in the sittings of 19th, 20th, and 2let of March, and the following days. The discussion in the Assembly on the Italian question was, of course, the principal topic in the columns of the Paris papers of the 9h ult.; but most of the arucles are more in the say of analy- sis than commentary. Some of the journal which support the government confine themselves to remarking that the discussion was so much time thrown away, as the only object was to cre- ate an excitement, which the red republican party will find it impossible to eflect. The mere fact, says one of our contemporaries, of the cry for war having been raised by the red republican and so- party, 18 sufficient to set all true patriots gainst it, because they are certain that the cry would not proceed from such a quarter, unlese it was hoped to bring about war abruad, in order to be the better able to carry on the work of destruc- tion athome. The journala which oppose the go- vernment, however, declare, that, although the vote of yesterday was not such as they desired, they hada brilliant triumph of reason and elo- ence. "The session of the 9th was devoted to the elec- toral Jaw. The paragraphs were adopted by which, am ase two candidates have an equal number of votes, the more aged is to be elected, pro- vided always, that he have at least an eighth of the votes cast. _ , On the proposition that the votes of sailors and soldiers should be counted in the Colonies, whea wartered there, M. Mathieu, a black represeta- tive /rom Guadaloupe, made a very sensible speech, which prodaced the deleat of the proposition. The paregraph excluding those who shall have been condemned for adultery was changed to read thore “‘ who have been condemned,” and paseed. The bureaux met on the morning of the 9th, to int thirty commissioners to nomtnate uncil ot State. There wasa good deal of ex- eitement on the occasion, but the result was that half the nun-ver were of the moderate and Bona- partiat party, and the other half of the blue repub- cane. It was rumored at the Assembly, that some an- gry scenes bad taken place between the eommitiee charged with the examination of the accouats of the provisional sere and M. Ledru Rollin and several ot the subordinate agents of that go- verpment. sas me 3 The International, ot Bayonne, of the 6:h March, states that Cabrera wascollecting his forces at Bor- reda._ He had caused the Baron Abella and two of hi jends to be shot tor having persuaded the ca- becilia Tristany to abandon the Montemolinist cavee. He was levying contributions on the in- habitants cf Cardoue, Vich, Solgona, and other places. The incurgent chief Marsal ‘bad caused three gendarmes, who fell into his hands, to ke executed. The affair between General Narvaez and M. Rios Rosas was brought toa satisfactory conclu- sion by mutual explanations, in the Spanish Cham- ber of Deputies, on the 2d. General Zareo del Valle had returned to Madrid from his mission to the Courts of Vienna, Berlin, and St. Petersburg. He tailed at the latter, the Czar having refused to Te se Queen leabella. Aletter from Barcelona of the 8d, states, on that dey, an insurgent band boldly advanced near to the eitadel of Montjuich, and remained for three houre, taking the horses from the carts that happened to 88. “fi Italy. : By acireular of the Minister of the Interior of Rome, dated the 25th ef Feb., addressed to all the Presidents of Provinces, shes. are informed that deepotiem threatens the soil of the republic on every quarter; thet the Austrians attempt invasion on the side of Ferrara, and the Bourbon of Naples menaces the southera frontier, with the willing consent of the Pope. Hence they are directed, besides taking the usual precautionary measures, te sound the toscin at the first appearance of the enemy, and to keep the National Guard in readi- ness to be mobilised at the first approach of dan- ger, while the central goverament, on its part, | employs all the regular troops it can diepose of for the same purpose. The Postivo of Rome states that the prisons of the Holy Office have been visited by tle authori- ties, and the prisoners set at liberty. Among them were a Bishop of Egygt, condemned under Lee XII, whose legs were nearly paralyzed from the length of his confinement, and two nuns, who have been placed inaconvent. Tne forced loan is decreed in the following proportions, with in- come :—From 2 to 4,000 ecudi, one-fitth ; trom 4 to 6,000, one-fourth ; trom 6 to 8,000, one-third ; from 8 to 12,000, one-half ; and from 12,000 up- wards, two-thirds. The payments are to be ef- fected, either in coin or gold and silver effects, in three rates; the interest is fixed at 5 per cent.— The loan will be represented by small notes pay- able to bearer, and to be redeemed ut the end of three years. ‘Phe inventories of the monasteries and religious houses are actively proceeded with, and, all the moneys existing in the public coffe: and belonging to the mertmain, are sequestrate: im favor of the State. The A/ba, of Florence, of the 2d of March, states that the Tuscan troops have occupied the important defile of Lerrsi, on the Modepere frontier, and that every other important pass of the mountains 1s now guarded by a sufficient force ef the line, the velites and artillery. The Perdmontese Grzctte of the 5th states that General Paulet hasbeen named Minister of War at Palermo. La Patne, of the %h, evening edition, 8a} 8 that a shght skirmish had taken place at Epitafio, on the frontier of Naples, between the advanced posts of the Neapolitan and Roman troops. Cardinal Antonelli, pro-secretary of the Sove- reign Pontiff at Gaeta, has addressed, in the name of his Holness, a note to all the foreign powers — This note, dated Feb. 18, relates the hietory of all the events which have taken place inthe Reman States from the advent of Pius 1X. to the Pontifi- cate down to the present time, invokes in favor of the Holy See the moral intervention of several powers, and especially the armed mtervention of four Catholic powers—Spain, France, Austria aud the two Sicilies. _ The Monstore Romano of Feb. 25, had declared in \t8 uvofficial columns that the French Secretary of Legation at Rome had harangued the people of that city from the Capitol on the oecasion ef the Anniver of February 24, and that he had pro- » tested against the Austrian latervention, and pro- claimed the intimate union of the Irench and Roman Republice. This assertion 19 tormally corrected by another journal, ot the same city. The French diplomatiet pever pronounced the words attributed to him. A | 000fr. ot notes in circulation. deputation of the Circo! Popolare appeared at the ciety on the day mentioned, but did not find the Secretary at home. Rome, The Contemporaneo, of Kome, of the 23th Feb., states that General Zamboni, accused of consmra- cy agaipet the republic, bas been transferred from e Governmeat Pulace to the Castle of St. Angelo. A +kirnreh is eaid to have taken place, on the 2ith of February, et the Estaffio, on the Roman fron- uer, between the Neapolitan outposts and the Rv- man troops. Military preparations are go ng on, and forces are daily sent to the frontiers of Lom- bardy and Naples; government, save the Contem- poranco, intending to invade the Neapolitan terri- tory, and exeite a revolution there. In the sitting ef the 27h, the Constituent Assembly decreed the abolition of the Holy Office. Naples. Some of the Pesth and Frankfort journals men- tion that a rumor was current in those cities of the Emperor of Russia being about to +end a large mi- litary force to the aseistance of the King of Naples, and ‘it was even said that the troops had entere Galliera, on their wer to Italy. This rumor ia, however, too improbable to merit the least credit. Hungary and Poland. oe Letters from Vienna, in the Cologne, Rhenish, Frankfort and Brussels journals,confirmm the report of Cracow having again risen in insurrection, and add that it had, in consequence, been bombarded. Neither date nor details aie avers out it appears order was re-established, and that five leaders of the ineurrection were hanged. The Vienna Guzette ef the 3d of March confirms the statement of the Hungarians, under Dembinski, having been defeated by Windischgratz, on the 26:h and 27th of February, at Kapolna. The Bersenhalle oi Berlin announces that exten- sive movements of troops towards the Potish fron- tiers are being made in Russia, and that the for- tresses are being stocked. Austria, In a communication oa the Italian question, In the Presse, we find the following:—**We learn from a certain source, that the court of Austria has just addressed a circular note to all the European powers, the object of which is to protect the “ights of reversion and succession guaractied to the house of Austria by the treaties of 1725 and 1735, ae well as by Art. 100 of the fiaal act of the Congress of Vieuna, relative to Tuscany. The terms in which the note is drawn up do not permitat to be doubted that the Imperial cabinet, whilst making ite re- serves respecting the recent political convulsions of which Tuscany has been the theatre, does not 1n- tend, at least for the present, to intervene by arms in that country. It appears that Austria, before se- riously occupying herselt wath the affairs of Tus- cany, desires to terminate the Hungarian war, in order to be able to act subsequently with all possi- ble energy beyond the Alps.” wee Sardinia. a In the Cae the Chamber of Deputies of Tu- rin of the 8d, Deputy Purela addreased a question to Ministers concerning the entrance of trom 5,000 to 6,400 Modoneee and Austriansinto Tuscany, and the application for intervention said to have been made to the Cabinet of Turin by the provisional government of Tuscany; addisg that he hoped such applicatica would be complied with. Minis- ter Sineo answered that he had received no official anpouncement of the entrance of the Austrians in- to Tuscany, but that having recently received die- patches trom the Piedmontese frontier on that side, which are silent on the subyect, he had every rea- fon to believe that there was no foundation in the rumor. Germany. On the Sth of March the National Assembly of Franklort re-elected M. Simson, President, and MM. Beseler and Kirchgessner Vice Presidents. M. de Save then gave seme explanations re- epecting the notice by Denmark for the cessation ot the armietice of Malmoe. The result of these explanations was, that the negotiations com- menced at London willbe suspended, until the Central German goverarsent shall have obtained adelay of a certain time, during which both par- ties shall agree that hostilities cannot be re-com- menced, notwithstanding the cessation of the armistice, le Gagern added, that the Ger-* man plenipotentiary would conhne all his exer tions to obtain this concession. With respect to the entrance of the Russians into Transylvania, M. de Gagern declared that he had not been able to obtain any explanation from the Austrian cabi- net. " Markets. Panis Bounse, March 8, 3!; P M.—A mumber of alee, to realize profits after the marked advance in oon yh funds for some days past.as well as the in- tell! Roman have risen 1f., olosin; 68)f. For the end of the month, Fives are 450, lower. closing at 83¢ 650.; 88f. 25e.; and Threes 400.. at 88f. 600. aleo show lower prices. Northern have fallen 8f. 750., Havre 1¢f , the two Versailles lines 7f. 600,, Marseilles and Vierzon 6f 25c , Bordeaux and Rot Orleans and Boulogne 2f. 60c., Strasburg and Nantes If. 250, Maroh 9, two o’olook.—The Five per Centsare at Sbir. 500. ; Threes, 55fr. ; Bank Actions, 2,380fr, The report of M. Goudohaux on the ‘budget of re- ceipts was ted tothe Diy. It je fil ry of the fin ft n- try, carriva back as faras1814 It concludes in favor of the adoption of the proposed budget, afterstriking out it of 136,000,000 francs. resulting from the with- ef the la jived from per- ritanoes, the reduction of tl obable deficit in the re- ceipts from the forests. The total of the ways and meeps will amount to 1.411 000fr., including the 168,060 LO0fr of the Sipking Fu 1d the 20.000, 000fr. ef the Lox: leporabie. propored budget of ations for oredite amounts to 1,667 000 00ttr. ficit, unless there be some + 702.058 691f 910. 1702 668,691f. 91c. nereared not less than 9.000 000 of which 7.000 600 are for Paris, and 2.000.000 jor the Trovinces. The discount accommodation has een increased about 1,500 000 in Paris, and diminished 00 in the branch banxe Thi jount of pro- Habdilities, creased somewbat more than500,000fr , being 400 000fr. Jersin Paris, and 1.000.000!r. in the country. The ac- count current of the treasury has advanced 7 000,000fr. ; the amount now bi i1lfr. The wholeameant of the metallic 12,500,0001r. to 421 500,- ve Marxets, Marci 10 —The sales and impor- 8 for the week, are as follows.— Imports, 1 380 bales from New Yerk per Duchess d'Orleans; 246 do. from ju Prince—1,626 bales in all. Sales- 601 bales New Orleans, low quality to ordinary fe at 69,50 to $2.40; 102 do. to deliver per Pyramid, T. Q . at 69 00; 680 do. per Columbia, T. Q , at 71.00; 387 do. Mobile. to ordimary. 7.50 @ 77 50; 264 do. to de liver p 50; 260 do. to deliver Ff. Depan, at 278 do. Georgia, low to good ordl- Bary, at 68881; 260 do. Pernumbuco, good ordinary, at 50; 429 do. Cumana, do. at 72 50; 246 do. Hayti, at 66 00- 4.677 belesinall The cotton market has geme- very calm this week, the actual rales have, on the average, been about 400 bales per day. Those iver, which we have givon above, have been mostly made abcut the latter part cf February. On Saturday, the scarcity of elassified lots sustained the prices. but the sample rooms being better stocked, e fra! 14 the small lote sold since same decreased price. The waut of news from the United States, per steamer, (which only came to band yesterday.) has contributed chiefly to cause a stegnation in mercantile affairs, and though the news now received has been looked 8 favora- bie, it bas not. wp to the present time, imparted impulse tothe market. Moreover. it is desired to know this news will bave in Liverpool, before fresh its. However, it is stated to deliver ” have been and that ‘im de- or expres: im the article. Our stock bas not varied much, this dey, however ; it is from 1,100 bales to 2,000 below that of last weex—about 19000 baler im all, Cones 67,600 om the 10th Mareh 1848, and 45,000 in 184’ P S.—The eales at be aibalies thinweek. The American declined im price, from 65 to the 60 kilo- There have been some tranractions in rice beginning of the week, vis.: 121 tleroes Carolina cold im three lots. at frem 52f 50 to 27¢ 50 the 50 kiio- { 71 tieroes, e artiole, has brought Qf, 8) left Ne Vouk om the 81! at 26f. The brovght 129 there half tierce rice 1d more firmly at 41f 50 to 42f. 50 the 60 kilogrammes. There is nothing to be raid about other qualities. Wh. onn.— Nothing toremerk. Prices are sus- taiped at from 237f 50 0 240f the 50 kilogrammes for porth ined be Ot rovtherm bone our mar- Ret te bare, and quotations mominal, Canada and Cuba. [From the Wastingtoa Unioa, April 1.) TBE CUBA NEGOTIATION, The whole country, and doubtless the whole of Christendom, understands the importance of the island of Cuba to the trade commerce of the United States. Leaving out of view the great fern'ity and vast productiveaess of that isliad, and considering its geographical position alone, no one cap fati to perceive that the government of the United States is compelled to look with a watchful eye upon the possession of that colony. It is the key of the Gult of Mexico. | It is the key of the mouth ot ‘the Mississippi. It is the key of the immense valley which now contains more than six millions of habitants, drained by the Miesiseippi and its tributaries, most tertile portion of the globe. Its re: exhaustless. Not only cities, but State: as it by magic, aleng its waters and in it and the day ie not fur distant when it will contain @ populat: greater than the population of the whcle continent at the present time. The com- merce of this vast and fertile region, stretehing trom the Alleghany to the Rocky mountains, and from the northern lakes to the confines of Mexico, must empty itself into the Gult. But then ithas not reached the markets of the world. Even then it_ may be said to be landlocked and confined. The broad ocean must be reached betore it 1s free to-epread its sails and dircet its course without re- straint. in this point of view, the channel be- tween the Florida reet and the coast of Cuba may be termed the key, ney, the mouth of the Missis- sippi. And commanding that “ moutk of the Mis- sitsippi” 1s the island oft Cuba, one ot the most fertile countries on the globe. The nation that holds that island is at peace with the United States, and our vessels pass it freely and without tear. But this may not be always the case. Transter thatisland to some ‘ped maritime power, and in case of warshe will hold, to a great extent, the keys of the Mississippi. 2 Spain has suffered trom faction and intrigue.— She 1s now comparatively poor and impoverished, and her government 1s weighed down with indebt- edness ; and from time to time rumors have come acrors the waters that other nations had fixed their eyes upon Cuba. Even in the English Par- liament the idea was broached ot seizing upon the northern coast of Cuba, and holding it 4s an in- demnity for the heavy deb:s which ate alleged to be due from Spain to the subjects of Great Britain. This question was deemed to be a matter of vast aud vital interest to the people oj the United States, The attention of the late administration was na- turally aroused to such movements ; and it would have been criminally indifferent to every call of duty and of patriotism, had it folded its arms apd re- mained ipactive when the great danger threatened us of Greut Britain wresting from Spain the only sufficient outlet of all the commerce, too great tor human calculation, which must soon float upon the Gult of Mexico, and aiong the Gult stream, to the markets of the world. The American people would have said with one voice that this consum- Mation should never be eflected, and that a war with the Mistress ot the Seas must be entered into, if it were the col eee of warding off the im- pending blow. We do not profess to know what were the instructions that were given to our Mi- mister at Madrid. But we ean very easily con- ceive a situation of things in which it would have become the duty of the United States to say to him that, though we are pertectly content to leave Cuba in the possession of Spain—though we have not tlie slightest desire to intertere with her rights— though we should eerer it should remain in her hande, asit has hithenio dono=tets af her necessities or her policy should prompt her to part with it to any other power there be wy danger of its passipg into other hands—into the hands of any great maritime power, ot Great Britain, for example, whose powerful squadrons might control our western commerce through this island—we should be willing to seund Spain, and know upon what terms we could obtain tne island. Had it then been ascertained that there was any danger of the Spanish government intending to cede that island, immediately or eventually,'to Grext Britain, in payment of the bonds which were due to the Bnish government, or to British subjects, or even to exchange Cuba for Gibraltar, there can be no doubt but that the late administration should have made every eflort to forestall Great Britain, and to sound Spain about the purchase of Cuba. Thisis certainly no new course for us to adopt. It may be considered asthe standing policy of our people; and we may add, our government. Witness the inetructions which were given by Mr. Forsyth in 80M 5 1810, as refer to by General Cass in his speech on There was then a supposition that England was attempting to obtain the island, and it was then that the Secretary. of State addressed his instructions to our minister. A similar rumor year; and without protessing to know what passed, we can very easily conceive that it might become the daty of the late adminis. tration to ask the Spanish government if they were determined to part with the island, upon what terms we could obtain it. The administration could scarcely have done less under the eircum- stances, & ? And we have all seen from the late official dis- cla‘mers ot the Spamieh minister that they never considered a negotiation had taken place at all. It our administration had failed in that duty, then would uot the American people have arieen like one man, to prevent England trom obtaining a contuolling influence over the destinies of this continent? It has not only been the policy of our government in times past, but the desire o1 our people, up to the present moment, to revent, at every hazard, any foreign nation fom gaining such a footing in America as to jeopard our interests. Europe and Asia may rule the Old World as they may see fit to do, and ovr government will never interfere. But then the Umted States claims the right to guard its own destinies ; and while avoiding entangling al- jiances with foreign nations, they will never, but in an evil hour, fail to exclude toreign powers trom obtaining such positions on owr continent, or in its immediate neighborhood, as will enable them to cripple our commerce and shape as they nlease our future history. That the British government has entertained the desire to bring Cuba uader her déminion 18 sufficiently proved by the debates in the British Parliament on the Spanish debt. Even Mr. Reynolds, the discarded secretary ol legation, does not deny it. On the contrary, he informs the country that after examining, in person, the for- tresses of Cuesta and Gibraltar, and atter obtain- ing cther rare and valuable intormation—even he thought that the rumors of an exchange ot Gibral- tar for Cuba should receive particular attention. TNE STATE OF THE PROVINCE—ITS PAST AND PRESENT CONDITION, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. [From the praying, bees Spectator, March 28,] |AMILTON, March, 1849, , Sim—The Montreal Courier has taken the lead ia openmg its c: Jumns to the free discussion of the propriety of our immediately asking England to Telease us from our allegiance, im order that we may treat with the United States for admission intothe Union. | rejoice at this circumstaoce, and trust that the press of Upper Canada will show an equal degree of. liberality, in aflording to those entertaining conflicting views on this subject, the opportunity ot calmly and constitutionally dis- cussing its ments. A writer in the Courier, over the signature ot “ X. Y. Z.” recommends the ealling of a convention to bi bout a peaceable separation from England, annexation to the St porns mind, both in E y preparing ieelt for such a change. And inks that “that which men talk may just as well appear im a newspaper as not.” [ ¢ with the Courzer in this, and trust that now thata be of such vital importance to the pre- sent and future prosperity of Canada, has become oue ot public discussion, itmay be deal witht ina manner becoming its gravity. All empty decla- mation about abstract principles should be avoided and bined ae ars rooms the pi as well as everything of a personal nature, e live in an age when great constitutional questions, like that whieh I propose to discuss, should be settled by moral, rather than physical force. Everything, therefore, calculated to lead to the latter re should be carefully avoided, and sedulously ex- cluded from the columns ot every respectable jour- nalin the province. The love ot good order and con- sututioal government hitherto manifested by those from whom the present movement has ema- nated, will, I trust, afford a guaranty that it shall be carried on within strictly constitutional limite. Whuilet I agreee with the correspondent of the Courter in the necessity of the measure, I think him premature in pointing out the manner tor its accomplishment. A convention may hercafter become necersary, unless the object can be at- tained by oct the question the turning point at the next general election, and leaving it for the Legislature to consummate. Meantime, betore ion be taken, the subject should be dis- ussed, and thoroughly understood by the commu- nity, in order that something hike unanimity ma: be obtained. It has been long admitted ‘onal hi ard by men of all part as wellas the prese, both in England and Canada, that these colonies cannot alwaye remain ndages of the Bniueh crown, or that thear separation was merely 8, and alleges that the jand and here, is rapid! the Courter 1 &@ matter oftime. When so much has been con- ceded by all, surely there ean be no impropriety in discussing: the question in the menner I have peived ovt, Iam one who thinks that that time a8 arrived,—that circumstances exist, which I shall endeavour to point out, that render the pro- d chabge in our national relations imperative, in order to secure the prosperity and happiness of this country. — ’ The necessity of our having a settled and per- manent form of government established, that shall create confidence in the minds of menof all classes, both at home and abroad, 1s every day torcing ut- self upon us, The entire absence of any thing ap- proaching confidence in the stability of our insti- tutions, oenstitutes the whole secret of our mistor- tunes. For twenty yeara, Canada has been the subject for politicians of every shade to experiment upon. During this long period it has been the the- atre of unceasing agitation, ending on one ocea- s10n in opemrebellion. However pertinent to the question now before the public a sketch of these incessant and sickening dissensions might be, it ig not my intention at present to draw even a brief picture of them, They are too deeply graven on the memory of every Canadian to require enu- meration. Every man in the Province must be deeply impressed with the neeeseity of polizical uietude and repose, in order that the energies of the habitants may be properly directed to the de- velo; ement of the Vast resources which the country possesses; r It is only by contrasting our condition with that of surrounding countries, approaching nearest to our own in climate, soil, geographical posi- tion, that we can arrive ata just appreciation o our progress in civilization and wealth. Let ua, then, for a moment, turn our attention to these countries or States, and see how the matter stands. We cross an imaginary line, or river, and find our- felves at ence in aland teeming with an active, busy population, full ot life, energy and enterprise, —a land full of large cities and flourishing towns, suported by manufactures of every description, and travereed in all directions by railroads—those indispenteble aids to wealth, civilization and hap- piness. We re-cross to our homes, and behold a country rich in all that nature and Providence can bestow, languishing like a sickly intant, defi- cient in all the elements of advancement to a heal- thy and vigorous manhood. On ene side of the river we see the sites of flourishing towns and cities, indicated by columns of smoke rising from numerous factories, where the steam engine is aiding human indus‘ry by its gigantic powers, in producing the elemenis of human happieas. There, by means of the same power applied upon railways, we see passengers and merchandise conveyed with inconceivable-speed from place to place, equalizing the value of lands, produce and merchandise over the whole couatry. Oa the other eide of the same river we see nothing but miserable ee and hamlets, mostly the progeny ofa system of emuggling, formerly fostered by high duties and injurious restrictions. Here, the absence of railways affords to the business man and the traveller the choice between staying at home and neglecting his interests for weeks and monthe, until the sun ehall dry up the roads or the navigation shall open, or of being dragged for dreary days and mghts in a comtortless stage coach, over muddy roade. This, every persea acquainted with our fronuer must admit, isnot an exaggerated picture of the two sides ot in line.— The questions then arise, why all this difference inthe condition and characteristics of the two countries? Are they not inhabited by the same Trace of people, speaking the same language, as to Upper jada, and geverned by laws ang institu- tone derived from the same common souree? Do We not possess a climate and soil equal to any, and superior to most, of the neighboring States!— I hold that the only rational answer to these ques- tions isto be found im the fact that the United States possess a settled and well detined govern- ment. The stability of their insiitutions affords the best guaranty for security to life and property; whilet the gcvernment and institutions of On a are regarded in Europe, and especially in Engi , as unsettled, and in a state of transition. The nt of confidence, as I before observed, is the grand secret of this unfavorable contrast which da and the States. This is the reaseo why we é no manufactures, no rail- Reid & comparative! thia population. This itis that causes the best classes of Englishmen to settle onthe other side of the line, and gives to Americal in almost unlimited cemmand of En- giish capital, that places American government securities at a premium of ten per cent. in the English market, whilet those of Canada are reject- ed as unsafe and worthless, unless indorsed by the Imperial government. __ ‘he remedies for the evils under which we la- bor, of a went of fixedness or stability in the poli- tical institutions of the country, Intherto applied have been numerous, but thus far they have proved total failures. ‘The last of these—the union of Upper and Lower Canada—is likely to turn out the worst of all. Without resorting to one which I now regard as inevitable and near at hand, there are'two, which have not yet been tried, and which have their advocates. These are representation in the Imperial Parliament and a federal unton of all the British American colonies. For the first of these plang, 1 regard the time as past, even if there was the remotest chanee of its being conceded by England. Under the old colomial system, when Biitein afforded her colonies protection tor their produce and timber in her markets, such a system would have been wise, and would doubtless have extended the period of their connection with the payentstate. But, from some cauee or other, the scheme for colonial representation in the British Parlument, though often and ably urged, never re- ceived much support in England; and now that the colomal system has been abandoned, without a thadow of hope fora return to it, even could it be désired, now that I’ngland has placed us oa pre- cisely the fame footing us foreign nations, it would be neeless to poseees it. The mutual bond of inte- ret no longer exists, and without mutuality of » such representation would be just a8 ab- turd a8 to desire to send representatives to Paris, orany other European legislature. The second proposition, which has also had its advocates, would not in any degree remedy our pellicn, The very arguments urged 1n its favor, regard as the strongest reasons against its adop- tion. The chief end sought to be attained by the friends of this project, 1s the destruction of French onality in Lower Canada, or rather the de- structien of French influence in the Legislature and councils of the country, by bringing together an overwhelmin whl os of British influence and feeling. In the first p lace, the principle is unjust in iteelf. The idea of uniting far distant colonies, having no common interest, in order to desiroy French nationality, appears to me not only unju: but extremely aboard You might as well rth representatives from the British West Indies, or any other distant poeecsxion, if the chief object be to swamp French influence and destroy French ascendancy in the government. It this he a lead- ing object, es stated by the Courier, for a federal union, better consummate it at once, by an in- crevse of members from Upper Canada. But I can- Not perceive in what way the British race in Low- er Canada would be benefitted by such federal union. Local legislatures would ‘still be requir- ed, and Upper and Lower Canada would each have its own, with all the machinery of a local government, The Courzer asserts that a federal union would lessen the expenses of govern- ment, but does not show us how. Acco! ing to all sound principles, the expenses of government must necessarily be greatly increased, for each rovince would have, in addition to maintaini jocal gevernment, to contribute largely towari the federal government. If our expenditure is, therefore, to be increased, and the Britisn inhabi- tants of Lower Canada left more at the mercy of their French neighbors then at present, I should like to know what good is to come of this propored umon of all the North American Provinces ? Having thus hastily glanced at our past and pre- sent condition, the facts may be summed up under afew general heads. Ist. Thirty years of incessant agitation has de- stroyed all confidence, both at home and abroad, in the stability of our government and institutions. 2d. The want of such confidence has retarded our progress in prosperity and wealth, as compared with olker countries, ejealy: or Jess tavered than our ewn 3d. The th thin, Vi Gennehannch ts ogress at all, namely, the protection a! is ike markets of Togland, under the old Co:onial tystem, has been taken from us, without the hope of restoration. pa 4th, All the changes and projects, hitherto and up to the present time adopted, for the purgoss of giving etubility to our government, and creating confidence at home, and in the minds of capitalists end othere in England, and elsewhere, have proved utterly abortive, or rather, have precipitated mat- ters trom bad to woree. 5th. The propositions for a eolonial representa- tion 1p the Imperial Parliament, and for a federal vpion of the North American Provinees, are both equally inadmiseavle and inadequate to produce the desired ree x py of this Colony have 6th. The loyal reluctantly been for the conclusion that our cennection with the Parent State must at some period or other come to a termination, or, 11 other words, thut eparation is merely a matter of time. In my next, and succeeding letters, which I pro- pose to write as Tenn find time frem arduous ba- Finess engagements, [ shall endeavor to show that our only hope consists in taking early and energe- tic measures tor obtaining a release from Enuluad by etrietly constitutional and peaceable means, in order that we may establish an independent gov- ernment of our own, or ask for admission into the great and prosperous confederation ot independent nations surrounding us. In pursutng the subject, | intend to be governed strictly by tne principles | have laid down, and shall not deviate from the eourse of argument which [ shall adopt, to notice any hasty or ill-natured attacks which unreasona- ble or inconsiderate parties, (and many such ex- ist in all couatries,) may think proper to make.— To such as honestly and conscientiously differ from me on thia momentous question, I would say: wait patiently till I have fuirly stated the case, as! view it, then let us argue it fairly. I do not with to lead the public to expect much in the way of fine writing, or prettily rounded periods. I am a plain man, and my time 18 almost wholly devoted te business. T shall therefore deal in plain facts and homely Janguage, and draw my inferences from obvious circumstances, 8o as to make myself understood by all, if possible. ALPua. [From the Quebec British Whig, March 21 } Tnx Rergat or THE Union.—It must be appa- Tent to every reflecting ming, that some mighty revolution is at hand im Canada. The imperial government has become so thoroughly disgusted with Canada, and all ita tempests in tea-pets, that it is on the very verge of withdrawing its troops, and allowing the colonists to go to the devil their own way. Without patronage colonies are worth- less—at least to ministers—and now, when the gooa tolksin Downmg street see that, for the future, they will have te provide for the salary of the Governor General of Canada, the beginning of the end cannot be far distant. There never was a period in the annals of the Province, when a better or more devoted spint of attachment to the British crown existed than the present ; and there never was a period when the connection between the mother couatry and its transatlantic colony, stood in more jeopardy. This is not owing to any rational cause of complaint egaynet the imperial authorities, who, on the con- trary, bave conceded far too much to the wishes ot the Provinc:alists; but it 18 due to the coaduct ot the mainistry at Montreal, who, by means of a Franco-Canadian majority, are oppressing and ty- rannising over the Upper Canadians. Bills of vital importance, deeply affecting the condition and prosperity of the Upper Canadians, are daily in- \roduced and passed intu laws, by French majori- ties, in both chambers of the Legislature, while they themeelves will not allow the Upper Cana> dians to have the slightest interference with any thing which concerns Lower Canada, Here is the great evil—the great cause oj political dissa- tisfaction. This 18 that which threatens a diaso- Junen of, the political and national tie between Great Britain and Canada. For, most assuredly, sooner than submit to French domination, the people of Upper Canada—to ueea ong forgotten expression of the lamented Judge Hagerman— “will seek about in the mind’s eye, for some new state of political excitement.” Buta simple and eflectual remedy, al some- what difhcult to obtain, 18 in the git of the Impe- nal Parliament. The repeal of the Union between Upper and Lower Canada--the political experi- ment of Lord Sydenham has be. ntried, and tailed — let it be obliterated trom memory, by an instant repeal of the Union Act. Let the people petition the Queen and the British Parlament--let them point out that ay are loyal, and attached to Bri- tish Lda pres ut that they hate French dom- nation. Let them do this in a body, and the con- sequence may be, that both Canadas will remain for half @ century to come appendages of the Bri- tigh empire. But should this effectual remedy be neglected, even for a tume, the increasing hatred 1n all men’s breasts, towards the tyranny exercis- ed by the dominant party in Montreal, may en- gender other, less Joyal feelings and attempts ; for most certainly the free-born Anglo-Saxons of the upper country, will never long allow the present state of things to continue. Our watchword, there- fore, 18 “‘Repeal of the Union.” Cou. FREMONT anp wis Company.--The St. Louis (Mo.) Republican, of the 23d ult., gives the follewing details of the intelligence relative to Col. Fremont’s company :—We stop the press, to-day, to announce the arrival of Mr. Green Jones, of our town, direct from Santa Fe. He brings with him the Santa Fe Republican of the 2d February, 1849, frem which we learn that Col. Fremont and his ity have suffered severely, and some of them fave been lost. We are gratified to learn that Col. Fremont himself is etill safe. The whole country muet and will feel a thrilling interest in the narrative we publish below, taken from the Santa Fe Republican, Feb. 2 “ We present to our readers in this week’s paper, @ communication from our correspondent at Taos, relative to Col. Fremont’s unforyunate expedition, which wall be tound below. “* Dear Hovey—From the circumstanees of those who carry this, I am compelled to be short. There 18 not much novelty, in this place, unless it 18 the successtukexcursion ef the commander ot this post, and the very unfortunate affair of Col. Fre- mont. “This enterpnsing’and experienced officer had started trom the United States for Calitormia.-- Being in the winter evason, and being overtaken by a very severe and long snow storm while pass- ing through the mountain gorge, the Colonel lost some 130 mulesin one night. Being left cn foot, the party could scarcely remain where it was, and it was deemed impossible to proceed. Finally the Colonel dispatched three men to seek some settle- ment, who, after bankai days’ absence, not return- ing, the Colonel starte: { for Taos, in company with one or two men, a distance of some 350 miles, which he made in nine days. On his arrival our ccmmander, Mejor Beall, issued an order for thirty days’ provisions for the detailed party, and mules to Gia! them, * Colonel Fremont, though much emaciated, and in feeble health, nobly resolved to accompany the succor gent out by our humane commander. The euflermgs of the party have been terribly severe, even to the extreme of feeding upon each other. Both Colone] Fremont and Major Beall certainly Gceerve great credit in the whole aflair, the one for his perseverance and humane galiantry in persisting to returo in person to the succor ot his companions im misery, and the other for the proptness and humanity with whch he ordered assistance to be rendered to the untortunate party.” The Republican adde : This news will create a deep eengation wherever it 1s read, and great will be he desire to hear the real extent of the cala- mity, We are not without hope that the report greatly magnifies the sufferings to which the party were reduced, and that some, if not all of them, may have been saved. The last direct intelligence from Col. Fremont weecoptained in letters trom himeelt and from Major Fitzpatrick, and Mr. 8. U, Lupton, to Col. Benton. This was about the Jast of November. He was then at Puebla San Carlos; twenty-five miles above the Fountain qui Bouit, on the Upper Arkansas. He purchased supplies of provisions there and fresh horses, intending to commence the ascent of the mountain. He dismounted his men and packed the horses with corn. Hs inten- tion then was to cross the mountain which lies betwecn te Arkansas and the Sierra Nevada. Two days after he left the Peubla, he was fol- lowed by two men, who wished to join his party; but as he had no need of their services, they re- turn They stated that they overtook the party when ascending the mountain through very deep snow. Col, I'remont was in edvaace, with a tew of his ablest men, breaking a road for the mules and horees. They were, when these men left, within six miles of the summit ef the mountaia, and it was considered that the most difficult part was aecome plished when they reached the top, as the descent would be much more beng Hope Tapid. Tt was Col. Fremont’s purpose, says Major Fitzpatrick, to tall immediately cn the Rio del Norte, and a conside- rable distance nerth of the New Mexican settle- ments; from which place he would steer directly for Calitornia, leaving the two hitherto travelled router, one north and the other south of him, and paseing midway between thetwo. Col. Fremont’s rly Was eomposed of about thirty persons, and he had over one hundred horses and mules. An interval of six or seven weeks must have passed, end yet it would seem that he had made tory. littte he 18 reported to have been distant bout 350 miles, when the disaster be- e sought in different quarters to get a liet of the names ef the persons who accompanied Col. Fremont in neeeioe but have only been partially succeseful. We know from his letters that Capt. Cathcart, an English gentleman, an offi- d traveller was with him as acom- pagnon du voyage, and was highly pleased with the excitement whien it afforded. He was also accompanied by Henry King, of wn, 1. C., ae Assistant Surveyor, in which capacity he had been formerly employed by three brothers the pame of Kern, of Philadelphia, two of ae ae artiste, and one asa physician ; by Preuss, an artust, ot Washington City, who was also with him on former expeditioi ind his assistant ; and by Alexander Godey ap nephew. From St. ee ve o piere bhagh r him T. E. ee ndge, Jos ‘erguson, B+njamin_ Bedell, Heary J. ‘Wire Willem Bacon ; John Scott, an Enghsbmen ; L. D Vinson Hauler, Ohio; T. 8. Martin, Tenn.: Charles Taplin. of Jackson o ., in this State ; a. voung man frem Lattle Fort, lil, and one from Baltimore, Md. The newe ot this disaster wi for the sofety of Lieut Beall am Fitzpatrick, writing trom Bent’s Fort, that they passed that place sixteen days later than ol. Fremont, and at a time when the weather was ex- ceedingly cold; many of the men were severely frost bitten, and the horses were much .— Lieut. Beall was bound for Calirornia, but probably ook saloee route. No tidings have reached us rom him. a. Th ter Election, The Democratic Mayoralty Convention metegain at Tammany Hall last evening, to complete the business Of nominating a candidate for the ensuing election. Francis B Cutting, to whom the nomination was ten- dered om Monday night, sent in a letter deolining the nomination, and the convention were therefore obliged to ballet anaw. On the first ballot, James Lee hed 26 voter, Myndert Vem Sohaick 25, and Peter Cooper 2. On the second ballot, Myndert Van Sohaick had 28 nd James Lee 26. Mr. Van Schaick war, there- ore, declared duly nominated by this convention. The Jobbies were crowded. When the announcement wag made that Mr. Van Sebaick had received the major vote of the delegates, and asif come magnetic infiu- ence had eperated upon the crowd, vociferous and re- Peated cheers were given, in homor of theevent. Th® cheering, however, wae not unanimous, and quite a number of the lobby members refused to be comforted. A debate, of }e, arose, but it was not of long eon- tinuance, and a looker om could not but be comvinced that approbetion was the predominant sentiment. ‘This last mover it of the demoorats is one of great. significance and import: . The two arme of the democratic army in this eity are now, in a measure, united, and will once more work together. A fellow feeling in this respect will make them wendrous kind toeach other, and may result in their final union, at any rate upon t»pice of looal interest. Mr. Van Schaick isa very popular man, and, without deabt, the most +fective candidate the convention could heve selected. The election will now be s elose ona Mr. Woodbull, the whig candidate for the Mayer- alty, is @ man much esteemed, generally, and particularly popular im his party; ® mas of tried and well knewn abilities in places of officing trust, and withal familiar with the business pertaining to the affairs of our municipal government, Even hie political opponents ecncede to him these qualidentions.’ What we bave saij of Mr. Woodhull might be repeat- ed in reference to Mr. Van Shaick, exeepting only hig familiarity, gained from experience, with theaffairs of the Corporation; but, as an offset to this, the last named gentleman has served in the State Legis- lature, and hence has had ample opportunities to learn, from that experience,what corporations require. ‘We repeat that the election mutt be a close bat the citizens of New York are to be congratulated upon having in proepective view, whatever may be the result of the election.a good Meyorjand an estimableman ive officer for the mext twelve The convention to pominate a candidate for Alms House Commissioner, also assembled at Tammany Hall last evening ,and, after several ballottings, returmed as their no William P. Moss. The convention to nominate candidates for justices {the Superior and Marine Courts also met. On vot- ng for justices of the Superior Court, Mesers. Thomas W. Clarke, Joseph 8, Bosworth and Anthony L. Robert- on were nominated on the first ballot. The justices for the!Marine Court were mot 00 easily suiected, and the comvention finally adjourned without making the nominations. The vote stood as follows:—Fisrence MoCarty, 38; William Shaler, 16, U. D. Fremoh, 14; Robert D. Livingston, 13; John B. Haskine, 8; Richard Voorbies, 5. The convention will meet to-night and complete ther business. The free soll democrats have nominated but few ward officers. Theywaited untid they could learn the result of the Tammany Hall Con- vention. They may now conclude not to make separate ward nominations. We give below the nominations made up to yesterdey. Without » doubt we areon the eve of a more than usually interest! ag election. MAYOR. Whig. Democratic. Free Soil, Caleb 8. Weeahull ‘Mynd t Van schaick. My ndert VamBohatek, ALMBHOUSE COMMISSIONER. Wm. H. Lyon, Wm. P. Moss, es ALDERMEN. ae + Wee, Whig. mocr ati Pree Bois. 1—Jos ph samison. Oliver Charlie. = Z—TInsce Kelley." Jaman, Libbey, = 4—Archibeld Ball Dennis Mullina, = Joba Egan. Ba. B. shut, FM. Tihon, = i’ Petrik Kotley. Patrick Bromma, '.—Morgao a, John A. Bogert. - tt ore Beary Erten. - ee ae aM. = P..8herman, ‘Ameo F. Haifeld, Wan. B. Gage, Boe James Marriner. ar 1a—Jobn Breckrer, ‘Bichtel Walsh, + Wa doueph Basten, = = b Sieh ter a 11—Gee, BFronhiin, John Fisher, = I8—MorrMaynaré,je MW. 8 Jockom, = ASBISTANT ALDERMEN. 1—K.8. Townsend. Jcmeph L. Palmer. a Z-Nivin dr Mercer, ‘@yrua Lawton. = £=Dr. Moantister. Jooeph HL Hobdy, 5. B.G, Fonte. Chas. Francia, —- Jededuab Miller. John P. Angerine. Aira ‘B.Bavie 5 i 17—Chas. Deas. Fred A. Ridabcok, 1K—J.W.Conblim, — klohard Bumeed. JUSTICES OF SUPERIOR COURT. 18 = 14.—Wm. 8. Wood. 1 _ Viton Sohn Doe. ‘Thos, W. ¢ lerke. - Wm. W. Camptell, — Jomph8. Bosworth, = — 3.1. Maen. Anth'y.L. Roberton. = JUSTICRS OF MARINE COURT. award B. Cowles, - « dames Lyne = Sreannoat Exrosion anp Loss or Lirg.— Fhe following particulars of the fatal explosion of the steamer Virginia, near Wheeling, Va., is given im the Wheelleg Genette, a Blet et ! ie steamer Virginia, plying as a dau ket between this city and Steubenville, Ohio, wascora into tragments, her hull sinking immeunately, by the explosion of her boilers at Rush Creek, tea miles above this city, at 5 o’clock eaterday after- noon, and several, probably 8 or 10 killed. and 17 more wounded. A portion of the wounded were brought to this city last evening by the steamer Shenandoah, the clerk of which furnished us with the subjoined list of the killed, missing and wounded. It is said that the captain of the boat, Dawson, lost one ot his eyes. As almost the whole ot the boat abuve the hull was torn in pieces and the hull so shattered that it sunk at once, there can be little doubt that all the missing are dead, Mr. thei of thistcity, (glass-blower,) who lest both ot his bly it 18 said cannot probably survive maay honrs. The + xplosion toon place while the boat was landing Mr. Roe, one of the killed. He was upon the plank going ashore at the time, and his body was cut inte three pieces by the explosion. We give the facts as fully and aecurately as we can. We shall doubtless be able to give fuller de- tails on Monday. Dead—Mr. Roo, of Rush Creek. and the chamber- Bat jab tye ti baa jady, Sten! ; Mire. ofthis olt; set deegeroasly; ‘Mr. Collins, the Obio, Jeg_ bri and otherwise A Commons, of Birmingham, im Ameneny, on st Eaeioeet hare; Aithowes, Joba Tayler, lst Barker.