The New York Herald Newspaper, December 28, 1848, Page 1

’ NO. 5321. - IMPORTANT MOVEMENTS. The Great Slavery and Anti-Slavery Mect- Ings—The Separation of the Union. ‘TRE SOUTHERN MOVEMENT. [Correspondence of the Philadelphia Inquirer.] Wasninaron, Dec. 25, 1848. The convention of Southern members of the two houses of Congress, occupies much of the attention of public men here. The Baltimore American contains @ very accurate sketch of the proceedings of that as- sem! which I subjoin, with some farther par- ‘tie! Ex-Governor Metcalfe, Senator from Kentucky, pre- mided, assisted by Senator Atchison and ex-Governor Gayle, & representative from Alal ‘as Vice Prest- ‘dents; and Mr. Venable, representative from North Carolina, as Secretary. Between sixty and seventy Members of the two houses, | am informed, were present. Mr. Bayly, of Virginia, offered a series of resolutions, embracing ersentislly, in regurd to the rights of the States and the powers of the geneval Pe aad the principles of the resolutions of 1798, They do not re- t upon a firm main- commend reristance, but i tenance of the constitutio: bid of tae South, and assert the right of the people of States to resist, in such manner as they may deem proper, any uncon- etitutional act of the general government in regard to the institution of slavery. The resolutions further the appointment of a committee to draft an \dress to the people of the slave-holding States, mars- the progress of abolitionism, and not sug- ac jeaving that to be de 4 y the people of the States and the State legislatures, I Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, after some remarks, moved to refer to & committee of one member from each of the slave-holding States, to re- ort upen the whole subject involved, at an adjourned reaue. to be held 15th January ensuing. An animated debate ensued, in which Messrs. Bay- ley, Stephens, Toombs, Foote, Pendleton, Woodwa Butler, Tompkins, Chapman, Morse, Holmes, Rusk, Calncun, saa Westcott, and one or two others, whose names I haye not ascertained, participated. ‘The meeting was conducted with great order and @ecorum throughout, very little excitement ing |) and even the ultras were very moderate in the expression of their sentiments. Gen. Rusk, one ef the Senators from Texas, I pre- sume, from the information which I have received from ‘various sources, must have expressed the sentiments of the majority of the meeting. Like those of Mr. Cal- houn, bis remarks were listened to with the most pro- found attention. He said that some seemed to think that the object for which they had assembled was to inform the people of the unwarrantable steps taken within the last few days, in derogation of the rights of the southern por- tion ef the confederacy, and of the rights of the peo- ple in the District of Columbia. If this were so, the resolusions fell far short of the object intended, for they did not pretend to set out the action of the House of Representatives on these sub- jects. A true accountof that action was now travel- ing through the press to all parte of the Union, He deemed the object of the meeting to be, however, to devise some means by which to check a blind an prejudiced majority in Congress from trampling upon the constitution, and violating the constitutional rights of one half the States of this Union. ow, he inquired, was this to be effected? Was it te be the act of one, or two, or any select number of men? Was it to bethe act of one ora few States? ‘Was it tobe bene hd assion, violent language, and reeipitate action? these, if resorted to, would fait. t must be effected, he insisted, by cautious, pru- dent, and firm action, upon the part of all interested. To be of ang service, there must be unsuimity of feel- ing and action, under the guidance of patriotism and not of passion. They had just come out of a heated political test, in which they had been divided into two partie: mutual crimination and recrimination had taken place--no time had elapsed in which to pour oilon the troubled waters, ie did not wish to be understood as cond ng the resolutions of Mr. Bayly, but he thought mature to act upon them now. The call, even t: ‘was not twelve hours old, not more than two-th of the members fiom the Southern States were pr t, and action then would not only be precipitate,but » 01d be more likely to produce division than harmon) He was, therefore, obliged to the gentleman (om Georgia, (Mi te] ) for his motion to refer e resolutions, ‘There was to his mind ing them néw. The subj thoroughly in- yertigated, and the resolutions and address (ifsuchan one as spoken of ought to be adopted) should corres. pond with each other, and both be calm, just, and dig- nified, as well as firm. He hoped, therefore, the propo- sition of the gentleman from Guorgia would be unani- mously adopted. M ‘estoott, I learn, advocated the adoption of Mr. Bayly’ and ‘of his proposed eddress— confined to an historical detail of the aggressions upon the South—as all that should be done by members of Con; mad the exercise of their constitutional duty inthe two houses. He denounced, as presump- tion on their part, any attempt to dictate the mode or form of resistance. This, he contended, was the ox- elusive province of the sovereign States which are aggrieved, and of the people. The mode thus devised, embers of Congress from those States were bound to sustain, or they were fale to their allegiance. ‘Others advocated the reference of the resolutions, as proposed, on the ground, that if the action of Con- gress, at this session, consummated what was proposed, more cogent, efficacious, and direct measures should be taken by the representatives of the States here. The object of others was further time for consultation ‘The proposition of Mr. Stephens was finally agreed to with great unanimity. Moderate men, and prudent counsels, | believe, will prevail at the South. ‘The resolutions offered by Mr. Bayly, and finally referred to a committee of one from each slave State, Ilearn authentically, declare, first, the deep attach- ment of the South to the union of these States; second, that in case of the violation of the constitutional rights of any portion of the confederacy, it is the pri- vilege and the duty of the States aggrieved thereby, ‘themselves to devise the mode and measure of redress; thirdly, that in case the aggressions on the rights of the South, threatened by the recent action of the House of Representatives on the subject of aball be consummated, it will become the right duty of the slaveholding States to devise proper mea- sures to redress their wrongs. The resolutions were drawn by Mr. y himself, and | am very confident that the abstract above given, embraces the substance of them. They will not be officially published, fam assured, for some days yet, and the only true copy of them is in the hands of Mr. Bayly. MR. CALHOUN’S SPEECH. In addition to the remarks of Messrs, Rusk and ‘Westcott, copied above from the mericun, | will give you areliable sketch of those made by Mr. Calhoun, ‘whose speech was considered one of the ablest of the evening. Mr. Calhoun said:— “The resolutions of the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Bayly) are good; and coasidering§che length of time which he has had to prepare them, do him great credit But they are not pertect. They are defective in several particulars. I am therefore less unwilling to ‘agree to the motion of the gentleman from Georgia, (Mr. Stephens.) Another consideration strongly im- pels to the same couree, I am thoroughly impress- éd with the nesessity of harmonious and united action, both on our and on the part of the Southern community, | am opposed, however, to too great delay, and consequently would prefer that the committee ould report toa meeting to be held on the 10th in- stead of the 15th of January. The Legislatures of ceveral of the Southern States are now in session, and it would be well that an address should reach them in time to be acted upom by them before their adjournment. I consider the address in- Whatever action is taken, must proesed from the siayeholding States, If the constitution be Violated, and their rights encroached upon, it is for them to determine the mode and measure of redre ‘We can only suggest and advise. We are in the the » tre cf action—tne Witnesees of the alarming eneroach- which have been going on upon the rights of holding part of the confederacy. We see them ly. They are rapid and believed, even three 0, that preparations whieh have within afew ‘days past commanded the support of @ majority of the jower nouse of Congress, would have been tolerated by any respectable portion of either house Weare in the midst of events scarcel, port than those of our revolutionary era, The aa, are we to hold our porition in this confede the ground of equals, or are we to content ourselves with the condition of colonial dependence? Sir, it will ¢ worse than colonial dependence. For who would not prefer to be taxed and governed without pretence of representation, than under the forms of represen- tation to be grievously oppreseed by measures over which we kaye no control, and against which our re- monstranoes are unavailing? “It is ungeniadl the roachments upon our rights bave been rapidand alarming They must be et. Leonesive that no Southern man can entertain £: ome moment the idea of tame submission. The ac- tion of the South should pe united, temperate, but de- cided, Our position must be taken deliberately, but held atevery hazard. We wage no war of aggression, ‘We ask only for ¢he constitution, and union, and go- vernment of our fathers. We ask of our Northern brethren to leave us those rights and privileges which our fathers held, ard without securing which for their obiidren, all know they would not have entered into this Union. These we le aa, © It appears to me r that we, wi theater of action, ahbobd address our constituents of the slaveholding States, briefly and accurately portray the progress of usurpation and aggression, vividly ex- ~ Seip tne dangers which threaten, and leave it in their to markout the proper line of action, What Ta tbould be, it ts necdies here to discuss. What- aver it is, it should be temperate, united, and decided. “ Having expressed these views, I have to say that 1 make mo objection to the motion of the gentiemsa from Georgia, (Mr. Stephens) to refer the whole matter to ‘committee, to consider maturely, and re- rt tom fature meeting ; bat | would rather prefer an earlier day apr that meeting than the loth of Janua ry. 1am, above all, for union, harmony and devition, on the part of p.¢ South.” Mr Pendleton, whos those of Mr. remarks, made sometime ihoan, are eee erate ry sensibt i very effective, Ap hah acquies the resola- ollengue, (Me. Bayly.) thonch ne did not ' well like the expression 2 them—“unwasures of re- -THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1848. dress.” That seemed to contemplate that the South should watt until the wrongs been consummsted, and then undertake to redress them. He preferred rather, measures of “notice and precaution” He was willing. at once. to lay downe line, and let their Northern brethren know that they must not tra: cend it, bsequently, however, acquiesced tirely in the proposition of Mr. Stephens, of Geor; ‘The substance of Mr. Foote’s remarks I under- stand, that he was ready for instantaneous action, and = willing to vote at once for the resolution of Mr. int of difference between the members was, as to wi F this was @ proper time,for (a, go- tion. Some held that the South should wait until the measures lately threatened should become la! that they ought to resort to all constitutional means to do- feat those measures. If all these should be unavailing, then the time for separate action on the parc of the South would have arisen. Others held, on the con- trary, that action now, in the form of notice and pre- caution, was advisable. It would be they said, to lay down the line beyond which they should conceive it wrong to submut to the aggressions of the majority, to warn their Northern brethren against any aggres- sion beyond that\ine. If, afterward they resolved to make thet aggression, the responsibility of the son quences would be theirs The South, in that case would have done everything in their powe: to avert any serious discord. All sides, however, held that when the proper timeshould arrive, if it had not al ready arrived, the South should take firm and decided measures to maihtain its constitutional rights. [From the Washington Union.) ‘Woe learn there were sixty-eight Senators and Re- presentatives present. Fifteen who were in the city, were ent from unavoidable circumstances, and were represented b; ds in the meeti of the rest were absent from the city. = The details of the proceedings of the meeting have not transpired; and we understand they will not un- til they are officially published. We that Gen. Metcalfe, a Senator from ed to the cbair; Mr. V« . pointed secretary; Mr. Atchison, of Missouri, first vice mt; and Gov. Gayle, of Alabama, sesond vice After the was called upon by Gen. Foote, Committee, to explain the object of the meet- ing, and to present a series of resolutions, as a basis of its action, which, at the request of that committee, he had prepared. Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, moved to re- fer them to s select committee, composed of one mem ber from each of the slaveholding States, which should take charge of the whole subject, and report to a fu- ture meeting, appointed to be held the 15th of Janu- ary. We regret we are unable to procure a copy of Gen, Bayly’s resolutions. They will not be published until the official proceedings are given to the world. We learn they are of a firm and decided, but concilia- tory character. They ask nothing for the South but that its rights shall be respected ; but they express a firm determination to defend and protect these rights at all hazards, as the only means of preserving the Union. Strong approbation, as we are teld, was ex- pressed of them by the meeting. ‘also understand that there was great harmony. A very free exchange of opinion took Pines but in the final resolution which was adopted, there was perfect unanimity, [Washington Corr. of the Phila Bulletin.) iteps being sdorind, I have men- amber was selected for a gene: evening meeti and, | believe, with few individual exceptions, the entire Southern delegation were in at- tendance. A number ef resolutions were offered, adopted, and rejected; but the character of none has transpired to the public in anything like authentic form. I have, however, veen enabled to get a copy of a teries of resolves, said to have been concurred in by the convention, s skeleton abstract of which | append. They were, as | am informed, proposed by General Foote -— Resolved. territories ciple of nization, Gov Bayly, of one of the ist, That the South having an equal interest in th tf New Mexico and rotates io wilh ry prio. ity, to accept the terms of the Com sot of 30 dey. 90 mia. Resolved, 24, That the §South is willing that said territories thall be admitted into the Union as States, tion of constitutions, in which the subject of tupom appeal, to the decision of the Supreme Court ct the Univod States auch question to be omitted in sald eoustitation, until the decision, as aforesaid, is awarded. Resolved, 3d, That the South will accept of a bill, for territorial fovernmenis, upon the principles of the act of last scesion, in troduced by Senator John M. Clayton. Resolved, 4th, That the South will secept of the act introduced the present session, by Semator Poagiass. with certain moditica- tions, relative to appeals, as in the 2d resolution, Resolved, 5th, That the South prefers a separation of the Union to that of accepting the Wilmot proviso, and the faith of ai the pw of the bayonet. ol yed, ag tals te wnaaineus a 4 sense of this meeting, representing the South.” If I could assert tively that these resolutions were really adopted, they would show conclusively that any compromise would be “ thankful'y ra ther than be driven to the alternative of accepting the so. At all events, the fifth paragraph par- takes strongly of Southern humor, and tends to give point and wit to the whole series. I have no doubt they formed a portion of, and were incorporated in, the proceedings of the evening. Governor Met- calfe was chairman upon the occasion. [From the Philadelphia Republic. ANTI-SLAVERY CONVENTION IN THE ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS. At the opening of the convention, J. M. McKim, on behsif of the Committee on Petitions, presented the following drafte of petitions, stating that they were adapted to various classes of the people. and with their various opinions and desires. ‘These petitions were afterwardsadopted, and ordered to be printed for cir- culation 1. To the Senate and House of Representatives, in Con- gress assembled: ‘The petition of the undersigned inhabitants of —— county, in the State of Pennsylvania, respectfully asks that you will pass a law for the immediate abolition of slavery in the Distrist of Columbia. 2. To the Senste and House of Representatives, in Con- ress assembled : tition of the undersigned inhabitants of —-. County, in the State of Pennsylvania, respectfully asks that you will, by # change of the Constitution, or otherwise, take such measures as will either abolish ghout the United States, or relieve the people of Pennsylvania from the responsibility of aid- ng in its support. 8. To the Senate and House of Representatives, in Con- re: emblea : e, the undersigned, inhabitants of Pennsylvania, believing that the Federal Constitution, in ple the strength of the whole nation to the support of very, violates the divine law, makes war upon hu: rights, and is grossly inconsistent with republi principles; that its attempt to unite freedom and sla very in one boas pailtie has already brought upon the country great and manifold evils, and has fully proved that no such union can exist, but by the sacrifice of free- dom to the supremacy of slavery + respectfully ask you to devise and propose, without delay, some plan for the immediate and peaceful dissolution of the American Union, 4. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Pennsylvania : The undersigned, inhabitants of Pennsylvania, re- spectfully ask that you will take measures to amend the ‘onstitution of the State so as to procure to all its citi- zens, otherwise duly qualified, the right of suffrage, without regard to complexion. ‘The encouraging news from Congress, 50 clearly re ported in this motning’s Republic, was read and re- marked upon to the convention by Mr. McKim, asa new incentive to activity and promptness in the circu- lation of petitions for the abolition of slavery. ‘The resolutions offered by C. C. Buateiau, upon the free soil party, were the next topic of discussion. Tromas Wuitson, of Lancaster county, said that the free soil party were responsible for the government un- der Gen. Taylor as truly as they would have been under Van Buren. The parties and their members hsve all virtually agreed to support, as their President, the candidate who should be elected. The free soil voters entered the game on this condition. If they succeeded, the whigs were to sustain their candidate. Ifthe whigs succeeded, they must adopt the whig government as their own government. | Inthe parable of the scripture, the act of benevolence to. the poor, the oppressed, the suffering, is recognized as done to Jesus himself—" In- asmuch as ye have done it to the least of these my brethren,’’ was his declaration, “ ye have done it unto me.’ Yet im the capital of this Christian country, Drayton and Sayers are imprisoned for an act of Chris- tian kindness. Dees the denunciation of the parable, “ Depart, ye cursed. -for inasmuch as ye have not done Jeast of toese, ye have not done it to me,” thing! What will it avail, when we to answer for our conduct, before Heaven high chaneery, to ray that the constitution or laws r. quired. us to return slaves? All political part: engaged to sustain the constitution. If slavery overthrown, whether by the abolition or alteration of the constitution, it must be done by the doctrine that the constitution, in sustaining slavery, isa violation of Saas Lege poe las he constitution is so altered ery, we on! ntl: yote—not till then. TI "dell pany, like the Tes: pectable ram tavern, throws out enticements to wrong doing. It is inducing abolitionists to join @ pro.slavery government. Under no nam wakie pro-elavery constitutio: Henny Gn eu re can we consistently principle, and o did lay not the slavery where it now exists Our duty to oppose slavery everywhere is a# obligatory a4 the duty to love man We are depriving three millions of men a foot o roll in the whole land to stand upon, and the free soil party is @ party to sustain the constitution which does this, Tell me not of the privileges granted by the con- stitution to the white man ; | demand the same for the colored man, | believe the United States constitution hed in the Court ot Heaven the moment of its proel tion on earth. Men say, work under it till we can get @ better. “Cease to do evil” is the first duty—the only way to“ learn to do well.” ’L Kemoxp did not intend to defend the free soil or their platform, or to main- noy in voting the State free foil tleket tm Mi the party, for tl doing. He tho tioning made men would not vots for States governme ot churetts acknowls voted the State tio. Masrachusetts declare that they will never give up till slavery is abolished thromg out the country, Has not party te rr ai officers because, the United that movement done much to bring the paople to act rightly on slavery? Witness the recent action of Con- Let us do them justice. his former remark, that ths Its motto is, ‘They wish to extend which makes the sla very State to ms what? “ Establish justice’’—with the destroyers of the marriage institation, to “ promote domestic tranquili ty;” with the worst enemies of human rights, to “ pro- mote the general welfare.” And how have they pro- moted it for fifty years past? With the most d of tyrants, to “secure the blessings of liberty sel Be ee ity.” What could be more absurd? ‘As well unite with thieves to promote honesty, or pi- rates to secure virtue, Wm. B. Tuomas thought the convention should bi the free soil men notice that it bagged . id that Mr. Van Buren believed the constitution did require the return of fugitive slaves, would use his power, if elected, to enfurce the pro- vision. ‘Men voting for him made him their agent to do this. ‘The discussion was further continued by Remond, Bias, Burris, and others. In the afternoon, speeches were made by C. M. Bur- leigh, B. Rush Plumly, Wm. W. Brown, and others, on the progress ef the cause Tros, Eanie, passed some strictures upon the cause of the Anti-Slavery Society. Mrs. Morr urged that we press forward to higher prineiples, rather than yield to the seductive entice- me nts of expediency to lower them, “New occasions teach new duties, ‘Time makes olden good uncouth; ‘They must upward still and onward, ‘Who would keep abreast of truth.” Let us side with reform when we “ share its wretched crust,”’ and the greater will be our blessing. ‘The resolutions on the progress of the cause, and those upon the free soll, party were, adopted, and the following offered by J. M. MeKim, also passed unani- mou: Resolved, ‘That, the incarceration of Captaizs Drayton and Sayres, ot the schooner Pearl, in the United States as at Washington, fot their praiseworthy attempt to rescue from sla- very seventy-seven of their fellow-beings, ta a deep and damning dirgrace to the country, while at the same time itis an instructive comment on the professions which this nation is daily making ot regard for equal justice and liberty. Resolved, Thai this convention deeply sympathia:a with these martyrs in the cause of liberty, and confidently hones that the change which is now going on in public sentiment, expecially ia Teqardl to slavery and tho slave trade in the Dlatrict ot Columbia, will have the effect of opening thelr prison doors and restorin Shem to the enjoyment of literty and the bosoms of tule berenve families. The resolutions on free produce were laid on the table, and those on land reform, on motion of their mover, Mr. Rosenheim, were indefinitely postponed, andthe convention pigerned, its friends evidently highly pleased with its character and resuits. Thou- ands of people in Philadelphia little know how much be have lost in not attending itsfree and able de- Weather.’ Another Snow Storm.The vigation, dc. The weather yesterday, unlike the day previous, was gloomy and unpleasant. At an early hour the face of the sky was covered with heary clouds, which por- tended an approaching snow storm, About half past ten o'clock the snow began to fall gently, but ina very short time it came down thick and fast, which continued without abatement until about five o’clock, the snow then being about four inches deep. The op- port nity was ly embraced, and the merry sleigh sounded their approach from every quarter. But pleasure was of short duration, for at t! last mamed, the cold decreased, and, instead of the rain began to fall, which increased and nued up to 8 late heur last night, rendering the and sidewalks almost impassable, in consequi the ing snow. The night was dark and gloomy, and gave no promise of s speedy return of clear weather; though to-day, like some lately passed, which the successors of storm, may be beautiful and cle The Kennebec was closed by ice at Hallowell, on the 21st, [From the Boston Transcript, Dec. 26 } The recent storm was quite extensive, The snow at. Buffalo is two feet deep, and from ‘west, and, north, from eight to eighteen inches in epth, as fares heard from, Last night, about midnight, the wind was very strong from the Northwest, and must have been ® dismal night for vessels on the whole Atlantic coast, and many serious marine disasters must have oc- curred. Holmes’ Hole and the Vineyard Sound is full of inward and outward bound vessels. [From the Boston Traveller, Dec. 26.] ‘Thermometer on Saturday, when hig! 20; on Sunaay, at sunrise, 9; do. at 2P. M., 42%; do. at 10 P, M., 3432; om Monday, at sunrise, 3634; do. at P.M, 363; do. when highest, (9 P. M.,) 444; om Tuesday, at sunrise, 31. Barometer on Sunday, at sunrise, (highest,)0 47; on Mocday at eunrise, 20.94; do. when loweet, (9 P. M.,) 29.68; this morning, at sunrise, 30.01. Saturday was very fine and clear throughout; Sun- day and Monday were cloudy throughout, and to-day very clear again. The wind on Sunday, in the forenoon, was N. W, but changed about noon toS. E. At1P. M.,the ther- mometer being ll degrees below the freezing point, it began to rain, and continued to do so (with some inter- mission) until about 11 P. M.on Monday. The wind yesterday morning was very light from the South, then S. E. until 9 P. M., when it became very fresh fron the 8. W.; to-day W. It is difficult to sccount for this singular rain, as the thermometer at sunrise, on Sun- day, was as low as 9, (the lowest this season,) and al- though rising at 1 P. M., had only risen to 21 the rain commenced, and did not reach the freezing point until about 7 P. M., or after rain had been falling about six hours. We believe w ‘eonce ortwice seen rain to fall, with the thermometer as low as 30, but never before when it was as low as on Sunday, by several de- grees. f° [From the Bangor Courier, Deo. 28.) On Thursday, our river was free of ice, the naviga- tion entirely clear, and several vessels left the harbor — one of them in the evening of that day. On Friday, the river was clored, and in the afternoon persons walked over the ice. Jack Frost has not lost any of his energy. Yesterday the mercury was below rero. [From the Albany Argus, Deo. 25.) ‘The river was as tight asa drum yesterday morning. The cold was intense on Saturday night. No boat from below, yesterday afternoon. {From the Albany Jeurnal, Deo. 26 } Our sleighing was threatened with annihilation dur- ing Sunday and Monday. But it resisted the pressure of rain and arouth wind, and waslast night relaforced by o keen frost. The cun is out to-day, bat the air is racing. ‘Tue Execution or Erres —On Friday last, 22d December, in pursuance of sentence passed by the Hon. Judge Nash, William Dandridge E)pes sut- tered the penalty ofthe law for the crime of mur- der, perpetrated on the body of Francis Adolphus Muir, Esq., on the 2d day of February, 1846. At about 20 minutes to one o'clock, the prisoner, ac- companied by the Rev. Messrs. Hargrave and Withers, left the jail. The prisoner was dressed in his grave clothes, (all white,) and, with the ex- ception of paleness produced by confiaement, looked remarkably well. His carriage was erect and his step firm, Arrived at the spot, the Ke Mr. Withers addressed the multitude collected, closing with a prayer appropriate to the occasion. The prisoner then mounted the cart, and in a clear, audible voice, indicating no signa of emo- tion, made the following remarks: © Genties It was not my object to have any- thing to eay on the present occasion, but as it may do good, have determined to say something. | have been charged with many crimes. I have been charged with the murder of 9 hog drover—I have been charzed with the murder of my mother-in-law—I have been charged with the murder of my son—and I have been charged with the murder of my own servant; but, gen- tlemen, all these charges are false—all fa Would to God | could say as much of that other charge. Zut of that Iam guilty. | murdered Francis Adolplias Muir, I murdered him. He fell bymy hand. I nave regretted the act ever since it was committed—it has been before ny aged svet since. Ihave the gratifica- tion to state that | believe he is in heaven, and [ trast I may meet him there. In his dying moments he said he boped to meet me there. I hope I shall meet him there, and | believe { will meet him there, for | trast in God's promires. “GentLemen:—I have seen better days, and many of youknow it But when the tempter is aroused, we now not what we may do. [ hope that my fate may bea warning to you to shun my example. Y icave this world,at peace with all mankind. [ feel that I mm at Pence 'with my God. trust to meet you all in heaven,” fT proceeded in the performance of the The sheri duties ot his office. While the preliminaries were erranging the criminal displayed the same forti- tude that he had shown throughout the trial, an‘ at the prostunciatiody of the sentence. While the bandage was being tied over his eyes he mattered, “Ashes to ashes, dust to dust;” and all things being ready, the cart was moved, and immediately the soul of William Dandridge Eppes was in the presence of its Creator aud Judge. He died with scarcely a struggle.—Peters- burg Republican Dee. 25, _Sgvere nvr Just Sewrence.—The Poughkeep sie Journal of Saturday says a man named Charles Smith was found guilty, at the recent Oyer and Terminer in thet village, of gouging out the eye of another mun, with whom he was fighting, and Judge Barculo sentenced him to twenty-one years’ imprisonment in the State prison. The laws of this State in reterence to maiming are very se- vere, and we thirk very justly so, {t 18 ene of the most aeinous crimes of Which mag can be guilty Movements for Callfornia, &e. The steamer Falcon, which sailed from New Orleans on the 19th, had on board 173 passengers for Chagres. The greater portion of these will take the steamer California, at Panama, on the 5th of January, for San Francisco. " In order to relieve those who are apprehensive of difficulty arising out of the return of the Pa- nama, we will state that those who purchased tickets for passage from Panama to San Francisco will have the privilege of taking berths on board the Oregon, which vessel left only five days after the Panama, and will no doubt reach there before the 15th of February—the period announced for her departure ; so that no disappointment need be aa- ticipated upon this head, particularly as there have been no tickets sold for passage in her. One of these vessels was originally intended by the com- pany as a reserve boat, two being fully capable of performing the service required ; and should the Panama fail to reach Panama 1n season, her place will be supplied by the Oregon; and the Califor- nia, which is announced to leave Panama on the 5th of January, would have ample time to make a voyage to San francisco, and leave again on the 1st of March, thus completely fulfilling all that has been promised by the company. For the benefit of those who contemplate going o San Francisco, via Cape Horn, we consider it our duty to inform them that there are all kinds 4nd classes of vessels up for passengers, some of which are unworthy and unsafe. The best place to inquire for correct information relative to every ship on the list, is at the insurance offices, in Wall street. We do not doubt but that there are many fine vessels about leaving this port for the outside route; but we know there are others hardly fit to venture out sight cf land, even in the most favorable weather. The voyage round Cape Horn is parucularly dangerous, at this season of the year; and people not used to sea life want a good ship under them, {From the Boston Bee, Deo. 26.] The Bostom and California trading and mining ex- pedition, whose organization has been o: the Bee, is carrying out its projects with a precision that cannot fall to ensure success. Im addi. tion to the officers who will go out with the expedition, one of the oldest established commercial houses in the city will act as agente he: Washington before the “ Edward Everett’ sails, to ob- tain the countenance of the generalgovernmeat. The officers of the expedition are well supplied with intro- ductory letters of credit, to enable them to carry on ccasting or other commercial transactions to advantage should it be deemed advisable. A steam engine forms a part of the equipment, to be used for propelling « boat on the rivers and along the coast Every man is to carry a rifle, and @ revolver er brace of pistols, with ammunition, ‘The roll of hs Sompany bears the names of ons hun- dred and fifty men, who are well known to éach other, or eo strongly recommended that a pertect harmony may be counted on—twenty-one of tne number have been liberally educated. The professions and trades ‘are well assorted, as we find on the roll, which embraci merchants, tin-piate workers, bakers, painters, engi- ariners, jewelers, machinists, boat. builders, farmers, five printers, blacksmiths, ship carpenters, house carpenters, boot and shoe makers, masons, clerks, ters, doctors, hi ts, tailors of each, and 01 maker, varnisher, farrier, glass-blo geon, ‘barber, lawyer, editor, reporter, and copper- smith. ‘The ship Montreal is now being fitted out by a firm, on Commercial wharf, and will sail tor San Franvisco onthe 10th of January, touching at the Sandwich Ielands, The price of passage is $250, and for steerage ‘ascengers, living with the crew, $160. ‘The Bunker Hill Mining Company, in our sister city of Charlestown, have purchased the brig Pauline, aud are fitting her for sea. Some tem or twelve members th iatio: iil o ecteattons wad Will te catty om tite ait ferent trader. with them all necessary tools, and provisions for eighteen monthe’ supply. They will aise take out the frame of « house, blacksmiti’s shop, &e. Saiem has sent several vessels to San Francisco, in rather @ quiet way; and one of her citizens, Mr. Alfred Peabody, bas gone oat to establish himself as a com- mission merchant. When the bark Eliza sailed, on Satucday last, there was @ large gathering at the wharf, and at the moment of casting off, a trio of the jassengers appeared on the quarter-deck, and sang a Eumoreus ditty, which we annex. When they bad concladed, the congregation on the wharf gave three times three, and the bark filled away and took her de- parture. THE CALIFORNIA EMIGRANT. BY “ON® OF ’eM,’? Tune—‘Oh! Susannah!” 1 come from Saiem city, With my wash-bowl on my knee; I’m going to Californi: "The gold dust for to It ra ned all night the day I left, ‘The weather it was dry, The sun so hot I froze to death— Oh! brothers! don’t you cry! Ob! California! That's the land for me ! I'm going to Sacramento, With my wash-bowl on my knee! 1 jumped aboard the ’Liza ship, ‘And travelled on the sea, And every time I thought of home, 1 wished it was n’t t wealth ; It found it couldn't throw me, s0 I thought 1’d throw myself! I thought of all the pleasant times ‘We've had togethe: I thought I ort to or; But couldn’t find . The pilot bresd was in my mouth, ‘The gold dust in my eye, And though I’m going far away, Dear brothers, don’t you ory ! 1 soon shall be in Francisco, * ‘And then 1°ll look all ‘round, And when [see the gold lumps there, Tl pick them off the ground. Pll eorepe the mountains elean, my boys, Dl drain the rivers dry. A“ pocket fall of rocks” bring home — So brothers, don’t you ery ! Ou! California! ‘Thai's the jand for me! 1m going to Sacramento, With my wash-bowl on my knee! The master of the steamer “ Eudorus,”’ of 145 tons regiater, at Bangor, offers twenty berths, with a chance to sling thirty hammocks; and vessels are advertised at other Maine porte for the land of promise. The Hope On—Hope Ever Company, in Bridge- port, Connecticut, will start in January, and go over jand by way of St. Louis and Santa Fe The schooner “Miranda” is to eatl from Fair Haven for California about the 10th of January; and we see that companies are forming in Hartford, New Haven, and several other places of “steady habits.” Tne’ nutmeg men must look sharp, though, as some New Yorkers are buying a quantity of old copper, #0 intermixed with a certain composition, as to pass readily for pure gold, among the unsuspecting. T'bis villanous mat.rialit is intended to ship off as foon as possible, and when ic reaches San Francisco it in to be stored away, and of- fered for rale to the “ green. horns” from the States, who it 1s presumed, will eagerly buy up te spurious articie, if offered cheap, instead of perilling life and limb at the ‘ washing.” Newburyport is to have a finger in the placer, judging from the veesels advertised in the 11 brig * Forest”? will take passengers for $12 Charles H. Porter, who sends the bri will go by the steamer ot March 1, vi The schooner“ Queen of the West” will take passengers to Panama. Chagres for $40, the owner thinks that this low price, with good fare, anda pro-pect of accumulating 4 fortune in a short time, should be an inducement gman to take passage without delay.” East the fever is subsiding, Mz Pike, of Calais, has offered to carry passengers to San Francisco for $400 each, [From the New London Star.) Extract from a private letter :— . Surrenss Fort, New Havers, Up. Cal, July 26, 1848. Lavail myself of the opportunity of writing by some Mormons who are about emigrating to the Salt of Lal You no doubdt will or have heard by this time of the extensive and rich “ Piacer’’ of gold that bas been dis- covered in this country, and think perhaps that every one here should become rich; were | # stout man, per- baps | could dig my share, but I can assure you the work is not so easy. You have to stand in the water up to your middie, with » barning run shining upon your head, and the result is you average an ounce of ure gold dust a day. | have become very thin since | eft San Francisco, but hope soon to become accustom. ed to the climate and pick up. When | tell you that I have not slept in a house or on » bed for the last two weeks, you would scarcely believe me. You would laugh to see us all every night about 10 o’clook oarry- ing our blankets on our shoulders, some rushing to the wheat field, some one piace and some another, to resign ourselves te gentie repose; and after all we have many drawbacks, board $15 per washing $1 per piece, and everything in proportion. What the result will be | do not know. | would that 1 was at home working for a sooderate salary, | am siok and tired of this wild and roving life. Yours —~ -, This letter is not of so late a date a+ others—but it that there are two sides to “ gold huating.” [From the New Orleans Picayune, Deo 19.) The noble steamship Falcon, Capt. ‘Thompson, left her berth at Lafa: little after 5 o'clock last eve- the river in splendid style, | trip to Chagres Gen. P. in all over two \ds of California, , which they expect to distant region. ‘The Falcon being the pioneer steamer in the route to Chagres, her depar- ture created considerable interest, and a crowd of from three to five hundred people thronged her wharf bony the last was hauled in, and s! t ciking com- mentary on the enterpri impetuosity of Ameri- ean character. California was taiked of as though it ‘was but a day’s sail from the Balize; and from the man- ner in which friends parted, one would have supposed that they expected to meet again ina week at furthest. We could not but remark that the passengers almost to a man seemed to be of the better classes in society, din circumstances which would by no msans drive them to start on m desperate adventure. All seemed fall of hope and antious to be on their and on looking at them we fell red that with such inbabi- tants California must go ahead. We noticed that the most extensive preparations had been made on board te accommodate the passengers in the most comfortable manner; and from the numerous suspicious looking black bottles and little boxes we saw going on board we judged that @ liberal supply of the good things of lifehad been privately laid in. The falcon had on board about three hundred and fifty tons of freight, and six hundred tons of coal, being calculuted to Inet her on the returntrip. With favorable circumstances, it is hed hy that the trip to California will not occupy more than twenty days, and we trust that we shail toon hear that our adventurous friends are all making their fortunes ‘A Missouri printer absquatulated recently to the gold digging, leaving office, types, debts, creditors, and all, to look out for themselves, The Montreal Courier of the 21st commences a para- graph with these words, “ We hear that many of our citizens are on the point of rushing to California ;” and then proceeds to give some directions about the best method of getting there. ‘The Sag Hacbor California Mining Association have purchased the Sabina, a ship of 150 tons. The Sa was formerly a whaler, is a crack sailer, and we under- stand has never been beaten by any craft belonging tothe whaling fleet. The company to which she be- longs comprises rome of the wealthiest and most re- spectable inhabitants of Sag Harbor, including four or five retired whaling captains, who go out as officers of the ship. The number in the company is limited, and a large number of desirable applicants, with money in hand, have been rejected on this acoount. The expe- dition will sail about the middle of January, with every accessory to make it profitable. Srecimens or It.—We have seen some fine specimens of California gold, brought to this city by Lieutenant Loerer, ofthe United States Navy, who recently oame from California. Lieut. L.is now at the City Hotel. One piece, of irregular shape, amounting in weight to $28, is now a breast-pin. the pin having been attached since it left California, as it is not probable that gold breast-pins, ear rings, &c., are found Feady made, of {sshionable patterns, upon the banks of the Feather River. Lieut. L. has aleo a vial of the dust or “‘scales.”’ ‘This is pure gold, in little pieces of the size of a head ofa pin, flattened down to very small particles. This is the kind found jn the sand, a! hed out. He etates that there is plenty of gold in lifornia, and large amounts of it are falling into the hands of foreigners —Hariford Times, Dec. 26. From the Baltimore Sun, Dec, 27.] ‘A meeting of the “California Mining Company,” composed of young men of Howard District, was heid on Saturday, at Ellicott’s Mills, to elect officers, and make othe! essary arrangements. Some gentlemen from Baltimore were present. At Havre de Grace also, several young mon, it Is stat- ed, will shortly leave for some purpote going out in tl from Baltimore, ana others purpose joining the Paila- delphia company, under Gen, Cadwalader. Messrs. Malden and Woolley have already gone from North East. [From the Philadelphia Bulletin, Dec, 27.] Lanp Exrevitions to Catirorsta.—An expedition to California by the Arkansas route. descriptions of from Fort Smith by the lst of April. ge may the em! Igrating committee, Mr. J. R. Kennedy, Capt. John J. Dillard, or John F*. Wheeler, of Fort Smith. Rev. Isaac Owen and C. P. Heeler, of Bloomington, Indiana, also propose to raise a company to start for Oregon and California next spring. Mr. Owen was recently the agent ofthe Indiana Asbury University, and bas been appointed missionary of the Indiana rence to Califorazia. which have already been published vy, ‘us, is to start | riod of time formed part of the currency. Callfornia—Opinions of the Press. (From the Courier and Enqui ‘The duty of the United States towards California— and the necessity of the prompt and vigorous discharge of that duty—do not seem to command, as in our judgment they should, the present attention of Con- gress. By our acts California is without government or laws of uny sort, This is not said in o spirit of re- proach, but as announcing a fact, and in order to de- duce from the fact eur paramount obligation to pro- vide forthwith a substitute for that we have over- thrown. ‘The fatal dowry of Ria which that new territory has brought to the Union, is already producing its wonted effects, Inthe country itself all the usuai oo- cupations of industry, all the ordinary pursuits of life, are abandoned, in the insane and insatiate thirst for treasure. Farms, with their luxuriant crops just Tipening for the sickle, are deserted ; the mechanic arts light their fires no more; the sea gives up ite sailors ; the bar ite jurists ; even religion—if we may place reliance on the accounts received—its ministers ; whole villages are depopulated—and all rush to the same fearful pursuit of gold-hunting. Gold, gold, in whatever mode—gold—is the one cry, the one feeling of California, And well might it be—or at least » mitigated evil—if that ory and that feeling were con- fined to California, But already we see and suffer by it here, some 3.000 milesaway. The brain of youth is turned by visions of wealth rapidly accumulated ; and dull and thankless seems the ordinary routine of steady | industry, with its slow and modest, but sure, reward. Many a parent's heart is saddened—many a mother Christmas joy has been clouded, by the parting bene. diction to, and fearful apprehensions tor, the tate of | some beloved son, earried away by the m f the aie, . * . : * * What forbids that, for the time being, a military government be authorized there, and that the rule of martial law be declared and enforced? The Governor choren to rule over that teritory, is the very man to whom might be sately confided the great and irrespon- sible power of administering and enforcing martial law. Gen, Persifer F, Smith—of whom his great com- mander, Gen Scott, said on a public occasion, that “ the army had no better soldier, the country no bet- ter citizen” —is now at his post ; buc he will be power- less there, for he has no troops, no laws, and no func- tlonaries of government, to second his seal. What, under such circumstances, man can do, he will, we are quite sure, accomplich ; but moral force, and admi- rable pereonalexemple, can effect little upon such « population as that now in California. That populs- | tion is made up forthe most part, we may presume, of | gold: diggers and gold-robbers, in natural enmity with euch other; and, therefore, in such a state of actual hostility asto justify, in the absence of other authority, the application of martial law. Sioreover, the region invaded by this population is the public domain, be- _} tothe preser. would make the ssorifice of « valuable certainty for @ contingency that might or might not realize tis hopes. At any rate, let something be done and done ly, by the Congress of the United States, for government of the now American territory of Califor- nia. [From the Journal of Commerce, Deo. 27.) CALIFORNIA GOLD—IT8 EFFECT ON PRICES. Much speculation has been ineniges in, as to what effect the production of gold in California will haveon the money and industry of this continent. The money is always # mere atom, compared with the whole mass of property, as only the annual national production from the gross national productive" capital, and the annual exchanges of property, require the uses of cir- culating specie The annual prodaction and sales are not one-tenth of the capital or mass of property. A dollar of currency, it {s supposed, conveniently ma- nages the transfer of about thirty: five dollars worth of what is annually produced and sold The money of a country, therefore, bears a very slight proportion to the whole mass of property, (of which it is much less than & hundredth part.)—a fact but little understood those who fear that the quantity of the precious is inadequate to be relied on as the standard by which to compare the value and effect the exchange of other commodities, This proportion between the measure (if it may beso called) and what it measures, is always very nearly preserved; and consequently, when an addition is made to the amount of money, it affects, im nearly the same proportion, the exchangeable va'ue of the great mass of products Thus, if the whole pro- ductive capital of the nation were equal to one hun- dred millions of dolla: nd the annual produce of that capital, and the annual exchauges, amounted to 7 per cent, or $7,000,000, (assumed, not as being acsurate, but to state the positiom,) to manage the transfer of this conveniently would require, in the shape of circu- lating specie distributed over the mation, say $210,000, and so in proportion for a larger amount. Should this sum, however, ($200 000) be doubled, it would, on the rule Isid down, double the exchangeable value tf the whole property, ($100 000,000.) provided the annual crop and sales remained at n per cont. on the whole, It is not at all likely, however, that all the gold obtained in California will be added to the currency of the world; but much of it will go into us the arts, and thus mot much affect the value of other commodities. It must also be borne in mind, that the case with which it is produced there, will induce others, less favorably situated, to withdraw from its production elsewhere ; and much of whut will be produced in California will be required to make up this loss, It was clearly shown that the efforts of the most important commercial countries, to substitute @ paper currency for that of gold and silver. so dimi- nished the production of the latter, that in 1836, the © poorest of the agricultural establishments, and the very worst of the manufacturing, in Peru and Mexico, were more profitable than the very best of themining.”? The discovery of gold in Califoroia, will have an effect similar in kind, but less in degree, on the other mining establishments in the world, and drive some of those engaged in them, {nto other pursuits, that will afford a Detter recompense for their Iabors. ‘These are prinol- ples necessary to be borne in mind, in considering the question to be discussed. Much light is thrown on the question by what ocour- red ofa like character after the discovery of America. Thestock of money current in Europe at the time of the discovery of America ‘There was produced in 112 years after, allowing for wear and for what went into the arts and te Asia...... 430,000,000 Leaving in the year 1600............ _ $650,000,000 In 112 years the q of coin in Europe had, therefore, ly quadrupled, the effect of which, ac- cording to Jacob, was to advance prices in Europe about tour hundred and The coined money of about $1,485,000,000. ‘The advance in prices during this period did not exceed forty per cent, and did not keep even pace with the augmentation of the precious metals, because the industry of the world had become so much stimu- lated by the previous addition to the quantity of money, that the mass of commodities, and consequently of an- became greatly increased, s0 as to require to circulate them. ‘ook of coined money in Eu- had been used in the arts $2 000,000 000. But althuugh prices ithim the 110 years ey per cent, it is difficult to say how much of it was jue to the inorease in the quantity of coin, how much to the increased po iven to its circulation by im- provements in commerce, and how much to the quan- Uty of paper money and bills, which within that a ‘rom t time, the 2 antity of coin in Earope is ‘suppor d to have dimintehed Another important element is now to be taken into view. ‘The activity with which commerce has been pursued, and itsextensien tothe remote corners of th th, extend greatly the area which isto be influenced by additions to the coin At the time of the dissovery of America, the effects were in a great degree local, and ices were affected but slightly beyond the limits of Surope. On #ems'l popalation, and over only slimit- ed area, the relations between debtor and creditor were affected intenrely, and so was all property Those who bad been supported on abundant aanuities, be- came very poor, although the annuities were nominal- ly unchanged. ‘Those who held land on leases for long terms, at rents fixed before America was discovered, grew rich, and the lessor had to part with hig lands; and it isa curious fact that so late as 1548, after the discovery of the rich mines of Potosi, it was unknown in Europe to the great mass what it was that produced such great changes in their affairs Bishop Latimer, in a sermon prcached before King Edward VI. in 1548, attributed it to withdrawing land from cultivation, to be used for the pasturage of sheep to forestallera, &0.; and after stating the increased price of various com- modities. he edds, ‘‘ These things with others are so unreasonably enhanced, and I think verily, that if it thus continue, we shall at ag oe be constrained to A ey SH In thirty years that price ‘and by a distinguished writer of 1581, was me cause which Bishop Latimer was not until the events wera mly surveyed by those who looked back with abun- . t means at command, that the true cause became Down. The coin which was produced by the discovery of America, acted on one hundred and thirty millions of dcliars, which was the quantity then in citculation, T ent stock of coin of the whole world is esti- the whole quantity produced after the disco of 300 years,) the increase woutd bs but about One~ sixth on the t stock—an increase which would ed by the additions likely to be made of productions in the world, from the going on in its industry and population, by ee larger amount of coin than now used will be require It isa law about money, that it goes where it is of mort value; that is to say, where prices are compara- tively low—a law which, in tie present state of com- merce, tends to equalize prices everywhere. Toat law is now operating in Culifornia, whither commerce pro- ceeds, to buy gold dust at $10 per ounce, This ilius- trates the impossibility of having the gold from that region act on the prices of only wsingl» section else- where; and is some proof of the position, that the quertion now being considered {s to be examined as to the influence the gold now discovered wilt have on the whoie stock of precious metals, and not on that part of it merely which we have in this country, Although gold coin is not a legal tender for debts 'n several countries, yet the relative value of gold and sil- ver in the principal trading places of the world is nearly the same; that is to say, about 16 to 1—a proportion not likely to be aifected mach by events occurring in our newly acquired territe ‘The immense qui y precious metals in the world, the extensive surface over which they are spread, their great durability, the various uses to which longing to all the people of the United States, and, therefore, to be rescued by the military power of the | United Statet, from the unlawful grasp of adventurers | from all parts of the world, Undersueh circumstances, | Congress, which is supreme, may rightfully, as it keems | to us, and witely in the present aspect of affairs, do- clere mactial law.and guthorize the employment of a | force adequate to sustain it, Here, however, arises another aud most important consideration, How ia the service of such a force— once transported into the region of temptation—to be | seoured. No pay hitherto aliowed to the officers ond | soldiers of the United States army, would at ail suffice for ruch # service; since we eee that all prices of labor | apdrubelatence bad run up to a figare fac beyond the reach of their pay. As all the circumstances of this ttate of things are anomalous and exceptional—so must be the Jegitlation applicable thereto; and neces- farily of a eberacter that will not permit it to become 4 matter of precedent—the great danger of all extraor- dinary legislation. Starting then upon this ground of the extraordina ry condition of thiogs in California, it seems tous that Congress may safely adapt their measures to such & atafe of r tTairs, First, that martial law betng authorized, asuficient force must be despatched to that country, with pro- vision as to compensation, bo and émoluments, such as will recure the fidelity of the troops and com. that of the offs All grades of officers and 6 far beyond those known yur Atlantic region; and bere we apprehend will be the real pinch in obtaining from Congress the requi site legislation. It will be very difficult to bring up the small political mousers, whore popularity depends upon their raying no to all money appropriations, to the ne- cessities of the actual ite ire in Californ’ Yet only in meeting this case with a liberal and pro dent band, can tafety or eflelency co such legisiation should be retrospecti ful! In other words, those who h flag, under the extraordinary tempt round them, should be rewarded for such fidelity; and thoee who are hereafter to sed to these tempta- tione, should be aaeu: dvance, that their coun- try will duly acknowl nd compensate their de- votion to d ape in which thi C tra compen- s8 will have the best sel and forming sound clear—that the chief in- with some made- rate addition (othe wonthly pay. there shoald be held Out, ae Teerivable af the clore of the term of servion. & round rum im woney, or In land, eq 1a to the enter on- cy. lothin way (he temptation to desertion may be more eilectually oheeked tor the soluier in devectiag | ever, with re they are applied, and, with§increasing luxury, are be- comi pg applied, prevent the increas at California from operating tothe extent which has been by many sup. posed, cr to a at extent, This matter needs to be examined carefully, how- renee to the coinage, The quantity of gold obtained trom the Urat Mountains, (whien divide Russia in lurope from Ruseia in Asia.) has lately been immenre, and it is ruppoted that the an- nval preduocion frem the whole Russian Empire amounts to nearly 40,000 Rusrinn pounds per aangm. A tingle lump found on the 7th Nov, 1842, weighed 57 Russian pounds. The Auriferous Zone, as it is called, extends, with cecasional interruptions between the 60th and (Oth degrees North !atitads, over @ line “which it ome half longer than the greatest breadth of Africa.” Whether the produc.ioa of gold js so much greater than that of silver, as to disturb the relative proportions between them, d»pends on tacts not suflicientiy within my knowledge, In 1718. in pursuance of the advice of Sit Isaac Newton, th e ofthe guinea was reduced a fraoc- tion; butit bas been supposed that gold has beer overvalued in their mint regulations, The sagacious men connected with our mint, will undoubtedly keep this matter in view, and recommend such regulations cf the coinage as will keep in circulation @ jproper Proportion beth of silver and gold, ‘Vo recur, however, to the question, what effsct the discovery ¢f gold in Califor: itis to be remembered, In addition to tl presented, that we have in operation system of public finance, whic gto prevent @ sudden j ey, such as the new d under the cld system; aod that to robably be indebted at and ping prices free from obange, of @ mere Jocal character. the great diffusion cf the metal likely to take place, and the small proportion which it will bear to entire stock of coin, will produce ao greater effect on prices than dees one of our rivers upon the tides of the ocean. Axotner Revoiu tionary Hero Gong.—Oa Fri- dey might, Dec. 15, Wm. Western, of Vestal, died, aged Nat ey Mr. W. was another of those heroes of the Revelation, who will soon all nave passed away, and be known only in the recollee tion of their descendants, *the history of their country, and by the rich legacy they have left ua. While we honor the dead of trait noble bind, let ns cherish the living, whe will svon Brigiunpton Exyreve re yous — ot ‘Ameries up to 1810 were eddod, (a period of upwards. ee — ee ee | { : iS ine” hina