The New York Herald Newspaper, December 27, 1848, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Our French Correspondence. Paris, Nov. 23, 1848. The Approaching Polstrcal Contest—History of Events—The Candrdates— General Cavargnac— Lous Napoleon and his Receptions—-French T Electioneering--The Clubs, §c., §c., &c. The lull which has for some time prevailed in our political atmosphere, 18 about to be broken, ‘The clouds have gathered, and we witness now all the prognostics of a coming storm. Public expectation has waited jor this, although the quarter of the firmament in which the thander was about to break seemed uncertain. To enable you, so far distant from the theatre of these events, to comprehend all the gravity of this act of the re- volutionary drama upon which the curtain is about to rise, I must recall o your memory some o/ the gad events which preceded the tragedy of June. You will recollect that, until the establishment of the dictatorshi», in the last week of June, the Executive Government,was vested in five individu- als, bearing the title of the Executive Commission. These individuals were MM. de Lamartine, Arago, Garnier Pages, Vedra Rollin, and Marie. They, as you recollect, constituted a part of the -ornginal Provisional Government ¢f France, and were continned, by the authority of the Ass:mbly, alter May. The prognostics of th» storm which broke out ia the «nd gf Juae were numerous and evident. The least practical political observer could rot fail to notice them. The event was therefore expected by tie Executive Comission, and measures were take: t» provide against it. Orders were issued by them to tieir M sister of War, who, at the moment, was General Cavaignac, }o provide a cer ain military force in ths capitel, and to adopt otier measures, the particulars of which need not be here stated. The event arrived, and with its terrible results you are already acquainted. After the insurrec- tion was iepressed, public attention was absorbed by the necessity of dealing with upwards of ten theusand insurgent prisoners, by whom all the prisons and forts around Paris were literally crammed. A Committee of Enquiry was formed in the Assembly, to investigate the insurrection and ite authors. Public attention was engrossed by the consideration how to deal with those members + of the Aseembly against whom there appeared romé ground of accusation, but who had not yet been arrested. Several tumultuous debates took place, and resolutions not ia very strict harmony with each other were passed. At length, as you are aware, this storm of discussion was appeased by the adoption of decrees of accusation against MM. Caussidiere and Louis Blanc, and the evasion of sthere individuale. A general calm followed this ; but the members of the Ixecutive Commission, who, in June, had been euperseded by the Dictatorship, and who waited to see themselves justified before public opinion, by being restored to their functions after the exigency which produced the Dictotorship had ceased, now began to murmur, first in low and in- distinct tones, but louder and more distinct by degrees. At length their complaints assumed a tangible and unmistakeable form. They declared that cheblood which was shed in June must not. be i to lay at their doors—that they had soreseén, as they ought to have done, the coming catastrophe—and they had gievn orders to their minieter of war, which, if duly executed, would have prevented 1t, or at least have lessened the bloodshed, and circumscribed it within narrow Jimits—that such orders were not executed, and that the catastrophe which ensued was altogether to be agcribed to the neglect of such orders. You will see, therefore, that this was tantamount to * shiftng the responsibility of the events of June from their own shoulders to those of Gen. Ci nac. But this is not all. The more inveterate opponents of Gen. Cavaignac—and among them more especially M. Emile de Girardin, the editor of La Presse, whose journal was arbitrarily sus- pended, and whose person was arbitrarily impri- soned by Gen. Cavaignac—has taken a most signal revenge upon him by publishing, with pitiless per- tinacity, daily, those charges against the general arising out of the circumstances [ have mentioned. M. de Girardin domonstrates, 1n the opmion of many, with a force quite irresiatible, that Gen. “Cavaignac not only caused the insurrection of June by his disobedience of the orders of his su- periors, but that he did so for the express pur, ot placing the Assembly in a position in which there would be a political and moral necessity of nominating him (Cavaigaac) dictator; and that this was done by Cavaignac with a view to the tablishment of his present candidateship to the Presidency of the Republic. It would be impos- sible to give zea an idea of the effect of tnese pub- hieations of M. de Girardin. Wivs the obstinacy of a bul+dog, he baysto the nove of Cavaignac, and will never leave him unt’, he worries him to death. He has been the main cause of the im- potent events which gre now passing, and which shal] now state. Things being %n the situation above described, General Cave.gnac and his friends felt that he could no Mynger keep silence. Of,the two evils, the Jeast wasto provoke a discussion upon the charges made against him. Accordingly he rose am the’ Assembly on Tue , and demanded of the house permission to question the members ot the late executive commission on the calumnious charges which had been circulated against him, and of which they were reported to be the authors. * To this M.Garmer Pagés replied, that the ca- Jumny was not all confined to one side; that for months the members of the executive com- mission had borne the calumnies uttered against them with patience; that they were happy that the epoch of éclaerctssement was ut length arrived, and that they gladly accepted the proposed discassion. M Laumartine, the chief member of the execu- tive commission, being absent from Paris, at his ebateau near Macon, a telegraphic despatch was seatto him on Tuesday afternoon, ordering his immediate return, and the great battle 13 to com- mence on Saturday. The parties in presence are , NOt pow as before—the insurgents of June on the one hand, and the outraged nation on the other; bu: they are the late executive commission, co! pored of the leading members of the Provisional Government ot February, authors of the revolution of 1848,and consolidators of the republic,on the one hand, and General Cavaignac, their own minister ef war, who was absent from Paris uaul June, and superceded them as Dictator, on the other. _ he result will be either the condemnation of the authors and founders ot the republic, or the exclusion of the candidateship of Gen. Cavaignac y+ dng Presidency. Many well informed persons ve, imagine that in the explosion which is about to arise, both parties will be so much damaged that their pretensions will be extinguished. The cowwirs of the Salle des Pas-perdus, for the Jest day or two, have exhibited a scene of extraor- dinary agitation, owing to the excitement produced by the ndpronehing conflict ot Saturday. The matter is regarded moze as a judicial than a par- liamentary question. General Cavaignac and the late Executive Commission will be put upon their tnal, first before the Natioaal Assembly itself, and next neat before Frence and Europe ; tor it is not to be supposed that the decision of the Assembly, be it what it may, will be the only fiat in which this great debate willterminate. The struggle will be fierce. Both pa) ties, influenced by complaisaat advocates, whom they have cousulted, think them- selves certain of victory. M. Garnier Pages, M. Duclere and M. Pagnerre will be supported by M. de Lamastine and Ledru Rolla, and M. Marie will lend his powerful aid to Gen, Cavaignac. Oa the one side, it will be proved that General Ca- vaignac deceived the Executive Commission as to the eflective force of the garrison of Paris; that he disobeyed the orders given ; that he allewed the insurrection to develope itself ; that tlee desire of the dictatorship wis his motive, and that he is Tesponsible for the blood that was shed. The General will make an exposition of his “ Traité des stratagemes” for the use of bis suc- eessore,as to wtreet war, and will endeavor to prove the want of skilland the weakness of the Execu- ~ tive Commission—the nofitness and contradictions of the ordere given. 4 . It is supposed that M. Garnier Pages will com- ~ nce the debate, and that he will be answered by Bk hihi si Gereral Cavaij 3 witnesses will then be heard; M. Ledru Rollin will reply ; M. Marie will refute his reply; General Cavaignac will make some further observations, and the whole will be wound up by’a speech of M. de Lamartine. Some friends, it 18 said, have endeavored to get the aflair comp! omised, in order to avoid the public scandal ; but up to this moment, they have been unsuccessful, and the debate aopears inevitable. [The debate took place on the 25th of Nov., and Gen, Cavaignac came off victorious.—Hgratp. } How deplorable a spectacle for France and Europe! Men who have occupied the chief power in a great nation, seeking reciprocally to prove that they are incapable, traitors, ambitious and in- tnguing politicians—endeavoring to give each other a fall on the public arena, and roll each other in the mud! What isto be gained by this? Afier being well bespattered with dirt, Europe will adopt the judgment of each parties as to the other, and they will a’ ost inevitably both come scathed out of the conflict. x The candidature of Prince Louis progresses, and is every day more certain of success. At present, he is literally besieged with courtiers by anticipation, He 1s established in a hotel in the Place Vendome, next door to the Hotel du Rhine, where he occupies the premiere. The applica- tions tor conterences with him are so numerous, that he is compelled to have regular days and hours of reception. At present he receives on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, from 10 to 12. On these occasions, you find the ante-rooms hiteraily crammed with persons - National Guards, ficers of the line, and common citizens. A secretary is established in the ante-room, who writes down the names of the applicants as they enter. Lists of twelve are sent in to ‘Mon Prince” from time to tume, and they are returned with an order for their admiesion, proyided that they are either personally known to the Prince, or aceredited by letters of introduction. They are then introduced in this manner, in batches of twelve. The Prince receives them with much grace and dignity. Those to whom he has been personally known, he meets with a frankness and. cordiality observed among English gentlemen of the better class; those who are strangers to him, of course, with more reserve. A gentleman in his suite 1s present, who introduces to him those by name, informing him, when it is necessary, who and what they are. The Prince makes seme observations, and after a few minutes interchauge of words, passes to the next. In this way, the circle is gone through pretty neari ¥ im the same manner as was customary in Louis Philippe’s time, in the recegtion at the Tuileries. Inthig manner, batch after batch are shown in and dismissed, entering at one door and going out at another, until 12 o’clock strikes, when the balance, which 18 generally large, of those. who have not been so fortunate as to gain their turn of admission, are obliged to depart until the next day of receptions. Prince Louis is below the middle size, and in statuie nearly the same as the Emperor. His features bear no resemblance to the imperial mo- del, being more regular and more handsome, it not more expressive, His figure is youthful, but his visage is amidirably lined, and marked somewhat with years. In short, his face bearsa greater, and his figure a less age than that given by the alma- nac. His manners are extremely engaging, and marked with much dignity and grace, without the slightest approach to assumption. is position here, although so novel, sits easy upon him, and I have no doubt he will discharge the ceremonial duties on all fee occasions in a satisfacto) manner. He does not appear to be endowed wit! the gift of extemporaneous speaking, at least not before a pubiic assembly and in a set speech. The colloquial and interlocutory part. necessary in offi- cial interviews, he performs sufficiently well. He spesks French with a decided foreign accent ; the same may be said of his English, which is other- wipe excellent. bi se chase h {t 18 amusing to observe the obsequiousness witl which he 18 treated by those who now seek him. All sorts of persons go to his receptions, und all political parties. A day or two since, among a set of persons presented to him, were two or three who avowed thémselves as red republicans, and who intimated a wish that it were possible that he could coneilate the favor of their party. Out of this, and similar awkward situations, into which he 1s thrown by his maladroit visiters, he extricates htmeelf witk much address. 5 On the whole, in observing him, the wonder is how one who has never before been accustomed to what is called public life, can get acy so well. He never trips, and never seems at a lo: He has learned the necessity of reserve, and when observations are made to elicit from him informa- tion which ought not to be given, he never fails to show, by the reserve of his manner, that he is on his guard. Such isthe personage who appears at present most likely to be placed, at least temporarily, at the head of the affairs of this great country. Mr. Ferdinand Barrot, one of the representa- tives of the people, has addressed a long letter to the editor of the Siecle, on the candidateship of M. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. The letter concludes as follows :— “ You say that Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is the sig- nal of reaction against the republic. You affect to hat the election will give to him. Yes, will bave at bis back the musses, population of the rural districte—that is to ray, the ele- ment of order and feoundity; the working pulation— that is to ray, labor and strength; the soldiers—that is to ay, the nation aroused and armed; yes, he will ar- rive at the Presidency of the republic, hailed by the enthusiasm inspired by great souvenirs; he will ha: the power called popularity—the power which for thi ears, bas been wanting to all governments. What, a my eyes, isa powerful reaton for deciding me in favor of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, is the fact of his piedged himself to no party, or sepocsed, en) that, in arriving at ir, he will bring wit. him no coterie; and, fimally, because no person is so weil calculated to found @ national government, by which I understand a government which, having for its basis the prosperity and grandeur of France, will call into the service of great interests the most eminent men of all parties, and strengthen iteelf by all the element of action 00d influence requir- «d for the nation ”’ " _ We have just had two duels arising out of po- litical causes. M. Edward Adam, the late adjownt to M. Marrast, when mayor of Paris, being C= cused by Col. Rey, who at the time of the affair. ot the 15th May commanded the Hotel de Ville, of having been the cause of the arrest and imprison- ment of the latter, was called en by him for satis- faction. A meeting took place, and M. Adam was slightly wounded in the side. The other af- fair occurred between Gen. Baraguay de Hilliers, and M. Goudchaux, late minister of France. It veems that Gen. de Hilhers, in a conversation, had alleged that some financial measures of M. Goud- chaux were proposed for hs own individual ad- vantage; an accusation which the latter repelled by saying, ‘‘ Vous avis menti!’ A meeting con- sequently took place and shots were exchanged, but without any injury to either party, and thus the matter terminated. ‘The official transoript of the Constitution, read by M. Matrast to the arsembled in the Place de is Concorde, was written on ten skins of parchment, in black, red, and gold letters. It was signed by M. Mar- rant, as President of the National Assembly, and by the oe on the day of six recretaries who were in attend: publication. ‘A perron who has arrived from St. Quentin has given un some details of the ceremony of the promulga- Uon of the Constitution in that town. The civil and military authorities hed assembled in one of the fquares, and the Mayor was reading the new constitu- tion, when furious cries of Vive Louis Napoleon, vive UEmpereur! burat from @ crowd of workmen who were present. Notwithstanding the efforts et the suthori- Uies to put an end to these ories, they were renewed with more vigor. We are ignorant of the result of ¢ toanifestation, as the person who communicates tails left St Quentin before the ceremony According to @ paragraph in the Putrie, th cries continues ee end of the cerem at aay the Constitution in the departments of the Seine. came off in Paris. Inthe day were concerts of music, and in the evening private and public allu- minations. Mapy constitutions have been proclaimed since 1790. Each of these promulgations has been marked by fétcs. The finest was that of August 10, 1793, the constitation of which was accepted by 44000 communes. notwith- standing the sinister rumors circulated from one end of France to the other, for the coalesced powers had in- vaded the frontier, ready to rush om Paris. The direo- tor of the cerem: of the constitution of the year 17093 was the member of the convention, David, the histori- cal painter, Asin those days France sent delegates, among whom were eighty-six of the oldest men of the pg ie departments who cams up torepresent them. ‘The programmes of the féte of the 10th August, 1793, ‘was in some worthy ofthe artist who pre them. However, it was reproached for some puerilities hich would now be considered in bad taste; as, cloning of the line of the precession loaded with soeptros, o coats of arms, and carpets wrought with fleurs-de Lish 0 be burnt in 0! Taggedness of their mn carried their contempt the appellation of ‘The clubs are again in all their activity ; but to | avoid coming within the prohibitions of the Jaw, they call themselves “electoral meetings.” At these the violence of conduct and language of the red republican and socialist parties is fearful. A Club was started into existence in the Passage Montesquieu, near the Palais Royal, which has assumed formidable dimensions, and threatens, if not speedily repressed, to become the Jacobins ot 1848. For the last two or three nights, the as- temblages which have collected round it, have been great and tumultuous. On Tuesday night, it was reported that 4000 persons had assembled. The diecuseions are marked by all the violence and extravagance of the old Jacobins. The de- bate, lately, hasturned, of course, on the question of the presidency, and the rival candidates have been Raspail and Ledru Rollin. a the ora- tore, have figured several members of the As- sembly, especially M. Mahtieu, (de la Drome,) a leading member of the party of the Mountain, who epoke infaver of M Ledru Rollin. The de- bate on Tuesday, wasespecially violent. A letter was read, denouncing M. Ledru Rollin as an am- bitious man, and an enemy to socialists, which called forth demonstrations in his favor, and counter demonstrations of the most tumultuous nature. M. Mathieu, (de la Drome,) in his det»nce, quoted a speech made by Ledru Rollin in 1841, in which the terms “social improvement” were made use of, and argned from them, that M. Le- dru Roilin was a socialist. He was replied to by ayoung orator, M. Madier de Monjan, who re- proached Ledru Rollin for his being a socialist only when he wanted their votes, His was nota conviction of an active lite, like that of Raspail, who had suffered prisons and persecutions in de- fence of his principles. He crushed the candi- dateship of M. Ledru Rollin, by applying to he conversion to socialism the historical phrase, ast trop tard! “ We mutt,” said he, * advance— advance from Constituans to Feuillans, trom Feuillans to Girondins, from Girondins to Banton, from Danton to Robespierre !” The following anecdote, apropos of the absurd requisitions of the red republican party with refer- ence to the qualifications of a President, has been going the 1ounds ot the journals :— “ In 1816, after the battle of Waterloo and the abii- cation of Bonaparte, the demagogical chamber of repre- sentatives, which was furious against the idea of @ re- storation, went to the headquarters of Wellington and Blucher, to request them to name a foreign prinoe, to whom they would offer the throne of France. M, Bory de Saint-Vincent was one of the most violent against ‘urn of Louis XViI1 , and shouted, ‘France must king who can mount a horse!’ to which Nodier replied very gravely, ‘ Well, than, let us Franconi.’ ? ‘The clubs are daily proposing some new mesns of bringing about areconciliation of the democratic s0- cialist party in the question of the Presidency. It is now in contemplation toopen a scrutiny at Paria and Ly Known members of the clubs anc secret sc- cieties will come and deposit a bulletin bearing the name of M. Ledru Rollin or M. Raspail, and the oandi- date of the majority is to be the candidste of all. This plan w: proposed ‘om Monday evening at the club of the Rue du Faubourg du Temple. The sitting of this club was violently itated. One speaker read a speech in which he declared that it would, perhaps, be neces. rary to foutrailier the enemies of socialism, | He called kirge crowned brigands, goawing cancers. He com- plained of the manceuvres of the friends of M. Louls Bonaparte, who, in his opinion, wished te bring back M. Credit (the Duke de Bordeaux.) Another orator, speaking of General ignas,enid that he took the governmentfor s campaign in ‘Africa; and talking of Feactionlets, said they would soon be gotrid oft once they wero, ‘The most moderate speaker expressed a Gesire to seethe republic proceed under the saadow of Robespierre. ‘Two evenings ago, M. Joly delivered s speech at the Club of the Redoute, over which presides M. Bonaard, one cf the most violent of the clubbists in Paris. M. Joly disputed the powers of the committee which mamed M Raspail asa candidate for the Presidency, and which calls liself the Central Democratic Commit- tee. He declared that this committee represented only Paris, and that the departm ad not been con- sulted upon its formation, This language excited = violent rtorm in the assemblage. Cries of « Vive Ras. pail” © Vive Leara Rol M. Joly waa addressed in to came the 0) outrageous impreestions, after comparing M. Respail with M. Ledra Rotttn, gave the preference tothe latter. The word ealumul- ater issued from hundred mouths at once, and tbe tumult reached its acme. The late commissary of Toulouse was compelled to talk of tyrants, aristocrats, aud despots. of Europe. in order to calm ti tions upon him from allrides. He fully succeeded; for thouts of “ Bravo, bravo!’ Vive la Montagne !”’ com. cluded this frightful scene, which reoalls to mind the worst days of the clubs of 1798. Our English Correspondence. Lonpon, Nov. 17, 1848. The New York Herald in Europe—State of Eng. land Considered—The Influence of the Herald— Mr. Bancroft— The French Minister, §c. Nothing in that way could give to genuine Eng heh patriots higher satisfaction than the great prosperity of the Herald. Its patronage now de- mands that additicnal machinery which has been put into requisition, to send its opinions and its reproofs,@s well as praise, to the ends of the earth. The mighty magic of steam, in its happiest com- bination, was wanting to send a new power inte the remotest regions of the civilized world. You state the fact that your printing presses have been bronght to unrivalled perfection by Mr. Hoe; and that your circulation is such as to tax even his genius.to the utmost. The Herald now circulates over 20,000 papers per day, and nearly half as many as are issued in all England. This is a subject for congratulation, even of boasting, amongst Ameri- cans abroad, not less than at home, They are very glad to see that the Herald appreciates its own position, and that this winter it wall come forward to Congress with a proposition to furnish prompt and accurate,reports of the debates in both houses, in any quantity. In that feature alone has the prees of America been behind the English, while in all other respects it 1s 80 immeasurably superior. Indeed, ot politics, the staple for newspapers, the British journals not only know nothing, but it is clear that withouta total change of the government itself, and also a radical departure trom the pre- sent monopoly of the press by the rich,* they can never Jean anything. The government ts a total imposition of the most elaborate and hypocritical character, by which all Ireland 1s held by force as a conquered country, against the will of the vast majority; and by which all England is impudently appropriated to the sole behoof of about 5,000 gentlemen, whose ancestors are said to have come oyer with the Conqueror, and to have received separate portions in fee of the plun- der, Laws were devised in the course of a few hundred years, when fraud was a better instrament than force, #0 to constitute the mockery called the House of Commons, as to include themselves in that d by proxy, and to exclude the people. of Lords, peers alone. Thus the oli sion of both branches of ti duced the silly monarchs nothing. The laws were made to tie up the land from ereditore, or any other distribution, principally by jure and settlement in favor of eldest sons. ere made to lay that ro eleverly, that not one additional shilling has bven levied ti the commencement of the national ». All the ordimary burthens of government have been placed on the mass; and alo the dreadfal weignt of our $4,000,000,000 of national debt, epent by the oligarchy in foolish progress all over the globe. The mere peace expenses are swollen in every conceivable direction, for the purpose of providing in the chure! in the army, and inthe of the nobility. The olergy, the front to convert every one of the places they dese- crate into contrivances for extracting money from the poor and miserable, And for this permission from their marters, there rupple rarcaie utter no protest against the ranguinary system of which they are the most in- famous part, but assiet to make the outrage more odious by the public sale at auction of church livings, and by the systematic denial ofall kinds of justice to the destitute, in ¢@ called courts ot law and equity. With the monopoly of the land, and the fruits there- of, and the absolute control of the overwhelming powers of a united church and State, the 5.000 could well afford to let the people bave a shadow of power. And accordingly it was agreed, at an early day, that there should be two parties, called whigs and tories, to keep p a struggle ostensibly of principle in Parli ment. The people have, for a long timo, only been al- lowed to look on at what was really nothing buta friendly tournament of knights and squires in the civil arena and out of armor. Afterwards the people, through the fears of these gentlemen, obtained some share im the representation ; but up tothe date of the reform bil of 1832, which the French revolu- tion of 1830 forced through, the share was pure- ly nominal; and since the reform bill, it just amounts to as little, The actual fact is, that the 30,060.000 of the people have 56 members out of 656, there being t Houre of Commons by the 5,000 aristocratic land owners — indeed « majority of the whole Houre by 1,000 of such oe, D’leraeli and about nine others hamehi not. an it pleases their tore with That D'Irraelishould ceivable; but that the should bean abject slave, is ‘*Even the to called liberal News is owned by a parcel of valete tarvants, who have saved money out of the Luke of Devon Hy snd only know the 7 ba a i The Duke haa om inocme of five 70 per day. rather presumptuous. But you will say that 66 men of the pecple are enough’ to give alarm, and ly to discuss public measures, so that the country may require reforms. No. The House Commons iss bear garden. where t! ia no chan to be properly heard. The A gentry wake up the very him down; bat as long as he sees fit Ker, like Bright or not to be abured be yond 1 rhetorician: You may think that Cobden’s success with free roves that the privilege of discussion is of great inthe Commons. But | answer noagain. That qvestion became a bone of contention between the whig and tory gentry, Lord John Russell—a Bedford: a o which the House the said nobility jure them at all, the whig branch followed their leader, Lord Jobn, and carried the ition. It suited Sir Robert Peel to give the credit of his con- Yersion to a commoner. Richard Cobden, rather than to @ noble and a rival, Lord John Russell. ‘The God’s truth is, that there is no such thing as discussion of apything tolerated by the law or the custom of England, when it can do any good. A rab- ble of weekly papers talk freely and iguorsntly, it is true; but the goverpment does not fear them, because the daily prees is effectually all its own, and as for weekly papers doing anything whatever for re- form, you know that to be nonrenre; until the pepu- Jar leaders are able to seize the infinite energies of and throttle the liars and traitors to liberty while the lie is in their very throats, printing is valueless, The culprits rave any body the trouble of refutiog them at the end of the week, by anyste matic seli-contradiction from day to day. They are for and against everything; upon all sides of every question; and from the members of the editorial staif contradictions habitually appear from different pens in parallel columns. The only influential portion of the prers.the dailies. are all engaged in praising, more and defending a system which could not stand one hour, if the people were enlightened. Although the great majority in England and Scot- land are loyal, they are so from_sheer ignorance; and assoon as that is dispelled, they will overturn the oli- garchy without delay. It is probably the mission of the United States, but especially and particularly of France, to infuse that real vitality into the sritish constiiution which belongs only to republicanism, by force of example, and, if necersary, by force of arms. Indeed, philanthropists are now called upon to rejoice over nothing to much as the entire success ef the French republic, on that account. It is no longer “the fear of change which perplexes ” the British mo- narchy; it isthe fearof France, And not all the valor, wisdom, and pride, and wealth of all the Mow- and Plantagenets, can postpone the appointed, * the inevitable hour,’ which hastens for- ward upon the dial the doom of the most fearful mass of public crime and misery in human ann ut I need mot denounce, for I have heretofore spread out the indictment in the Herald against this abominable government, and have spoken to it b: obspter and by section, and upon authorities whio! are undeniable. | have only now repeated some of the charges generally, because it was tiecessary to sustain my aseertion of the superiority of the American press to the London press. in respect to the staple of politios. It is obvious, that under such a system of things, the rights of man, and the duties of govern- ment, and even the first principles of laws aad con- stitutions, cannot be understood. It is only when it is the interest of the rulers, that the truth could be tolerated, which is never; and it is only by free dis- cuesion that it could be made acceptable, and there is no free discussion. Every word, say the judges, aslate as lart month, which creates disaffection, is sedition. How can the prers know anything, or do anythin; how can the patriot or the philanthropist, when ali utterly enslaved? And these benighted or talk of slavery in America, when British slavery is the sla- very of the whole white race, to the number of thirty millions, by an erable minority of thousands, and upon the beartles terms of being subsisted only while in perfect health and maturity? and then starved to death in a work-hou: Great God, of infin! oh, bow lon, and eternal justice !how long, 1 ahall every Britain, every Irishman, fool very soul? Not long. It is high time set in order, and that hy poorisy £6 provo.ethe wrath of Heaven. 7 e! JK is for thee to demolish, cod time and ways of Providence, this worse than ‘enetian oligarchy, and to restore to ordinary rights the Chinese state of society to which political institu- reduced the Saxon race in the British can do. great service in columns are # vast im- Provement in respect to European politics, But her subjection of the steam engine to double and triple work, is afar higher achievement. She is placed there- by in frout of the press of the world; the moment she succveds in her grand design of furnishing literal re- ports cf the speeches made by the men of the people, in Congress, that will prove an antidote in Europe to the simuar energies by which France, Germany, and even E d have beem poisoned by the Zimes reports of the wristocratio debates in Parliament. In the report. ing department ulone has the London press had any su- periority; and now that is finally removed, we hope. by the unrivalled American enterprise of the Herald. A great intellectual and moral responsibility rests upon your paper and yourself. You must have foreign correspondents, who understand systems and events. Narrators wiil not do for the Herald. {t requires rea- souers, thinkers, philosophers. You should forthwith iseue your orders to London, that England was to be explained to your readers ; to Paris, that France was to be defended and eulogized every where, that America was to be vindicated and recommended. Now you are told from London, by the paragraph forgatberers, that the great news is, the death and do- ings of Lord George Bentinck, while the Chartist trials are ditcuseed in three lines ; from Paris, the details of & thousand falsehoods propagated by Evglish emisea- rica, about the oriti ate of the repubiic, e¢ mil ui- tra, except comments from the same quarter on French funds and credit. It js not thus the Herald should strike her biows in the battle of systems; now filling the Plains and mountains of the continent, with shocks, and smoke, and fire. Itat down, however, to do justice tos great crimi- nal, and will proceed to do it now, as elfectually as cerible. Some time ago, there was a tory gathering at ‘ork, where the American Minister Ggured in absurdi- ties moat absurd, as the flatterer of the British govern- ment. He had his reward in your columns As the diteare is catching. till the doctor prescribes for it, we had a Mr. Coleman following suit in the same sickly strain. I sent you # report of his case also—a very detertable exhibition. Now, however, we have a most unexpected victim of the contagion—the French Mi- nister. M. Beaumont. At the Lord Mayor's dinner, at Guildball, on the th inst , 800 of the aristocracy pre- al monkey poles were set up as usual for ‘ters The Frenchman had to mount on acoount of “the suddem indisposition” of the Ameri- can Minister, which seems to have been regretted. «England was the land of liberty and hospitality for but it was the land of friendship for Frenchmen.” “A noble country like Eng- jand, in order to be admired and biessed, wanted only to be known.” “Let us, my lords, enjoy,” &e &e. Are euch niaiseries let off after dinner or before? Is this in vino veritas, the kind of truth which comes of wine, or is it deliberate falsehood ! But no matter. The man must be deficient in either care, and is unfit for his office altogether. It is sad to fee the Americens and Frenchmen, who are travelling for information and pleasure only, be- coming demoralized by the hospitalities and ingenui- ty of the wealthy classes to whom they rerort Jand ; but it ie little leas than treason for m' to endorse with fre sacred and awful approbation. The Frenchmen in the United States rhould at once ask the home go- vernment. te recall an agent who is already sunk in the mire 6f vile subservienes to the worst enemy of France. in theory and in fact, openly and secretly, by volition and upom compulsion. It makes it worse, that M. Beaumont should have been in the Uni- ted Stater,and sbouid have published our praises, and committed himself to the condemnation of the Britieh oligarchy But he fell before the shake— he fell at the Dare touch of temptation. He is not only over-ripe, but he is retten, Let him be forthwith Jaid on the shelf, as one dead, aud substituted by o friend of republicanism, who can understand his own porition and the faults of an antagonist, He repre- sentsarepublic. “Net aman in the whole 800,” in the language of the Times, * had the least sympathy with, or any belief in, that form ofgovernment;”’ even the Lord Mayor was so uncivil as gratuitously to insult it, by @ reference implying bis distrust and contempt. Not a toast was thought of for the people, or their rights; not @ sentiment was de- livered honorable to the paramount olaims of white emancipation and popular power. ‘The bedizened oligarchs, snd their liveried lackeys, blazed with pomp and grandeur on every side. All was e heavy stupid- ity, and the reproach of the very age itself) Such a procession and such a gathering in the streets and courts of justice ef any city wost of Turkey,in the middle of the 19th century, was a bold affront to every man’sintelligence. And y: surrounded, the fanc- tionary of Frano: h against powerful bis maudlin obeit eupremacy of the privileged and God-anointed few, who are, at the very time of that speaking, as well as this writing, the plot t, the open and nd glory. wrestle for lite of the d France, at which latter Meacstts~ the his country’s utter overthrow, t rise to @ higher pitch at any ever, Does not this man know ? Had he eyes, that he did not there as chief of the government’ ted by Brougham, in his letter as his correspondent, becaure no could have made the vindictive ma- is friend) so effectual by thus he ears, that he did not bear tod toasts songs liad he memory, ith the former critic 1¢ Daily News of the 15th Jaly, whieh reports Mr. Ban- peeoh wt York, contains whe statement im the same ¢- Jom, that over $00 fopsiquers had ben expelled under the reoent of monarebe and aristocrats, or the present represen- tive ofa ie. polite, Very true, He could have uld not at ladispo- jh! liberty, »roaleled in thy eolemn records ? Boston, Dec. 13, 1848, More Cabinet Making—Judge Woodbury fownd to be a Goed Stick of Timber—The Political Lum- ber Business Down East. Jas. Gorpon Brnnetr, Esq : Sin :—I am im possession of sufficient informa: tion to positively state that a letter has been re- ceived in this quarter, from a distinguished gen- tleman and statesman of the South, (now at Washington, and who, though friendly to Mr. Calhoun, was one of the very first in his State to declare publicly for Gen. Taylor,) in which the writer asseverates that Judge Woodbury will be oflered the Department of State by Gen. Taylor, uoless his (Judge W.’s) supposed friends in the present Congress should be imprudent enough to create “a wider breach between Gen, Taylor, on his real opinions, and the more liberal portion of the democratic party, than at present exists.” And, indeed, that writer sustains his asseveration with somewhat plausible reasoning, which 18 at least worthy of consideration, He oredicts, that from a very mistaken idea of the grounds of Gen. Cass’s defeat, the fnends of that gentleman in Congress will presume to be * paying off the South” by assuming open ground in favor of the Wilmot proviso. In such a crisis, he (the writer) looks with hope to the friends of Judge Wood- bury from the free States, few though they may chance to be, to adhere with Spartan valor to * their uniform opposition to all such attempts at violation of the sacred rights of the sovereign States.” Thus formed in order of battle, the “true men of the North” will be found (on this question) openly arrayed against the Cass faction the Van Buren faction, and the northern an western wing of the whig party combined. Now, Gen. Taylor 1s a southern man, and, whatever ideas may have been coined by certain political speculators of the North, will firmly maintain the rights of that section, at whatever hazard. The tremendous collision expected to take place upon the question as to the rights of the slave States im common with their Cel Ae may make the Union quake—such 18 the determined spirit of the two extremes. The South are an unit, with Old Zack” to endorse them with the same bold hand that defied the summons a: Buena Vieta. But Gen. Taylor, in his ardent sympathy for the security of the Union, will look for fellow- ship im the North; and if that fellowship can be secured, he will not be so imprudent as to draw a geographical line on his cabinet in the manner that some have predicted. And when was there a moment, during Woodbury’s career upon the political boards, that the South looked for this fel- Towship in vain? Levi Woodbury was a man of the nation—his policy was as broad as the Union, resting upon the solid basis of the constitution ; aud while he was to his constituency in the North as the needle is to the pole, so was he alike the ready defender of the constitu- tional rights of ‘the most remote members ot the confederacy. Can any one doubt, then, from which political class in the North this aid in the preservation of our glorious Union will most likely be rendered? General Taylor will have no jarring im his cabinet upon this vital question. He will hold the defeat of this insulting provigo eynonimous with the preservation of the most sacred rights of the slaveholding States. If he have a Sonbert an in his cabinet, that man, under the circumstances which will probably ex- ist, must have what northern demagogues term ‘southern principles,” but what General Taylor holds ag constitutenal principle. a ‘The above manner ot reasoming, together with the fact that Judge Woodbury has had no partici- pation in the miserable party sqabbles for the last four years—from the ‘ phyfty-phour-phorty-or- phyght” era, down to the diseased spawning of Brinkerhoff and Wilmot—-would seem to. afford some degree of plausibility tothe on dit which pre- faces this article. A Your correspondent is no *cabinet-maker,” and does not often put his pen to task tor a newspaper article. He has been, however, some years a con- stant reader of the New York Herald, which paper he believes has done more effectual service in causing Genert! Taylor to be elevated to the chair he will eoon occupy, than all the whig papers in the fiee States. Counties. Appanoote...... ..+ Benton. . Jones, ..6+ Jefferton 72 106 19 9 Munroe, . 195 10 — Polk. . 224 ad 58 Powerhiek. P 7 * Seott......+ Woapello. . 2 Warhington 295 M7 36 Total... 12051 1,126 090 Pottawatamie eoun- ) ty, unergaxized & > . 627 42 - - not counted, 5 ees 11,084 Total vote. . Total number of votes polled. Catn’s majority (official) over Tay Do. over Taylor and V If the scattering votes are counted, Caen falls short of,a majority 612 votes, and if the vote of Pottawata- mie county, where the Mormons reside, bad been counted, Taylor avd Van Buren together have s ma- jority over Cass of 117. ‘Total number of votes polled, as above, including the Mormon vote,....... 25 258 Total yotes polled for Cong aT Incresre of vote. Superior Court. Before Chiet Justice Oakley, «Manson Cook vs, The Hon, Isaac Hill.—Libel Case. —This cause was resumed this morning, and some fur- ther testimony given on bebalf of the platotiff; after which, defendant’s counsel asked for & nonsuit, on the ground that the memorial on which the action was founded was privileged communication sddressed to the Postmaster General, The learned counsel wenton by the acts of Congress of 1825 and 1845, the Postmaster General had very extensive powers oon- tred on him, He was authorized by them te take | contractors i make 001 je is ta and to eupervire tl thorized tosupervire the of 1845, for auditing the eons connected with the Post-office Department. He referred to those laws, te show that the Postmaster (e- neral exercised control over all ti partments of the post-office, snd particularly over contractors, and was alidity of bida, per- if aggrieved, hada right to invoke hie authority and claim redress, Governor Hill had done ro more; the court would see, by the evidence bh thet be conn! there was prive him of his bona fide bid; ter General and points out the ‘othe bid of plain- points out the very ing dated at New York Philadelphia or some- Investigation. to put his com- investigation. 4 accordingly presented, and Le ‘bbe memorial one ever saw it except the Postmarter his officers, until the investigation was made in New York, And here let me add, that this investigation was had only in prosecution of Mr Hill’s rights, and sanctioned by the Postmaster General, without any malice against the parties, before knew or heard of. Counsel the! A, 642. and 2d Carrington & Curwen, page 4, to show that it was a privileged communication, and that the ceurt held in both thore cares, which were precisely analagous, thet an action could not be sustained. Cnive Justiex.—There ie no doubt, Mr. Noyes, of the correctness ef the principle for whick you contend; but the cates you cite are after verdict, and the dim. culty in my mind is, how can I at this stage of the case interfere, Mr, Noves.— There must be extraneous malice prov- ed, oor Honor knows that not # particle of evi- dence ‘of malice outside the memorial has besn given. The nonsvit was denied, and defendant's counsel ox- cepted. He then proveeded toopen the defenov, He said the parties were both printers, and had a perfect right to it: each other, and with to bid fer the public printing; he ssid the must have been known to mostofthe jury tt pumber of years; he has been @ printer boyhood, and editor of a paper New }d has fora number of years. by his en- try and integrity, made himself oge most conepicuous men of this ceuntry; he hae been raised tothe highest boners which th could bestow; he has been a Sei Stet d Governor of his own State, highert offices in the gift of h dd, that his pecuniary situation the reach of a low or mercenary action. For some previou: was contraetor with the United Stat: year his con- government advertised for new was desirous, as he hada ight. to continue bis contract with the government; and we find that during the term of President Tyler, he retained his contract, although he was the political antagonist of that gentleman. After Mr Tyler weat out of office, be again sbtained the contract, and held it until 1647. After the proposals for the new contrect were received, he went to Washington, aud found that bids from a variety of sources hed deen made against bim. A careful exam{nation of the bids led him to suppore there was something wrong. The first remarkeble circumstance that struck him, wae a delay of two months, on the part of one of the contractors. to execute his contract. His attention wes next called to the similarity between the hand- writing of the contracts of Carroll and Cook, and that +f Crowill, And if you, gentlemen of the jury, will take the trouble of looking at them, you will find the mort wonderful similarity between the handwriting of both, although it woud seem tbat ths figures in the columns were written by different persons, and filled up subsquently. Gentlemen, we have no evidence that there was any direct or indirect understandi between those parties— perhaps they never saw eacl other; bet you know how the gettiog of contracts is managed by third parties; but we have the atounding evidence of Crowell himacif, that he, in a fe after the contracts were completed, commenced working om a part of Carrell and Cooks coatract, at a much lower price than they received from the government, leaving them a profit of several hundred dollars a year, which goes strengly to show ere was fone sort of Understanding between d that Gevernor Hill had probable cause for therefore, contend ere is mo evidence of exprers malice, and we +ha') claim your verdict upon that ground. Again. we rhall conteud that the plainti? was justified im taking thote eteps, under the act of Congress for the purpose of preventing oollu-ion hetwoen parties biddiag under thore nete. ‘I brre night have been @ communication between Carroll, Cook, and Crowell, and it might be understood between them (although there is no evi- dence of that fact.) that he would bid lower, after- wards refure to carry out hia bid, and they, as the next Jowext bidders, would come in and get the contrasts, and that he would afterwards get « share of the profits. And from the evidence of Mr. Crowell, given om the stand before you, this ia not an uureasonable inference. Gentlemen of the jury, | am then justified in saying that Governor Hill sent in this memorial to assert his own rights, and to protect the public from collusion between individuals who wished to become contractors with the government; and you will also observe that tre men orial was presented by the express direction of the Postmaster General, who told Governor Hill that no action could be taken without the complaint war in writing. We rhall now proceed to offar sach proofs as we think mecessary, in addition to what has came out on the cross examination of the plaintiffs own witnerrer; and if we satisfy you that there was prebable cause that we acted on good faith, and with- out malice, we shall claim your verdiot Epausp Burke, Enq.. Commirrioner of Patents. ex- amined, de dene esse on thy part of the defendant. saith: That he is an attorney and counsellor at law by pro- fession, and resides, temporarily. at the City of Wash- ington, in the District of Columbia. and has known the defencant for about 17 years, Saith, [ have never made the rubject of the examination and comparison of hand+ritings matter of particular attention and stady, exe: pt asl Pave been obliged to doit in the practice ot my profession as a lawyer; inthe practice of my proferriop, many cares bave arisen in which | have had occasion to make @ particular examination aod com- parison of handwritings; {wasin the practive of my profession more or less from the age of 2! years until I oune to reride at Washington. nearly foar years azo; Thave had a great deal of correspondsnceia my profes- 8.00 ana lawyer, and officially asa member of Congress anda Commisrioner of Patents, aud have seen s very areat variety of banderiting; | have examined the bide and proposals delivered to ‘the Postmaster General forfurmishing blanke for the department, for the year 1846 or 1847, by Mesers. Carroll & Cook and Joneph T. Crowel, after they were opened at the Post-offlos De- paitment ; the defrndant. who was then in Wushing- tor, came to me, and Informed me that he was bidder. gud found himeeif underbid by Carroll & Cook and Crowell<that be had examined the pro- perais rent im by those gentlemen fuch @ streng resemblance between the general cbaracter cf the handwriting of the twe proposale, as to impress bim with the belief that there was something wrong. and he destred | should go with him to the Pest-ofee Department. and make an ¢xamins- tion of there prepesuis; I accordingly went with hi Sod we med+ scarcful and critical examination ¢ mpari: on of the character of the handeriting of & Cook and Crowell. and I resemblance between I examined particular letters and words, in the two proposals, which have a rong resemblance to each other, and was impressed before atated, that both proposals hand; but one of them was my opinion, T have to-day examined those more critically and carefully, perbaps, than oid when I examined them with Governor Hill, 1 ry ‘ith mall letter, are similar; are many words in the two propssais that bvicus difference, on olese and critical ion. Yet I now #ay, as | told Governor Hill, at the time we examined them together, that there ies strong general resemblance between them At the time Governor Hill and were at the Peat «fice Department an before +tated. and after we had mace an examivation and comparison of the hand- writirg a# before mentioned, | concorred with himin the opinion that there was something wrong in thaee two proporals. and |advi-ed him that he had better carry eut the intention which be had expre-ted to me, of copteeting the genuineness aud validity of those a sale be plaintiffe beving alleged that the defendant had furristed large quant ties of blanks after the pla ntiff bad completed his contrast, by way of anticipating them, and securing to himerlf a share of their prefite, w letter from Mr, Browne. the Assistant Pes'marter Geveral. dated March 24, 1847. was put ia and rad rbewing that ne blanks were furnished by Governer Lill but what were ordered by that letter. Avotber letter from the rame gentleman. to Carroll & Cook, dated the 10th April, was also put im and read, tosbow that, in coorequence of the law passed in March Iast. regula'ing the Post office D«partment, they were ordered to furoieh no blanks until new forms were wade cut and sent te them py the Deoartment. Rowsnr Monnis Exq. Postma-tor of New York. +xemned on the part of the plaintiff ‘rom his tenti mony iteppeared that Mr, Crowell did not put in his 1 ter until the Southern mail was closed; that he had then to put it ina private pouch kept in one of the beck officer; that it went from here to Philedel- phia in tbat powch, and was there overhauled, and the “Pbilsdeiphin which was one of the ¢ clcred on both sides. part of the defence. Ie seid the question tow jury bad to pass upon was. whe'ber Gover ne Hil made the communication to the Post faith and without malice and cause todo to. They would bear in mied tat be had sworn to the truth of the facts stated in bis memori @ could they believe that x man of his poricton sanding in reciety would have the hardihood to send in veh document. believing it to have ne found: for the purpore of gratifying malignant feoling, and to ennoy and barars men whom be never saw, or with whom be never came in colltston before ; or in other werds. could he be guilty of so highly moral an offence Sealnet the conviction of his owa miad for the purpose of slandering thore parties? Unless you come to the erpolnsion that Governor Hill was guil'y of this bighly Moral ¢flenee, you cannot flud a verdict against him. He then reviewed the evidence, and insisted that it tbhowed conclusively that Mr Hill acted with the greatest cireumspeotion; that he had consnited with bin friends before he hed taken any steps and that they had concurred with bim that there was something wrong in the bids. and advised bim to demend an in- vestigation. He pext commented upon the oondact of the plaintiffs in regard to their treatment of the de- fendant after the foves'igetion—floding that he was in error he offered to make them any reparation they could reasonably expect; but. instead of meeting bimin therame epirit, they rent = sheriffs deputy after bim, had him arrested and held to bail in a large tum, at © gread distance from his place of resis dence, ond afterwards made captions and frivolous ob- Jections to bis ball; and, in short. gave him every an- noyance they could and now reek to take from him @ Jarge som, in therbape of heavy da Counsel continued at considerable length and with great earn- enters to addres the jury. After he had oloved, the court adjourned tili to morrow (this) morning, whi plaintiff's counsel will eum up m-d upon the Ecuirses or 1849.--In the year 1349, there will be four eclipses--two of the sun and two of the moon. One of the lunar eclipses will be visible in the United States. The firat eclipse will be of the sun, on the 23d of February, and will be visi- ble in the western portions of Asia and the north- Western portions of North America. The second of the moon, on the Stn of March, and will be invi« sible throughout the United States. The third will be a total eclipse of the sun, on the 17th of Au. gust; and the fourth, an eclipse of the moon, on an of September--both invisible in the United eB.