The New York Herald Newspaper, December 25, 1848, Page 4

rations which are to come off.— Cceasionally some dare-devil of a fellow, with all heroism of a Mexican muchos, pelea his , and dashes into the ranks of the South, as a aereay ee a detachment of retreating Aray hoes. members from the North, under a lively apprehension of the signs ot the times, feel bound to follow, and thus we have had several descents into the very trenehes of the pe- euliar institution, if in the very wanton- ness of a power which they have just discovered they ss. We remember, when a,boy at school, there was a great overgrown fellow from the woods, whom we delighted to cow down into submission on the slightest occasion of bad beha- yior. One day he was observed steadily taking the measure of our apparent strength, and the re- ‘sult seemed to edify him; for, on asking him what the was doing there? he replied, * I was thinking ‘ou were ad—d rascal.” A fight easued—the bi Roy was tnumphant; and from that day we foun it expedient not only to change our depertment, but to keep out of his way, as he would frequently watch his opportunity for a blow without the slightest provocation whatever. This illustrates exactly the relation, past and present, between the North and the South. The big stupid clodhopper has found out that he is the strongest, and with all that shailow-pated spirit of revenge peculiar to a blockhead, he indulges in the exercise of his pow- er, as if to atone to his own conscience for his past cowardice, in his present reckless exhibitions of bravery. ¥ i Two resolutions adopted in the House durin, the week, most conclusively indicate that the Nort! have changed the'rtactics from submission to dic- tation. e first of these resolutions instructs the committee on the subject to report a bill for the government of Culitorma and New Mexico, with aclause interdicting the introduction ot slavery The second instructs the committee in the matter to report a bill suppressing the traffic im slaves in this district. These resolutions not only confirm the position of the House as determined against the extension of slavery, but, that so far from assent- ing to any compromise for itsexpansion, they are dis- posed as far asthe extreme limits of the constitution will allow, to suppress the institution where it al- ready exists. Having ina previous letter entered into some generalreflections on the subject, it is only necessary here to reiterate the indignation of the South, and that they have taken steps toward some plan of ultimate action azainst the emergen- cy foreshadowed in each of the foregoing resolu- tions. At the meeting Jast night in the Senate chamber, of members of the South, of both houses, Senator Metcalie, of Kentucky, in the chair, a com- mittee of one was appointed from each Southern State, to report some plan of operation, at an ad- journed meeting, in resistance of the threatened exclusions of the North. The House are engaged to-day en the private calendar. ; Thus closes the week in Congress. Out of doors there 1s great activity among our citizens, in pre- paration for the celebration of Christmas. _ : P. S.—We understand that the nomination of young Cass is wuhdrawn. The Southern committee is to report on the 15th January. The Weather, &c. The Portsmouth, (N.H.) Courter, of the 22d instant, says: After very mild weather for three weeks, in which ice has been scarcely visible, it began to grow cold on Thursday, the 21st, and on Friday morning the mercury stood at 11 above zero, and only rose to 14 at noon. It commenced snowing in the forenoon, and at three o’clock we have a white blanket of about three inches in thickness spread over the ground, and snow is still falling. The Boston Courier, of the 23d instant, states : «* The weather (says a correspondent writing from Middlebury, Vt. 19th instant) for two weeks past, has been warmer than ever known here at this zeason. We have had no snow, and but little frost. To-day is mild as May, with thermometer at6P.M., 53 degrees. Of sixty days past, more than thirty have been_ramy, and of course, we have mud to. spare.” The tone 1s probably changed by this time. The Halifax Courier, of the 19th instant, says : Sueh is the mildness of the present season, that the trees aré again budding forth ; and our atten- tion was eeeroaay directed to currant bushes and honeysuckles, which present all the appearance of spring. We are evidently drifting off to the south- ward. A telegraphic despatch from Portland, Me., of é 22d instant, states: It commenced snowing here about 11 o’clock to-day. A schooner, lum- ber laden, went ashore between Cape Cottage and -Portland Light, and has since bilged. The New Bedford Mercury, of the 23d instant, says: A snow storm commenced here on Thurs- day evening, and continued with much violence yesterday through the day. Wind due east ; ther- mometer 25 degrees, Farenheit. The snow is much drifted; average depth about 6 inches. The Boston Traveller of the 23d inst., +. M.» says: The storm has deranged the mails between this city and New York, so that we are still with- out the steamboat mail due on Friday morning. The day mail of Friday, by pray of New Haven, is likewise still behind. We learn through the telegraph that the steamer State of Maine, which deft Stonington for New York on Thursday even- ing, was compelled to come to anchor at Hart | Island, and return to Stonington last evening. The Massachusetts, which left New York on Thursday qrening, returned at 2 P. M. yesterday, and left an for Stonington this morning at 7 o'clock. She will probably be at Stonington in time for the New York train to Boston this evening; so that Thursday’s and Friday’s steamboat mail may be expected here to-night. The Cleopatra, on the Norwich line, as the telegraph reports, left New York at 4 P.M. yesterday. There was no Fall | River boat at New York last evening, but the | Governor is reported by telegraph to have been | there this morning. Adams & Co.'s express, by the Norwich line, arrived about one o’olock. The thermometer yesterday, when highest, 274; at 10 P.M., 14; this morning, at sunrise, 13. Barome- ter yesterday, when lowest (6 P. M.), 29:88; this morning, at sunrise, 30:26. The snow of Thurs- day afternoon continued to fal] nearly through the whole of yesterday, and part of last night: about four inches, on an average, have fallen. The wind yesterda: was easterly unti] about 6 P.M. ; thenN. W. The thermometer rose and the baro- | meter fell through the day until about 6 P. M. This morning the thermometer, at sunrise, was 19de- | ADDITIONAL INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE CALIFORNIA GOLD REGION. THE EMIGRATION TO EL DORADO. THE WESTERN ROUTE. he, &e. &e. Another Official Account of the Gold Region, QrARTEAMABTER’s Orrice, Sax FRANCISCO, ) Caxironia, Sept. 18, 1848, $ Six:—In compliance with am intimation in my monthly report of June 30, I to give yous basty account of California, as it is seen under the in- fluence of the gold excitement now prevailing through- out the country. I shall precede my remarks upou the mines by a few observations upon the situation of the country prior to their discovery. Up to the time the American tlag was raised in Cali- fornia, by Commodore Sloat, in July, 1846, the country may be said to have slumbered on from its first settle- ment, without enterprise or activity on the part of its inhabitants. Constitutionally indolent in their habits, the climate was admirably adapted to develope and per- petuate the worst forms o! thfulness and improvi- dence among the occupants of the soil. e people were too much the victims of these vices to become mn shepherds in the true rense of the word; and e they lived thout either milk, butter, or cheese, al- though surrounded by thousands of milch cows; and scarcely an attempt was made to call out the agricultu- ral virtues of the soil. A little wheat and eora, and few beans, pumpkins, and melo: istied the modi rate wants of those who had neve! wn the comforts to be derived from industry, and the grand staple of subsistence with all classes was the of their oi tle. The listlessness and apathy of this kind of life clung to the whole native epee and when the United States flag raised here, the country could boast of no improvements, either public or private, except what the moderate wants of a warm latitude rendered imperatively necessary. There were many Americans and foreigners in the country prior to the change of flags; but no regular emigration had taken place, and the uneettled condi- tion of politics, and constant revolutions, prevented snything like the systematic enterprise which might otherwise have been expected from citizens of Anglo- American origin. The herds of cattle wi the ranch re slaughtered for their hides and tallow, to be exchanged for merchandise as before, and the people continued to cherish their indolence as much asin former days; but the change of flags brought a corresponding revolution in the various occupations of life. After vhe first all for volunteers was answered, and foreigners residing in the country were at leisure toenter upon the improvement of their property, all became activity. Confidence was inspired by the in- troduction of American authority, and all believed that ‘they were virtually upon United States soil. Crowds came thronging in from the mountains, the forests, and the ocean; of rough exterior, but of indubitable An- glo-American origin, to seek their fortunes in a new country, under their own flag. Things soon assumed ‘a better aspect, and both agricultural and mechanical improvements were going forward rapidly under new auspices. Farmers were introducing the agriculture and horticulture of their own country upon California soil. and mechanical labor knew no respite from its toils, The interminable clatter of the hammer andthe raw was heard in every quarter; and frequently the mechanic, in his eagerness to succeed, did not recollect to“ divide the Sunday from the week.”’ Many little villages sprang up, as if by magic, in various parte of the country; and all arprgel fair for an indefinite continuance of every kind of improvement. But a change came over the face of affairs. latter part of February, 1848, @ mec James W. Marshall, was employed in buildi: sawmill for John A. Sutter, Erq., on the south branch of a river known in Cslifornia as the American Fork, some fifty milesfrom New Helvetia, or Sutter's Fort. On Fremont’s map this river is called “Rio de los Americanos.” It is the stream by which Captain Fremont dercended into the valley of the Sacramento iver, bye perilous march, in the winter and spring of J hile employed in cutting @ mill-race or canal for this ce orenen Mr. Marshall diseovered the pieces of gold as they glistened in the sunlight at the bottom of the sluice. Pieces of considerable size were taken from the water,and ina few days gold tothe amount of one hundred and fifty dollars was removed in this manner, The laborers on the works, mostly Mormons, soon became istied of ite precious nature, and the news spread rapidly about the country. Ex: aminations were presecuted at other points along the stream, and almost everywhere with success, Reports of most marvellous nature soon reached the coast, touching these mines. Their epperens extravagance created incredulity, and the public attention was not fully called to the subject until gold dust or grain gold was brought into the market in considerable quanti- ties forsale. Doubt soon became belief, and a change almost magical in its nature pervaded the whole popu- lation. Lawyers, doctors, clergymen, farmers, me- chanics, merchants, sailors, and soldiers, left their legitimate occupation, to embark in a business where fortunes were to be made in a few weeks, Villages and districts, where all had been buscle, industry, and im- Pfovement, were soon left without male population. Mechanics, merchants, and magistrates, were alike off to the mines, and all kinds of useful occupation, ex- cept gold digging, were apparently at an end. In most cages the crops were remarkably cood ; but they are generally lost or want of laborers to secure them. In fome parts of the country hundreds of acres of fine wheat will rot in the delds, from the impossibilicy of getting laborers. Vessels are left swinging idly at their anchors, while both captai crews are at the mines ; and the most essential p: ye and public improve: are arrested in their progress The wages of clerks bave advanced at least two handred per cent., and those of common laborers at least four or five hundred. At the time the excitement broke out, | was repairing the United States bark “ Anita.” ‘The workmen were receiving $3 per day, and lived on board the . They struck for higher wages, and one man finally left and forfeited all hi vious earn- ings, rather than to continue at work a few days more Common sailors demanded $100 per on schooners in the bay. Freight from this port to Sutter’s is from $2 to $4 per barrel. The distance is little more than one hundred miles. Com- mon four-ox wagons are hired at $50 per day. In one case | have known s negro cook to be employed at $25 per day for his professional services amons the pots and kettles in the gold regions. This was the condition of things about three months since, and under its influence this village was almost itely deserted. It had been one of the most bust- little places I ever saw, andina days it be- came a desert. Two or three merchants and afew soldiers constit the male population. Recently, however, there has been a reaction, which brings many back from the mines, and an active emigration is flow- ing in from abroad. Sickness hes broken out amo the miners, and many have returned, prostrated wit fevers, while others have come to avoid bsing s0. There is now a large number of laborers here, but many of them refuse to work on any terms, while those who labor do so at exorbitant prices. The ordinary compensation for white laborers is from $6 to $10 per day. 1 am now paying there prices for men I am forced In the ed. Sess below the Ngati point, or 4 degrees lower than on the 11th of November last. Sky this | morning very clear ; wind N. W. The Boston Journal of the same evening says: Considerable snow fell in this vicinity, and, as a natural consequence, the railroad tracks were 80 | eovered with snow thatthe trains on the various | roads with difficulty reached the city. They were | all delgyed from one to three hours. The train from Lowel!, due at 64 last evening, did not arrive until about 1 o'clock this morning. It came in with three engines. The Northern train, due at the same time, arrived at 124, noon. Naw ann WonperrvL APricaTION oF THE | Maenetic Tevecraru.—tIt will be recollected, | that in the beginning of the year, Mayor (luincy Tecommended that some system of telegraphic signals should be adopted with respect to the nu- merous fire engine houses in this city—so that, for instance, from some central point, information | might be communicated by the electric wires, to | every station at one and ‘the same time ; and so that again, information might be transmitted, at | one and the same time, from any one engine | house to all the others, as well as to such central point ; and thus make known on the instant, and all over the town, the moment when, and the place where, a fire breaks out. Last ct oe as men- tioned in our municipal report, the Mayor submit- ted his report, stating in that brief, condeased and aeceptable manner tor which all the public pape from his hands are distinguished, that such a sys tem Lad been completed, and would be tested be- fore the end of the year. At the meeting of the Common Council last evening, the members took | @ recess fora few minutes, and repaired to the telegraphic office to examine this new apparatus which excited their surprise and admiration. — It was put in operation, and while they were pre- sent, a communication was had with New York ; the wires of that city, so many miles from us, be- ing connected with this fire alarm apparatus in | a Boston. The correspondentin New York imme- diately sent on his reply by the same wires, the electrical action upon which instantly caused the deep-toned bell connected with the apparatus near the City Hall, to be rung; this great fire alarm bell being thws sounded in this city by the operator at the telegraph office in New York! Directly after, and while the New York operator was ring- ing the bell, the other bells here were rung by per- fons ignor: of what was going on, and, suppos- ing there was in reality a fire in this at the whole fire department at once turned out. It was fortunate that they did, for at the very same time @ fire actually broke out in Washington street, near Winter street, which by their thus speedy attendance, was extinguished without so great a damage as might have otherwise taken place.— Boston Traveller, Dec. 22 Mostariry or Bostox.—The whole number of d @ during the week ending at noon on Friday, was 75-—males 44; females 31; still-born5, Ob the whole number 1 died at [deer Island Hospital. Causes—scarlet fever, 13; consumption, 12 ; croup, 5; typhus fever, 3; lung fever, 3; disease of heart, 3; child-bed, 3 ; dropsy on brain,3; maras- | 3; infantile, 2; inflammation of lungs, 2 » 2; erysipelas, 2; hoop:ng-cough, 2; a dental, 2; [suicide, 1; yaigge (2 intemperance, | gmall-pox, paralysis, canker, dropsy, disease o} bowels, teething, debility, influenza; convulsions, dyscniery, and age OL brain, | each. 1 dedhanas | Francisco, sold in the mines for $24 in grain gold; and to employ for repairing the government lighter, and fordischanging the shipruntress now in this port. At the same time everything is high in proportion, Bat- ter sells by the barrel at $1 per Ib., and hams at the same price; flour is $25 per barrel, and pilot bread torty cents per pound. Forthe last three pairs of boots I have had, I have paid, respectively, $15, $14, amd $12 per pair. Other things are at corresponding prices in this place, but at the mines everything is much higher. Flour and pork vary in the mines from $40 to $200 per barrel. Common shoes, worth in Boston about 75 cents per pair, sell at $3, or even $12 per pair. There is a kind of recklessness about these prices which would be sought after in vain in any other part of the world. 1 saw a box ot Seidlitz powders, worth 50 centein San was credibly informed that brandy had been sold at $48 per botile. From this very imperfect price current, you can in- fer the cost of other articies in California. With the prices in the mines, however, the cost of almost every- thing in California has increased from one to several hundred per cent, Rents have advanced in some s tions of the country to an incredible extent. Sto: houges of the most fragile and insecure character rent for more than the best warehouses of similar dim sions in Boston or New York. Iwas at the mines about the Ist of July: at that time the weather there was insufferably hot. I think it by far the most oppressive climate | ever was -in. Itis much more uncomfortable than the climate of Bravil at the warmest season of the year, and every- thing was literally parched up after a drought which had then continued for near three months, and which had five months more to run to the rainy season. The sea breezes which extend up the valley of the Sacramento, never pass the Sierra Nevada, and seldom penetrate even the lateral vaileys and ravines of those mountains. and there was not # breath of air moving among the mines. The sun was blazing down with | more than tropical fervor, while his rays ware reflected | in ten thousand directions from the sides of the hills, | until the atmorphere glowed and giimmered like | air inafurnace. | then foresaw (what has since hi pened) that there would be much sickness among the miners. These people had deserted their regular oc- cupations; and complete change of life and an un- natural climate could not fail to act unfavorably upon health. Their diet was bad, their labors were severe, d they were exposed completely, without shelter in the day time, toa burning sun, and at night to the chilly atmosphere of the mountains. Many of them worked with their fect in the water, and inflamed their blood, in feverish climate, by a iree use of ardent spirits. The natural consequence followed. Many are now sick with bilious and incermittent fevers, dy- renteries camp fevers, ko. Most of the streams upon which gold is found mountain torrents, flowing through rocky, precipit channels and a yellowish red soil, There 14 apparently much iron in the earth ; snd where most of the gold is obtained, the bed and banks of the rivers are composed of coarse gravel, intermingled with sandand a yellowish earth. So far as 1 bserved or can ascertain from others, the gold is always found in the stratum of “drift” or “ diluvium,” unless it has been displaced by mountain torrents, or through other comparatively modern agencies, The fine gold is found on the lower portions of the streams, and is extracted from the earth b, ans Of washing in common tin pans, and vestels ery kind which can be substituted for them, The finest portions of the earth are removed by washing and # kind of gyratory motion of the pan: the gravel is taken out with the baad, and the gold is lett im the vessel, with kimd of black, ferruginous sand, not unlike that ured in writing. The residue (gold and sand) is then left upon & board or cloth, to ary, when the sand is blown off with # common bel- lowsor the mouth, while the grea’er specific gravicy of the gold causes it to remain bebiod. Much of the fnetof the gold is thus blown off with the saad and ont, Vast mumbors of rude machines, resembling nursery cradies, are ured in tuie business, ‘The rocking of the ish ace’ sethotens, iupedianenta to stop wl are ni pe ni coarse jieles of gold. Over the head of the cradie | ciency and fidelity yet ive Neen which the auriferous carth le a | by these events, where all are in the eager pursuit of | orose bare placed, and, the machine being in motion, water is poured upon the sieve, and the gold, sand, and fine earthy matter is thus taken into the body of the me- chine, while the gravel is rejected. All these methods are more or less im; ot, and the process by amaiga- mation with quicksilver has not been adopted up to thie date. It is supposed that at least one-half the 1d contained ins given quantity of earth is lost by fhe imperfect measures taken for cleaning it. As the workmen ascend the streams into the moun- tains, the gold becomes coarser and more massive, Oo the lower portions of the streams it isfound in thin, flat ‘ticles, resembling small golden fish scales. Higher in the mountains it is fonnd varying in size, from the finest particles to pieces of five or six ounces in weight, and of all conceivable forms. Many of the largest pieces contain small portions of quartz and other gra- nite rock imbedded in them. The coarse Cy! is dugout of the crevices among the rocks, in the dry beds of mountain terrents, with pickaxes, small irongbare, spades, butcher knives, sticks, kc., &e. Im many Ary the streams flow over strata of coarse slate or ding vertically, and between the different gold is deposited by the water. luyers ‘As no one, as yet, has found the gold in its native matrix, a question often suggests itself as to its origin. 1 believe the coarse gold is found near the spots whe: it originally lay in ite native bed, and that much of h ‘oid has been swept down from the mountains sof water. Almost all the rocks in Upper ‘are imperfectly organized, being soft and friable, and incapable of resisting the action of the In the process of time the mountains have gr y crumbled away into fine dust, and the gold has been liberated. The coarse gold, from its massire- t specific gravity, was not removed from jes, whereas the fine gold was swept off to the plains below. ‘The extent of these golden deposites it is impossible to conjecture, Gold has been found one hundred and fifty miles above Sutter's Fort. It is dug in great quan- tities at almost all points along Feather, Juba, and Bear rivers, and upon the Amerivan Fork and all ite tributaries, upon the Cosumnes and Stanislaus rivers, and upon both sides of the San Joaquin river. It has been found at Bodega, on the seacoast, and at various points in the chain of mountains which separates the waters flowing into the San Joaquin from those which enter the Paeific, as far south as Ciudad de los Ange- 8. It bas also been found in considerable quantities in the earth of the plains near the mission of Santa Clara. It is thus known to exist throughout a region of country of more than tix hundred miles in extent, and it probably extends into Oregon. There are subjects upon whieh one cannot write the truth without exciting incredulity, and it is with great diffidence that I shail attempt to speak of the richness of the mines, | went to them in the most skeptical frame of mind, and came away a believer. From all that | can learn as to similar deposites of gold else- where, I believe these to be the richest placer mines in the world. I am satisfied, from personal observation, that active workmen can get from $25 to $40 per day, estimating the gold at $16 per ounce, troy. Many in- stances are known of persons having obtained from $600 to $1,000in acuy foreach man, Iam meeting persons daily in this place, who have been absent Iss than three montheJand have returned with from $2,000 to $5,000 in gold dust. While among the mines, I col- lected a large number of facts, from which the follow- ing are taken at random, as aspecimen:— On the most southerly tributary of the American Fork, sixteen miles from the main stream, I saw where Mesers. Neilly and Crowly got, with sfx men in six daye, ten and a half pounds ‘of gold, avoirdupois weight, In the bottom of adry ravine of the same stream, Messrs. Daly and McCooms removed, with a party of India white men, $17,000 in two days, and within two hundred yards of the main stream. From another dry ravine, within afew rods of the last mentioned, it is said that $0,000 were collected in three days, Mr. C. S. Lyman, a clergyman, unaceusto: to labor, informs me that he got $50 for about five hours’ work each day. M. Vaca, a New Mexican, who resides about thirty miles from Sutter's, told me, he, with four other men, got seventeen pounds of gold, avoirdupois weight, in en days. Isaw the gold. Major Cooper, late of Miszouri, with two men and one boy, got $1,000 in two days. Mr, Sinclair had been engaged in digging gold ut five weeke, with a party of Indians, numbering ut forty—sometimes more and sometimes less. He ve his Indians meat, eugar, coffee, flour, rice, and per day. They were mostly wild and worked altogether with pans. In five fter paying all his Intians, and the current es of the party, he had §17.000, or upwards of ninety pounds, trey weight, of gold dust. The gold was shown. Mr. Norrisand one companion, took trom a dry ravine, not far from those already mentiened, $3,000 in two days, and the dirt was packed on horses more than two hundred yards tothe water. Mr. Asron Angland got from his own labor, in twenty conseeu- tive days after his arrival at the mines, $2,200. But I might go on stating facts like these until I should tire your patienc You will be anxious to know where this is toend. I see no prospect of exhausting the mines. The gold is found extending over an immense tract of country, and it in co universally diffused in the earth of the gold regions, that it may be said te constitute portion of they ate three tim Indian the soil. lt is most abu: tin the valleys andthe bedi streams, because fhe earth has been removed by je gold remains; but it is found on the and sides of the mountains, hundreds of feet above the water. When in mining country, I endeavored to obtain whatinformation the miners and others could afford an to the value ofthe mines, and the number of people employed in them. The lowest estimate | heerd made of the workmen was three thousand, including both whites and Indians; but this number was augmented Oregon earcely a mechanic left at Honolulu.— The tame is likely to be the case in Oregon, as every vessel comes in from there crowded, and we hear of & large overland emigratien, Among the people engaged im the mines, however, there are deserters from the army. trappe d mountaineers, who are naturally idie, dissipated, and dissolute ; in short, taken in the aggregate, the miners are the worst kind of laboring population. 1 have asked for estimates of the average gains of all the miners at work in the = regions, including bo' hites and Indians, and ave never heard them stated at less than $6 per for Ces oe nm. I believe, taking these minimum mates as data, I'am fully justifie that during the year commencing July 1, 1848, there will be $5,500,000 removed from the mines, reckoning the ounce troy at $16. This sum is considered greater, accerding to McCulloch’s Commercial Dictionary, than. the total amount of gold taken from all the mises in the United States for the fifteen years ending in 1838 ; and it is nearly three times as great as the entire gol coinage of the United States and allits branches for the same year. the last information I have been able to collect, I believe that something over $500,000, at $16 per ounce troy, will have left California in the three months ending September 30 ; and of this amount, at least four fifths will find its way to foreign markets, the case for scme years to come, unless immediate measures sre taken by government to establish a branch mint in California; and, in the meantime, United States coin is almost totally unknown from greatest inconvenience prevails for want of coin, while enormous amounts of uncoined gold are lying dormant in the hands of the people. If they seil it, a heavy sacrifice is incurred ; and, if they keep it, no improve. ments can be made, and they are destitute of the means of support. The interests of the United States, as well as those of{California, call loudly for immediate relief from Congress. It is impossible to Fesult of this sudden development of wealth It is suf- ficiently obvious, however, that the country will be prematurely filled by a restless, excitable, adventurous and reckless population, that extended agri- cultural or mechanical improvements are at an end | for some years to come. Gambling and all sorts of houghtives profusion begin to prevail. The present excitement will attract vast numbers of the idle, viclous, and dissolute, Refugecs from justice from the United States, as well as other countries, will | flock to Califo among the better disposed popu- | lation, and will find shelter among the almost in- ible fastnesses of the mountains, where such of wealth are now opened. These regions are of vast extent, and are remote from the regular settle- | ments, and from the operation of the laws. In the solf- | tery recesses of the Sterr: ‘ada are little clusters of | men, with nothing but the trees for their covering, | and no protection but their own vigilance andstrengts. | Many of thete people are known to possess very large | amounts of gold (sometimes as much as twenty thou- and dollars) wrapped in their biankets, where there is no eye to see and no sgent to pursue the guilty. Is it ttrabge, when the temptation ts so great, that the rob- ber and assassin should be abroad among the moun- tains’ Many robberies and some morders are known already to have occurred; but little attention is excited weslth No one can conjecture the extent of these | outrages, for living witnesses are not at hand, and dead men tell no tales.”’ ‘The strong and firm hand | of government must be promptly extended to save the country frum the mort revolting acte of vilence. | It becomes a matter of vital importance, therefore, that the most efficient meastres should be taken for | the establishment and preservation of good govern. | juent mm California, The Governor of the Territory | sbould be a men of the highest possible character for | talent, firmness, and intezrity; and no salary rto allowed for similar services im other United States | Territories, will be an adequate compensation here, | Any good laborer can realize fifty per cont more from his rervices than the highest government officer now | receives, taking the time together, for yesr I will be impossible to organize a good government under | tuitable men, unless the ralaries ot every class of go. | yernment agents are proportioned to the unavoidable expenses to be incurred in the country 1 know of no rection of the United States territories which more imperatively requires strong garrisons for the preservation of order. Without them, | believe the whole country willsiok into anarchy, and the worst orsible confusion. But, to preserve efficient garrisons n California, the pay of the troops mast be raised much above the present miserable pittaace allowed by Jaw, and very fevere enactments must be passed for the punishment of deserters, and ail aiders and abettors in desertion. American troops have never been expoaud to such incentives to desertion; and it is no deteac- tion from their high character to nay that addition. al pey andemoluments for faithful service, and more revere punishments for desertion, are imperatively ne- ceseary, if troops are to be kept in this country, Sol. diers are meeting persons every day, of characters and habits in no way superior to their own, who have real- ized more from three or four weeks’ labor in the min than is paid to them for five of the best years of th lives devoted to the service of their country, The people of Calitorn‘a sympathize with the soldiers, and desertion with # majority of them is not looked upon as. rtigma upon the character of the offeader. With ing pecuniary prospects befure them, and all the g* of their associater to support them, the mori f the troops will rapidiy deteriorate, until the mi cradle anewere to the gyratory motion of the pan, the Water, aud, and fine sand escaping from tae foot of the | tary estabiishment is broken up by desertion the miner of California are to be made a wcurce ofre. | by daily accessions from all parts of California, from | in concluding, | and conseyuently to foreign mints. The same will be | Cape Horn to Puget’s Sound. In this country the | foretell what will be the ultimate | Bore ey ‘off = the troops will then be in- ublic apo Bl + , nt servant 7) Fos ooo L. FOLSOM, tain and Assistant Quartermaster. Major Gen. Tuomas 8. Jesvr, Quarter: Gen. U.S, Army. Road to California, VALUABLE INFORMATION TO EMIGRANTS TO THE F'AR- THEST WEST. [From the Fort Smith Herald ] The following letter from General Arbuckle, isin reply toa ea np to bie. by, the ence a ie aper, in regard to the proposed rout ‘alifornia, up tho Canadian, ‘The information contained in the letter will be found of the utmost importance. Gen. Arbuckle has been stationed on this frontier for nearly thirty years, a great portion of that time at Fort Gib- son, and is, therefore, able to speak, in a great mea- sure, from personal knowledge and actual observation. He has travelled over at least two-thirds ef the ground several times. It will be seen that the General gives thefdecided preference to the south side of the river, and his reasons for so doing will be obvious to every one who wil) put himself to the treuble to look at the situation of the country, as laid down on the maps. T! letter is so full of information suitable for the emi rant, and indeed for the whole American public, that it is unnece for us to make further remarks, but will add that, emanating as it does from so high a source, it is entitled to the fullest consideration and credit. We request the papers in this State and else- where to copy it = GEN. ARBUCKLE’S LETTER. Heap Quanters, 77H Minitary Der’r, } Fort Sauri, Nov. 20, 1848. Dear Sin—I have received your note of the 27th ult., requesting information as to the best route on this frontier to California, which would have been eomplied with immediately, had time and circum. stances permitted. I now avail myself of the earliest convenient opportunity to give you such information as I possess in relation to this subject. 1 am not at all surprised at the deep interest mani- fested by tne citizens of most of the States of the Union, and particularly of this and the adjoining States, as to the best starting point, as well as the most practicable route, beeause the salubrity of the climate, the richness of the soil, and the many inducements held out for the acquisition of wealth, could not fail to attract the attention of the citizens of the United States, acknowledged to be the most energeti terprising people on the globe. Ido not entertain a doubt but that, upon an im- artial examination, this would be tound to be the est point for emigrants going to New Mexicoand Cali- fornia, to assemble and make preparations for their journey, as everything necessary for their transporta- tion and subsistence can be procured as cheap here, a with as great facility, as at any other point. There many other advantages which it posse: m important of which is, that its location may be considered at the head of navigation of the most im- am, sir, respe rtant river in the State, where steamboats can reach In connection r a considerable period of each year. with considerations, it is well the route from this place is the nearei found from our frontier to New Mi All the information | have been able to obtain, con- vinces me that a road should be laid out from this point to the head branches of Washita river, a distance of about three hundred and fifteen mil and which is nearly the direct route to our newly acquired territo- ries. It is believed this road should entirely on the south of the Canadian river, and appreach near to it, opposite Choueau’s trading house, which is lo- cated on the north side of the river, and but a short distance from it. This belief is based upon personal observation, in connection with information obtained from some ‘of the most experienced explorers. This route would be freer from obstructions, by water- courses, than any other that can be selected. It will 8 through a country that, in a few years, will pro- ably furnish all supplies necessary for the subsistence and comfort of travellers from the head waters of the ‘Washita; the proposed route would run over a prairie country, gently undulating, and well suited for a good road, intersecting Gregg’s course on his return from Santa Fe tothe United States, about sixty or eighty miles from the Washita. and continuing with it to the table lands on the western border of the plains— in all a distance of about one hundred and si at five miles—leaving the Pilot Hills to the south. hese table lands are reported to be very fertile, and to afford sufficient wood and water for a consider- able settlement. Here the direct route to fornia would leave Gregg’s trail and incline slight- ly to the south of west, for @ distance of about seventy miles, to the Pacos—an eastern branch of the Rio dei Norte, proceeding on the same course, about eighty miles, to La Joya, a village situated upon the Del Norte, and which is believed to be the proper point at which to cross that river on the most direct practicable route to California. I have availed myself of the most reliable maps in computing the distances on the route I have de- scribed, which makes the distance from this place to La Joya, on th Norte, six hundred and thirty miles ; being two hundred and fifty miles less (agreeable to the calculations of onr topographical officers) than the route from Independence, Missouri. It is true I have computed the distance from this point to the Del Norte by the maps; yet, from the nature of the ground upon which the road would run, its wind- ings would not, it is believed, increase the distance more than thirty or forty malles at farthest, still mak- it more than two hundred miles shorter than the a ouri route. In addition to this, the travel would commence on this route at least one month than on that, as itruns through a much warm tude, and vegetation is much earlier, consequently. ‘The truth is, the adv: others, are so numer tages of this route, over ali nd impertant, that it would extend this lette ady too long—to attempt to point them out. It is always prudent, however, before such an important work should be commenced, for the route to be thoroughly examined by the most expe- rienced engineers. ‘Very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. ARBUCKLE, Brig. Gen. U S.A. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE 8AME SUBJECT. era in to-day’s paper a letter from Major B. L. E, Bonneville, U. S. Army, to the editor of this F, on the subject of the proposed road to Califor- | Di Major B. is so well known in this section of the country, that anything coming from his pen will be received as authentic, and in every respect worthy of credit. His jong residence on this frontier enables bim to speak with certainty of the superior advantages of the route up the Canadian. A greater portion of | the distance he is well acyainted with; and as he was engaged two or three years in exploring the country between here and the Rocky Mountains and a greater portion of Oregon, he fs therefore well acquainted with the geography of the country. He knows all the | streams and their sources. The route marked out by | bim is BP the north ferk of the Canadian, on the south side, which he considers to be far the best ground over | which the road should pass, as it is free from moun- | tains and latge streams, which is not the case on the north side ofthat river. The difficulty in crossing the streams on the north side with caravans, in the spring of the year, would be wholly impracticable, as at that season they are generally full, and the bottoms | being of quick sand, would make them impassable for wagons, On the south side, the crossing of li streams is entirely avoided; besides, the dista: is ehorter and over com relent A level ground. 6 | streams on the south side are all very small. This is | the way travel'ed oe Leavitt and his party; and | We were or ent by Mr.Hudson,who was one ofthecom- | pany eo whole distance presents beautiful ni | tural'way for wagons, without any impediment what- ever, Besides, the Salt Rock or plains are situated on | the south side of the river, and at this place we have no doubt the government will establish military postand an Indian agency. To our mind, the road from Memphis should be via Little Rock, and from thence to this place up the south side of the Arkansas river. Weare assured by [iedacnd who are well ac- quainted with the country between Little Rock and this town, that a good road can be had, almost the whole way without hills, and would not’ ex milesin distance. The Arkansas river is ni generally, all the year, to Little Rock, and for gre part of the year to this place. Above herethe naviga- tion is very uncertain, and boats cannot ascend to Fort Gibson but very seldom, ‘Theretore, Fort Smith offers the best place for rendezvous, for compaaies bound for Santa Fe or California. The evidence of scientific men isin favor of the route up the south side of the Canadian, and we need only mention the name of Major Bonneville, as one who favors it. Other names will appear soon, that will add weight to it, and of such @ character as cannot be doubted : MAJOR BONNEVILLE’S LETTER. SARLISLE, Pa., Oot. 23. 1848, My Dear Sir :—I thank you most kindly for your paper of the 27th ult It was indeed truly refreshing to notice the proceedings of the meeting on the sub- ject of the route to Santa Fe through Arkansas. It was first rate and most laudable to the cluster of wor- | thies, who have co warmly andso determinedly step- ped forward on a subject so interesting to our whole State. With all my heart, I wish you ail the success in this matter which the subject so eminently de- rerves, This route possesses 80 many advantages over any other, that the government cannot turn away from facts so indispensably useful and economical to them, It is shorter, is more level, bas water and good encampments every mile of the way,and now, that Lieut. Buford and his company have passed, they have left « good trail, and he gives this rout the preference by far. Itin settledone-third of the way, and beef and corn can be purchased that for. It can be travelled earlier in the spring and later in the fall, and besides possesses advantages not found elsewhere—the Canadian river affording quantities of sweet cotton wood, rashes and winter grass, enables parties of size to travel it at all sem. sons; even when the prairie bottoms are burnt, the Ca- nadian bottoms are always rafe. You still want one thing, however, to make this route perfect. It is a post where the Texan boundary crosses the Canadian ri- ver. This point cannot be far from the present set-_ tlemente, (fr you are aware that they stretch oat nearly 200 miles west of Fort Smith, aad would be, as it were, a half-way house, where parties might refresh and rest, if necessary, Jt would draw around it nu- merous traders, desirous to participate in the trade of the prairies. The settlement, Creeks and Texans, would advance under its protection, and it is the very spot to control the wild epirits of the prairies, Tais post would be supplied with as much ease and secu- Fity as Fort Washita bas ever been, The government, | believe, contemplate establishing one or more poste from the States to Santa Ke. If you indeed, could secure this for our . you would, have accomplished service worthy of your efforts. Your friend, B. L. E. BONNEVILLE Movements of the Miners and other Emigrants, [From the Bostou Journal, Dec. 22 | The brig Saltillo, the firet cf the California fleet, cleared at this port this morning, for San Franc! Califor nia, and is the first vessel which has cleare thie port constwire for that tar off region She has large and assorted entgo, consisting of axes, iron safes, candies, soaps, tobacco, boots and shoes, dry goods, shovels, spades, hardware, flour, and 20 quarter casks, 40 bbie brandy. 5 pipes gin, 25 bbls, whiskey. 20 ', conks, 50 boxew wine, 50 boxes cider, 20 bb! ‘The 8. takes out as Jas.W. Mason, Thos. . B. Ki ), Lemuel A. Clark, He: M. Ferry, Willard oor, Win H. —_, of Cambridge rt, 6 George H. Spaulding and Edward E. Cheever, ; 10 casks porter, 249 packages liquors and wines. 1 port , of Salem; Mr. ham, of Roxbury ; Benj'n J. Drew, Mr. Johnsom SCENE pnemeesiinicdatienaienlench tsa wahs's above passengers—and we suc! the fact in regard to a larg tion of the others who are waiting to start from this port—are persons of good character and respectability—being many of them the hard-fisted yeomanry from interior towns. Such ersons, going from New Englend, trained under her institutions, we doubt not will exert a good influence wee that new country, which now occupies so much of the public mind. We are informed that the Boston pilots are intend- ing to despatch one of their fleetest boats, the “Ano- nyma,” (75 tons) in about week, from this port for California. (From the Boston Journal, Dec, 23.) The Boston and California Mining and Trading Co. have purchased the ship Edward Everett, are it fitting her up for the voyage to San Francisco. Capt. Otis N. Cutler, late of the Massachusetts Vo- lunteer Regiment in the Mexican War, (says the Vou Populi, is forming & for an exploring expedition to California. He meansto be off by the first of Janu- ary; and proposes to take the overland roate—by of New Orleans; thence to the Brazos, and across Mexican territory. He thin! accomplished in about thirty da; will not much exceed $100. (From the Bosten Journal, Dee. 23.] Mr. Frank Bates a native of Barre, in this State, writes home from the Sacramento, as follows: ‘I sup- pose curiosity may prompt you to inquire how much gold Frank has obtained. 1 will only inform you that at this date | cannot enumerate the thousands, as [ have stored it in masses—and shall make additions till 1 am satisfied to return home.” The above mentioned individual was on the spot when the gold placers were discovered. His success is con- sequently no augury of the success of those who are about starting for California. J.E. Weeks mpbell, reporters for the rin this city, are about relinquishing d proceeding to California. [From the Salem Gazette, Deo. 23.) The first coastwise clearance to Califor: m custom vessel cleared, w: by The following are her passengers :—Alfred Peabody, Jehn Beadle. oe Dennis Rideout, George R. Buffum, Geo, W. Kenney, Jonathan Nichols, all of Salem, an J. H. Parker, ef Boston. The Barnstable’ Patriot states that the gold fever is raging in that town, and that arrangements are mak- ing to form a company to go to California, from Mars- ton’s Mills. Sporting Intelligence. Lovistana Rackes—Merainiz Jockey Crus,—Thurs- day closed the sports over the Metairie Course, with the best three in five race. There were five entries, to wit: Rigadoon, Fred Kaye, Little Mistress, Mary Bowen, and Ann Hughes, From the time the entries were made, (on Monday, three days previously,) up to the time of starting yesterday, Mary Bowen was rather the favor- ite, while Little Mistress was what might be called the second favorite. The race had been postponed from day to day “on account of the weather.” On the track, just before commencing the running, Rigadoon was withdrawn. The result of the race proved that Little Mistress was the “better horse.’? She took the first, second and third heats, never being headed once from the jump. In the first heat she distanced Fred. Kaye in 2:5, and in the last heat she distanced Ann Hughes, the time of the heat being 1:5934. This tells the story; but how to describe the day and condition of the track, would puzzle a “Philadelphia lawyer.” Our notion of the thing, however, is, thatany sane man would sooner have entered a mud machine tha ate the Metairie track yesterd was it. Intruth, it more r than anything else, and we all surprised at any moment, had @ flock of ducks lighted on the track—mistaking it for the adjacent canal—only that ducks are not such great geese where there ar many sportsmen. As for a description of the day, we will give that up. We hope never to see another like it. Early, it was warm and cloudy. About half-past one o’clock, P. M., the sun shone out, “and all the clouds that lowered o’er our’’—hopes for fine weather, did’nt quite git out of the way. The hopes for fair weather were all suddenly dispelled The sanguine “knowing ones” were utterly discomfited when least they expected a reverse. Darkening clouds gathered in the western horizon,and the rumbling thunder was heard in the distauce! It was too late to go back! The horses were on the track—the spectators were in the stands—the bets were made. The drum is tapped —the horses start--and here comes the rain in tor- rents! It rained throughout the whole time of the race; particularly during the time of the last heat, when the horses were actually out of sight on the back stretch, owing to the heavy torrenés of rain. But as we have already told the story, we can only add the v » Dec. 14—Purse $250—Entrance ten per cent, added—Best three in five—Mile heats. T. B. Goldsby’s ch. f. LittleMistress, by Sham- rock. dam by Wild Bill—4y 0........... 1 D.F. Kenner’s (A Lecompte & Co.’s) ch. m. Mary Bowen, by imp. Leviathan, dam by Stockholder—5 Y¥.0.......eseceeeee+s 2 22 R. Ten Brock’s b. m. Ann Ilughes, by Envoy, dam by Bertrand—6 y. see e ese seeeres Sdis J.A. Valentine's b. g. Fred. Kaye, by Grey Eagle, dam by Moses—6 y.0............ dis, Thos. J. Wells’sch. g. Rigadoon, by imp. Gien- ++. drawn, coe, out of Fandango—8 y.o......., ‘Ti 2:0333—1:5933. Marine Affairs- Steamsnir C T City vs. Tue Bauize Piet Assoctation.—Captain Charles Stoddard, master aud part ewner of the steamship Crescent City, for himself, and in behalf of the other owners. and to the use and benefit of the underwriters of the vessel, and her cargo, etc., has libelled the Pilot’s Benevolent Association, at the Balize, for damages sustained while the vessel was ashore in October last, at the Southwest Pass, on her passage from New Orleans to New York. The libellant avers that the vere] was driven hard and fast aground on the night of Oct. 1, in the mud banks, in seven to eight feet water, (when her draught was fourteen fect water,) while in charge and under the direction of the pilet, Joreph Dunham, a member of the Association, through bis“ incompetency, carclessness, and want of skill ;” and that although every effort was made by the libellant to get her off, sometimes having slx towboats engeged in she could not pe got off until he obtaine rom New Orleans to lighten remained aground until the 27th, eight days. The following is the bill of damagei Actual amount expended in ge’ the ship off, Demurrage, for eight days, at Toes of money, by passongers ieaving the ship, °". "160 Depreciation in the charsoter an reputgtion of he ship... 19,000 Loss of freight and passage money on bet return trip... ..19,000 Total amount + + $38,360 Domestic Miscellany. They had quite a fall of snow at Minden, La., on the 2d inst. Brevet Major Grayson, we hear, has arrived at Detroit, to take charge of the commissary office for that department. The Free Will Baptist church on Temple street» Portland, was injured by fire on Thursday to the amount of $2,000. The mad dog mania has reached Lynn, where the News records two cases. Daniel Heckerthorne, the dupe of Tyler in the commission of the murder of Daniel Scamp, in Williams county, Ohio, is to be hanged April 20. A cotton factory is about to be established at Washington, 1).C.° $30,000 of the stock has already been taken. Jonathan Kimball, of North Malden, who disap- peared very suddenly while at New York, about eight months ago, and who, it 1t was surmised, had met with foul play, has returned safe to his family, although notable to give any particular ac count of himself while absent. South Carolina does some things so handsomely as to extort respect. Her Legislature has just ap- pets $50,000 for a monument to those’ of the Palmetto Regiment killed in battle in Mexico. There has been considerable excitement in La- fayette, Ia., 1n consequence of the supposed dis- covery of a valuable lead mine, near that place. The evidence on which the belief 1s founded rests on the revelations of a young lady while in a mes- meric trance. Workmen have been busily en- gaged at the designated spot, with pickaxe and shovel, but no lead has as yet been discovered. _ Queer Fisn.—E, A. Johnson, of Nahant, while fishing for cod fish, about ten miles to the east- ward of that Peninsula, captured a huge monster of the finny tribe, called a “nurse, fish, or sleeper.” ‘It measured over ten feet in length, and weighed about one thousand pounds. He was | accidentally hooked in thejfin, with a common cod hook, and entangled himself in such a manner in the fishing line, that Mr. J. succeeded in drawing him to, the surface ot the water, where, with the assista&ce of another fisherman, he succeeded in disabling him go as to get him on board the large boat that was anchored near by. He was brought to Nahant, and afterwards taken to Boston for ex- hibition, This fish is very rarely taken in our waters. It is of the shark family, but much less active.—Lynn Nei Susrrcten or Drownina 4 Man.—Gilbert Cou- tant and John Johnson, were arrested on Thursday evening by third municipality police, at Lake Pontchartrain, on suspicion of having drowned the man named James Hunter, whose body was found in the Lake on Thursday mérning. The iad and the deceased, it appears, were all on board a schooner belonging to the former; and there is yet no other ground for suspicion. They say he fell overboard and was drowned. He was an Englishman by birth ; arrived here from New York about two months since, and has left a wife and family, residingin Latayette.—N 0. Crescent, Dec. 16, Yucatan.—The Boletin Oficral, of the 29th ult., says that the advantages gained by the 3d and 4th divisions of the army, operating in the direction of Yaxcaba, are very important -eapecially the occupa- tion of Tiholop ‘The whites have thus penetrated to the very heart of the enemy's country, being close upon Peto avd Tihosuco, their last haunts, The Bolen compliments highly the prominent officers for their res, and argues that the moral force of the In- quite broken by their repeated defeats. The eof the State are exh however, and the tral Government Je behind hand with its monthly Police Intelligence, Charge of Conspiracy —A complaint was made ow Saturday before Justice Lothrop, by Luther L. Mills, of the of Mills & Homand. ot Connecticut, manufacturers, against John L. Haynes and C) Sepiriceal Stang soa tetaet ane ee 1 purpose of cheating and defr out of a. 000. "The dete lot of wrapping paper, valued at $3, n dants vif ~ pears, brokers, and represented: to-An F. Douglasr, the general agent for Mills & Hassard, that they bad a customer for that amount of pw) but, after getting the property into their they refused to render any account or pay fur the seme. A warrant was i--ued for their arrest, officer Walling, of the lower police, arrested the cused parties. On their being brought before the ma- istrate. they stated that upon s hearing they would Be abi im to the court that ¢! was unfounded. A hearing was then granted: and the rl mh be heard on Saturday morning next, at ten o’elock. Heavy Robbery.—A few days ago a merchant from Boston. by the name of Isaac Newton, was induced to Visit a houre in Jobn street, in company with @ young woman named Clara Wood ; and, while in the room to- gether, ber companion, a noted thief called Charley Sh emerged from a closet and stole from the wallet of Mr. Newton $800 in bank bills. The money was not missed until the next day, when the aid of officer Norris, one of the Chief's excellent aids, put on the track of the thieves, and, in a short time succeeded in arresting the two accused parties, Clara and Slate, tie are now both committed to the Tombs on the charge. Oh! for Catifornia.—Officers Walling, and Hulse, of the 3d Ward, arrested yesterday a young man by the name of Thomas » (the other name tolearn,) on a charge of roboing his mo’ f $500, for the purpore of going to California. It appears that his mother resides in the vicinity of Newark, New Jersey, tT order in his mother’s y de- posited, and raised $500. After procuring this eum,he proceeded to New York, purchased bowie knives, pistols, gold pens. kc &c , and was preparing to start in a shi; on Wednesday next for California. His brother foun his whereabouts yesterday, over in Cherry street, and caused his arrest, On his person was found $150 only, out of the $500. He was conveyed back to the resi- dence of his mother, yesterday afternoon, by offloer Hulee, when, no doubt, some further explanation would be obtained. The money, he said, was only bor- rowed, and would be returned ten-fold in gold dust, on his return from the gold region. Burglary in Pearl Street.—in noticing, the other day, the arrest of Stewart and Williams, for breakin; into the grocery store of Smith & Carey, 480. Pear! street. Capt. Ditchett, of the 4th Ward, was the offi- cer who discovered the burglars in the store, and ai rested one, and caused the other to be arrested soon after. We give this in justice to Mr. Ditchett, ax his name before was not mentioned. From Nassav.—Files of the Guardian to the 9thina have been received at Charleston, The late heavy weather has prevented the werkmen engaged in re- moving stone from the shoal in the harbor from cone tinuing their labors effectively, consequently but little progress bas been made within a few weeks. A meeting of the officers and seamen of American wrecked vessel nd of Ameri residents, was held at Nassau, New Providence, on the 8th inst , at which Capt. Joha Cross, late master of the bark Gi a Henry, presided, in which resolutions highly compli- mentary to John F, Baron, Esq., American Consul at that place, were unanimously P rxaserr and ordered to fassau Guradian, with » request be published in th P they might be c United States. Arrest in Norwicn.- The agent of Adams & Co., in Norwich, has been arrested, charged with robbing his employers. He has hitherto been back- ward in his collections, and announced to Adams & ‘0., the other day, that he had been robbed of a pack- age, containing $2.500, which be left upon his desk. investigation led to his arrest upon the abovo Boston eller. the pied into the newspapers of Married, On Wednesday evening, 20th inst.,by the Rev. C. C. Pise, Mr. Jon McNa ty, to Miss Mary U, Fox, eldest. daughter of Edward Fox, all of this city, At Poughkeepsie, on the 20th inst., by the Rev. Mr. Mann, Mr. Turopone Patterson, of this city, to Mise Canouine E., eldest daughter of James Vassar, Esq., of the former pl 1s On Sunday, 24th instant, Dr. Evcens O’Svttivan. His remains will be taken, for interment, on to-morrow (Tucrday) at 2 o°clock, P. M., from his late residence, 1 Columbia street. His friends, and those of his sons, Rev. James and J. 8. O'Sullivan, are respectfully invited to attend. On the morning ot Sunday t ith inat., in Jersey City, Jaxx, daughter of William and Maria Woods, aged 4 Logg and 8 months. Funeral this forenoon, at 10 o’elo e On the 19th inst., at Georgetown, D.C., Lucy, daugh- ter of the Hon. Wm. Duer, of New York, aged 4 yearo and 1 month. At Buffalo, on Saturday, the 23d inst., Essa, third daughter of Morrison, Liout. R. MARIVINE INTELLIGEROM. —= © Quaid ca beng NOTICE. ‘cmman vessel und to this will com fer @ favor upon us by having all wh 4 repo, intended for the New York Her ead foe lelivery te our news steamer, the Bor. She will board inward bound vessels in the vi. einity of Sandy Hook. Those bound to other whether foreign or domestic, will-confer an sdditiona? favor by forwarding to the Herald, through the mail. or otherwise, ship news or papers that may be deemed of interest tothe cemmunity. We will gladly recipro- cate the favor. Port of New York, December 25, 1848, 12 | soon mises 33 l wien water arrr Steamship Cherokee, Lyons, Savannah, 68 hours, with cot ko, to8 L Mitobell, Strong head winds.” Deo Zi, lat 32 #7 lon vee 40. quchangod signals with steamer Anglo Saxon, steezing Souths. 22, Int 34 97, lon 75:80, ‘airfiel reg rl Bae, ape , with ship id, jorwegian bark Porsgeund, Arveskaug, ‘Celte, 44 days, wine, oh Lienan. by the Nows Dir rd Brig Wreighten Blasseeas ween ae , Blanchard, 8t Martins, “V days, with Faulie & Sens, Left no Am Veesels, the Twas [ert Bz. Banal ‘News Boy; she has had a pilot on ‘board since Inst Bng Brazilian, Morell, Turks [sland, 11 ith x toa Fiusbard & Co. Was boarded by the ns Boy. i Sone Schr Patrick Henry, Chester, Savannah, daye, with cotton, Me an hing oe in 00 bark Mazeppa and br Challenge, Redd. Georgetown, § dayan 7 2 Nowe Bey. Sehr Trio, Pam pus, Florida, 10 days, Schr Era, Chamberlain, Boston, 4 d: Schr Gen’Foster, Yeaton, Basi port ia Providence. Jaco! ellow, Barter, Mac Schr E Wright, (ew) Wright, Addison, 16 daya, Below. Bark Maseppaand brig L, Baldwin, both from Savannah. Salled, Saturday—Steamship Crescent City, Chagres, Mr Spinr: Pilot, informs us that @ fore and aft schooner, wish be tock toe North Caroli it : NE gale, 10 mileo 8 of the Woodlands” "°™. more ia the late Mr F Dibble, pilot, informs us that be experionced the NE in Gti boat Mary Ann, Fire Island NW 16 miee Gone she bad one of her boa Rone, and reosived other damage, 8 y to ours. estes ti Camptol, henes for Wiknington, NG. moo™ Beitiah ship John ‘The brig Mareollois, for Bermuda, has anchored in the bay. Tho British bark Helena, Borrell, hence for Gal rst inst, returned Baturday, leaky, and will discharges” oaeniie D 5 ; ean. Dig M—Wind, at sunrise, NE; meridian, NNE; gun Herald Marine Correspondence. East Macuras, Dec 20—Arrived—Sohs Hantah, Cully, Bos- ton; splendid, Ingala, New York; George Evans, Keller, Boston. Sailed—Brig Agate, (: ew) Spugen, Barbadoe, brig Murill, Sta~ Re Havana; sobs ane gw) eller, Sagua Le Grande, (Cuba); ork. Misceliancous, Lerrer Bacs for Havana, Chagres, Panama, and the Raclto, ill cloeo at the Exchange Reading Room, day, at 10 ovlocks a big ea ie ein thus, etter Bagtor Liverpoo!, per steamer Niagara, will be made fpat the above office, this day at 12 o'clock, and forwarded to joston. M Stoop Eesex, Millard, from New York, of and for Fall River struck on East Ledgo, Fisher's Island Sound, no dato, and arrived at Stonington Iéth, in a damaged state. Hor cargo, iron, was discharged, and the vessel taken to Noaal on the railway for ropaira, Home Ports, Boston, Deo 22—Arr brig Laybold, Halifax. Coaptron. Dec 2 Amt lark Falomon, (Sp) Ros, Havana: }rig John Balch, Melivillo, Mill Stone Point! Cld ship Samoset, Tucker, Liverpool; bark Jupiter, Bigley, Boston; Sp polucre Men= tagera, Ventosa, Barcelona; sche Viovoria, Fisher, Abaco. Sle thip Caroline Read, Read, Liverpool; barks Caroling, Godfrey Nv ‘lyde, Homer, @ Southern port; Numa, (Sp) Martorell, triss Rengon, (Sp) Colima, dor Julite, (Sp) Cotime, can, West Indies; Baltimore, Browa, Phil ‘lelphia. Lavello, W Indies, ‘In the Roads, ship Cor i the U has boon dotained off the bar ssveral connisting of tobe placed. days by the fog. New Onveans, Deo 15—Are steamship Palmetto, Smith Gal TSitryy ships Hoonaventurs (3p) Gronny, Barcolonsy Fanshota, (Sp) Molas, do; bark F a Everett, Carlton, Belfas:; brig Montes rey, Kellogg, Boston; sehr LM Hitcho Die ke, Bossler, Cha: shits John ( Coster, Durfey, N York; Erin's Qa: pl Liverpool; barks Floyd, Mayberry, Provide id Nickels. Nikole, Horton; J Merithew, MoGhie oi brigs Pxblo, (8p) Sensat, Barcelona; Rainbow, Emcraon, N York; sche Sea Lorso, Beifour, Mobile; Brasor, (s) Breachinger, Velasco, Toxas; Wash- ington, (8) Havilland, do, Below, ship Atala, and six squato rig. Nd bark Mohawk, Lord, Rio Grande; briy Frie, Fromhager, amimeo, Sd bai hawk, Lord, Rio Grande; sebr. G y, French Jorse} pA Savanwan, Dec 19—Arr ship Buena Vivta Muster], Bath, Mo; fohr Midas, Hagedorn Rioée Janeiro, Cld bark Baltic, Sanadors.. NY sehr ti Westoott, Hard, jladelphis. In port, ships disg; Hiloa, ; Samuel, Leigh: Theo- Pook Tamerlane, Wenderson, whe pool, Irvine, Liverpool; Hutrinsio, (Br) Rosin Witt i} Hanter, Hut; Yeoman, Pardyn, w }, Daokett, wtg; Mountaincer, Carr, wtg Quom Por 3 Thomas, (Br) Lruner, Liver, wtey Athol. (BF) Aut Vnvoorn, (Tr) Pollard; Sane Low don, (Br) Langford, Y re) field, (Br) Ray, digg; Bona Dea, (fr) Buchanan, disg; Bil Wetachiin tiag: Texan, MoNair, N Benj Adams Coombs, Boston; Quilfu Knowlton, Boston, anders, do; Sarah ‘Boyd, Dranmond wig: Gols, Tneobold, wtg; Adolph, Reimers, B Ayre; Mayflow: er, Uitchooek, Antwerp: brigs Cyclops, Cathoun, wee; Kachal, Stcy hone, Foliansbee, Ren} Carver, Carver,’ w gon, Mather, N ork; Al York; rohs Eaton, dive? Dart, Somers, dis Indeiphin; Clinton, Andrewa N York: ‘aroline, Gilkie,’ Philacelphin; Madi: +, Miller, weg: Chas J Lei nz ‘nbee, Fhiladeip!ia; Sea Mew, Lawrence, wtg; Midas, Wi. ‘wig Maoon, Sheffield, N York, Old brig Madivon, Ma. ork. ther, N poseaess pies, Pav awwant—Stoamship Cheroker— slated, Mrs Pron ti ond child, 211 Whive, M Trotter, H Gowdy, AN ‘Miller, J Pry, and 7im steerage,