The New York Herald Newspaper, July 5, 1848, Page 2

IEW. YORK HERALD. Berth West Corner of Fulton and Vassaa sts. _Gaurs GORDON BENNETT, EDITION FOR EUROPE. Rew Vork, Wednesday, July 5, 1844. Actual (treulation of the Heraid, Acgregaie iesve in Jun a copies. = ast weak ‘ = — “ Monday... ‘ 19,54“ ‘The potlication of the Morning Edition of the Her : Mencee Feererdny at minutos past T ‘ian, wid Ao. Cevee’.” The Evewng Editi t3 Minntes past Sood THE FOREIGN MAILS, THE SEW POST-OFFICE ORDER, ME, NEW YORK,?> . POST OFFILE 3, ISIS. 5 1 Lave received from the Post Offies Dear ment, an Order, of which the following is a copy, together wi Law of Congress referred to. ROBT. I. MORRIS, P INSTRUC? IONS, 1 Letters, or other maiiable matter, coming into the United States, from foreign eountries, or going ont of t Stator to other countries, are required 10 be seat Port Office at the place of departure or arrival. T to Le eherged on all letters going out of the Uni to, or through, the Kingdom of Great Britsin, or ita ¢ creoring from, or throngh, the Kinvdom of Great Bri or ite Colonies, into the United States, by any fo or other vereel, will be as follows, the postage: letters, or «ther mailaile matter, to be pre-paid not exceeding half an ounce in weigh “ fountrien by a forvizu packet, 24 cer Ralf ounce, ‘or fraction under, an ad itional prota and ifeonveyed between te two countries, by any fm ship or verrel, when weighing half an omnea, or under, ‘age Will he 16 cents; and for each add nee, or fr under. an additional posinge of 16 Be chargeable with postage «ffour cents ; wot, of winted matter will be ra‘ed as a newspaper, Any violati 1¢ law will bo reported, with the evidence, ta the Dist e1ry oF a wepapera will the ey, for proseenticn, Jom General Teyior In New Yo & From a yerusal of our graphie reports of the Toylor meeting, which was held in this city a few days since, persons at a distance might suppose, from the contrariety of opinion developed on that oc mm New York as he really is, or that Mr. Clay is the favorite of the whigs of New York. An in- ference of this kind woutd be unjust, and in order to develope the fact, and to show cause for the eontrariety of opinion which characterised that meeting, it may be necessary to advert to the his- tory of the country for the last eighteen months, or two years. After the battles of Palo Alto and de la Palma, General Taylor’s name, in connec- tion with the Presidency, wv first. menuoned by this paper. We had previously seen the man, and knew something of his great and gallantry, and as soon as he was placed we knew that he would create a feeling in the breasts of the people that would elect him to the Presidency. city of Monterey ensued, and at about the time when that great military feat was accomplish a knot of politicians—of watt: and ends of all parties, and all factions, conceived the plan of taking General special care, and of directing the popular feeling am his favor. They accordingly set to work, hired a room in Military Hall, Bowery, organized what they called a Rongh and Ready Club, cut out and apportioned all the offices among themselves and their friends, and by way of clenching the matter, ; secured the aid of a rickety evening paper, with- | out influence or circulation, to fire its popgun on every occasion when General Taylor's name was mentioned. This was the first petty movement by the office- , seeking politicians to secure the nomination and election of General Taylor; but it will be per- - eeived that it was not undertaken until a long time after General Taylor had been named for that ugh office, and after he became so popular that his name was on every tongue, and his servi treasured up in the, brea of his fellow-country- men. Meanwhile, the popularity of the old hero was becoming greater and greater every Military Hall clique congratulated themselves that they had played a trump card, and were certain of : getting the offices and emoluments which they h in view. But they were destined to have rivals in the field; for some time after General Taylor became so popular that it w: ut he would 28 8s evid be nominated by the people, by acclamation, as their candidate for the Presidency, politi- cians throughout the country hoisted the Tay- lor standard, and soon after lie was nominated at several State conventions, and by several legislative bodies. While all these things were going on, there was another clique of politici closely studying the signs of the times, and w ing for an opportunity to show their hands in favor of the man whose popularity would elect him in P case of his nomination. They met and consulted . together, from time to time, and finally decided $ that the time had arrived; and immediately the Taylor standard was hoisted in the columns of the Courter and Engurer, and Lafayette Hall, in Broadway, hired for the tings of the Wall street Taylor clique. 7 of officeholders of all parties, who cor gether to effect Gener: 4 through that and his election, to obtain the long sought-offices which they had in view. Between the two rival factions, there was much bitter feel ing and ill will, Each was j of the othe and each insisted upon being considered the T party of New York and the whole North. There were other politicians, however, who did not mee is ‘Taylor's nomunation, and appreciate Gen. Taylor's position betore the coun- | try, who thought his popularity was evanes nt, ; and would entirely subside long before the meeting of the whig National Convention in Philadelphia, and who likewise had an eye to the spoils of office. . Theee elected to standby Mr. Clay, and to take heir chances with those of the statesman of the West. This is a short sketch of the preliminary mo ” amenta and occurrences that took place within the last eighteen months, and of the intrigues of the several factions of office-seeking Kinally, the whig National Convention asse bled, and aftera hard struggle between the Clay and the Taylor delegates, the latter succeeded, and Gen Teylor was nominated as the whig candidate for the Presidency. By this event the ultra Clay men were mortified, their long cherished hopes of office and eoup were annihilated fier alongandardu- ous struggle to obtain the nomination of their man, they found themeelves at length utterly prostrated. (Inder these circumstances it may well be sup- posed they were not in the best of humor, and polit i and many of them threatened de } destruction to : the whig party. Fora long time, the whig generel committee, which had all along supported the ‘6 claims of Henry Clay, refused to cali a meeting ratify General Taylor’s nomination. At length | , they iseued a cal! for that purpoae ; but, on second thoughts, it was countermanded, and, some time afterwards, enother call was ued, in pursuance of which the meeting in Canal street was con- vened, Cen. Taylor’s popularity, in the mean- while, increasing, not only in New York, but throughout the whole country, North, East, South, ‘ha and West. At this meeting, all the disappointed Olay men, and a goodly proportion of locofocos, were m attendance. They by every means in their power, to prevent Gen. ‘Taylor's nomina- tion being ratified, and by freely using their luags, their throats and their hands, succeeded in creating a preat deal of noise and confusion. Hence we have an explanation of all the groans, hisses, &e., which characterised that meeting, and which were faith- fully reported at the time in thre paper. This is an explanation of the scenes and inci- dents of thet meeting, and those of our readers at a distance, who have formed the o ainion from a perusal of its proceedings, that General Taylor's popularity in New York is not 80. great, as ty asion, that General Taylor was not as popular | Resaca | genius | in a position in which he could show his quality, | | to determine which is the legitimate one, and to : | which to pay the instalments of three millions After those battles, the taking of the nd strays, and odds | Taylor under their | s the second clique | ned to- | | do injustice to his cause. The taet is, that the | meeting in question was the list effort of the dis- appointed politicians and office seekers, to vent | their chagrin at the defeat of their hopes of plun- j der, We are satisfied that Genersl Taylor is the most popular candidate before the | people of New York. for the Presidency, and that he will continue so to the time of election, when he will get the vote of the Empire State with- | out question | We have thought it advisable to make this state- | ment for the benefit and information of persons at listance, who were not acquainted with the nu- | merous intrigues that have been going on for some | time past in this city. Mexico and the United States, The ratifiestion of the treaty of peace betweea | the United States and Mexico is the commence- | ment of a new era in the relations of those two | countries. The relations may continue peaceful for | a while—for a year, perhaps for a longer, perhaps for a shorter peried of time. | It was feared by far-seeing statesmen, that the | severe chastisement which Mexico has received, and the hard lesson which we have endeavored to teach her, would be of little profitto her. It has | been foretold that with the withdrawal of the Ame- \Yican army, whatever party consented to a | peace with this country would be attacked and de- | posed by some of the military tyrants who have so long cursed that beautiful country, and kept it in turmoil and revolution ever since the overthrow of the constitution of 1824. Such predictions, we re- | gret to say, are too well founded. Already the | work of revolution has commenced, even before the evacuation of that country by our forces. Pa- | redes, it appears, has engaged in a conspiracy to | upset the existing government, having for his ob- | ject the downfall and ruin of the government | which concluded the recent treaty of peace, and | | the extermination of the men who ratified it, five | | of the leading peace men having been already as- | sassinated. Paredes, it will be recollected, was the chieftain who pronounced against and destroyed the government of Herrera because he wasin favor | | of peace with the United States; and if he succeed | in this last attempt, and overthrows the govern- ; ment which concluded the treaty of peace, he | | may then seek to embroil the two countries in | difficulty again, and thus bring on a second Punie | war. It will be seen, therefore, .that the difficulties and disasters which were predicted to ensue after | | the withdrawal of our troops, have occurred soor- | | er than was anticipated; and when or how they will end, there 1s no telling. Mexico being again divided into factions—one having possession of the | government to-day, and another having 1t to-mor row—it will bea difficult matter for our governmert | nually, provided by the treaty to be paid to Mexico | as the purchase money of the newly acquired ter- | ritories of New Me and California. This may involve us for the second time in war with Mex- ico. | Again, if Paredes retain power, he may seek to | establish a monarchy in Mexico. A yearor two ago, | he was in France and Spain, and it was pretty well | known there that his object was intrigue with that | | view. We do not know to what extent these in- | trigues may have been carried with Loms | Philippe, or the Bourbons of Spain; but whether | they are intended to be carried into opera- | tion or not, it is very certain that there | will be great trouble in Mexico, in case he should | secure himself as the head of tie government, and perhaps an attempt made to embroil the two coun- | tries again in hostility, in case of an election of a peaceable man to the Presidency of the United | States. We could not tolerate the establishment of a monarchy there, at the head of which any of the Bourbon family might be placed. Our deter- ion on this matter 1s fully known to Mexico, having been frequently expressed in our jouraals and in our housesof Cong In whatever way we view the recent revolutionary proceedings in | Mexico, we cannot but see the probability and danger of more trouble, and perhaps another war. With such a probable state of things before us, the people of the United States ought to be careful | whom they elect as their next President, so that peace can, if possible, be preserved. Our next | President should be a man of ability, determina- tion, and sound statesinanship—one the prestige of whose name alone would deter the contemp- tible military despots of Mexico from agin at- tempting to_create difficulty between the two countries. We are not yet ready to carry on the | second Punie war with that country, neither have | we commenced to digest the large slice of terri- tory which we acquired by the first. We wanta | litle time, energetic as we are, and cannot pos- sibly swallow up such an extensive country | | as Mexico at one, meal. |General Taylor | | isjust such a man. His determination and brave- | ry are well known to the Mexican’, for he has given them many memorable proofs of them. Any military dictater who may be at the head of th» Mexican government will be very cautious about | meddling with any thing affecting the United States, while General Taylor was our Chief Ma- gistrate. Hianume alone would be sufficient to crveh any such attempt inthe bud, if there were | any one who might have the temerity to undertake it. In the meantime, however, our present go- vernment will be under the necessity of acting very | decisively towards Mexico, in order to ensure the | safety of the Ametican citizens now in Mexico. in regard to the projet of the establishment of a monarchy in Mexico, with any of the Bourbon fa- | mily at the head of it, there 13 more difficulty in | the way than ever, in consequence of the events that have recently transpired in the old world. Yet there may be a design of putting Montpensier in the position of king of Mexico. If any such at- | tempt be made, it will immediately involve us in | difficulty, with not only Mexico but Spain; and in | such an event, what would be the destiny of the beautiful Island of Cuba? It should then come under the control of the United States, in such a conjunction of matters, and foreve: er form part and parcel of the United States. Tie New Covr or Practic! he new code of practice, as prepared by Mr.Graham and others, and | adopted by the Legislature, went into operation yesterday. Various opinions as to the probable efiect of the new system, are expressed by the members of the bar; but a majority of them seer ; to have no confidence that it will benefit the com- | munity. Jts leading features are the abolition of all forms of action, the old system of special pleading, and the distinction between law and equity suits. } Every proceeding by one party against another is called a “civil action,” and whether it be what | would formerly have been called a law suit, or a Chancery suit, the proceedings are to be substan- tially the same. ‘The firet step iz, what is called | the “complaint,” to which the defendant puts in | an “answer;’’ then the peal files a “ repli | tion,” and thus the pleadings become complete, | and the cause is at issue, ready to be tried by a jury. Itremains to be seen whether this new form | of proeceding will be an improvement, and whe- ther the old distinction between law and equity jarisdiction might not with advantage have been Pp eserved, |, There ts one feature of the new sy stem, and the laws connected with it, which will produce a cu- Tious state of things in our courts. We refer to the night of each party to calland examine the | other asa witness, the plaintiff or defendant put- ting his adversary on the stand and subiecting him to a rigid examination. ‘This will in all pro- bability orcesion many more perjuries than now occur; and in one cage at least, it will operate | strangely. When an insolvent person is sued with one perfectly responsible, who is alleged to be his copartner, the insolvent may be examined to fix | his debts upon one able to pay them. The modus operandi of this part of fr new system smells | strongly of the Roman code. The learned codi- fiers must have dipped into the Pandects for it, or clee they received it from some personage at this | side of the water, deeply skilled in Roman lore; | but it will not stand the test of this age of reform and revolutions. We shall, however, watch the progress of the machinery with continuous inte- rest, and, of course, as from time to time the va- rious complicated questions arise, we shall show how they are disposed of. A 5 It seems very clear that years will be required to gress. + ments which have been made, w’ | the nomination in Baltimore ; and it being with- | Mexico by the treaty which has recently been rati- | above-bourd. Yet Mr. Berrien i | ted him, and are | probable, therefore, that the diseontented whigs of | New York, with th | a ground of opposition that may | J and the applause and shouts in favor of Mr. Van | show the practical working of the new contri- | vances, and until each part, has begun to perform | its fonction well, there will continue to be, as | ! went, the “glorious uncertainty of the tatty ‘The Barnburners— Meir Positlon— Their Last Pronuuclamento, The movement commenced by the baraburners: of this State being one of great importance in the present state of the country and of parties, we have spared no pains or trouble in fully expl iti the columns of this journal. We accordingly pub hshed reports of John Van Buren’s speeches, oa several occasions; ex-President Van Baren’s letter to the Utien Convention; a full report of the pro- ceedings and nominations of that convention; and to-day, we publish in our columns, the promuncia mento of that convention, to all good and true barnburners, in this and all other States, on the earth, over the earth, and in the waters under the earth—out of which it is supposed Mr. Van Buren has been fished by some of the faithful, with a hook baited with the Presidency. This pronwnciamento 1s a curious and remarke- ble document, It embraces, in full, the principles advocated by the new party called barnburners, and contains a clear exposition of their doctrines and position, It purports to explain the causes that compelled them to hoist a separate standard, repudiate the proceedings of the Balumore Con- vention, and nominate candidates of their own for the Presidency and Vice Presidency. It is from the'pen of the Hon, Benjamin F. Butler, or Citizen Butler, ashe has been dubbed by the new party. ‘The opinions and views promulgated in it, attract a prodigious deal of attention, and are looked upon asf great importance in this part of the country, and soon will receive equal attention in other parts of the Union, especially in the North and Hast The importance of the movement, however, is much overrated, in consequence of Mr, Van Buren’s personal connection with it, and from the fact of his being nominated as the candidate of that party. ‘This, however, is the : mallest feature about it. Ithas, in fact, given importance to him, and not he toit. This attempt on the platform of the Wilmot proviso, and ulti- mately to embody the whole anti-slavery sentiment of the North, has given to Mr. Van Buren person- ally an importance which he does not deserve, and a degree of consequence—a dangerous conse quence—which he has never heretofore possessed in any of the various positions which he has been placed in before the country. It is like digging him out of the retirement of Lindenwald, as s20- logists dig beneath the earth for some ew extraordinary fossil remain, to attract the notice of philesophers and speculators. It is like exea- vating the mountams for saltpetre and sulphur, to furnish materials for a general explosion of a con tinent. And why all this importance to Mr, Van Buren? As aman, he 1s utterly destitute of public princi- ple of any kind. Fora long period of his life he occupied a bold and manly Sonthern ground on the slavery question, and he never saw or acknow- ledged, any immoral tendency in that position, un- | til he was defeated by Southern influence, and re- | stored to his private residence on the banks of the Hudson river, as one whose public life was for- ever finished and sealed up. Buthe has changed | that position; and from a knowledge of the cireum- | stances, and of his past history, together with the course which he 1s now pursuing, the conclusion | is irresistible that he has meditated it ever since | his defeat in 1844, and on the nomination being again tendered to him in 1848, All the letters which have come from him, and all the develope- n the last two years, show that he held himself in reserve for | held from him, and given to another and more po- pular man, Mr. Van Buren, with his personal political friends, has thrown mself into this new movement—this terrible current, this dangerous rapid—combining, as itdoes, all the mo- ral and immoral sentiment, floating through the Northern States, in hostility to the slavery institu- tions of the South. Ile and his party have, indeed, planted themselves on the principle contained in the Wilmot proviso, as a fulerum on which to use | their lever; but that is all nonsense—a mere baga- | teile—albeit there is so much stress laid upon it in their journals, their speeches, their letters, and in the proceedings of the convention at Unea. It | amounts to one thing only, and that is, to form a | great Northern party, for the first time in the histo- | ry of the country, in opposition to the Southern States, on the institution of slavery. ‘This movement acquires greater torce, and more | roterest, and additional danger, from the fact that } the Southern members of Congress, of both of the old parties, assume a position directly opposite to that assumed by the barnburners. They take their | ground broadly on the platform of slavery, and on its extension to the new territory acquired from fied. Mr. Calhoun boldly, decidedly and deter- | minedly marks out this policy, and is followed in | the same strain by Mr. Berrien, of Georgia, who | seldom chimes in with Mr. Calhoun. Ife hkewise takes bold, plain Southern ground, opealy and vhig, and a supporter of General Taylor's nomination. In ad- dition tothis, we find that the discontented journals | in this region of the country, which have hereto- fore been in favor of General Cass, have repudia- | suming the position takea by this Northern party, which 1s being organized on anti-slavery ground. The Tribune, heretofor leading whig journal, jumps into the new mov ment with ecstacy, rejoi¢es that the question slavery has at length come up, and that New York has uttered her sentiments through Mr. Dix. It i odds and ends of all parties which € ings of hostlity to the South; will unite inthe Northern movement, and organize a vast and terrible party on anti-slavery priaciples, ad to unutte ble danger to the country at large. ‘The convention of the discontented v at Wor cester, has Bvolved a new feeling on the subject, 3uren, and of the position which he has taken, | may be looked upon as a foregone conclusion, that there will be a vast accession of force to ‘this | movement from Massachussetts and other East- | ern and Northern States. The course of this new movement is onward. A general convention of the Northern States, enter- taining common feelings of hostility to the South, isto assemble at Buflalo, on the ninth of August, and it is probable that the nominations made at Utica will be confirmed by it, and the flag of an slavery be added to that of the Wilmot provivo This might lead to 2 concentration of a new and dangerous party, calculated not only to defeat and | paralyze General Cass, take away his strength and annihilate his hopes, but enter into competition with those conservatives of all kinds who have | been forming themselves into a party for the sup- | | | ' port of General Taylor. In regard to the subject of slavery in Oregon, that will, no doubt, be settled daring the prevent session of Congress, by the adoption of the Missouri compromise line, but that will have no influence on New Mexico and California, the terntory of which is as well adapted for slavery as the soil of Virginia or Louisiana. This move- ment will still goon. The question of abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia will be adopt- ed. Every effort will be made to defeat the esta~ blishment of slavery in the new territories, and of unenccessful, the new party will organize anew, make further attempte, and if possible procure the repeal of any laws that may be made for that pur- | pose. Thus the movement may goon from time to | time, and if successful, will finally end in hedging the slave States in with legislation in despite of the compromises of the constitution, and pet | haps the: dissolution of the confederary as it ts at | | then be, before the 7th of November, virtually, only | the one hand; and on the other hand | trments, and hestility to the South, and ultimate- ) opinion. | times. Those ridiculous campaign papers, so call. American Stream Smirs.—Mai Contracts — We learn that the Charleston line of steamersis to be increased to four, in order to have a semi-week- ly communication with that city: That line ha: b enhighly suecessful. We also learn, that the owners of the Crescent City intend to build ano ther steamer, like her, to run between this port and New Orleans. It must be gratifying to every American to wit- ness this suecess in ocean steam navigation, The Crescent City ean beat the overland mail from one to three days, and she will, therefore, afford means for the transmission of letters ; and we understand that the owners will take all papers and letters gratuitously to New Orleans. All will be pleased to hear this. It1s to be regretted that government should in- terfere, directly or indirectly, with the success of private enterprise, as exhibited in the above state- ment. It is understood that the assigneea of Mr. Sloo’s contract are not able to proceed with that contract, unless government will make them an advance of twenty-five thousdnd per month. It would seem, then, that two hundred and ninety thousand dollars per annum, or two million nine hundred thousand dollars gross, is not basis enough to carry them through; therefore, they feel cbliged to call upon government for eight hundred dollars per day for this purpose. It appears strange that men should obtain a con- tract from government, fgiving them seme thou- sand dollars per day, for establishing a route now successfully commenced by another concern, or other parties, without any aid except their energy, experience and capital; and yet, as has been re- presented, be unable to go on without aid from the said government. The public will be most happy to see this line in successful operation, but accord ing to contract. “When, however, they acknow- ledge their inability so to do without further aid | from government, and ask for an advance of mo- ney to enable them to build their boats, the ques tion then arises, 1s not this carrying the joke a little too far? There are some men with capital in the United States, who would be most happy to make a con tract by which they could be guarantied money sidlicient to pay all the expenses, and they have all the profits; and there are many, apparently without capital, who, in addition to such a gua- rantee, would have no objection, in-the first place, to having the money advanced without interest. To be serious, however, as both the original con- tractor and his assignees have been represented as abundantly able, let them proceed, backed by the tyo millions nine hundred thousand dollars, but don’t let them put their hands into the publie treasury in advance. If this, however, must be done, and they insist upon it, then open the¥loor ; and, with the new conditions, submit the whole to public competition. Such a course would save the government iore than half a million of dollars. Van Buren ann Burr.—It has often been re- murked by those acquainted with both the persons and characters of Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Burr, that there was a great resemblance between them, in intellect, in ambition, in manners, and might be in destiny. The recent movement made at Utica, and the position taken by Mr. Van Buren on the Wilmot proviso, leading eventually to a great anti-slave excitement of the day, would seem to tend far to fill up the parallel between these two remarkable men. Burr was disappointed in his hopes of succeeding Jefferson; and he 1mmediate- ly set on foot an expedition, which, under the name of producing a revolution in Mexico, was gene- rally thought to be intended to separate the North | from the South. Mr. Van Buren, more politic in | a more politic age, and less military in disposition than Mr. Burr, has headed a movement at Utica which may have the same results upon | the union of these States, as those contem- | plated by the original project of Burr, un- less the good sense of the people of this country | should prevent it. According to all appearances, | under the name of Wilmot proviso, an attempt is | now being made to form an immense party of the North, generally imbued with ail the anti-slavery | feeling, and placed in hostile array against the South. If the conventions held in the free States, and the general assemblage which 1s to meet at Buffalo on the 9h of August next, should follow the lead of Utca, and go forthe Van Buren nom- | nation, he may be able to artay an immense party | together upon anti-slavery grounds, in opposition to the South, and in opposition to General Cass. In fact, as things now are, and as this mevemeat progresses in these latitudes, the prospects of Ge- neral Cass are melting away every day. Now, if the anti-slavery feeling should increase and spread, under the lead of Mr. Van Buren—as there is every appearance that it will—there will two candidates and two parties in the fiveld—Gene- ral Taylor and umon, and practical legislation, on r. Van Ba- slavery sen- ren with the Wilmot proviso and anti- ly, disunion, and every thing else which may fol- low in its train! People of sense, and sound Americans, may se- lect between them. Exrction Revenries.—We are glad to see that the moral and independent press of oar larg i is generaliy coming out in favor of deg propriety, in conducting the Presidential election, now taking place. The songs, log-cabins, reve ries and orgies ; the drunken frolics, and all the other exhibitions which disgraced and disgusted the country during the last eight or ten years, are in a fair way of being changed for the better, The great revolution of the old whig and loco- foco factions, which has taken place under the po- pular name of General Taylor, will be the sigaal and the commencement of a change in the public taste in the manner of conducting elections. In the recent struggles between the different factions, as shown in the tumultuous assemblages called Tatification meetings, we see only the strazgle be- tween the moral and immoral! elements of popular The old party leaders, with all their tricks, are going to the wall; and those who are bout to take their places in the present contest, should be careful to mark and note the signs of the ed, which are generally reservoirs of all the filth aid abuse of « political struggle, ought to be ay doned, and discontinued by the public, just as muc! as the vulgar drunken miustrelsy of some of the recent Presidential elections, Let the public only pace ze those regular journals, published regular ly und possessing a permanent reputation, whi are c#leulated to give correct intelligence, without the degradation of the filth of the political leader of the day. That is the true course, Ammnicans Aproap.—-We leata that Silas E. Burrows, Esq., of thia city, sailed on In lay in his yacht, the Patapsco, for St. Petersburgh, Russia. He is bearer of despatches trom the State depart- ment to our minister at the court of the Czar. It is the intention of Mr. B., we understand, to visit the principal ports on the Baltic, before his return to the United States. ‘This will be the first trip of an American gentleman across the Atlantic in a pleasure yacht. Inrruiicence From Braz, ann THE River oF Puare.—We have received the journals of Rio Janeiro, to the 27th of May; the news they contain is trivial und local. The chamber of de- puties continued in session, occupied in the discussion of matters purely domestic. The dates irom Montevideo are to the 12th of May. Peace was not yet concluded with Oribe ; all the negotiations to that effect had utterly failed. neral Rosas seems to have interposed to prevent the acceptance of the terfas ond conditions sug- gested by the French and English agents, to Or The French had, therefore, landed their artillery tor the defence of Monte Video, which was pro- nounced to be inn state of siege, EDITION FRANCAISE SOMMAIRED Drs NOUVELLES AMERICAINES POUR ENVOYER EN EVs OPE Par le Steam-r “Britannia.” Mexique. Les nouvelles que nous recevons de ce pays sont, pour la Vera Cruz du 18 Juin, et.pour Mexico du 13 du méme mois. Cette derniére date les troupes qui se trouvaient enccre dans le voisinage de Mexico s’étaient mises en route pour la frontitre, entrainant a leur suite Parrigre-garde de V'armée Americajne. Le géné- ral Worth, lui-méme, a quitté la ville, et Herrera qui avait enfin consenti, aprés des refus réitérés, & accepter la présidence, étuit arrivé prés de Mexi co, escorte par la garde nationale. Ce mouve- ment décisif indique que le drame long et san- glant qui vient de se jouer au Mexique est enfin arrivé & son dénouement. Ainsi qu’il arrive pour les ceuvres d’un succes douteux et fatigant, la clé- ture en était vivement souhuitée par les auteurs et les spectateurs. Aujourd’hui que la paix est signée, que les evénemens de cette compagne sont tombés dans le domaine de V’histoire, il serait curieux et intereseant a la fois de placer les objets, dégagés des passions de rivalité et d’amour-propre national, sous leur véritable lumiére d’en examiner les ¢é- tails, et d’en déduire les conséquences. Le mo ment est maintenant venu de se livrer & une appré- ciation raisonnable de cette guerre, et de ses résultats. Nous comptons traiter ce sujet plus tard. Le cabinet mexicain d’Herrera vient de se con- Stituer définitivement. Il se compose du senor Otero pour Dintéreur, du senor Cuevas pour les aflaires étrangéres, de Don José Maria Jiminez pour la justice, D. Mariano Riva Palacio pour les finances, et du général Ansta pour la guerre. Nous regrettons vivement Ia retraite de M. D. Luis de la Rusa, ministre des ajlaires étrangdres sous Pena y Pena, aux efforts duquel fla paix est due principalement, et qui mieux que tout autre, se trouvait en position de la rendre profitable au pays. Aujourd’hui surtout, ce qu’il faut au Mexique, ce sont des hommes qui lui apportent, avec la liberté, les: institutions qui en appellent le regime, la fer- meté qui en assure le tnomphe, la droiture, et la loyauté quien consolident le régne. Nous sou- haitons fort que le personnel du nouveau cabinet remplisse ces conditions nécessaires. ‘ous apprenons, parle Siglo NIX, que trois régiments d’infanterie, trois compagnies de cava- derie, et une compagnie d’artillerie, appartenant & Varmés du Mexique, devaient quitter Quérétaro, et se mettre en marehe pour attaquer Paredés, qui, aujourd’hui, menace sérieusement le pays. Les TIndiens de leur cété commencent & devenir réclle- ment & craindre, les troupes dont nous venons de parler sont également destinéesi les chatier. On voit d’apiés ce rappo:t que les motifs d’inquietude: ne manquent pas au nouveau gouvernement mexi- cain, et que ses débuts ne sont point déja si | faciles, Le pére Jarauta et un individu dy nom de Mar- tinez ont surpris la garnison de Layos, dont ils ont ¢ préfet prise r. Non content de cet exploit, ils sont allés jusqu’’ proposer un plan de constitu. tion dans lequel, désavouant le congrés mexicain, iff déclarent que les Etats sauront ressaisir Ja sous verainté, qu’ils.ont perdue, et qu'il profiteront de leur indépendance pour continuer la guerre. Cet exces d’audace ne peut provenir que d’un excés de faiblesse dont le gouvernement assumerait toute la responsabilié, s’il laissait vivre le coupables 4 Vombre d'une impumté d’angereuse. Nous appre- nons du reste que celui-ci est fermementdecidé & punir les factienx, et qu'il a déja pris les mesures cnergiques pour réprimer les desordres. Jusqu’iei Paredés est lennemi le pi du pouvoir établi. C'est ce monarchi: ia jeté dans le pays le sonflle din at il est agité ; e’est Ini qui t srieux entéié nrrection nt dans ses mains, Ini quia com- le mouvement du pere Jarauta suc Layos, neore qin souléve, les tribus Indienaes, les sedvit par lappat de promesses trompeuses et | lance contre ses compatriot i eek Va soient cependaut les efforts de Parbdés, Vadmimetration d’Herrera en triompliera _facile- ment; car la cause qu'il défend est perdue d’ vance ; n’est-i] pas curieux de voir combattre pour la monarchie dans !e nouveau monde, alors que tous les trones s’écroulent dans la vieille Nous touvons dans quelques journaux le rée des cruautés qui auraient eté exercées sur les e 5 3 des rel tions d’intimité ave américains. D’apres cx journaux, ces malheureuses auraient 6té viet: des traitements les plus barbares. Les Mexicai Jes auraient depuillées de levr chevelure, et apres leur ayorr raarqué le visage d’an fer rouge portant les initiales U. S., ils leur auraient méute, ea plu- sieus circonstances, déchiré les orcilles On prétend suivi Parmée des Etats-Unis et se dispose quitter le Mexique ; pour se soustra ire & la barbare | vengeance que leur préparent ainsi leur compa- triotes. Un grand-nombre de mexicains compromis par leurs relations amicales avec les américains pen- dant Poecupation, se disposent également a s’exiler aux Etats-Unis, craignant d’étre persécutés aussi- tot aprés le retrait'des tronpes ameri Nous avons peine & croire i ces details qui nous donnent une bien triste idée de la civilisation d’une partie des populations mexicaines. M. Sévier s'est embarqué le 12 pour la Nouvelle Orléans, i bord d’un steamer du gouvernement. On annongait aux derni¢res dates, éné. ral Herrera,’ cause de sa mauvi demis de la’ présidence; mais que sad ne serait, pas acceptée par le Congr On pensait qu’il n’en persisterait pas moins, et Von parlait de Pedraza, d’Ella a, de Don L vas et de plusieurs autres candidats pour | ph Les Senors Rosa, minist ¥ | Anaya, ministre de la guerre, s’e également demis de leurs fonctions. The conspiration terri eclaté dans la ville rser le gouvert de Mexico, dans_ le but de reny ment et dexterminer ct les partisans de la paix et es, ccux qui sont en faveur du traité. L'mavre du sang a comm 6, cing des plus proéminens parlisans des Etats-Unis ont 616 massaer La conspiration avait pour chefs le Pere Jarauta et le géneral Parédés. Il est convenu entre les deux nations que les troupes des § ‘ms auront toutes df quitter le sol mexicain le 22 du mois de juin. Des lettres de Zac: t-cas font appréhender une incursion de 2,000 Comanches dans l’Etat de San oe e dajouter que terreur est géné- rale, Les vols ont répris leurs cours, comme avant la guerre. Pas une voiture ne sort de Quérétaro yeh se rendre i Mexico, qu'elle ne soit déva- see. Mexico, les vols et les outrages de toute sorte sont journaliers. ‘ Yucatan. Nous donnons aujourd’hui comme complement des nouvelles que nous avons déjh publiées sut PYueaton, extrait d’une correspondance particu- litre dat du 13 juin, que nous croyons digne de toute confiance. Les détails qu’elle contient ré- pandent une lueur plus sinistre encore sur les éve- nements déja si sombre dont nous avons fait le ré- cit. On verra que les mistres qui aflligent ce mal- heureux pays cont loin de tirer & leur fin, et qu’h moins d’une intervention des Htats-Unis il est me- nacé d’une ruine complete. Il est difficile, en face de pareils faits, de com- prendre, l’gttitude immobile du Congrés devant cette question, plusieurs fois deposée sur les bu- reaux, et toujours reyetee sous un pretexte ou s% un autre. On sait que la position des mathearen Yucateques a excité i plusieurs reprises dans ces différentes places la commisération des population citoyens honorables se sont ré unie dans cette ville méme, pour leur voter des se- cours et une liste de souscription cirenle maint - nant d cet effet. Cette question d’numanité a eu de toutes parts de nombreux échos: elle a retenti sur les rives du Mexique ; un moment, elle a arrété dans leur passage les braves soldats américains re- venus & Vera-Cruz, On parlait dans cette der- nidre ville d'un corps de mille dentreux qui devait svorganiser, et partir pour la edte Yucatique lors- quest arrivé, des bureaux de Ja guerre, on ordre ~ ste 2,000 femmes mexicaines ont | d tal enjoint & chaque soldat de rentrer an foyer amé- | riccin pour y tre livencié. L* projet a done avorté par suite de cette mesnew, +t les malheareux habitants de PYucatan, se woient privés -des sv- cours volontaires dont ils ont ua si pressant be- coin. A ceux qui douteraient encore de la position véritablement critique ou se trouvent plongés nce inalheureux voisins du golfe, nons citerons le: traits de la lettre que nous annoncons plus haut, et qui a été publiée par le Picayune :— “La ville de Yzamal, dit cette correspondance, située X environ quinze lieuss de Mérida, vient d’étre prise par les Indiens, eton suppose qu’an. grand nombre de blancs ont succombé dans cette affaire. Quinze jours auparavant onze mille fae | gitfe, composés en partie d+ femmes et d’enfants sont entrés i Mérida, afin d’y ciercher un refage D’aprés les nouvelles regues de Pintérieur, cette ville ne serait pas non plus 4 libri des sauvages; on sait que Mérida n’est pas défendue, et que sa position ne la protege point contre un coup de main. La poulation plongée dans Panxiété la plus vive, s’attend d’un momenta Pavtrea 6tre assailhe | Les sauvages se sont emparés de la ville de Ticul, place assez importante située dans le voisinage de Mérida, et de la menacent d’envahir cztte ville. De méme que tous les peuples, les-Iediens oat aussi leurs prophéties. Celle gui cireule mainte’ nant parmi eux remonte & la conquéte du Mexique par Ferdinand Cortez. Cette prophétie sanguinaire comme les instincts des races indiennes, leur pro- met une éclatante revanche, dons les murs de Mé rida. ‘Vos pieds se baigneront jusqu’a la cheville das le sang des blancs vos oppicsseurs,” leur an- nonce Chilam Balaam leur muliomet, & eux. Cette opinion entretient la superstition dans leur esprit, et les rend beaucoup plus dasyoreux. Les environs de Campéche sont & la veiile d’étre occupés par les Indiens; ul en a paru dé’ duns les environs Mérida est maintenant le point le plus exposé; il renferme, y compris les fugitis, pres de 60 mille mes, la plupart incapablvs ce porter les armes, La population est’ plongé:, au iworale comme au physique, dans la plus affreuse décresse. Cruelle- ment exposés 2 la misdre ct &- la fim, sls échappent & ces fléamx, ce ne sera que pourtomber plus surément sous be couteau des sauvages qui guettent leur victime avec wia sage impatiente.” Ce tableau nous semble ass-z sombre, pour que nous n’essayons pas de le charger davantage. Un fait saillant surgit de toutes nouvelles que nous. avons regues jusqwict. C'est qu’an secours de mille. hommes, envoyé par les Scuts-Unis, au Yu- catan, suffirait pour relever le psys dela malheu- reuse gituation ou il se trouve, y arracherait plie sieurs centaines de victimes & uae mort certaine, y 1établirait Pordre ct la tranquilitté, et lui assere- rait, pour longtemps peut-étre, un ére de paix et de prospérité.—Nous avons, 2 rrgret, vu, dans plu- sieurs circonstances, le Con; des Etats-Unis se mettre en opposition directe avee les instincts gé- néreux du pays. S’il faut, pour secouer soné- * goisme, tcucher la corde des intéréts propres de lUnion Américaine, nous lui dirons d’envoyer, suivant la recommandation du “Président des | Etats-Unis, un secours prompt et efficace a ?Yu- catan, c’efit été d’une sage et habile politique, | méme sous ce point de vue. Nous avons dit en eflet comment, par une coin- cidence étrange, qu’il faut uévessatrement ratta- cher A un plan concentré sur une vaste échelle, les | Indiens se sont soulevés, & la fois, dans toutes les paities des deux Amériques. Bien qu’ils n’aient nidiplomatie, ni courrier de cabinet & leur service, ils sont parfaitement ct promptement instruits des événements survenus sur chacua des points, ob | Pinsurrection a levéla téte. Les succés remportés | par les Indiens de l’Yucatan, ont encouragé ceux | des autres pays ; un exemple terrible au contraire, | les ferait rentrer dans l’ordre; les Etats-Unis agi- | raient done dans leur propre cause, en portant se- cours & la population blanche qui a fait un 1 pres- | sant appel & leur interventiou.--Tout en chatiant | sévérement les barbares de Yucatan, ils détour- neraient tres probablement, lorage terrible qui menace en ce moment, leurs nutionaux établis en Orégon.—Rien n’est terrible et ne se propage comme les guerres des cas’es ; dans ces dures ex- tremités, les différences des nationalités dispa- raissent pour céder la place & ’humanité. Nous déplorons vivement pour le Congres Américain qu'il ne Pait pas compris. Les derniéres nouvelles pabliées dans les jour- naux de Campéche, ne sont gndres rassurantes. <_ On nous annonce que les Yucat®ques ont livré mm | combat aux Ga combat daus tequel ces der- niers on perdu neuf cents hommes. Len - ment a eu lieu prés d’un endroit appelé Bolinchen, et les Indiens aprés une complete déroute se sont enfuis dans les montagnes. Oa n’en voyait plus. aucun dans les environs de Campéche, Sisal et Mérida ; mais toutes les petites viiles du pays on _ été ou détruites par les sauvages, ou évacuées par les Yucatéques. Tous les habitants de Pintérieur sont venus & Campéche, Mérida et Sisal afin d’y trouver un abri contre la fureur de ces terribles. barbares. Le gouverneur Barbachano se sert de touts les moyens en son pouvoir pour recruter de nouveaux régiments. 4 On annonce larrivée & Campéche. d’uue car- inte de mais envoyée par les habitants de la jouvelle-Orléons pour. soulager Ja malheureuse population entaseée & Campéche. On devait ex pédier & Mérida les deux tiers de cette cargai- son. La ville de Ticul a été entitrement détruite par” les sauvages. Izamuel est & peu prés dans le méme état. Barbachano a lance un décret sévere contre tous ceux qui seront pris parmi les Indiens rebel- les, ou qui leur aideraient en aucune fagon, en leur fournissant des armes ou autrement. Ces individus devront étre poursuivis devant une cour martiale, puis fusillés. On a eff-rt une recompense pour Pappréhension des coupables. Les habitants de Ile de Carmen ont adressé au Commodore Perry une pétition pout le prier de ne pas retirer ses forces de leur parage avant que le_ Gouvernement mexicaia n’eut pourvu & leur sure~ té, { Le commendant Bigelow, gouvernewr civil et juiitaire, avait préalablement ordonné & tous les. | Indiens, employés daas Vile mme domestiques, de soxtir dans les dix jours, et défendu a tous les autres Indiens d’y embarq' La péninsule Yucataque est ‘toujours dans un état désesnér ‘ Venezucta, Un navire arrivé de ce pays, le 2 juillet & Boston, hous a apporté des nouvelles de Caracas ala date du 15 juin. Une bataille a éré livrée entre le géné- ral Monagas et le général Marino. Le premier a été défait, et a pris la fuite. On s’attend & ce que Hermungildo Garcia qui commande deux navires charges de munitions et'de huit cents hommes dé- terminés prendra parti contre lui, Les troupes du gouvernement sont au nombre d@ r 5,610 homimes commandés par d’habiles généraux On croit partout que la guerre civile va eclater de Plus belle. Antonio de Gusman attend ses passeports pour partir pour les Etats-Unis, mais il ne quittera 'e pays que lorsque le résultat des élections pour la vice-Présidence sera conu. Les eandidats pour cette élection sont:—Gusman, Munoz et Sanal- via, le ministre actuel de l’intérieur. Le généra! Pacz est) Santa Martha et le géné-« » nal Soubletie, ancien Président & Bogota. , Aux deriéres dates, le général Flores était & Penama, déterminé a se rendre & PEquateur, ott ses partisans sont en grand nombre. s ' Haiti. Des lettres particuligres datées des Cayes le 30 , contiennent les nouvelles qui suivent : » général Jean Claude a envoyé un corps de troupes pour attaquer les villes de Camillon, Sain’. Louis et Aquin. Ces places se sont rendues depuis. lore, et de terribles représailles onteu lieu. Cent cinquante prisonniers ont été mis b mort dans les prisons de Camillon, et la téte de l'un des chefs, Louis Jacques, a été promenée dans cette ville au bout dune lance, pour servir de legon & ceux qui seraient tentes de Vimiter, Les troupes ont trouvé les villes de Saint-Louis et d’Aquin désertes. Los maicons ont été livrées anx soldats, qui ont commis toutes sortes dexces, Ces troubles ontew malheureusement pour cause, en grande purtie, wie question de races, et la population de couleur a eu grandement & souffrir, Mier, le Prémdent egt | arrivé ici pour y rester quelques joure. Sa pré- fence aura sins doute pour résultat de mettre un, terme A cet étnt de chore | ») a