The New York Herald Newspaper, May 28, 1847, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol, XIII. No. 147—Whole No. 4744. SS HIGHLY INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE WAR QUARTHR. AFFAIRS IN CALIFORNIA. The Advance of General Scott to the City of Mexico. MILITARY AND NAVAL NEWS. Special Despatches to the Mew Work Herald Office. SPECIAL DESPATCH TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Javara, Mexico, April 30, 1847. I am well aware that you take pleasure in placing on record the names of those who have, or may distinguish themselves in the war with Mexico. Enclosed, I send you a copy of & letter received by Col. Burnett from Gen. Twiggs. I need not add that we are in every way deserving of the honor Gen. Twiggs has done us, We took up our line of march on the morning of the 18th, and after a forced march of about eight miles, over mountains, through chaparral, encountering the enemy at various places, grape and canister shot falling among us like rain from different batteries, we from a side road came out on the main road, passed the Cerro Gordo, remained about fiye minutes until Gen. Twiggs came up, who gave the word “threo cheers boys, and at them,’ when we followed them on a full run for nearly five miles, Enthusiasm was manifested by every one. for we all knew that Santa Anna was with them. When you consider that we numbered loss than one hundred and fifty, and were threo miles at least in advance of our own army, (the enemy numbering 5000 at least,) the pursuit was, to say the least, herole, ‘When the mail arrives there is more anxiety manifest- ed to obtain a copy of the Herald than to receive our pay, or the six thousand dollars which the city of Now York presented tous, of which we have not received the “first Continental red.” We have hopes that uncle Sam will pay us, but give up all hopes of the “six thou- saud dollars.’* \ We are en route to the city of Mexico, and may start to-morrow, but are not sure, asthe general orders have not as yet been read. Call om Alderman Stoneall, drink a good julep, give him my compliments, and say I am well. MONTGOMERY. Javara eric, Ape bg ped Corower:—I have the pleasing duty of laying before you the names of the gallant New Yorkers, who accom- panied mein the pursuit of Sante Anna’s army from Cerro Gordo, on the 18th of April, 1847. Theiradvanced position, when the Mexican ii A) enabled them to partake in all the glories of the dav Capt. Morton Fairchild, Co. “1,” lst Reg’t New York Volunteers. Ist Serg’t Chas. 8. Cooper, * Thomas Hacket, 2a “ Marx M. Hart, “ Thos. 8. pane 4th “ ‘Thgs. J. Rogers, “ George Loomis, Ast Corp. Jacob Riley, “ Harvey Lake, 24 “ Augustus Bartett, “ William McGuire, 3d * Edward Cook, ** Horace J. Meach, 4th ‘Smith Harris, “ James Mullin, 1; = james: Ly . “ ‘Wm. H. Bishop, “ Henry Philips,” © Wan D. Grete, «© Bani Itobertot 3 . D. Creig, * Dan’ on, “Robert Dour, “ "Phos. Rowley, ” “Samuel Duffia, “ Charles Stewart, «Joseph Duffin,” “ John Saunders, “hos, b. Decker, “ George Struthers, * ‘William Dailey, “ Stephen Streeter, “ ‘Thos, L. Doty, « John L, Trainer, * Joseph Emmons, “ Robert Woods, *gJoseph Franklin, 2°" Joseph Fly, “ Jeho Hammond, Company “ B.” Chas, M. Tucker, Com. Serg’t. lat Serg’t Garret Fitzgerald “ Martin Folan, 34“ Francis Crawford, “William McCoppin, 4th & Guorge W. Blake, © Jamon Grady, 3d Corp’! Jobn Tyson, « John Leech, Privates—Thos. Martin, “Stephen Conner. * James Armstrong, “Christopher Dann, “ Haugh Brun, “ Martin Duncan, “ Francis Conroy, “ ‘Timothy Dunnovan, % Joseph Connitt, “ Michael Manseen, “ George Gueria, « John seaman, Robert Gannon, “ David Simmons, * John Graham, « ‘Theo. Zimmermann, ‘ Robert Heland, ‘* William Hunter. “ Churles Thompson, “Philip Evalt, James Williams, “ William Connell, David Wells, “ William Miller. Capt, Pierson was previously wounded. Thave the honor to be, Sir, very respectfully. your ob’t serv’t, D. E. TWIGGS, Brigadier General. ‘To Col. Burner, Ist Reg’t N. Y. Volunteers. Catavonsta, Uniten States, February, 1847. Sin: The Californians in the Ciudad de los Angelos, and town of Santa Barbara, not being delighted with the quick process,some of the American commanders placed in the'r towns had in progress, of multiplying, as if by steam, so many petty laws, and endeavoring to change their modes and customs, without any why or wherefore, annulled the conquest of Commodore Stockton, and again unfolded their three oolered flag, held the Ciudad from October to this month, and again gave up to the American forces ; 300 or 400 of the latter being emi- grants, who left Independence, Missouri, in May, 1847. During the rise, there was among the riflemen only a Mr: Burroughs and Mr. Foster,four seamen of the Savan- nah, ten or twelve men, and two officers under General Kearny, and three or four of the Congress’s seamen.— Thore were four or five slight skirmishes during the time; in each a few were killed or wounded. The natives lost less than the Americans, as they often rode up on a swift horse, fired, and gallopod off. ‘The ports of Monterey and San Francisco did not have any trouble, the people there having other commanders, or being more friendly. At New Helvetia, on the Sacra- mento, there aro no Californians. There the Spanish language is hardly spoken. Our flag again covers the ‘farther west,’ from 32 to 49 degrees north latitude. In September, October, and November, abont 1400 emi- grants arrived in San Francisco, 200 of them by sea, the remainder in about 180 wagons. The Mormons, via Cape Horn, and Governor Boggs, via the mountains, have had the pleasure of again seoing each other on these shores, where man may come, but can go no further. ‘The emigrants have leas trouble each year in crossing the mountains, as the road becomes better. The first house or rancho they generally reach belongs to Mr. Johnstone, an Englishman, who will this year, with other settlers, be better prepared to have provisions for the new comers. From Johnstone's they prooged to Captain Sutter's, By next October there will be other settlers established ; in 1848 very many more, Even this year the emigrants will not find at the Sacramento much to purchasé: They should all bring more coffee and sugar than they do, ond take great- care of their stores and oxen on the road. Horses for the journey are worth but little; mules not much more: small light oxen prove the best. Many of the emigrants last year brought some few goods, which were soon disposed of. By reason of the wars, they sold FFF powder in 25 1b. kegs, $26; lead, 25 cents per Ib.; caps, $5 per 1000, payable in Mexican dollars, People meet the wagons to buy up their articles, also their guns, swords, pistols, and rifles. All the emigrants who joined Col. Fremont, obtained » sale for their horses, saddles, and rifles, and $25 per month for six months. Their chief officers, appointed generally among them- selves, were Messrs. Reading, Snyder, Blackburn, T'al- bot, King, Sears, Swift, Bryant, Hastings, Jacobs, Mir- ret, Ford, Findley, Bidwell, Godoy, and Wilton, ‘They are yet in arms—the country is, however, all peaceable. Col. Fremont, on the 13th inst., made a treaty with the Californigns by their requost, they giving up their can- nons, four in number, and retiring to their homes. We expect three or four thousand emigrants will reach the Sacramento this year. Very few of those who arrived in 1846 have had time to look for lands, but have hada fine opportunity to serve the country at $25 per month, and very few entered the ranks, because that sum was an object—sport and ambition to have a fight urged on many; but they only saw the Califor- nians at @ distance—they were not to be caught. A Californian can Yet avery good gallop out of a horse that an American bas turned loose, becnuse he cannot spur him out of walk; the former can carry the latter behind him at that. These Californians and their horses know each other, and appear to havea private | understanding together. * ‘As an American is a pure descendant of an English- man, he, therefore, knows more than any one else, and does not imagine o native of California can teach him any thing, and acts accordingly, but cannot get into the trick of riding double in a gallop on a tired horse, NEW YORK, FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 28, 1847. THE MAIN PLAZA IN THE CITY OF MEXICO. WN oe ae eee STARA ie WH, = ti Wi i e at thr arm earrying a lance in one hand, carbine in the other, and the bridle reins between his teeth. Gen. Taylor has not this elass of mon to combat against, and yet may not reach the “grand capital; and should he, will he reach the scaboard again? The first is probable, the second is possible. The Mexicans will not believe they are beaten unless done in a most thorough and substan- tial manner, that will admit of no future dispute. 1 am much hurried; you must make out this letter as you can; take this this time; have no time to copy, nor paper,what was not made into cartridges,” was made into cigars by the Californians, when talking of what they were going to do when they met Fremont. PASANO. ADVANCE OF GENERAL SCOTT AND PEACE. {From the New Orleans Picayune, May 19. As we anticipated, the return of the twelve months’ volunteers, who constituted so important a portion of General Scott’s army, has embarrassed his plan of marching immediately upon the city of Mexico. Major General Patterson wax to have gone forward with tho advance; but that officer is now in this city. The two ‘Tennessee, the 3d and 4th Ilinois, the Georgia, and Ala- bama regiments have all left the army, thus rendering it below a force with which to enter the capital of a popu- lous State with enfoty. Geneial Scott will push forward to Puebla; but beyond this he will scarcely go till rein- forced, unless he ba invited there by the dissensions of the enemy—in that case he will be prompted more by the defenceless etate of the city than by the strength of his own column It is the opinion of officers just returned from Mexico —and we may mention the name of General Patterson in this connection—that the probability of conquering a peace upon the plan of warfare hitherto pursued is slender indeed. It is thought by them that an army of forty thousand, rank and file, should be in the field; that captured cities’ should be put under the jurisdiction of American citizens; that the revenues of the State should be seized to defray the expenses of the war; that all the resources pertaining to the government should be held as spoils of war; and that the military authorityset up by the United States army should exercise all the powers of taxation and legislation belonging to the civil administration of the country. ‘This plan embraces the idea of actual conquest and absolute jurisdiction, and is deemed the only feasible one of bringing the war to a close. =It is the belief of General Patterson and others who fiave given the subject # large consideration, that an aus thority embracing all the necessary aitributes of sovereignty, set up in Mexico, could collect revenue equal to its wants; and that the people of that country can alone be brought to their senses by the exhibition of such an authority. ‘To permit the alcalde to use his func- tions ins captured city, or the native civil magistracy to conduct public affairs, is keeping an enemy in power who will be surely contriving against the army. This system haa been productive of hurt wherever it has been tried in Mexico, and experience demands its aban- donment. A military government, administered upon civilized principles. it is contended, would be preferable to the one now existing in Mexico. It would be more acceptable to the tax-payers. it is supposed, than the present ar- bitrary and vacillating one. It would be,able to maintain itself without greater exactions than the country is ac- customed to bear, and might in the end leave the people in a better condition to govern themselves than they now are, ‘These ideas seem plausible, and it might be wise to give them an experiment in some of the captured States. ‘The opinion is becoming more and more general that the United States may conquer Mexico; buts peace never, Javara, Mexico, May 11, 1847. The Ist Pennsylvania, New York and South Caro- lina regiments have left for Perotw, the 2d Pennsylvania regiment remaining in Jalapa, for the purpose of garri- yoning the place. A portion of Twiggs’ division is still here, the 3d and 7th infantry and the howitzer battery been sent back to the National Bridge; the fore to remain there, and the two latter to ret witha train of 250 wagons, daily expected from Vera Crus. ‘Two companies of Cragoons, besides a large detachment of other troops, have also been sent to escort the train, which brings, [ am told. $1,000,000 in specie, to be ap. propriated in paying off the troops, who are badly off for fands, After the arrival of the train, Gen, Twiggs will move forward with his division, as will also the Com- mander-in-Chief,Gen. Scott and Staff. Some portion of the artillery is to remain in garrison with the 24 Pennsyl- vania regiment, a G-gun battery having beem planted, commanding the whole town. ‘The General Hospital is filled with the wounded and sick, many of whom are di aily. ‘The South Caro- lina’ regiment has the lar 155—the New Yorkers being next. There were 56 discharged yester- day as “fit for duty.” thirty of whom belonged to the éth infantry, [ append the only correct list of deaths yet furnished any paper in the United States April 28th— MeCann. @ teawster. 20th—John Lynd- hart, Co. A. ist Pa. regiment. 90th—Levi Carr, 3d Ill; Dunbar, Co, A, 2d Pa, May Ist—Sergeant Allen, 3d Ill; Corporal Smith, Co. ©, 2d Pa; Hart, Jd Il; H'y Greaffe, Co. B, 2d Pa; Hoffaer.7th Infantry. 4th—Kagan, Co. I, Ist Artillery; Morris, Carrigan, Sappers and Miners, 6th —Mellvin, Co B, Ist Artillery; J |, Co. C, Vet Pa. 7th—Fred Dane, Go, B, 2d Pa. 8th—Turngate, Co H, Mounted Rifles; Preston, do. do; Vala B.S. C. regiment. 9th—Robt. Hopper, Co. I, Dwyer, 7th Infantry; McCrowley, Ist ‘Tenn. regiment; Saddler, do, do; Shellen, Sappers and Minera. 10th— Craft, Qe, Master's Department ‘Tho sick generally are kept upon the lowest diet pos- sible, while the wounded suffer much from the effects of their journey from Plan del Kio. I fear many of the Int- ter will yet die, etables, The market is well provided with fruit and Which sell at reasonable prices; but, alas! they are not within the reach of the volunteers, who have not yet re- ived one cent of their pay! For my own part, { have t been in possession of a picayune these two mont! ‘The fullest and finest market is on the Sabbath. Yes- terday | noticed delicious cherries, watermelons, plums, tomatoes, sweet potatoas, green corn, s&e., ke., in abund- ance ; while poultry was equally so. A shrewd Ameri- can has extabliched a snug stand in the market place, where he keeps excellent coffee, tea,&e.which he sella at one pic. the bowl. There are also several American eating-houses, but they are poor things. ‘Che article of butter is « stranger to the Jalapplans —there is none to be had in the town! One thing, however, they are blessed with—pure, cool water; while they, or at least the poor soldiers, ate cursed with fleas. The next number of the Imerican Star will probably be issued from Puetla. {From the N. 0. Pic., May 19.) ‘The steamship Mary Kingsland, Capt. Davis, arrived yesterday afternoon irom Vera Cruz, having made a Very fine run. She left there the evening of Thursday, the 13th inst., one day after the Fashion. She brought over seven companies of the 34 filinois Volunteers. We give a list of the officers among the passengers below. ‘The other three companies of this regiment sailed from Vera Cruz on the Billow, the morn- ing of the 13th. rivate Joseph Harney, of Mount Vernon, Illinois, was ee overboard from the Mary Kingsland, on the nigt t of 1 The news from the army above is no later by this a . Everett, Jr.; Captai rival than we have already received; from Vera Cruz we havo gathered a few items of interest. Major Count de Bongars, aid to Gen. Shields, came passenger on the Mary Kingsland, and we have had the ploasure of a conversation with him. He informs us that the night before the vessel sailed @ small party of dragoons were surprised at Santa Fe, a small village about fourteen miles from Vera Cruz, by « band of Mexi- can robbers or guerillas. There® were eleven dragoons in the party, and all but the sentry asleep. The Mexi- caus rushed upon him, and his gun having missed fire, he was unable to give the alarm. A seufile ensued, in which the sentinel was killed, and the Mexicans rushed upon the rest of the party. ‘Ot these, ten in number, but one escaped unharmed, Six of the others were killed and three wounded, As soon as the news was brought to Vera Cruz by the dragoon who escaped, Capt. Walker, of the Rifles, was ordered out with his com- mand in pursuit of the marauding party. It is not sup- posed that it was any thing more than a band of Mexi- can ladrenes. In this connection we may mention that the arrival of the Mary Kingsland at Vera Cruz, with Capt. Walker's command on board, excited great pleasure ‘The volun- teers are leaving so rapidly that it was grateful to the Americans in Vera Cruz to see the tide turning. Capt. Walker's horses, over one hundred in number, suffered nothing from the voyage, and were ready for vervice im- mediately upon landing. ‘There has been a good deal of talk in Vera Cruz about an attack upon that city by Santa Anna, but the appre- hensions excited thereby have been entirely dispelled, and probably never had any good founation; but the whereabouts of Santa Anna, and his predatory designs, still continued the main topic of conversation, and are a principal theme of the letters we receive. In regard to the health of Vera Cruz, a trust-worthy correspondent writes us that there is occasionally a case of sickness which is pronounced vomito, but it does not appear to be on the increase. We append a list of the Mary Kingsland passengers:— Major Count de Bongars, Aid to Gen. Shields: Licut. R T. Thom, Alabama Regiment; Mr. Rai Col, Forman; Capt. Hackleton, Assistant Commissary § jubsistences Dr. D. A. Dunn, Surgeon 3d Illinois Volunteers; Adj. Chas. Bishop, Lawler, Hicks, Hardy, Campbell and Sellers; Ist Lieuts, Rose, Adams, Proctor, ‘Thomas, Lasater, Hooper and McAdams; 2d Lieuts. Dun- bar, Reardon. Livingston, Ritchie, Burke, Corlew and Redferon; and 349 rank and file. THE PRECAUTIONS AT VERA CRUZ. Heav-Quantens, —} Department of Vera Crus, Mexioo, May 5, 1347. 5 ORDERS No. 2. Lieut. Gorgus, Ordnance Department, U. 8. A., willim- mediately take measures to put the batteries designated (im verbal orders.) in » proper state of defence. All su- perflueus guns and mortars will either be removed or dismounted, and the carriages put in some secure place. At each of the designated batteries a piece of artillery will be kept loaded with blank cartridge as a signal gun, to be discharged in case of alarm, when the troops and ali others 40 required, will turn out under arma, with the Tequired quantity of ammunition in their cartridge boxes, te act according to instructions given them by their im- mediate commanding officers, In the event ofan alarm, the marines and sailors from the squadron, (by an arrangement made with the senior naval commander.) will, on their landing, immediately repair to the several batteries to which they may be as- signed, under the command of a commissioned officer from the squadron, and serve the guns. The others that may be landed will act as circumstances may require, under the direction of their officers. t The Mexican inhabitants are particularly cautioned. in case of alarm, to keep within their houses; for if disc ered in the streets, and armed, they will most certainly be looked upon as enemies, and treated accordingly. All citizens who have located themselves in business, or otherwise, since our taking possession of the city of Vera Cruz, will be prepared at all times to assist in its de- fence, in case of an attack. For this purpose, Mr. J. B Conzens is hereby authorized toenrol and organize them into a company. They will be furnished with arms, ke., and in case of an alarm, assemb) quickly, and a¢ at the armory—receive their arms, ned by Capt. Cozzens tothe main Plaza, there to await further ‘ In the event of an attack, which will be known by the firing of a heavy piece of artillery, all masters of Ameri- can vessels lying in the harbor, are requested to come immediately ashore, with their crews, (leaving a sufficient number on board for the protection of the vessels, and report to Captain Hetzel, who is hereby directed to arm and organize them in as effective a manner as possible. ‘They will remain in the Custom-House Square until they receive instructions, All unauthorized persons having public arms or muni- tions of war in their possession, will, in compliance with the first article of the capitulation of this city, forthwith turn them over to Lieutenant Gorgus, of the ordnance office. By c © of Colonel W , Governor of Ver B, H, ANTHON, Adjutant First Infantry and A. A. A. G Heanacantens ov tine Ansty, } J 5 ru, Gerenat Onpens y Extracts ofa recent act of congress, published in the General Orders, No. 14, dated at the War Department, March 27, 1847—-provide for, and invite, the tender of the services ofsuch of the volunteers, now in Mexico, who may. at the termination of the present term, volun- tarily engage to serve during the war with Mexico.” ‘The General Order, containing tho xtracts, reached the General-in-Chief, at this place, some nine days ago, and was immediately sent to the Headquarters of the Volunteers, for prompt circulatio# among the regiments present, and appealed te, viz: the T e Cavalry, the 3d and 4th Illinois Infantry, the Ist and 2d Tennessee Infantry, the Georgia Infantry, and the Alabama In- fantry, whose several terms of service will, it is under- stood, expire in four, five, or six weeks. The General-in-chief regrets to learn, through a great number of undoubted channels, that, in ail probability, not une man in ten, of those regiments, will be inclined to volunteer for the war, ‘This pre-determination offers, in his opinion, no ground for reproach—considering the Jong, arduous, faithful and gallant services of those corps however deeply all will regret the consequent and un- woidable delay in the prosecution of this war to an early and honorable poace; for the Guneral-in-chief can- not, in humanity and good fuith, cause regimente— entitled, in a few weeks, to an honorable discharge—to advance farther from the coast, in the pursuit of the enemy, and thereby throw them upon the necessity of returning to embark at Vera Cruz, at the season known to be, at that place, the most fatal to life. Accordingly, the regiments of old yolunteers, aud the in- dependent company of Kentucky volunteers, serving with this army, will stand ready, on the return of the large train from below, to march’ to Vera Cruz, and thence to embark for New Orleans, where they will be, severally and honorably mustered out of the service of the United States, and paid off by the proper officers on duty there ‘This order will bo sent to those officers, and the Gover- nor and Commander ot Vera Cruz, who has been in- structed to have the necessary transports ready by the carty arrival of the returning troops. ‘There is nothing in the foregoing intended to interfere with the invitation presented by Congress and the Pre- kident, to re-enlistments, on the part of the old volun- teers. On the contrary, the General-in-chief ardently hopes, that many new companies will be formed out of those old troops, and presented for continued service, according to that'invitation. He will gladly accept them for tho war, and cause them, if not embodied into battalions, to be temporarily attached to the weaker regiments of the regular army, as ifidicated in the Pre- si dent’s orders, No. 14, above recited. Horses of tho Tennessee cavalry, as well as officers’ horses. generally, if desired by their owners, who may decline re-volunteering, will be paid for by the Quarter- master's department here, at a fair valuation, ‘The sume disposition may be made of saddles and bridles, if needed for the public service, ‘The four regimentslof new volunteers, present, will be formed into a brigade, under Brigadier General Quitman, who will designate one of the four for Jalapa, and an- other for Perote, to constitute parts of the garrisons of those places. He will receive ordera, for the commence- ment of his march, at General Headquarters, Major General Patterson, rendered, for the moment, gmpernumerary with his army, will accompany the ro: turning volunteers of ivision, and render them such assistance. on the way, as he well knows how to give. He will report, in person, at_ Wash- ington, or by letter, from New Orleans, for further orders from the War Department. ‘This distinguished general officer will please accopt the thanks of the General. in-chief, for the gallant, able and efficient support uniformly received from the second in rank of this army, By command of Major General Scott, H.H, SCOTT, AA, ALG Heapquanters, Votunteen Division, 2 Jatara, Mexico, May 5th, 1847, Oxorus No. 17. In accordance with orders from the Headquarters of the Army, the Tennessee Cavalry, tho ist and 2d ‘Ten- nessee, the 3d_and 4th {linols, the. Georgia, and tho Alabama regiments of Infantry, and Captain’ Williams’ company of Kentucky Volunteers, will be held in readi- ness to inarch to Vera Cruz, thence to embark for New Orleans, where they will be severally and honorably mustered out of the service of the United States, and paid off by the proper officers on duty thero. To ffacilitate the march, Col. Campbell, with the regiment of Tennessee horse, the Ist and 2d Tennesse Infantry, andthe company of Kentucky Volunteers, will mareh Co-morrow morning, the 6th inst. ‘The 3d and 4th Illinois regiments, under Col. Forman, will march to-morrow at 27. M ‘The Georgia and Alabam iments, under Colonel Jackson, will march on the morning of the 7th inst. ‘The troops will march with their arma, ten rounds ammunition, and their personal effects, and will turn in at this place all tents, and such other articles of camp equipage, as may not be indispensable on the return march, Each man will take in his haversack hard bread for four days, and bacon for two days. The Brigade Com- missarios will obtain from the Chief Commissary, money to purchase fresh beef, on the road, for two days. ‘The Quartermasters of the command will make the proper requisitions on the Acting Quartermaster Gene- val for the necessary requisition promulgating this order for these gallant regiments urn to the United States, the Major-General, while he regrets that the term of their service will not ‘afford opportunity for these troops to gather additional fame in the fature events of this already brilliant cam- paign, cannot forget that the recollections of a glorious past will be carried to their homes. The ‘ices of the twelve months’ volunteers will always be perpetuated in their country’s history with the remembrances of Mon- terey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo. Tho Major General avails himself, on this occasion, to take leave of the Ist and 2d ennsylvania, the South Ca- rolinarand the New York volunteers, and to tender his thanks to Brigadier-General (now Major-General) Quit- man, and them, for their obedience to orders, attention to duty, and their faithful, ready and cheerful support under all emergencies, since they have been under his command, and he assures these fine corps, and their gal- lant and accomplished commander, that ho will always be happy to meet, and to serve with them, By pe of Major-General Partenson. (Signed) WM. H. FRENCH, Acting Asst. Adj. Gen APPAIRS IN THE CUTY OF MEXICO. We are in possession of papers from the city of Mexi- co to the Ist inst., three days later than those previous- ly received. Upon the most cursory perusal o/ our files, the impres- sion made confirms all that we have before said of the wide-spread and deep-seated hostility of the Mo race, embittered immeasurably by the loss of the battle of Cerro Gordo, We can only discover that there is an: peace party whatever by the fierce denunciations of all who talk of peace, made by the organs of the other par- ties, Peace has no organ in Mexico he recent reverses of the Mexicans have exasperated toa frightful extent the animosities existing between the old parties, El Republicano quotes freely from a journal in Puebla in the interest of the clergy. From its language, no one would suspect that it was the organ of a Christian sec Its denunciations of the puros, or the party of Gomes Farias, can only be parallvled in atrocity yy the maniac ravings of Marat during the revolutionary i ery #X- horrors of France, ‘The populace are urged t cons against the traitors, as they are called. * Let their blood wash out the disgraces of the nation,” cries the representative of the church ; “then let us prepare for a universal insurrection, which. like the lightning, will consume and deyour the Yankees.” The chureh party will not allow the partisans of Farias to surpass them in denunciations of the Yankees; and the moderados, who are endeavoring to calm the resentments of these ex- treme parties, are equally desicous for war, It would not be profitable to translate more of the documents before us to show the spirit by which the whole nation appears to be animated ; our columns have already borne ample testimony on the subject, but we cannot forbear mentioning the address of the Governor of the Federal District of Mexico Uo the inhabitants after the battle of Cerro Gordo. Such a passage as the fol- lowing oceurs : * War and war only, War to the death. War as it wax waged by the Morelos, the Galeanas, the Matamoros. Let us die rather than negotiate. He is a traitor who speaks of peace, who dares to propose the slightest truce.” And again: “ Mexicans! wo are all one, and Mexicans only, Let us be unanimous; let there be but one ery, and let that cry be war. Perish the Angle Saxon! “Perish the Yankees !” We turn to other matters. Great numbers of families have left Puebla, and # great number of robberies have been committed both within and without the city. It is alo said that General Bravo had prohibited the ad- mission of provisions into the town under the severest penalties. ‘This order is censured as cruel to the help- less poor of the town, adding famine to the other ills that may be anticipated from the presence of hostile troops. A letter from Durango repeata the story that 500 Amo- ricans had left Chihuahua with fourteen pieces of artil- lery to march on Duvas It says nothing of their hav- ing returned to Chihualua upon the receipt of news from New Mexico. ‘The Americans have occupied the mining town of Gua- dalupe y Calvo, upon which Kirker was said to have a design. It is in the southern part of Chihuahua, and where the government was to have taken refuge when driven from Perral, On the Ist of May, President Anayn deciared the city of Mexico in @ state of siege—equivalent to declaring martial law, The reason assigned in the preamble of the decree is the necessity of providing for the defence of the capital and the common defence of the nation, by restraining the progress of the enemy. We have come across a decree of Anaya of an older | date giving a cross of honor to those officers. who distin | aished themselves in the actions of the 22d and 23d of | ‘ebruary, to be inscribed, “Battle of the Angostura. Approved valor.” ‘The same decree authorizes « deoo- ration to be worn upon the left arm who distinguished thems: | Letters have been received from California announcing | that on the Ist of April the United States sloop-of-war Portsmouth arrived off the port of San José, and after demanding the surrender of the town, landed 1 yan- kees,’ who planted there the American flag. The Ports- mouth then sailed to take like possession of the ports of | San Lucas, La Paz and Loreto. ‘These are all small posts | in the peninsula of Lower California, two in the extreme south of it, and two on the western side of the Gulf of California, The Mexicans express the belief that it will not be long before the Californians will turn upon their unworthy invaders, and expel them Families are leaving the city of Mexico, and taking re. fuge in the large towns of the vicinity. In Toluca such | influx that rents appreciated enormously, and fect interfered and put an end to what he called abuse of the landlords, by the most arbitrary mea- 8 The diligences continue to be r bbed in the imme vicinity of the city of Mexico, One was robbed seven times in one day, and yet the most respectable poople have to travel ia them: We think it safe to say that the | respectable classes in the country and small villages, dread the organization of guerillas much more than we have any oce: a to do. ‘The city of Mexico is overrun with disorganized sol- diery. ‘They consist in part of those who fled from Cer. | ro Gordo, find in part of those who surrendered at Vera inte horees may A) found, could not resist the owing as they do int] of the present, there is no force to Sud tee phew Nn] wise injure them; accordingly, in two or three after Col. Fremont had left these horses, withe Californian, of 3 2d, announces the arrival 4 ‘alifornian. an of the U. ri ship Dale, aad gives ‘an account of the cele- bration of Christmas holidays at Monterey, by masque- The only item of intelligence in umber is as follows :— “Our latest advices from below are upto the Ist of December. Gommodore Stockton was at that time en- ramped near San Diego, and about to march with » pretty heavy force to town of the aoaeee: Colonel Fremont at our last advices, was near Sant 80 that the battle has probably come off before this. We shall know the result before long. ‘The Commodore took with him several fine pieces of artillery, and forced his way. we doubt not, to th is quiet the ital.”? The Californian, of the 8th 9 verythii about Monterey, but reports that. small Tambees | enemy have been wen occasionally in that neighborhood. It thinks it possible that the enemy, on being beaten at the South, or, on breaking up there without a battle, will attempt some demonstration on Monterey. No aj Recsionsian a te result were felt, as the presence of the wie rendered the city safe. The fol paragraph shows the views of the editor ;—— ne NOwiBs * The line of policy which the Americans should pur- sue here, is one involving as much forbearance as Inay be compatible with public safety. Any unnecessary re- strictions only serve to irritate. ‘There are cases whieh Tequire severity. but thore are many more in which jus- tice and sound policy suggest forbearance. We should never forget that California is no longer a territory of | Mexico; she is now attached to the United States, and is destined to become a member of that glo confede- racy. All our plans and operations here font have a reference to that important result, Insurrections must be put down, but they should be suppressed with as little injury to the vital energies of the country us possible No act, wounding the individual pride, or unnecessarily proveking ee resentment, should be tolerated. here ism pulse in every man’s heart wi throbs kindly buck to kindness.” er orgs The editor of the Californian sees ono advantage in the insurrection at Los Angelos: Jt induced the imi: grants in the north to take up arms, and thus enabled them, whilst marching through the whole country, to learn its real value and resources, \ Phe samme paper of the 16th contains the following:— Franelaco, it The war on the Bay of San seems, has been amicably adjusted between the pelllt gerents, Captain Weber, who was in command of fifty or sixty volunteers, was driven into Santa Clara by the Californians, who were some two hundred strong, J flag of truce was passed, and the leaders on both sides met by appointment. ‘The Californinns stute that their object was not tomake war bn the American flag, but to protect them-elves from depredations of those who, un- | der color of that flag, were plundering them of their cattle, horses, saddles, and moans of subsistence. All that they desired was, that the property thus taken, without the authority of the Governor General, should be restored; aud they, on their part, would release their Prisoners, and retiry’ quietly to their homes. These torms, reasonable enough, were acceded to. and the par- ties dispersed, never, wo’ trust, to meet again as belli. gerents. No taking private property without giving ample receipts will be permitted by the United aod Government; and we entirel ; mistake the principles of tho present Governor General if he will tolerate it for « moment, ‘The paper of the same date gives some vague rumors of the battles near Los phere which the editor does not rely upon, It also describes the better portion of the Californians as well disposed to the American causg, ‘The California Star of the 23d gives the particulars of the troubles near Santa Clara. A lieutenant of the navy, with six marines, whilst in the interior on busi- ness, were surprised and taken prisoners by armed Mex- jeans. Capt. J. B. Hull, Governor of that district, sent # company of regulars under Capt. Marston, and a com- pany of volunteers under Capt. Smith, to rescue the prisoners. ‘Che enemy retired from his fortified camp near ,Yerba Bueua, and made @ stand not far from Santa Clara. Our forces brought their cannon to bear on the enemy, and in a few hours, induced them to sead in a flag—the result of which is given above.t Nothing was | Known, of a certainty, of the missing launch, under Mid- shipman Montgomery. Me n of the 23d of January, announces the arrival of ths Independence. Com. Shubrick, and says, “he, in virtue of his rank, takes command of all the ar val and land forces” there, It mentions that daily re- ports render it probable, that Com. Stockton and Col. Fremont are at Los Angelos, and that the latter place was taken without @ general engagement. Its capture was ucceeded by a flag of trace from the Californians, who had retired @ short distance from the town. The terms of pxeteation. it was thought, would be carried without 1urther hostilities, ‘The same. paper those whose private property haa been taken for public purposes, that ample restitution will be made in due time, An extra Californian of the 28th, gives an accou: the battles of fan Gabriel and Mess, Siiehoe published Cruz, ‘They make such reporta of American prowess in the capital that the (iovernment, for this avowed | reason, has ordered them all out of the city. ' A paper ot the 20th ult., announces the arrival of an | express from Santa Anna, in which he annouuces that | his troops are daily increasing. He announces, moreo- | ver, his unshaken resolution to continue the war to th last gasp, and for this purpose he demands means and the efficient co-operation of all Mexicans AMERICAN PRISONERS IN MEXICO, [From the New Orleans Picayune, May 19.] | ‘There was a report—but merely a report—that Majors | Gaines and Borland, and Captains Clay and Heady, and | thefr commands, were allowed the freedom of the city of | Mexico, This we do not believe, as we know that a short | time before the last arrival from Mexico thny were in close confinement in the felons’ castle of Santiago. We have heard that General Scott has given the Mexican | authorities to understand that {fa hair of their heads be touched he will make a fearful retaliation upon them. So far so good: but it seems to us that every Mexican | officer and soldier taken by the army should be held in | close confinement till the Eucarnacion prisoners, togeth- er with Midshipman Rodgers, are brought in safety to the American eamp. AFFAIRS IN CALIFORNIA. (From the St. Louis Union, May 19.) Groriemen :—1 send you twelve newspapers, received | from Col. Fremont, by M y and giving the progress of events in California during the | months of December, January and February last. The | last dates of those papers contain two General Orders | from Commodore Shubrick, dated Ist and Jith of Fe- bruary, from which will be seen his view of the Presi- dent’# disposition of the supreme command in Califor- ding questions of supremacy betwee Respectfully, &e., May 18th, 1847 ‘The papers with which Col, Benton has favored us, are full files of the Californian, printed at Monterey by Col ton & Semple, and the California Star, of January 234 printed at Yerba Buena, from them we gather the fol lowing information ;—The Californian of December oth, says, the insurgents had gone south, but that all ci- tizens having property, were at home cultivating their farms and proseeuting their lawful business, It declares that all men of desperate and reckless character had joined the insurgents. It announces that the ‘uniform policy of the United States has been to protect’ private Property, and pay for whatever was necessary for public uses, The militury commandant of the Northern De- partment forbade the sale of intoxicating liquors at Mon- terey, yet some of the sailors continued to procure it. On the 30th of November eight prisoners escaped from the jail at Monterey, by the desertion of the guard, two sailors, ‘The deserters were subsequently pursued and arrested, also, some of the prisoners. Full particulars are given of the loss of the American whale ship Baltic off the coast of Kamschatka—the \rew saved, and a part of the cargo. The Californian of the 12th of December, says Mr Larkin had been taken to Los Angelos, and was well treated, Also, that the Californians at that place difler- ed as to the courseto be pursued, The South Califor- 8 ‘THOMAS H. BENTON, | @ few weeks ago A letter published in that paper and written at Los Angelos, by an American who had been u prisoner in the enemy's hands, during the previous battles, says:— wo days back, Col. Fremont and Don Andres en- tered into a treaty, which put an end to the war. Three days back, the Mexican officers quit the camp, and Don Andres is now in command. Flores, Garcias, Ci tro, Juan and Tomas Soberandes, with ten or twelve others, had started for Sonora in Mexico. Should they hear of the treaty, they may return. The Californians appear comple ely tired of the affair. The Californian says, no further difficulty is appre- honded, as violent. measures “were not used towards those concerned in the suppressed eribes the diffloulty to w few restless spirits, as the Californians generally prefer the American government, and desire their territory to remain under the American flag. It says, that, however diplomatists may decide | the matter, California will never again be « part of Mex- | ico, as the people prefer the United States government, and will determine their own destiny for themselves, ‘The Californian of the 6th of February notices the ar- Lexington, Captain Tompkins,who, arrived in her, with his company and field artillery, was station- dat Fort Mervine. Lieutenant Halleck, of U. 8. Engi- neers, was to make permanent fortifications at the most important points along the coast; he was well provided with all necessary implements for the purpose, and had besides a saw and grist mill. The Lexington was loaded with batteries, 24 pounders, mortars, &c., ko., for mili- tary purposes, ‘Three other transports, with Colonel Stevenson's regiment were shortly expected. “ Suffl- | cient with General Kearny’s column, to secure California as a territory of the United State: A fortification will be erected ut San Francisco. here is abundance of timber, and water-power almost inexhaustible, up the Sacramento river ‘The following is the “General Order” of Commodore brick fhe Commander-in-Chief has great satisfaction in announcing to the inhabitants of Monterey, thet from information received from varivus sources,he has reason. to believe that the disorders which have recently dis- turbed the territory of California are end.und that Peace and security are restored to this district certainly, and he hopes to the whole territory “The improved state of affairs in the district, and the arrival of a company of United States artillery under Captain Tompkins, bas enabled the Commander-in- Chief to dispense with the services of the company of mounted volunteers, under Lieutenant Maddox of the Marine corps. ‘The patriotic settlers who composed thia company, nobly stepped forward in time of danger, and stood between the fiag of the United States, and the defenceless women and children of Monterey on the one hand, and the bands of lawless disturbers of the peace, on the other. ‘For such disinterested conduct, the company of mount- ed volunteers under Lieutenant Maddox, of the marine corps (acting as captain) is tendered the thanks of the Commande’ hief, and will, without doubt, receive commendation and due recompense from the general Government. “Given on board the United States ship Independence, Harbor of Monterey, Feb, 1, 1847 W. BRANFORD SHUBRICK, Commander-in-Chief, nians, it is said, wished to raise an independent flag and deliver that province to the ( States authorities, to save themselves from punishment and trouble. “It is likewise reported that several Californ joined Col. Fremont. Of this, likewise, there is very little doubt; as it is well known that several men he been waiting in the vicinity of the Pajaro river, to pre- sent themselves to the authorities of the United States, as s00n a4 opportunity should offer, and that they could | be made aware by vo doing their lives would not be taken, or themselves otherwise materially injured ‘The same number of the Star contains an appeal by a | m to the United | ns left for individual native Californian, urging submis States government, as the best security and happiness. The Californian, of the 25th, mentions the departure from Monterey, of Capt. Maddox, with fifty men—desti- nation not made public. [t adds “We have no fresh intelligence from Commodore Stockton. At our latest advices he was at San Diego; en San Pedro, there is a rumor, however, that he has t and fortified the position, Col. Fremont, when Inst heard from, was below San Luis—this was more than two weeks since—he must be at this time at Santa Bar- bara, He marched through all the heavy rains that have for fore Colonel Fremont left the town of San Juan n his march southward, his bene ings pro edthe hearty thanks of who had no right to exp ferred on them by him, but whieh favors have unfortu nately been of little or no benefit to those who received them, He gave to several poople sufficient horses to carry on their business; and to Don F Pacheco, a Mexi- can gentleman, who has done every thing in his power to forward the American cause, he sent upwards of 90 horses to be taken care of, and used in the service of that xentleman and otbers, who stood in greatest need of them, until Col, Fremont’s return from the An- gelos to this place. But here is another instance of the injury this country is suffering from the insurrection in the Angelos. Had not thix taken place, the depreda- tions which for *uch @ length of time have been com- mitted with impunity by the Indians, would, before now, have been put an end to; but such is the blind in- fatuation of many Californiaus, that they cannot see into their own interests. The Indians from the Tulares, always on the lookout, and besides always get ‘te information when and where a quantity of The sam paper contains the following circular from put, as Civil Governor » » of the country being restored, and fature chsafed by ® treaty made and entered into by commissioners respectively appointed by the properly authorized California officers on the one han and by myself a4 military commandant of the Unit States forces in the district of California on the other, by which a civil government is to take place of the mili- tary, an exchange of all prisoners, Ke., &o,, forthwith en- sure to the end that order and « wholesome civil police should obtain throughout the land—a copy of whieh said treaty will be immediately published in the Califors nia newspaper published at Monterey. ‘Therefore, in virtue of the aforesaid treaty, aa well as the functions that in me rest as civil governor of Cul fornia, | do hereby proclaim order and peace restored to the country, and require the immediate release of all prisoners, the return of the civil officers to their priate duties, and as strict an obedience of the to the civil authority as is consistent with the of peace, and the maintenance of good order when troops are garrisoned. “Done at the capital of the territory of California, tem- porarily seated at the Ciudad de los Angelos, this 224 day of January, 1847 J.C, FREMONT, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of California. Witness: W. H, Russeue, Secretary of State. Colonel Fremont at the date of the foregoing circular, nothing of the arrival of Commodore brick. The Californian of the 13th, contains the treaty ne- gotiated by Colonel Fremont. The following are the stipulations : Ist. The commissioners on the part of the Californians agree that their entire force shall, on presentation of themaeives to Lt. Col. Fremont, deliver up their artillery and public arms, wud that they shall return peaceably to their homes, conforming to the laws and regulations of the United States, and not again take up arms duriny the war between the United States and Mexico; but wil assist and aid in placing the country in astate of peace and tranquility 2d. The commissioners on the part of Lieut. Colonel Fremont, agroe and bind themselves on the fulfilment of the Ist article by the Californians, that they shall be guarantied protection of life and property, whether on parole or otherwise “a 3d. That until a treaty of peace be made and sign’