The New York Herald Newspaper, December 8, 1845, Page 1

Tt appears the aude and th t * man w! > de to become ths “brebont “erally THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. XI., No, 338—Whole No. 2190. NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 8 —_ , 1845. Price Two Cents. MORE EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS THE FOREIGN PAPERS Received at the Herald Office. The Duke of Montibello, ambassador from France, to the court of weeies, has ¢ from the place to. Palermo, (where the Emperor Ni- ¢ of Russia now is with his imperial consort,) im order to solicit the favor of a private audience the autocrat. It was said that the King ot Naples endeavored to diesuade him from taking the a ome two cardinal’s hats ; the first for the arch- Aix, the second for the arch-bishop ot Bourges, yi ede is said Bat the aon. has agreed to v4 ir, according to t! t of fe oa ng @ request of the The marriage of Mademoiselle, daughte: Duehess of Berr , and sister of the L Ke of Bee deaux, (the claimant and legitimate heir of the crown of France,) with the hereditary Prince of was tobe celebrated onthe 10th inst., at p certain, after all, that has been said upon as to the happy ot Isabella of dy f any conte that le favores . in circulation among Spain, thatithere is now no | the son ot Don Carlos is to be u The following anecdote is certain ciroles ‘the truth of which it is believed is Tox (ay Danae id eee ot regciog at D A ie back to uw visit to some of his old friends at Medrid. While stay- ing in the capital, he went to see the husband o Queen Chrisune, ed in the garde his old endsiins anid 'w corps. He was well received b fri oi itd Ce fortes) outpourings of t “the services whic! he tad renderozi to his king would now soon be re- wiided, for #ie marriage of the Queen with the son f sh gage “tlos was already accomplished.” It is oe et “said that the marriage took place by proxy, 1 Dake of Riamzares acting as representative of young prince. The news of this important ‘event has been circulated in Spain in the shape of rumore, no official acknowledgment having yet been made, and it is said that the resulta are al ready shown to be a high excitement and extreme discon- tent in the public mind. This event may lead to a counter revolution in unhappy Spain. A dispute has been on foot some time in Germa- ny, in rel to the title of certain petty Dukes of that aristocratic erg 2 The Diet of Frankfort ‘nas had the settlement of this ‘‘great matter” before them, and itis said hasat last decided that the Dukes of Anhalt and Saxe, and the Princes of the houee ot Gebers, shall be entitled to receive the high appella- tion of “Their most Serene and Royal Highnesees.” ‘The ratifications of the treaty of amity and com- xweroe, concluded on the 24th October, 1844, be- eween the Penipotentianes of the King of the French and the Emperor of China, were exchanged ‘on the 25th of August | at Taiphani, near the Bogue, in the palace of the Mandarin Admiral, who commands the Chinese force in the Canton river. The speech of the King of the Belgians gives a positive contradiction to the reports relative ta the shortness of the. grain crop. In other respecte, the tenot of this document is considered as favorable, among mercantile men. Seizure or American Crocks.<Last week, uj wards of 660 American clocks were seized, in "coh sequence of the importers wndervaluing them, and on seatipe eer were Sold at Revenue-buildings, for a much higher amqunt than they were originally valued at. They wee disposed of in lots of three sotseed the avstage price was from forty to fitty illings per lot-— Liverpool Mail, Nov. 15. Tae Onisyg rx Enar.anp.—The Leeds Mercury of the 8th ult, has the following suggestions, which are. Well worthy of attention :— ‘shave, not tora few weeks merely, but for Pos! oem been continually warning our reud- ers, the railway speculation was quite extrava- yon So must lead to mischievous consequences. “*Now that the fever is giving place to collapse, we feel it as much our duty to caution the public coe unnecessary alarm, as we did before to warn em against imprudent speculation. We do not pretend to say that much difficulty é will be experienced. No doubt money will be ‘scarce and severe losses will be sustained, espe- by the holders of shares in imprudent and ridiculous railway projects. We shall have failures in. the market, and perhaps beyond it. But undue alarm would immensely aggravate the mis- po Tae Mg cause an unnecessary and unjustifiable sacrifice of shares, possessing the most substantial value,as well as embarrass men of undoubted sub- stance. Our recommendation to the mercantile community is, to take a manly and rational view of the state of the country, to act with calmness, steadiness, and forbearance, and not to sacrifice their property in order to obtain reliet from imme- diate pressure. ‘The circumstances which induce us to believe ‘that the crisis, though it may be severe, will be short —but it will not like ruin—that, after a gale, which may carry awy int masts and top-masts, and try the strength df good ship, she will still hold her own, and ride securely on the wave—are as tollow :— “1. We have the resources accumulated during three years of ecu to fall back upon. “2. There has little or no speculation in trade or manufactures, and not much over trading with somige coustries. _ 8. Stocks ot in any hands. “4. The harvest, though below an avera been very far indeed from being like that of 1816, oreven of 1838. The grain suffered more in quality Ya seantitys The chief difficulty will arise out of the failure of the potato crop. *¢5. It is impossible that we should have an over- whelming importation of corn, to take away our bullion ; we could not get the corn if we wanted it; this is an evil which will gradually tell upon trade and the working class, but at all events we need not expect any sudden derangement of the currency Be 7% cause. : ; .\6. As prices of manufactured goods are not high, we shall be able to export goods toa consid r- bla ie in payment for whatever grain may be “7, The Bank of England has still the very large ‘amount of £14,001,298 of coin and bullion in her rs, being tour millions more than used to be considered @ full sum “8. The foreign exchanges are still im our favor witb France, and not against us with Germany. The exchange with Hamburg has improved since Jast week, and it 1s Row at par. | “9, There has been no over-issue of country bean ia, 8 and the banks are in a good condition. “10. The established railways have been proved by experience to be excellent investments, and their income is now such that the shareholders would be throwing away money to sell at present prices. “V1. Perhaps there is poarcely one of the rail- ‘ways now in Lita that will not yield a goed re- turn to the sharcholders when opened. “12. Most of the projected railways (except the purely competing lines) are betwixt towns and through tracts of country which must, beyond all doubt, sooner or later enjoy the facilities of railway communication. They have been brought forward too fast; but there are very few that will not in the course of years be constructed. “ These are considerations which, taken together, geem to us to forbid anything like despondency. ‘When bankers, mercantile men, and capitalists look at the whole case, they will see that our present dil- ficulties are temporary, brought on by the egregious folly ot railway Facmmtion, and tor which we must pay ae penalty of a good whipping, but not likely ia 8 inaterial degree, or for any. pa tact period, to arrest the progress ot the national prosperity. As amiatter of prudence we would suggest that those railway compamies which have only just been formed, and of which the deposits are not yet paid up, id postpone the call, so as not to increase the scarcity of money, and should put off their ap plications to parliament to another session. It would probably be a mere waste of money to press their bills next session, and it would be much better that the money should be inthe pockets of the share- holders, Railway directors, whose works are in progress, will no doubt see the desirableness of ob- taining the money necessary for their prosecution i oq a practi ov a the a capitalists who ve it to spare, and not drawing trom the channels of trade, already too much drained.” The Paris correspondent of the Liverpool Times says: “The Ojibbeway savages have ‘concluded their performances, and are on the eve ot returning to the United States, en route, to their own back- woods. Just previous to the eopclosica, of their pub- lic pertormances they exhibited betore the King and his family. Mr. Catlin, the enterprisin, who brought them to Manufactured goods are not large , has betas hibi hal H , u » exhibited yesterday hus portraits of Indian chiefs, epresentations of 74 dian customs, sketches of Indian scenery, and his unrivalled collection of {ndian curiosities, to Louis Philippe, in the galleries of the Louvre, where they were placed expressly for his ’s inspection. has demanded of the court of | f | ental des; with whom he had formerly serv- | 824, lunge the country into anything }, | Louis Philippe is said to have been much pleased, | and to have promised Mr. Catlin to bring the Queen | | and all his family to see the collection also. His | majesty had previously done Mr Catlin the honor { of inviting him to breakfast at the chateau of St. | Cloud. Catlin 18 said to be anxious to persuade | | Louis Philippe to buy his collection of paintings, | &e., for one of wie cs or his own private galle- | ries ; and as Louis Philipe is.a most magnificent pa- | tron of art, it is not improbable that he may. But | certainly the collection would be of greater value ies interest in a museum of the United States than ere. A peer of France having lately published a précis | of the History ot the United States trom their crea- tion to the present time; the Journal des Débats gives along critism upon it, in which it attacks re- Ppblicanism—declares the constitution of the United tates to be faulty in many respects—to be based on error in supposing every citizen wise and prudent, and a whole people able to govern themselves by reason alone. It goes on to say, that the exaggera- ion of the elective principle, as it exists in the etates, destroys not only authority, but independ- tnce; and remarks on the efforts of Jackson to break down the principle of Tepaality of ranks, which was beginning to gain ground. It deseribes the United States as ‘“‘a decapitated society, (une société decapitée,) a multitude, a presumptuous be- ing, ignorant, imperious, which will not permit it- selt to be conducted by reason, and which rules it- self by passion, by prejudice, by caprice, and by monstrous vanity.” “The multutude,” the article continues further on, “is under the name of the people, a sovereign not less ubsolute than was the Great Mogul, or the ancient kings of Persia, on their golden thrones, in the midst of their satrapes. The same adulations are made to it as are made to ori- ts. Before the pc ople no one has a will, ublicly, this baseness (bassesse) is made a vir- tue. The multitude reigns without control and with- out check. This despotism has perverted public manners, and commences to pervert private man- ners till now remarkable for their purity.” Reli- ‘ion, it is remarked, had, heretofore, been acheck, ut religion has not ‘had the influence it is supposed tohave. “Thus the eyes combination imagined by the great men of the Independence has served its time, and I have heard more than one enlightened American declare ‘It is a failure.’ Northern Ame- rica is in the way of anarchy, and from anarchy to despotism is not far.” The critic subsequently ob- serves, that the true title to be given to a book con- Rane poe studies on the United States would be, *‘ How a new people prepares itself for the Mo- narchial regime. (Comment un nouveau se prepare au regime Monarchigne.”) He then adds some flattering observations on the condition of the working classes in the United States, and con- cludes. {do not think the citations here given will be very acceptable on the other side of the Atlantic, but they are interesting as showing what is the opi- nion of the Jowrnal des Débats, the principal news- paper ot France, whose proprietor is a peer of rance, whose writers are deputies, and the most eminent literary men of the day. Romance or Rear Lire.—A young American Planter, named Da Costa, of immense fortune, re- cently came over to this country in search of a wife, and after visiting some of the most fashionable cities, and “spending his money like a prince,” without meeting the object of his search, he paid a Visit to Birmingham, and was standing one day at the door of the Hen and Chickens, when, as old wives would say (and circumstances in this case proved the truth of the saying), the very person he came to England to look for walked across New street, nearly opposite where he stood. Struck with her appearance he followed the lady, and with much politeness, expressed a wish for a better acquaintance, and a desire to see her home. The young lady, a Miss Rimmer, of Alcester, was ut that time on a visit to Mr. Heely’s, Bristol road, to whose house the stranger accompanied her, but his partner in the walk not much liking such a roman- tic visitor, referred him to her parents. The travel- ler was not to be diverted from an object in search of which he had travelled so far, and the little towa of Alcester was shortly after well nigh frightened from its propriety by a carriage ana four driving up at full speed to the house of Mr. Rimmer. After aneee wonderings among the inhabitants who it could be, it turned out that it was Mr. Da @@pte, come to request of the paremts permission to puy his addresses to theirdaughter. Advice was asked of those with whom they usually advised, and con - sent was given; and the stranger gave such evi- dence of the strength of his at ent, that he ws not long in finding his way to the heart of Mixs Rimmer ; and though many tales were afloat of whatthe modern ‘“ Blue Beard” would do, he mat- ried her at Alcester Church on Saturday week, three carriages and four conveying the parties who raced the nuptial ceremony with their presence. ‘he people whose daughter has thus become a wife, are worthy people, in moderate circumstances; the lady possesses good sense as well as personal ut- tractions, and the stranger has shown himself by munificent presents, to be really what he 8 for, aman of vast wealth, and a gentleman. ‘eunder- derstand that the eldest brother of Miss Rimmer is to accompany her to her new residenc? across the Atlantic, when his fortune, as well as hers, will be made.— Birmingham (Eng ) Advertiser. Tue Famous Evorrment or Lapy ADELA Vi1- Liers.—We lave it in our power to announce that all the mystery Ci peat! to the disappearance of Lady Adela Villiers, the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Jersey, is now cleared up, the information regarding the fair fugitive having been brought to town by the Hon. Captain Frede- rick Villiers, from the north, on Saturday after- noon. The plans of the “ runaways” were so well ar- ranged that, thanks to the railway, to overtake them was an impossibility. It seems that, unknown to the Earl of Jersey’s family, a clandestine com- munication has been maintained for some months past by the yon lady and her gallant admirer, but so secretly that not the slighest suspicion wis excited even among the closest attendants of her Hn rile A strict investigation was, on the return of the Countess of Jersey from Arundel Castle, in- stituted, the head of the [Sear at Brighton being present; and although not the least clue was to be obtained from the governess of the young lady, the lady’s maid, who invariably accompanied her lady- ship in her promenades, said that a tall fair gentle- man, of military bearing, had occasionally, te wil appearances accidentally, met Lady Adela, whew, as they conversed in French, she could not compr:- hend the substance of their discourse. _ It has subsequently tranepired that shortly after five o’clock on Wednesday evening, as Lady Ade'\a left the lodge — a public fly was in readiness, by which her lyship, in company with a gentlemai, was conveyed to the railway terminus, and proceea- ed to town by the half past five o’clock train for London. On their arrival in the metropolis they must have gone direct to the Birmingham railws at Euston square, and left by the mail train for New castle, en route to Carlisle, on their way to Gretna- gras so that when it was discovered at East Lodge, Brighton, that Lady Adela had so unaccoun- tably disappeared, the lovers were on their road to Scotland. It was also ascertained that her Lady- ship remained in the fly at_the station till the bell rang for the train to start. The Hon. Captain Fre- derick Villiers having heard on Thursday morning, of the absence of his sister, immediately started by express to Gretna, it Mee | been only surmised that Lady Adela had eloped, On his arrival at Carlisle he there gained the information that a young lady, answering exactly in description to her Ladyship, and a gentleman, had passed through that place. On his arriva] at Gretna-green, or more properly Graiteney, the rendezvous of fugitive lovers, the Honorable Captain was informed that on Thursday afternoon, attfour o’clock, a marriage was solemniz- ed and lawfully concluded between Captain Charles Park Ibbetson and Lady Adela Coriander Marie Villiers. Thus, within twenty-three hours after their departure from Brighton, the nuptial ceremony was performed. Tt was understood that after the performance of the ceremady, the Captain and her Ladyship, repuir- ed direct to Edinburgh. Captain Charles Purke Ibbetson entered the 4th oval Irish) Regiment of Dragoon Guards as cor- net, 24th April, 1885, and in June, 1837, purchased a lieutenantcy in that regiment. He subsequently changed into the 11th Hussars (Prince Albert’s own) in which regiment he holds the commission of a captain of the date of June, 1843. We understand that the gallant officer is son of Mr. Henry Ibbetson, of the firm of Ibbetson & Son, proctors and notaries of Great Knight Rider street,and of Chester-ter- race, Regent’s Park. . We learn that a letter was received by the Earl of Jersey on Saturday morning, announcing the mar- rages but it was not until the evening that the Earl br “gal were possessed of all the details of the ent. ‘he Hon. Captain Frederick Villiers arrived at an early hour in the afternoon on Saturday from Oar- isle, and was bearer of all thp information that could be obtained at Gretna. | Prince Nicholas Esterhazy and Viscount Villiers, | epee the Hoa. Saptain’s rival, proceeded | press ton, t i Earl pand oe ersey with af Mees socmsstaneee relative to . |"“The earl and Countess of Jersey and Lady Cle- mentina Villiers are expected to arrive in town to- dey, from Brighten. ; : t is rumored that her Ladyship and the Captain first met at Almack’s during the last season. Foreign Theatricals. Madame Anna illon is at present at Mons, in Belgium, where her performances are highly suc- cessful. The journals of the continent mention the death, at Cartenazzo, in the neighborhood of Bologna, of Madame Colbrant Rossini, the wife of the illus- trious composer. Madempiselle Guerinot, the pretty danseuse who performs at Drury Lane in the “Marble Maiden,” is only 16 years of age. She is as good a musician as she isa dancer. Helen Condell, is, we observe, a great favorite at Bordeaux. Her ipetiounannesate continually crown- ed with floral offerings, or, in other words,.a shower of bouquets is an ordinary compliment to our amia- ble countrywoman. Taglioni has lately been in Manchester, drawing creisio wing. houses atthe Theatre Royal. She left Manchester: on Sunday, for London. On Monda‘ evening she appeared for the last time on the Britis! stage, atthe Theatre Royal, Brighton ; and she pur- poses quitting England immediately for Paris, where she spends a week with her friends ; but, we believe, does not gladden the gay city with any pub- lic performinee. She then hastens to Como, where her mother is awaiting her ; and intends to pass a few weeks in Rome, during the Carnival. It may not be generally known that, though her father is a Lombard—his native city Milan—she is a Swede, having first seen the light in Stockholm ; but she quitted Sweden in her childhood, and France has been her adopted country. She has visited most of the states ot Europe, and been honored with presents from many of its crowned heads ; yet, strangely enough, with the exception of Milan, Bologna, and one or two other cities of less note, she has not yet made her &ppearance in Italy. This winter, we be- lieve, she will visit, for the. first time, Rome, Na- ples, Florence, and other cities, but whether she ap- pears in public, or enjoys the ample fortune she has realised, in privacy, we cannot say. Her cheerful kindness, genuine courtesy, and good nature—ever manifested to the humblest of the ballet corpsaround her—have left in these, as in all who knew her, mingled with sincere regrets, the beat and most dis- interested wishes for her future prosperity. At the Dublin Theatre Royal, during the perform- ance of ‘Fra Diavolo,” one night last week, Mr. Reeves, in springing from the rock, unfortunately apeined his ancle, and has since suffered consider- able pain. No serious congequenses are appre- hended. Hialy, after a most successful career on the conti- nent of Europe, is about to return to England. At the latest dates he was at Vienna, previous to which he was in Paris, reaping a golden harvest. His youngest son now joins him in his performances.— One of his most astonishing acts, that has excited particular attention, is throwing his oungest son upwards, and catching him on the soles of his feet. Several other feats, equally wonderful, have created the most marked attention wherever he has pro- gressed. He is expected to perform, towards the close of the present month, at Drury Lane theatre. The second amateur performance, in which Doug lass Jerrold, Charles Dickens, Mark Lemon, and other literary gentlemen performed, for the benefit of the Sanatorium, took place on the evening of Saturday last, at St. James’ Theatre, London.— Prince Albert and a large number of themale and female aristocracy, were present. The play was the same as at, “Miss Kelly’s theatre—Ben Johnson’s “Every Man in his Humor.” _ Another amateur per- formance, by'che same parties, forthe benefit of Mis Kelly, is on the tapis. The play will, it is said, be “The Alchemist.” Tueatre Royat.—There has this week been in- troduced to the natice of the playing public the greatest novelty of this or any other season, in the person of the African Roscius, who commenced an engagement of five nights on Monday last, in the character of Othello. The announcement that a native of Senegal would appear as the Venetian Moor had drawn, with the exception of thé boxes, a crowded house, and we understand so successful was the character represented, that the African Ros- cius was called for at the close of the tragedy—a compliment generally paid to favorites at our_thea- tres. On rrneads viet ening the opera of the “Slave” was performed, the part of Gambia being sustained by the African Roscius. We Must confess we visi- ted the theatre that evening with strong misgivings as to the powers of the actor, but yet there was somethin; prukiegand impressive in the fact that one of Afric’s sun-burnt sons was, in this land of liberty, to represent the character of the Slave. The" piece had not proceeded far before we were aston- ished at the histronie powers of the Ethiopian. There is a kind of untutored wildness in the manner in which the African Roscius portraysthe character, which, however it may be at varience with the course usually adopted by actors, displays originali- ty of conception, and powers of embodying it of no ordinary description. It would be unfair, perhaps, to judge the subject of the present notice by the usual standard, and yet we feel persuaded he would suffer little by such a mode of estimating his qualifi- cations for the stage. Asa whole, we never recol- lee: seeing the character of. Gambia better played. It was a perfect development of the emotions of the devoted, noble-minded slave, strug- gling between passion and duty. In the scene where first he meets with Zelinda’s child, he dis- played great depth of feeling, and when, overcome by gazing istently on the face of the boy, he rushed from the stage, there were few dry eyes in the thea- tre. The overpowering effect p:oduced by the an- nouncement that he was free, was judiciously repre- sented, and his apparent efforts to give utterance to his feelinga electrified the audience, who rewarded him with a spontaneous burst of applause. The other characters in the piece were well sustained. In the comic opera of the “Padlock,” the Afri- can Roscius has an opporjunity of displaying his powers in another line of character, and as the mischievous{nigger Mungo, his broad humor and whimsicalities, nigger melodies and eccentric characteristics of the negro race, kept the house continually ina roar of laughter. As the African Roscius is the only actor of color that has appeared in England, the following sketch, which we take from the bills of the theatre, may not prove unin- teresting :—“ The Africans progenitors, down to the grandfather of the subject of this memoir, were Princes of the Foulah tribe, whose dominions were Senegal, on the banks of the river of that name. The fatner of the present individual was sent for his education to Panag acting college, near New York, in the United States. ree days after his departure from his native shore, an insurrection broke out among the tribe, arising chiefly froma wish on the part of their king, to exchange prison- ers taken in battle, instead of adopting the usual barbarous custom of selling them for slaves. His humanity, however, interfered with an established perquisite long possessed by some of his principal officers. The grandfather of the present African Roscius, throughftheir interested policy, fell a vic- tim to his mutinous subjects, Deprived of the means of asserting his birthright, and to a certain degree cast upon the world asa cosmopolite, the fu- ther became a clergyman, and officiatea in New York. The subject of this memoir was born July 24, 1807, and was destined for the rame profession, but preferring the sock and buskin, he departed trom his father’s roof, and wended his way to the shores of Old England, ———_————— Supreme Court or tae Unrrep Srates—Thurs- day, Dec. 4, 1845.—No. 4. Wm. M. Gwin, plantift in error, vs. Buchanan, Hagan & Co. This c argued by Mr. Mason for the plaintiff in error. Tombigbee Railroad Company, plaintiff in err H.Keeland. This cause was submitted to the Court on the record and printed argument by Mr. Maintiff in error. No. 16. James in error, vs. Sanders Neely. This to the Court on the record by Mr. 5 the defendant in error, who prayed the Court for ten per cent damages under the Ith rule of the Court. No, 18 is the first case for to morrow. Furvay, Dec. 5, 1845.—John A, Rockwoll, Enq., of Norwich, Connecticut, and George W. Brent, Esq., of Virginia, were admitted attorneys and counsellors of this Court. No. 16. James Payne, et al., plaintiffs in er- ror, vs. Sanders weer 6 plaintiffs in error in this cause having been called, and not appearing, this writ of error was dismissed with costs, on the motion of Mr. Mason, of counsel for the defendant in error. N to [Foreign Correspondence of the Herald.) Paris, Nov. 15, 1845. The Critical State of Things in Europe—The Fre- quent Cabinet Councils in England—Their Rela- tion to the Famine and Oregon Questions— What has been done?—The Food Crisis im Evurope, | and particularly in Ireland—The Position of the French Cabinet—The Singular Ministerral Ana- logy between England and France—Interesting Diplomatic Movements—The Music, the Drama, the Fine Arts, §. §c. §¢. There is at this moment a striking analogy be- tween the Cabinet of St. James and and that of the Tuilleries.4 Both are come almost to apolitica! dead | lock. Their principal wheels are impelled in con- sequence—the absolute suspension of progress—has of course ensued, In both, an antagonism has taken | place between the civil and the military elements. | In both, the head de facto hesitates to assume that | decision of conduct which springs from firmness | and clearness of purpose, and a consciousness of support and concurrence from without. The dissen- sions between Marshals Soult and Bugeaud have led to the aetual resignation of the war porttolio, and the proffered resignation of the presidency of the council by the former. M. Guizot, the head de Sacto of the cabinet, has thus been involved in cruel embarrassment. He cannot venture to assume his proper position in the President’s chair at the Coun- cil. His colleagues are against such a step, and his unpopularity with the constituencies of the extreme | left forbids it. He therefore has induced, by abso- lute supplication, the old Marshal to retain, for the present, the Presidency of the Council, but the war offic is vacated, and great has been the dilemma of the Cabinet. The post has been offered successively to several officers of high military rank, and succes- ares declineds ae lenath, the youngest of the gene- rals, who previously filled a subordinate situation in the same office, has received the portfolio. It is eel- dom in the chapter of political accidents that such a windtall descends so unexpectedly upon a soldier. Soult, however, (:mportant as he 1s to the French ed) ig immeasureably less influential than the Duke of Wellington in the Cabinet of St. James. The Duke 1s supported by the prestigé of success, not only military but political. He is the idol of the high aristocracy. He is the link, and the only one, which binds the high tory party to the present gov- ernment. Sir Robert Peel is repudiated by that party, and trusted by none. He holds his position by a singular and fortuitous combination of circum- stances. He is the mechanical centre of a number of reciprocally repulsive forces, all of which are di- rected against him, but which he has hitherto had the dexterity to keep in equilibrium. At the moment that I write, these antagonist forces are acting with full energy within the Cabinet.— The threatened scarcity in England, and the certain approach of physical want in Ireland, have raised the omnipotent voice of the people once more against the corn laws. The plastic Premier, seeing the shadows which approaching events project, de- sires to give way, before the irresistible torce of the pressure is rendered glaringly manifest. His position 18 a cruel one—pledged chin-deep to. the sliding scale, he is still more irrevocably sworn against the principle of a fixed duty. To concede the latter would utterly eee him with the present generation and posterity. To abandon the former would be merely to yield to the insuperable emer- rency, and would, in fact, be no more than a pen- dant to his course of conduct on the subject of Catholic emancipation. 4 The Iron Duke and the landed aristocracy, on the other hand, seem determined to defend their mono- poly to the last, and in fighting against the bellies of the people, neither to give or to take quarter. Meanwhile, whatever be the final decision of the Cabinet, clouds continue to thicken on every side, around the nation. It is now discovered that ix many of the other countries of Europe, corn is either actually, or likely soon to be, as dear as in England. This state of things will necessarily be attended by the exportation ot the bonded corn from Pagans: to the ¢ontinent. Aye—the exportation— in the face of our scarcity of food in England, and the spectacle of four millions of famishing people in Ireland. While the Ministry hesitates, the waters of the St. Lawrence will congeal, and the ports of Dantzic, Odessa and the tic be tro- zen up. ‘ English politicians have suddenly discovered that . McKean Buchanan, plaintiff in error, vs. Al | exander and Mary Ann Anderson, T'! cases were argued by Mr. Atiomey General in behalf of the plaintiff in error. No. 27. a A. Garland, plaintiff in error, George M. Davis. This cause was argued by Mr. Coxe & cao iy se toesiner abenitted on ee by r. R.J. Brent of the plaintiff i , Adjourn- ed till Monday morning, 11 odlock, spate ee “Tur Mysrerizs or Greeng.”—We learn trom & passenger that passed through this place on Mon- day evening, that the examination of witnesses at Bing- hamton, in the case of Johnson, arrested for the murder of Mrs. Bolt, had been brought toa close, and that John A. Collier and Abial Cook, Esqs., the former in bebalf of the priso1 andthe latter the part of the people, were to sum up. Several days may yet be oooupled. It is ge! ly thought that Jo! in Will be committed to wait his trial for murder.—Norwich,N. ¥., Telegraph. —_—== Constitution or Lovistana.— matitu- tion of this State has been sdopeed oparece ‘ot 12,178 against 1,245, the Oregon qu nn and the corn laws are intimate- Vv ‘connected, The Oregon war question,” say they, “is popular in America ; it was favored by Mr. Polk in his inaugural address, and is received with shouts of applause. But by whom? Not by the merchants ot New York and Boston, who drive so profitable a trade with tela Not by the planters of Virginian tobacco. Net by. the cotton and rice proprietors of Carolina and Georgia. Not by the cultivators of Alabama and Louisiana, nor by the merchants of New Orleans. With whom then is the prospect of an Oregon war popular in Ameri- cat? Why, certainly with the agriculturalsts of the West and Southwest, who have no commercial tic with Great Britain, and nothing to gain by the main- tenance of peace, or to lose by the contingency of war.” But let an Irish famine and an English scar- city annihilate the monopoly of the British land owners, and establish once and ferever a free trade in bread stuffs, and the voters of Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and the other agricultural and provision producing States, will send their delegates to Congress, bound hand and foot to maintain peace at every cost, consistent with the maintenance of the national honor. It is not a distantand worthless territory that will move them to suspend the tide of prosperity whieh such a course of events would produce. ‘ $ It 1s assumed, also, that the importation of bread stuffs from the ‘West, which must necessarily fol'ow the abolition of the corn restrictions in England, would be further stimulated by two causes. First, the restrictions on the exportation of corn and other provisions, which some States ot Europe have alrea- dy established, and which others are likely soon to adopt; and secondly, the expected modifications of the American tariff, thus encouraging the exchange of the produce of British industry for the produc- tions of the American soil. 7 But still the Cabinet of London hesitates. Ja this dead season, when by long established usage, officials are set loose to wander about the country, and visit here and there—grouse shooting in one place, and sharing a battue in another—the whole Cabinet were summoned to London. The premier, stretched on the couch in his library in Driv y-gal f dens, unable to cross the street to the Treasury, had four successive meetings of the Cabinet summoned to his private residence, and each meeting continued in close conclave fer five hours! And what came of this twenty hours grave consultation these councils, during which the people of England, und more especially the people of Ireland, waited in breathless expectation? Why, these sage council- lors, these “potent, grave, and reverend seignors,” came to the wise resolution to do—nothing!!! The best informed persons behind the scenes of the ministerial stage, declare that the differences in the Cabinet have been irreconcilable; that the premier inclined to an immediate opening ot the ports, but thatthe Duke and the more conservative members steadily and ear Teun this. In the end, the expedient of all weak and vascillatin, councils—procrastination—was resolved on. further and more extensive inquiry was ordered to be made into the result of the harvests, ana the ac- tual supply of provisions, with a view to ascertain whether there be a physical possibility for the popu- lation of that great country to sustain life through | the coming season, without supplies from abroad. If that possibility be found to exist, the agricultural party will cling to their monopoly, from which they will not willingly disengage their grasp, unless their fingers be relaxed by famine. i here is a power, however, which when its voice goes forth, will speedily make these monopolists quail. That power once already made itself felt when the reform bill was jeopardized, and Lord | Grey’s cabinet dismissed. That power is the awful voice of the masses. This voice 1s not raised, as | in America, on comparatively trifling occasions. | lt is sparing of its power. It [eaves more ordinary events to governed by more ordinary influ- ences. ut in proportion to its unfrequency, | is the vastness of its might. When that voice is tuised, people in high places tremble, and its man- dates are irresistible. If wisdom, prudence, and foresight, do not make those in office soon yield to the impending emergency, that voice will, as surely as the recurrence of night and day, be raised, and if | raised, who will withstand it? In expressing those | rashness, and it certainly is wi the scope of possi- of contemporaneous authorities, | I will quote two, who are, on other points, generally a8 opposite as pole to pole. ‘Whatever difference of opinion may exist on the extent of this vegetable trary directions, and the necessary mechanical con- | th ‘The Peculiar Position of Affairs In Europe. | disease, and the best means of arresting its progress | sumption of bread in the same city. The consump- remedying its effects,” says one eminent con- | tion of beer in that city is of extraordinary amount, temporary, “‘one fact seems universally admitted— | that a considerable portion of the population ot Ire- | land will shortly be deprived of their ordinarymeans of subsistence. Some extraordinary means must, therefore, be provided, and the calamity being na- | tional, the provision is naturally looked for at the | hands of government.” “The amazement,” ex- claims another, “with which one contemplates the reckless and daring hardihood of this decision of Sir RK. Peel’s, rejects, as totally inadequate, all the ordinary language of mere political censure. Indig- | nation is, for the momest, lost in astonishment.— We did not believe that the man lived out of Bed- jam who would dare to assume the responsibility of three winter months of famine prices and prohibito duties. Least of all, could we have imagined that Sir R. Peel—a statesman so nervously irritable at the bare mention. of “responsibility,” and so tho- roughly well cognizant of the nature and power of jose terrible realities with which his legislation has brought us face to face, could be the man to charge himself with this burden. That Sir R. Peel has a heart, after all, we did not take it upon our- selves to affirm very positively; but we certainly never supposed him to have those nerves of iron which he will need between now and next Febru- ary. * & * * That he would venture to disappoint a national presentiment so strong and general as that which has pervaded this country during the ast fortnight, and which reiterated and protracted Cabinet meetings had raised into a sort of certainty, we freely took for granted to be morally and poe impossible. - = ris 4 he accounts from Ireland have, in the main, been more gloomy and ominous. The last intelligence is ever the worst. Every day cuts off many days food from four millions of Irish People and accelerates, by many days, the arrival of t ne last horrible - 7 reality. It is now for the people of Great Britain, from one end of the country to the other, to protest in a tone which no minister can dare pretend not to hear, against 1e eriminal obduracy of maintaining the prohibitory duties in the very face of famine. ‘That protest must be prompt, loud, unceasing and unsparing. We warn the country—though the warning is now su perfluous—that it will take a most determined effort to bring to his duty the minister who shamelessly abdicates the functions of government, after having distinctly acknowledged the urgency of the crisis calling for their exercise, and who manifests a hardened indifference to the reality of that ‘ respon- sibility,’ the mere allusion to which he affects to re- sent a8 an outrage.” This is strong language. It would be strong it uttered in the heat of a parliamentary debate, but is a thousand times stronger when deliberately penned at the desk of a journalist. It is not, however, one whit stronger than the emergency demands from every writer who has a heart to feel and the power to give expression to his feelings. I told you in my last that the same mail would probably take to you the gazette of the order in council opening the ports. in error were the whole British nation ! " There is not, as yet, it is said by the monopolists, any manifestation of distress; for the returns ot Mark Lane show that corn has not approached a starvation price. Thisis true. But it is like the mockery of the fiend—true only tothe ear. In the market is a large quantity of bad with a small quantity of good'grain. The latter alone 1s fit for such wholesome bread as the English working classes are eccustomed to eat. But the market price of wheat is taken from the average, which in this case 1s produced by the fusion of the thousands ot quarters of bad with the hundreds or tens of good corn ; the mixture of the “few grains of wheat with the bushel of chaff.” J i Z While the English Government is standing still, press teems with warnings ‘ which reust visit France if the ports be opened in England to foreign corn. In France there has been a fair average harvest, but not one which has yielded any excess beyond the amount of the actual wants ot the country. In the normal condition of things, there would be nothing to apprehend. The sliding scale in England would necessarily have restrained importation into that country, so as Ep ahd full pro- tection to the French consumer. But if the estab- lished cereal laws of that country are to be suddenly abolished or suspended—if the English consumer is to seek for food in the French market, where it js—nothing can retain the necessary food in France except a rise in prices; in other words, the people of France must outbid the English buyer in their own market—and when the relative lengths of the two purses are considered, it is not difficul: to foresee the result of such an auction. — In 1889, there was an abundant harvest in France, and an exportation took place, amounting, accord- ing to some, to four, and according to others to ten per cent of the whole corn production of the coun- try. It is asked, then, whether France, having only just what she requires, can, with impunity, al- low the exportation of ten, or even four per cent of her gross production ? The former would be equal to the support of her population for 1x weeks—the latter for two. But, whether it be two or six, can she live without bread for such an interval ? “Think of exposing the people !”” exclaims a leading journal, “for such a time to the most direful extremity to which a great people can be reduced !” ? Besides, it is contended that the corn-producing part of France is exclusively those northern de partments, which either border on the channel, or are in easy communication with it. It ison these that the wine-producing provinces of the south de- pend. But from the peculiar position of these de- partments, the transport of their corn to England will be easier, and cheaper than its transmission to the southern population of their own country, who cannot subsist without it. In the event of the sus- pension of the corn laws, every thing would, there: fore, favor the English buyer in th- French market Such, and many others too prolix to explain, arr the grounds on which a large and influential por- tion of the French press urges on the executive the policy, nay, even the State necessity to exercise the power with which the laws and constitution, have invested it, to interdict the exportation of grain, flour, or other food. i Meanwhile, the prohibition on exportation 18 be- inning in other ports. Sardiniahas already inte: Sicted*and the other countries of the Mediterri- nean will follow. ’ . The discussions on the contingency of a genera! scarcity in Europe have led to some developments, which probably will not be destitute of interest for your readers. It is contended that the advance- ment of civilization and the diffusion of Knowle causing improvements in agriculture throughout Eu- Tope, render the population of this continent more and mote independent of those atmospheric vicissi- tudes, which formerly were attended by scarcities or famines. Thus, while in the last century these visitations were comparatively frequent and attended by severe public suffering, there has been within the last forty years, but one example of a harvest in France decided! bad, and even that one, the harvest of 1817, was little more than 20 per cent less than the average annual production. This general secn- rity arises, at least in France, not alone from the im- proved cultivation of the soil, but from the fact that not one, but a variety of kinds of subsistence are rais- ed. Thus, the very states of the season which may diminigh the production of food of one kind, meteorological conditions whieh should destroy or deteriorate all equally, is scarcely conceivable. !t follows from these views, that countries in which the population is accustomed to limit the production to particular species of food, to the exclusion of this variety, are more exposed to the consequences of the vicissitudes of seasons. England, and still more Ireland, afford examples of this. In England, the produetion is in a great degree limited to corn and cattle. In Ireland, to the potato. When one or the other of these fail, the safety of the country is jeopardised, and relief must be sought from abroad. ivide the soil, and when industry and skill produce more varied subsistence, the occasional failure of some crops will be compensated by the fecundity of others. To secure this inestimable benefit to any country, it is only necessary, therefore, that human intelligence should be duly span to bring the laws of nature into subjection to the uses of our species. In connection with these enquiries, some. tacts. have been brought forward, curiously illustrative of the domestic habits and economy of different peo- le. Not only do the populations of different coun- tries subsist on different species of food, but they consume different quantities. It has been ascertain- ed that the annual consumption of corn in the fol- lowing countries,is at the subjoined rates per head of the respective populations : strong opinions, I may be charged by some with | in bility that I may be wrong. If such should be the | a, y stall be wrong in good company.— | meat per head POUNDS OF CORN PER HEAD PER ANNUM. England . 440 pounds. Saxony . Austrian . id, the estimated annual consumption of Lm “4 sixty two pound bs in Bavaria # A unde, and in Austria only yunds. e pes local consumption of meat known is that of Seo of Munich, where it amounts to 280 poun per head, and is nearly equal to the con- the insane and | I was mistaken. But you see that my companions | is contended there exists no exes to satisfy his | ds | "Phe health of the Em being at the rate of above 180 gallons per head, per annum, or nearly two quarts per he con- day. TI | sumption of the same beverage in England amounts to only a pint per head, per day, which is generally led as a wwance. It will naturally be rare whether those great differences between peo- ple and people in their sustenance, has any effect on the duration of life. It would appear not. The Austrians, who are indisputably the most temperate ponaleion of Faron, are not Seton * payeleat vigor, and enjoy g average heal The mean duration of ite in France is not much interior to England, and is auperior to other eountries of pone, in which the standard of subsistence is igher. _ The attention of the Cabinet, in the late protracted sittings, has not been confined to the eorn hapa The Oregon negotiation has largely it, and serious apprehensions are expressed at the difficul- | ties which the adjustment of this question offers. On this question it is also believed that dissension | ¢xists in the councils of the crown. A persuasion | is entertained by come that mere diplomacy will net lead toa settlement. Notwithstanding the power entrusted to Mr. McLane, no advance in the nego- tiation has actually been accomplished, and it is | icone, pomisae tone Ge Mr. Polk’s inaugural reas, that his approaching message to re will only tend to make a settlement still more diffi- cult and complicated. Some maintain question can only be adjusted by reference to the arbitriment of a third power. It is contended that | this ought nat to be objected to by any equitably disposed ; yet it is itted that a feeling againet | ues exists in America. pe ah i decision wie | an European sovereign, if selected as umpire, lean ' towards England ? emarchacal prejudice and the feeli ainst the great democracy of the West, might luce such a Satins but, on the other hand, no power of Europe has any very strong disposition | to extend the power of a neighbor atrenty 80 formi- dable as England. ve “ These discussions of the British Cabinet have | terminated for the present, nor is it probable that | any thing more decisive on these subjects will trans - | pire before the departure of the mail which will place | this letter in your hands. Meanwhile, your me: ts | may rest assured that the English corn laws are | doomed—that many weeks cannot, according to j all present Stpsnranere pass over, before a market | for American breadstufis wiil be opens in all the ports of Britain. They will, therefore, do well to act on this information before the communications between the western corn States and the Atlantic cities shall be closed. Bread has eireaas: risen fifty per cent. in England, and very little leashere. This |1s an evil whieh will produce its own increase.— | Wages in England |iave not risen with the price of fo The URGE classe therefore, after provid- ing for ita necessary sustenance gut of its low | wages, will have a less surplus to spend on the pro- | duce of the manufacturer, and the latter will conse- | quently have to contract his. operations, Se either | reduce wages or diminish his hands. Thus, distrees will augment the very causes which produce it. Ina ae aah I Cea the im) sree ‘in art, which has been effected, by transferr - gravings, etc. to plates of zinc, and which is called lyptography. A still more wonderful effect, resem- Fling ¢ is, has lately been produced in Prussia, the process of which, however, is still secret. The attention of the King of Prussia, and his ministers and councillors has lately"been called to it. An in- habitant of Berlin is represented as having discover- | ed a method of producing, in the most perfeet, easy and rapid manner, exact facsimilies of documents jand writings of story kind, bank notes, and, in | short, of every paper document, whether written or | printed. The most surprising part of the thing, 18 | that the inventor requires, to execute the copy, 10 | more time than an ordinary printer would the French nafion 1s taking the alarm. The Paris | make an impression with a common press. inst the consequences One of the public functionaries of the government | gave the inventor an old document to copy, whieh seemed, from its age and worn condition, incapable | of being imitated. The artist took it to his atelier, | and in afew minutes returned with fifty copies of it! The imitation was so perfect, that it filled the | monarch and his council with astonishment, amount- ing to stupefaction and even fright! At the foot of | this document were affixed a great number of signa- | tures, which it had received at various epochs, more or leas remote, all very old, and written im different inks. The copies gave all these, with the most ex- act precision. ‘ Several Treasury notes of the highest value were | then given to the inventer, to be copied. He took | them, as before, and returned after some minutes, ayia maine the originals with the copies, and in- | vited the most competent judges of such documents to select the originals from the collection! It was impossible to do it!! The government are nego- tiating with the inventor for the purchase of his secret. Algiers, or as it is now called, Algeria, (in which | term is comprised a portion of northern Africa, limited by a radius he certain extent round the city of that name,) continues to engross the atten- tion of the public here. For many reasons it is ex- tremely difficult, indeed, it may be truly said to be impossible, to obtain a true account of the condition of the French power in that colony. Abdel Kader, working on the national feeling of. the native wap adroitly availing himself of their fanaticism, excit ‘the present insurrection, which has spread in a | greater or less degree throughout the country. The contest partakes of all the bitter unrelenting spirit of a holy war ; a war in which, moreover, civilized arms are opposed to savage hordes. The Emir, Abdel Kader, has shown himself a consummate | adept in the Fabian tactics. His retreats have been | disastrous to his enemies. Victory has brought to | the French neither glory nor advantage. If the move- | ment be quelled, they will be in the midst of a sul- | len population, kept in subjection by force alone, and to restrain which, a standing army ot one hundred | thousand men will be necessary, the ranks of which, thinned by the curse of a pestilential climate, must | be continually filled from the flower otf the French | mation But whether there is a near prospect of re- | ducing the native tribes even to this reluctant and | rebellious subjection, it is impossible to say. We possess no maps of the country. Except immedi- | ately around the city of Algiers, there are no roads or other civilized routes. It is, therefore, impossi- | ble, trom the bulletins, to comprehend the real na- ture of the operations. repoi in them, or to esti- mate the worth of the advan they lay cl to. Moreover, we hear but one side of the question. No bulletins of Abdel Kader reach us. It is not in human nature or character to suppose that the bulle- tins of the French commanders do not gloss over Teverses, mitigate defeats, and underrate losses; or, on the other hand, magnily successes, and ex rate the reverses of their enemy, From these causes, the bulletins are really, so far as public in- formation is concerned, little better than waste pa- per. The horrors of the Dahra did not reach the blic through the pages of a bulletin. Neverthe- 88, it is now admitted on every hand that the re- conquest of Algiers is not going to be the affair of a | week or a month. t | One of the European events which has created a sensation in diplomatic circles, is the proposed mar- ‘ riage of the Grand Duchess Olga, favorite daughter | of the Czar, to the Austrian Arch Duke Ste) | This alliance has been on the tapis for the last two | years, and has been obstructed by the questions ari- | sing out of the difference of religious faith between the two imperial families. Nicholas required that even stimulate that of another, and acombination 4 Tits daughter should continue in the practiee and cb- servances of the Greek Church. Metternich, on the part of Austria, made it a sine que non that the Grand Duchess should, on her marriage, renounce her national creed, and join the Church of Rome. On this point, the proposed alliance was once, it not oftener, relinquished. It is understood that in the first instance it was not very strongly wished for by the Cabinet of Vienna, but the appearance of | the growing amity between the Court of St. Janes | and the of the Barricades, and the much- talked of entente cordtale, have at length induced Metternich to view more favorably the policy of es- tablishing a counterpoise on the other side of the Rhine, to the united influence of France Eng- | land. ‘Meanwhile, the Emperor Nicholar hae gives | way on the religious question, and consented that his daughter should conform to the religion ot her proposed id, and accordingly the marriuge will be solemnized, it is said, early in the ensuing | year, unless the death of the Empress—an event by no an unlikely—should be the cause of its fur- | ther delay. The grand duchess Olga is in her twenty-third year, and is a noble looking woman. Nicholas is | devotedly fond of her. She is an expert equestrian, | and appears on horseback in the rial Staff, on | field days and at reviews. The Emperor has given | her the command ot a regiment of Hussars, ot which she is named the Colonelle ’ ian f You will have learned through the papers that | Empress of Russia, sinking under the fatal effects of consumption, has gone to reside for the winter in | Sicily, where the King of Naples the part ot | host to the imperial family. The has proved an exciting event in the torpid society of Messina | and its neighborhood. To your readers, who so | little sympathise with the etiquette of courts, the following particulars, received here to-day, will per- is 80 much improved 6 % now able to walk on since her arrival, that