The New York Herald Newspaper, December 7, 1845, Page 1

OO THE NEW YORK HERALD. n FYROM THE FOREIGN PAPERS | Recelved at the Herald Office. | The crop of coflee from Ceylon is said to be very defective. | _ The electric telegraph between Paris and Rouen | is now complete. The authorities of Denmark have adopted the pee as the instrument of capital punishment enceforth. Letters from Pisa state that Ibraham Pacha is im- proving in health. | The supply ot silk from China, during the present year, has been 11,000 to 12,000 bales. The London papers have been speculating on the probability of a warlike movement in India. The Duke of Wellington has sent out orders to abolish temperance and ail other societies in her | Majesty’s regiments. The French Government are sending 20,000 men to Algiers, not 12,000, as currently reported. The happiest results have attended the efforts made for the purpose of introducing silkworms into Prussia. . The remains of a Roman villa have been recently discovered near Oxford. Sir Richard Vivyan has denied that he is the au- thor of the Last Vestiges of Creation. A new daily paper will, it is said, shortly be start- ed, with Charles Dickens as editor. A new theatre, the cost of which is £50,000, has been opened at Lisbon. - It is described as being a very splendid affair. During the last twenty-five years, the increase in the population of Austria has been 25 per cent. The Constrtutionnel of Friday says, “There is some intention of establishing a French consulate at Honolulu, the capital of the Sandwich Islands, in Oceania. The etate prisons of Rome are reported to be filled with 7000 eae many of them of the first families. The disaffections of the people there are not yet settled. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have at length determined that Woolwich Dock Yard, the first naval and most ancient port in Europe, shall immediately be placed in a state of fortifi- cation. The whole of the Glasgow banking establish- ments have raised the interest on deposits from 2 to 2g per cent per annum; the Royal Bank and National Bank of Scotland to 8 per cent. The King of Sweden has appointed Mr. Mordin, who has hitherto been Swedish Charge d’Affaires and Consul General in the United States of Ameri- ca, to be his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court St. Petersburgh. Such is the excitement in railway matters that a gentleman being suddenly asked by a friend who met him, “How do you do?” replied “j to }.” , The new Mayor of Liverpool is David Hodgson, Esq., formerly connected with the great American house of Messrs. Cropper, Benson & Co. The directors of the London and Brighton Rail- way have issued a circular of directions to their servants, and with» the view of preventing railway accidents, have offered a donation of £25 to the Provident Fund for every quarter during which no accident occurs on the line. A Mr. Talbot has taken out a new patent fora new power based on the condensation of carbonic acid gas. By chemical means and great pressure, the carbonie acid is brovght down to a temperature below the freezing point. Heat is then applied, when its expansive power, Mr. Talbot avers, ex- ceeds.that of steam, while the great weight of the furnace, W&e., is dispensed with. A sanguinary conflict is said to have taken pluce on the evenings of the first und second instant on the frontiers of Romagna, between the Swiss end the Pontifical troops. Italy is in a very unsettled state. The American provision trade does not exhibit much activity. ‘The quality of the incoming cheese 1s supertor to saat hee with a steady, if not an improving demand. Beef has not been much in- quired for, and prices are a shade lower. Pork, notwithstanding the high price of Irish, does not increase in value. The market is bare ot lard, and ie quality which has recently arrived, is not up to je mark. The Spanish Government are fitting out several ships of war, to be stationed along the coast of Andalusia, to check the smuggling which of late feere bas ie carried on to an enormous extent tween that province and Gibraltar. Lord John Russell has recently been presented with the freedom of the city of Edinburgh, on which occasion he made a long selt-laudatory speech, in which the slavery of the United States was touched upon and strongly condemned. One of the French papers, the National, advocates the necessity of closing the French ports for the ex- portation of grain, and blames the Government for the present uneasiness and fears of the French people on that subject. On All Saints’ Day, Mr. Newman, the leader of the Paseyite inovement in the Anglican Church, from which he has seceded, received confirmation at the hands of Dr. Wiseman, Coadjutor Bishop of the the Midland Circuit, in the Chapel of Ogevit College. 2 It is stated that medical gentlemen are much wanted in China, andthat those who are already there are reaping a golden harvest, having ext n- sive practice and hadsome puy. The late gales in the Northern Seas were felt «ll along the North-east coast of Scotland, where many small vessels were driven on shore. The Journal des Debats states, that the chief object of Abdel-Kader is to induce or to compel the Arab tribes to emigrate from the territory of Algeria to that of Morocco. . Two agents of an Enlishcempany are now travel- ling over Switzerland, and visiting the authonties of the several cantons, in order to obtain permission to | in London before we got them. We obtain Ameri- construct a railroad, which is to connect Germany with the Mediterranean, and cross a part of Switzet- land. According to their statement their company isin possession of a capital of £3,000,000, and several important London houses are at the head of the enterprise. _ The King of the French has now nine grandsons, viz:—Count de Paris and the Count de Chartres, sons of the Duke of Orleana; Count d’Eu and the Duke d’Alengon, sons of the Duke de Nemours; the Duke the Pentievre, son of the Prince de Jow ; the Duke de Brabant and the Count de Flanders, sons of the Queen of the Belgians; the Duke de Wurtemburg, son of the Princess Maria; and the Duke de Suxe-Coburg and Gotha, son of the Pincess Clementine. The new fortifications at this place are progress- ing very rapidly. The earth battery forming oppo- site the dock-yard gate is already carried to a con- siderable height, and a wide ditch is being formed in front, before the sea-wall. This battery is to be tlanked by a musketry wall on each side, one wall connecting it with the old fortifications, and the other connecting it with another battery about to be formed in junction with the old works extending along fosse from the Medway to the Thames. The excavations of the musketry walls, carried to a depth of seven feet, are being filled up with five feet, of concrete, in order to give a good founda- tion.——Portsmouth, Eng. paper, Nov. 15 Rumors prevail, founded on a statement in a Sun- day paper, but they obtain little credit, that the éli- ding scale for the adimesion of foreign corn, is to be again tinkered. The sliding scale, our transut- lante friends may rest assured, is on the point of extinction. The Earl of Lonsdale has resigned has held upwards of four year: tthe peeareet A the post office. His successor is the Earl of St. Ger- mans. ‘The average number of British shipwrecks in a year is 600; the value of the property destroyed about two-and-a-half-millions sterling; and the num- ber of lives lost about 1560. The French ‘engineer, Mongel, has received or- ders trom the Viceroy of Egypt to commenee the stupendous work of the barrage of the Nile. The estimate cost is 3,000,000. | War.ik® Prerarations.—We understand, on good chip oaay Oe an accredited agent of the gov- | ernment has been making liberal offers to ship- | wrights in the various dock-yards of this city, to | induce them to transfer their services to the gov- | ernment arsenals. The terms, we are informed, | are five shillings per day wages, and a promise of a pension alter a servitude of a certain term.—Cork Awcaminer, rs | the usual scale till the price is 37s, and the duty Is. : | No such grain is lik: ' Arrival or Mrs. Burier (care Miss Fanny Kemsce.)—Mrs. Butler arrived in Liverpool ina Phi- ladelphia packet ship last week, and she intends again making her appearance on the stage. Tur New Yorx Packer Saups.—Since our last | Weiliontion, we have had three packet ships fron. New York—the Oxford, Capt. Rathbone, on the 9h; the Columbus, Capt. Ward, on the 13th; and | the Rochester, Capt. Porter, on the 16th. The news | by each went by our usual Expresses to London, and other parts of England, Ireland, and Scotland. Our papers by the Rochester, being sent to the post office, were entirely useless—as_our Express wag can papers for the exclusive use of the British Press, and we shall always feel obliged by the gentlemen who command these splendid vessels delivering our papers to our messenger, or at our office, otherwise their value is lost. e are hourly looking for the Montezuma, which, uader the command of Capt. Lowber, never makes a long passage.— Wilmer & Smith’s Times, Nov. 19. Tue Great Brrrarn.—The Great Britain did not, as was anticipated, sail from New York on the 25th ult., her appointed day, but was detained until the afternoon of the 28th,jto which date she has brought advices from the United States, being nine days later than those received by the packet ship Roches- ter, which reached this port on Sunday. The shi started ingood trim, and was going ou very well until 11 P.M. on the 30th, when. something was found wrong with the propeller, which was striking the stern-post very hard. The engines were reversed, and after two or three goed thumps, the arm broke off, The ship then continued with very slow steam, and was steered by the sails, the wind northeasterly, and the vesselmaking very good way, seven to nine knots, until the Ist instant, about 3 I. M., when another of the arms of the propeller broke, leaving only one, (thought the repaired one) and the arm ot another, with a small plate which had been placed on the end of it. The most was then made of the sails, and the propeller was just kept from dragging, the vessel going. at times ten knots, though when the breeze was from the eastward she only made 34 knots. ‘The vessel felt the sails directly, and was considered to possess very superior atlas ualifi cations, and very good way was made undef the circumstances. in the 6th the ship made 8} knota, close as she could lay with fore and aft sails, reeted topsail and mainsail, which is noted as ‘good sail- ing.” About a quarter past five the remaining arm of the propeller broke, leaving only the halt arm and the smull piece of another about two feet from the cen- tre. The steam was cut down as low as possible. At twenty minutes past one on the 8th the engines were stopped, and ail sail set they could carry. The wind freshened gradually into'a breeze, and the ship scudded and steered beautifully, taking a spray on the larboard quarter and beam occasionally, but as easy or easier than any ship which the crew ever witnessed. On the 11th, two ships were seen ahead, which were come up toat the rate of two miles an hour, close hauled. ‘ This,” says the log, ‘ is wonderful, with our little spread of canvass, and more than was expected. The weather continued variable, though inclined to be squally, thick and dirty, until the 16th, when daylight cleared off, and Price Two Cents. YORK, SUNDAY Mi ORNING, DECEMBER 7, 1845. pression into which every description of business 18 torasinne waaay There is little deing, although, | as compared with the inactivity of the previous fortnight, the market wears symptoms ot animation. Since Friday, the amount of business transacted has not been large—hardly exceeding 10,000 bags, and, as compared with the closing prices of last | week, a better teeling may be said to prevail. Yes- terday the business was limited to 2000 bags. The | Oregon question is beginning to excite some alarm | ain, as the time approaches for the delivery of the | resident’s message on the opening of Congress. {t is ramored here—the intelligence which came to + hond yesterday by the Hibernia gave confirmation | to the statement—that Mr. Polk will take high | round on the question, and that he will go even | age than in his inaugural address. At any time | ol pression would have made itself felt on the market, | and it ner do eo yet, as the intelligence by the Hi- bernia only came to hand when ibs buliiedarporsions of the day had been partially consumed. The pro- bability, howevér, is, that with the stagnant feeling in all matters of commerce which prevails at pre- sent, people will wait the resuls, rather than antici- pate itby any premature movement. This vexed question of the Oregon has, it is said, oceupied a reat deal of the Cabinet’s attention during their late frequent and protracted sittings, but on the cot- ton market no perceptible impression has been made. There appears to be something very war like in the wind, tor the activity on the sea-board, and in the naval arsenals, is as steady and unre- mitting as when we noticed the subject a month or six weeks ago. The stocks of cotton in the manu- facturing districts are said to be getting low; in- deed they must, in the nature of things, be so, as, during the brisk season in the summer and the autumn, the trade merely bought, as the phrase 13, trom “‘hand to mouth.” American wool continues to command attention in the English market, and is competing with the same article from our possessions in the Pacific.— Towards the end of the present month a large sale will take place, 500 bags of which will be the pro- dnce of the United States. The revival of trade can- not fail to bring this article, which is becoming a for- midable itern in the exports from America, into ge- neral use and popularity. x Trade, in the manufacturing districts, 1s compar- atively prostrated., There is far less business doing, and the state of affairs in the country, owing to the poe crop, and the immense speculation in shares, as atendency to deprees the energies of the mann- facturers. ‘The Manchester and the Yorkshire mar- kets exhibit tis feeling. Stocks are being reduced, and extreme caution in the present state of thecoun- try appears to uctuate all parties—the dealers as well as the mannfacturers. ‘ The produce markets remain in a tolerably healthy state. As the merchants do not force their goods to auction, but seli them privately by contract, they are enabled to get better prices. Sugar for home use has advanced upwards of 3s. per cwt., and holders are firm at this advance’ The price is considerably higher than it was at the corresponding period ot last year, while the consumption has enormously in- creased, and the stock on hand is now fully 10,000 hhds. under that of 1844. Refined sugars have a!- so improved in value. Havana is from 4s. to 83. they were favored with a fine breeze, running ull day 10 and 11 knots. At half past 1, A. M., on the 17th, the ship passed the Tuskar, ut 11 was off Ho- lyhead, atl, P. M.,a pilot, and two steam-tugs were obtained off the north-west light ship, which, after waiting some time for water, brought the le- viathan safely into dock. Ratway Movements.—The london Times has published a document relative to the railway in- terest of this country, which has excited much inte- rest, and a good deal ofalarm. The document ex: hibits the astounding number of 1,263 projected companies, to carry out which, will require nearly two-thirds of the national debt of England! Even the deposit of ten per cent will alone absorb £53,- 136,309. It further appears that there are forty-seven railways completed, representing a capital of £70,699,877. In the course of construction there are 118 lines of railway, to complete which, even with the parliamentary power of borrowing ot third on debenture, will absorb £67,359,325— that the invested capital in rails, leaving entirely out of view the new announcements, is_aiready te enormous sum of £113,612,048! But if the old, the new, and the announced undertakings are added together, with the ten per cent deposit, we have tie increditable sum of £649,583,790 required for this branch of trade alone. The world never witneseed such folly, knavery, and madness, before. The Times argues, very properly, that if six millions yer annum, which were drawn from the ordinery sources of trade to complete the lines which #re now finished, hada tendency to derange the cur- rency, and cripple legitimate commerce more or less, the twenty millions per annum, during ihe next three years, which will be required for the rails now in actual erection, and already sanction-d by Parliament, must have a far more injurious eilect, and must press injuriously upon business of every kind; while, if only one or two hundreds of the new speculations be added, the whole frame- work of society stands a chance of being brougit to a dead halt! Corn Crors or THE Wortn mination of Ministers to do nothin; duce a more plentiful supply of food, by opening tie ports, a deal o. discussion on this aliect has oo peared in the newspapers, and the following suin- mary of two very useful and important articles, which have appeared in the London Times, is taken trom the Spectator. The object is intended to show what would be the probable sources for importation it the ports were thrown open; a compilation from materials which are not published, but which, we are made to understand, have been collected wi:h great care, abroad as wellas at home. The folles- ing are the general results. The principal count: ics ot the Westand South of Europe are at no time ¢x- porters of wheat. In France the present crop is probably not below the average, but also not mre than sufficient to compensate for the destruction of other food. In Spain and Italy the harvest has been indifferent. Hungary is blessed wih abundance ; but that will be airen ired to make up for the de fi- ciency in the other Austrian dominions. ‘The stock at Trieste has never been so much reduced as it is now. In the lower provinces of the Danube end Moldavia the scarcity is great. The usually fertile provinces of Russia and Poland are this year impor- ung. Sweden and Norway seldom grow enowzh for their own consumption, but this year Denmaik has a harvest of singular abundance. Its excess, however, though large for so small a territory, will not go far as a telief to the necessities of other counties, Europe, therefore, will supply but litle in our time of need : what of America There the harvest has been excellent, the crop of Indian corn especially abundant. The consequences ot the po tutoe disease are less severely felt in that region — But the amount of agricu'tural produce available for exportation has been greatly exaggerated. ‘The pro- gress of the population almost outstrips the progress of the tillage: the per centage of the export as com- pared with the population and gross produce has ce- creased since the end of the last century; and the whole surplus produce of the United States to for- eign countries, including Canada, is in fact grown in the territories north and west of the Ohio river, far from the shipping ports of the Atlantic. For some years to come it will not exceed twelve mil- tions of bushels, or 1,500,000 quarters; and the lar- gest importation direct to England, that of 1840, a year of uncommon abundance, was 615,972 bushels of wheat and 620,919 barrels of flour. The eflect of our Corn laws has been to render this tribe with us variable and uncertain—dependent on casualties, and not deliberately provided for, ‘The subject of maize, or Indian corn, demands especial attention. Maize is eaten both green and ripe. We have never tasted the en, 30 lauded by Cobbet ; but the preparations of the meal have always seemed, from our taste, far from palatable ; however, it is a wholesome grain, and almost asnu- tritious as wheat. The frovih of it in the Unitea States is most suprisingly abundant, fifty or sixty millions of quarters annually, with a population not exceeding twenty millions. Nota hundredth part of that quantity is exported: in 1844 the quantity was 825,106 bushels in grain, and 404,008 barrels in meal. Jt is, in fact, devoted to the fattening of pork; in which shape itis admissable to our provision market, while the grain itself is excluded from our ports by the operation of the Corn-laws. [t could be delivered at Liverpool at 163 a quarter, or at most 20s. But the duty imposed on this grain by the ex- isting Corn.laws of England, is the same as the duty on barley; that is to say, Ils per quarter,when the price is below 26s., and so_on diminishing by ince the det at present to this amounts in reality to « fixed duty of 11s., since ely to be imported at all at a Price above 263, _ Thus it appears that no very great amount of corn is available—that, however abruptly we might ‘open the ports,” not much would enter them. But an excess of discreuon is the Premier's be- | setting sin. He has sometimes carried caution, in the form of inaction, to @ pitch of foolhardingss. ‘The opening of the ports by a coup-de-main would be comparatively a small measure ; but he cannot be less depression than the present, such an im- | ¢ Commercta.—The market partakes of the de- | Mx. Conpen’s Norions or a Suprty or Corn fruit. It wasa From tHe Unirep Srares.— At a free trade meeting recently held at Halifax, Mr, Cobden thus alluded to the Premier’s conduct in refusing to open the ports. “* Why had he (the Premier) allowed other coun- En gathering, whether measured by its respectabili trade orators were there—the t Bright, Fox, and the celeste Mr. William Brown, the representa in the world, it appears from a report ot the Minister of Marine, ity or its intellect. The old free , that the total loss by the late conflagration at Toulon ts, Cobden, | was about 3,165,000 francs. The cutting of the Istimus of Panama being a e of the great | favorite project in this country, the newa from the tries to go over the earth scrambling up the little American house of that name in Liverpool. The | United States of the discovery, by Captain Kiause. corn that was to be found, while this country did speeches present little in the way of novelty, butthey | that the Amazon R i He understood’ the steamer sailed for were exulting—a proof that the speakers think their | considerable curiosity. | But it appears to be thought nothing ? America yesterday. He (Mr. Cobden) did not know | cause is progressing. Mr. Cobden, the father of the | that the great distance by the. rive River 18 navigable, has excited and the diffi- whetber it sailed once a fortnight—(Turning to a free trade movement, and a man of commanding | culty which must needs exist in navigating it, ren- gentleman on the platform—“ How often does the bteamer sail?” talent, spoke well, but looked ill; indeed, the con- stitution of this gentleman, at all times feeble, ders the discovery of no great valve ; at all events, ap- that it will not render the proposed canal through A gentleman on the platform—* Once @ fortnigh | pears to be crumbling away rapidly under the wear | the Isthmus uanecessery. in summer, but only once a month in winter. Mr. Coupex—‘Then I say, Sir Robert Pee! impeachment for allowing t yamer to sail without instrnétions. Ifthat steamer had carried out the news that tho ports of this country would be open for six months, we should have got an immense supply of over and above what we can get if the news do not go ou: till the 1st of December. ‘Bhe news would have ived in America in time to have induced the Ameri- and tear of a too active intellect. His friends have rves fears tor his health, and considering the rapid strides | the Prine: r.Cobden whom the King crented instanter Due de Penthié- vre. This little child—a mere squalling infant been gravely dubbed in pompous official accents of by the unaided force of hia owa genius—without _ his birth, a * high and without even a prepoasess- | puissant prince—oh d by an utter absence of all | that is royalty. which, in a comparatively brief period, has made, “Amongst the foremost men of all the world ” wealth, without statien, ing exterior, accompanies cans—who are uncommonly shrewd and fond ef money— | jealousy on the part of his contemporaries at his ex- higher now than it was at this time last year. The finer kinds command 30s., the inferior sorts 25s. per cwt. Brazil has declined 1s. percwt. There has not been much doing in coffee, the price of which, as compared ‘with that of last year, is lower. Ot rice there is less in the market than has been known for years, owing to the heavy continental shipments. a has improved in value, and cecoa is dull of sale. ‘The accounts from the Baltic are of much the same character this as the preceding week. Prices of wheat have risen so rapidly there that few of the orders from hence to purchase wheat have been executed, higher rates having been paid by specu- ualoraihien the limits of the British orders have ad- mitted. Letters from Dantzic of the Ist inst. state, that about 16,000 quarters of wheat had changed hands during the week, almost entirely on_ speculation ‘There was not much being shipped to England; but vessels BiG very scarce, high freights had been paid for the few ships engaged to load wheat—5s 6d to 6s had been paid for London, 53 3d to 53 8d for the east coast, and 6s to 7s per quarter for Liverpool. The total shipments of wheat during the month of October had not exceeded 4,383 lasts, of which np- wards of 1,000 lasts had been despatched to Hol land. ‘The demand for wheat had been principaily for the finer sorts, and for a small lot of very choive quality the extravagantly high price of 603 per qua ter had been realized—for the produce of 1842, weighing 68lbs, 58s—for the other kinds of high- mixed ot 62ibs to 68lbs weight, 503 6d per quarter, free on board, had been paid—whilst the inferior descriptions had been held at corresponding rates. At Stettin on the Ist instant, reports of an unfa- vorable nature respecting the potato crop in that neighborhood were very prevalent, which, with the accounts of rising prices from hence, had caused holders of Wheat to demand extreme rates. At Hamburg, on ‘Tuesday last, there was not much co- ing, the very high prices asked for Wheat having checked the disposition to buy. From the south and east the reports also represent the value of Wheat as rising rapidly, and a letier from Marseilles states that it was the beliet there that the exportation of grain would be prohibited in the Ottoman empire; and a similar step would, it was thought, be adopted by the Neapolitan govern- vernment. gin consequence of these rumors and the lively advices trom Great Britain, a goo deal of speculation had taken place in Wheat at high prices, say 50s. to 52s. for tine Polish Odessa and Marianopie, and from 45s. to 48s. per qr. for secondary qualities. | Nubia in search of coal and other mineral products | by the Egyptian government, have returned. In the Tur Porator Cror,—The all-engrossing topic continues to be the disease in the potato crop.— The fine weather experienced during the past three or four weeks has been favorable for digging up this root; and the greater proportion has now been raised: the time has, therefore, arrived at which something like an estimate of the extent of the fu- lure may be formed. We have been at consider- ble pains to collect information on. this important subject; and, from the general tenor of our advices, we fear that the damage is quite as great asit hus been rspresented. ‘The most serious cause fer apprehen- sion is, however, the fact that a large proportion of the ye which at the time of pie bieenrb sound, has been found not to keep. at such 1a unfortunately the case has been recently proved by the condition in which many of the cargoes from the north have reached the London market. It is to be resumed that at the time of shipment care was ta- en to select only such potatoes as were to appearance sound ; tor it can scarcely be suppor- ed that parties making consignments would be so regardless of their own interests as to ship a quality unsuited fora sea voyage. We consequently take it for granted that every attention was bestowed in selecting the cargoes before the potatoes were put on ship board; if right in this, the condition in which they have arrived, certainly affords abundant ground to fear that a small proportion only ot that part of the crop secured ina seemingly healthy state will be preserved through the winter, unless some extraor- dinary care be taken for their preservation. We have it from good authority, that a large number of cargoes ot potatoes have, within the short space of a fortnight, arrived in the Thames in such a state as to be not only wholly unfit for food, but so complete- ly rotton, as not to be worth the freight. Srantsu Rarways —A correspondent from Leon writes to us that the English Kailway Company from the Asturias to Madrid, having discovered a mine of coal in the plain of Monar, t ere Were immediate- ly formed four or five companies for the purpose of working it. Among othere the Relampago, the Mantuana, the Amigos, the Madrilena, &c. These companies possess, united together, considerable capital, and have taken time by the foreloek in order to work the richest mines in the neighbour- hood in which we refer. France anv Betarum.—The Siécle says that the negotiations commenced between France and Bel- gium for the renewal ot the treaty of 1842 remain, up to the present time, without any result. It appears thatthe French spinners demand that the Igians may be no longer allowed to import into France above a certain quantity of stufls and yarns. . Guizot,\it is said, wishes to impose restrictive clauses upon Me ee and his persistance in the de- mand may possibly produce a rupture. The Belgian Chambers assembled on the 1th, so that the affair must soon be brought to an issue. Coat anv Ixon 1x Arrica.—Two geologists, who | sometime ago were sent on-an expedition into former district some iron was found, but no coal, | in the latter, coal is reported to have been discov ed, and specimens have been exhibted, but there a want of detail and clearness in the report that lead to some doubts of the ultimate suecess of the discovery. The mine is said tobe situated on the borders of Nubia, in the vicinity of the first cata- ract of the Nile. Some additional machinery has too diligent in making known to the corn-growing countries of the globe that i i pea tems ios ce _ ond impediment of the been ordered from Europe for the purpose of enab- lover of the indomitabie power of genius, sg free-trader or monopoli: must grieve at the bare prospect of 60 bright a lig! being dimmed Such a catastrophe, we trust, i i distant, but “ comingevents cast their shadows fore.” The hostility to the new colleges in Ireland has not ceased. It is now finally determined that Gal- | way is to have one, Cork another, and Beltast the third. Some names are before the public as having been appointed to the directorship of the latter es- tablishment, but it is useleas to repeat them here. a8 some uncertainty hangs about the correctness of the various and conflicting statements. Professor Kane, it is officially stated, has been presented with the Presidency of Cork college, and Dr. Kirwan with that of Galway. The first is a Roman Catholic layman, the other a dignitary of that traordinary rise—eve' to the colleges—all who think that a mixed educa- | tion in that land of dissension will soften sectarian hostilities, and bring out the more humanizing traits of the national character—are considered udicious and excellent. But they have been fierce- ly assailed by both extremes of opinion—by the | Orangemen on the one hand and the Repealers on the other. Mr. O’Connell has publicly expressed his surprise that Dr. Kirwan should have accepted the appointment of the Galway institution. Neither of the gentlemen have been before the public in the character of professional agitators; and, as respects their qualification—albeit, that of the clergyman has been assailed—there seems no reason to doubt that they will be found fully equal to the duties of the station; and it seems ecually, clear, that the ‘ gou- less scheme of education” is likely to survive the - senseless clamors by which it has been attacked. Ireland.) foo) The Government Commissioners second report to the Lord-Lieutenant on the state | of the potato crop. They reject as impracticable several means that have been suggested of sately | converting the diseased potatoes to some use—in | the application, acids, alkalis, and lime, have tended | to accelerate the process of decomposition—but the | experiments with lime are not decided. While slightly affected, and after boiling or steaming, the potato may be used tor food; but not when the root | as acquired a disagreeable smell. E In a third report, the Commissioners give very elz- | borate and minute directions as to the best way of | converting the diseased potatoes to use. The sug- | gestions are not novel, and what is peculiar to them is chiefly of local character. The following letter from the Prime Minister to Lord Cloncurry, the chairman of the Mansion House Committee in Dublin, who had been requested by the body, to state their views in a letter to the Min- ister, will command attention at the present mo- ment. Sir Robert’s rely, which cites the specific suggestions submitted to him by the Committee, 1s as follows: “Wuitrnatt, Nov. 10, 184: “My Lord—I have the honor to acknowledge the re ceipt of the communication of the 7th November, wh. bears your Lordship’s signature, earnestly callin o attention of her Majesty’s Government to the calamity th which Ireland is threatened by the failure, througa fe, of the potato crop, and sugg. for the cou ration of the Government the following measures :— si “‘1—The opening of the ports of Ireland of all notonly to gather up the last grain of their Indian corn, would have decided them to economise their grain to the utmost both in their own and their cattle’s food, and fond of doing, to sendall they could to the Atlantic cities and get as much money back as possible in return.” ackvowledge that these would have been the effects if news of the opening of the ports had been sent out by steered next year owing to Sir Robert Peel’s vacillation of hesitation in this matter, a heavy rerponsibility would 4 subsequent meeting, held Cobden, while descanting on the sa jer hand than Sir Robert Peel. that if in the mean time he do not take tie step of throw- session. Of this | am quite sure, that the leading members of the opposition, in another session, take the isn out of his office in a week.” \ {From Wilmer & Smith’s European Times | The state of England, since we last addressed | our readers, has been very peculiar and extremely all hands by the cries of the country and the urgen- | cy of thecase, Ministers would have opened the | of every description of grain. Every thing, in fact, indicated such a result. The Cabinet had protract public were becoming serious; the accounts of the potato ior from all parts of the country—we had al- freland, were really alarming; the price of grain, un- tilehecked bythe feeling that the corn laws would with the panic in the share market, and the utter prostration of the buoyancy and speculation which impetuosity, caused the opening of the ports to be looked to with hope and with certainty, as a thin; to Pimipeinmant a ports will not be opened ! Secrets, hermetrically sealed, sometimes ooze out, wise in the workings of Cabinets, declare that the opposition came, not from the First Minister of the the commercial spirit of the Premier was overruled by the constitutional prejudices of the soldier ; and case reversed. So runs the gossip of the clubs. But when the Government determined to brave public famine must be ‘no joke,” evento so im- passive a personage asa minister of state—it was been immediately called together, in order that the nation might have the benefit of the nation’s wis- premature. It is now intimated, in a semi-official journal, that the “ collective wisdom” will not meet before the beginning of the year, and that mean- while, as the country must take the best care it can of itse|t- ‘The inference from all this clearly is, that the is in possession of information which demonstrates that matters are not so bad as they have been repre- upon a given question, more especi- ally when the question is not immediately connected can raise a monster, as the Scottish Thane expresses it, “which might appal the devil!” The cry of “short and th’ #h out their wheat with additional care, but it to do that which of all men on the earth Americans are Any man who knew the American character would the last steamer. Now he asserted, that if any man houlders. no man next session would go up to ing open the ports, he will not dare to face us at all next sition they ought to take, * * * they will © Domestic Affairs, exciteing. The feeling then was, that, pressed on | ports by an order in Council for the free admission ed, and, it was said, angry sittings; the fears of the most said from all parts of the world—especially from be suspended, was risingdaily. All this, combined existed only a short time previously in rampant that must be. But the quidnuncs have been doome no one can tell how ; and those who profess to be Crown, but from the Conqueror of Napoleon; that that the old motto, cedant arma toga, was in this the storm—and a storm based upon the fears of a confidently expected that Parliament would have dom in such an emergency. The expectation was much, if any, before the usual time—certainly not “Culprits hang, that juarymen may dine,” danger has been exaggerated, and that Government pened. ‘The newspaper press, when it does bring its fears to bear with party, and has a dash of the a ropic in it, commons” comes home to every one’sfeelings; eve1y person has a selfish interest in the matter, and putting out of view the ordinary feelings of humanity, a cala- mity pregnant with evils so horrifying in themselves ‘The forming of granaries in each of the Poor-ln. is, of all other circumstanc’s, the most calculated | Unions and other localities throughout Ireland, so as ‘> to bring down on the devoted head of an obstinate | bring food in the reach of all its inhabitants. or wrong-headed minister, the general, sweeping, ‘I—The setting the people to work without any «+ unmitigated hostilty of the commonwealth. It | 18%, by urging on er eee ta, tee comettionon of may, therefore, be not uncharitably inferred, that wanted by th Goverumectscontnt iameter Gai Othe? bad as things are, they are not quite so bad as they | works of general or local utility.” ? have been represented. Whatever may be thought of Peel’s partiality for his own sliding scale, his in- | communication, your Lordship terest, his position, his strength as a minister, is certainly not mixed up with its continuance. In fact, on the score of party tactics, his interest would seem to point the other way. The time would have been opportune for his giviog up what he will at last, and speedily, be obliged to concede. tolerably evident, then, that Sir Robert Peel does dot think the “ crisis” has arrived, and that, sen:i- tive as he is to the gales of popular favor, he must stem the current in deference to his own judgment The ‘world regards him as a fractical man, end whatever may be thought of the abstract merits of sliding scales and prohibitory duties, no one would suspect him of producing so monstrous a calamity | #1 have the honor to be, my lord, your most obedwitt as public starvation, either by his obstinacy or his passiveness. The fine weather, country during the too, which has ru'ed in this last fortnight, has enabled the farmer to take the best precautions for arresting the | Mr. O’Connell and most of the other spe disease to which the potatoes are subject, and much good has been done in the way of saving what was thought to have been irrecoverably lost. Nevertle- less, it is clear, from all that has transpired, that te | be offered by the association for the best means of injury to the esculent has been very serious, and | arresting the rot. The rent for the week wis as far as the poor of Ireland are concerned, the evil must cause hardship, and its concomitant disease. The present is the period for the annualcollection | the 10th instant, He strongly censured the condut of the *O’Connell rent.” This impost has subjec- ted its recipient to much abu: of ugly terms—which ma: when the “Liberator” the national alms—is, rst deigned to accept at the unpoetically. The tax is certainly voluntary—in this respect very unlike all other taxes; but its | monster meetings as proving that the people of Irc- exaction, in the present distressed condition of the Irish peasantry, does really seem harsh. The very fact of the gift being spontaneous, and springing from personal regard for the man, ought to in- duce, et such a moment as the present, a reciprocal feeling. Nay, more, it the funds of Conciliation Hall were applied to the necessities of the public wants—in purchasing food for the people, or pro- curing them employment—the step would not only be charitable, but, on the lesser grounds of pru- dence and policy, would answer the purpose of the agitators. The Repeal fund, at such a ume, might | not do all that the exigencies of the case required, but it would do someth.ng—it would be putting the shoulder to the wheel, instead of calling upon Her- cules for help. Admiral Oliver, indeed, suggested such an appropriation of the Repeal funds, at a pub- lie meeting, the other day, in Dublin, but it was harshly received, and indignantly scouted. At the same time, it is only fair to state, that O’Connell has never labored under the imptation of being a fame man; if he lives upon the public bounty, he spends it gaily, and even profusely; and as to hoarding up wealth, it is a notorious fact that he lives from “hand to mouth,” and sins against Poor Richard’s advice of providing for a “rainy day.” If he be, as his friends affirm that he is—poor, notwith- standing his princely income from the “hard hand of peasants,” he must bitterly regret that his want of pro- vidence prevents him from being generous at a time when to appear otherwise wars at once against in- stinct and nature. Bui, notwithstanding the outcry which has been raised against the “tribute” by the anti-O'Connell section of the press and the pubiic, the amount subscribed last Sunday im Dublin an the neighborhood is far above the aveiage of former years. The Nation, alluding to this subject, says: «From no man whom the famine could particularly reach will eying be sought or accepted.” We It 1s | her} ge, and the application | government, in the matters of the potato crop-— date from the tm | talked valorously of the Irish people exacting their : present mo- | with toreign powers, and attacked the new colleges ment, showered upon him most profusely and | bitterly, as well as the late appoint In the of human food, free of duty. “2—The closi exportation of oats, either ground or whole. | “3—That the consumption of oats by cavalry regi- | ments in Ireland be diminished as much as possibly con be with safety to the public service. | “ ‘4—That the distillation from grain be suspended i ‘tretand; due precaution being taken to prevent silicit distillation. “ —That there be immediutely raised money, by way of loan, to the extent of one million and a half at leas and chai ble to Irish resources, such as the depart: | of Woods and Forests, &c., and the amount of suc! loan be applied in the first instance to the increasing tuo tity and decreasing the price of food in Ireland. “I give full credit to the assurance that in making th’ ommu d those who are p ties to it are influenced by no other motive than the sire to aid the Government in the efforts which they making to avert or mitigate the impending evil. shall without delay submit this, as I have submit. ted all other representations which have reached me on this oe subject, to my colieagues in the service of fajesty. “Although considerations of public policy and of pub- lic duty prevent me from entering, in this ucknowled, ment of your Lordship’s communication, into a disc sion in respect to the advantage of the particular me. sures recommended for immediate adoption, yet | beg ! assure your Lordship that the whole subject is occu /- ing the unremitting attention of her Majesty's condi 1- tial advisers. servant, ROBERT PEFL. The Lord Cloncurry.” Rererat..--The meeting of the Repeal Association on the 3d inst. was “stale, flat and unprofitable ” 3 1 touched upon the potato disease, the most practic. suggestions respecting which came from Mr. Smi fi O’Brien, who desired, by letter, that a prize migit | Mr. Smith O’Brien made his first appearance, after a long absence at the Repeat Association, on of th: Lord Lieutenant, as well as of the Briti-t own terms,when Great Britain became embarrassed midst of this harangue, Mr. O’Brien appealed to the land would never abandon repeal, although the peo- ple of England said that it muat be suppressed. _ There were two ways of doing so: one by obvia- ting the evils of the union, which he invited the English Parliament to attempt; the other, a st for which he and they were prepared—coercic Already had the bloodhounds of the English press been hallooed on oles the people of Ireland. As to that step, ‘I teil them,” said Mr. O'Brien, “ that I defy thern.”—(Immense applause, in the midst of which a loud voice eried—‘ France and Ameri- ~ | her. ing of the ports of Irelend against tl.» | | 10th - | pledge, the loss is, of course, th Prince de Joinville has again beeome a father, s having presented hun with a liti!e boy, isaant prince!” High and ord ! what next? ray yet Spain. We have advices from Madrid to November 6. The Marquis de Miraflores has been nominated President of the Senate. At Valencia there have lately been more troubles, and the city has been declared in a state of seige by the military authorities of the district. The Cortes are convoked for the 15th. The Cabinet will be sure to have an imposing majority throughout the session—at least, such is the general opinion. Forty-five elections have to take place, and some of them will be strongly opposed ; but generally, it is believed, they will turn in favor of the Government. _ The recent meeting of Don Carlos and the Em- peror Nicholas, has excited attention. From all rr ‘appears, however it has led, and will lead, to nothing. _ aly 3 - A revision of the tariff is proceeding, but with all | church. The appointments, by all who wish well | that solemn slowness with which Spamards love to conduct their affairs. The harvest in this country has been abundant, and general surprise is felt that the English Govern- ment does not send he,e for the supplies of which it has need, in preference to France, Germany, or Russia. . avis The Queen has given orders for an inquiry into the cases of persons who received pensions from her predecessors, with a view of resuming the pay- ment of as many of them as possible. The proceed- ing has excited general satisfaction. _ Madrid journals of the 8th and 9th inst, state that the resignation of Gen. Cordova had been accept- ed by the government, and Gen. Oribe appointed Captain-General of Madrid in his place. The mu- tiny at Valencia appears to have been a very absurd aflair. The ringleader was a sergeant, who had by. some means or other contrived to seduce afew of the soldiers to attack the barracks, though they were not one to ten. It was reported at Madrid that he had been captured and shot, that several soldiers have been condemned to death, and that the com- mandant of the Gerona regiment, who had his arm amputated, in consequence of a wound received from the rioters, expired soon after the operation was performed. The Heraldo infers, from a letter received from Valencia, and that scheme had been formed by Nogueras and Ruiz, now residing at Mar- illes. On the 8th, the Spanish funds declined a little. The Three per cents. were sold at 353; the Five per cents. at 245 3; Coupons, at 254’ 3; and the debt without interest at the prices of the preceding day. _Procress or Manufactures IN Spain.—It is a singular circumstance that consumption of linen in Spain still continues to be much greater than in England, France and Belgium put together, and that | notwithstanding the consumption is £0 great, there were, until ately, only two maoufactories in Spain, where a coarse kind of linen cloth was made. An | entesprising lady, Madame Laurens by name, a pa- | tive of Spain, but educated in a manufacturing town | in France, determined on attempting to improve the manufacture of linen, and wen Ue established | some time ago a linen factory at Aviles, a small sea-port onthe northern coast. There, notwith- | standing the very discouraging difficulties she en- | countered, she succeeded ; und at the exhibition of national industry, held last summer at Madrid, pre- | sented several specimens of linen of Spanish manu- facture, for which wie first’ prizes were awarded to The Spanish government, desirous of encour- aging her in her efforts, have given to herself and heirs in perpetuity, a building (formerly a monaste- ry,) with the adjacent grounds, close to Aviles, with permission to convert it into a linen factory. Portugal. ‘The Royal Tut steamship arrived at Southamp- ton on Sunday, bringing advices from Lisbon to the inst. The subject principally engaging public aitention was the daily increasing pecuniary embarrassment | of the government, to which the recent conversion operated ina portion of the foreign debt has mainly contributed. Jt is well :nown that besides the two barons (Folgosa ond Junqueira) other great capi- talists ot this city arc involved in that transaction, and it is said that some of the Ministers themselves have engaged their own private funds init. As the value of the bonds has fallen so much in the | London market, and the speculators on this side are forced to seil, in order to have the mears of paying for those which they bonght and left in iflerence between the two prices, and this on several millions of pounds can be no trifle. I: is reported thet Uie Mi- nisters, in order to save their own fortunes, and | those of their iriends from rum, are me*itating the | raising of another loan (a very recretone) of 890 contos, the whole amount of which is to be employ- ed in working the value of their bonds up again. Tre Civic List or Portugau.—The civil iat of Portugal! is utterly disproprtioned to the public re- venue. Here is a nation with a population (in round numbers) of three miliions and e quarter, a revenue of two millions and a quarter sterling; a trade, ex- ports and imports united, under three millions, and an army of 18,000 men, and a eivil list of 564 coutos, in sterling about £127,000, which is one third of the amount of the civil list of England, while the reve- nue of the latter country is more than twenty times that of Portugal. Her Majesty’s *‘dotation™ 15 365 contos a year, ubout £82,000 sterling. The King’s is 100 contos a year, about £22,500 sterling. The country cannot afford this expenditure; but the pre- sent Government dare not meddle with it. [t sub- sists only by the supportof those who are dependents on the State, the bayonet and the beauraucracte are itssole reliance. Two years ago the Minister Ca- bral wished her Majesty to relinquish 15 contos more of her grant in addition to 50 contos relinquished by her,soasto leave the sum 300 contos. This her Majesty declines to do. The King reliquishes 30 contos a year. Belgium. We have received advices from Brussels, No- of the Legislative Session vember 12th Yesterday the openin; took place. The King S ivered a speech from the throne, somewhat longer than usual. In the second paragraph his Majesty announces the conclusion of a treaty of commerce between this country and the United states. It is to be submitted to the Legisla- ture for approval. The speech expresses a hope that negotiations opened for commercial treaties with other transatlantic states will be successtu!,— Tt announces that Belgian commerce with China will soon be put upon the footing of that of the most favered nations It then alludes to other matters, ca.” Mr. O’Connell—* What was that? What were | those words? (energeticallo ) [desire that that | man may be put out.” (Cries of ‘Turn him out!” during which the man was turned out.) Mr. | O'Connell explained, that he had interrupted !iis friend, because he knew there were spies abroud. | There had been pec ple distributing handbills in the | north part of Dublin inciting the people to assassinate | their landlords, which had been torwarded to the Castle by Mr. Atkins, but no attempt had yet been | made by the magistracy or constabulary to arrest | the persons who had been circulating them. Franee. | Weave received Paris dates to November 13 After considerable delay, the resignation of the | Ministry of War by Marshal Soult has been finully | sccm aroyal ordinance having been published on eday announcing it. The ordinance express- | ed “ the very great regret” of the King at the resig- | nation; but it retained the services of the old Mar- | as President of the Council. General Saint | You has been appointed his successor in the Minis- | try of War. General Schramin, and other generals, | have been talked of,but various reasons causedjthem all to be set aside, and Saint You chosen. He 1s not much known; but is not a bad soldier, (he vasa colonel at Waterloo), nor is he without administra- and represents the condition of trade,and commerce as generally satisfactory. Friendly assurances trom foreign powers figure et the commencement of the speech, as a matter of course As to the treaty with the United States, the de- tails have not been published, but as soon as the: shall be made known, they will be communicate The eat was signed about ten days ago. It is possible that some clauses may be added relative to articles of food, potatoes, mais, &c., which we need to make up the terrible failure of our potatoe crop. . “Switzerland. We have dates from Geneva to November 7, The country has never, since the late trovbies, ceased to be in an excited state, and the late eqeats have increased the discontent. [n some places there have been attempts at rising, but the respective gov- ernments have taken measures to preserve order.— Troops are under arms continually in some Cantons. ‘The plots of the “Young Germany” Secret So- ciety have been brought to light. The society de- signed nothing less than tocreate a general insur- rection throughout the country, and, from all that appears, was not over scrapulous as to the means to be employed. On the Ist instant the Jesuits were installed with much ceremony, at Lucerne. Two agents of an English company are now may add that the lin Evening Mail contends, and quotes respectable proofs for the correctness of the assertion, that the cry about the injury done to the lm crop has been greatly and wilfully exag- rated. On the same day, in the same part of the country, another assemblage, with a very different object was busy carrying out its destiny. The people o' Birmingham, anxious to manifest their attachment | , b to the free trade Mr. Villiers, whose annual motions | more active part in the ministry than he has been tor the repeal of the corn laws are as familiar to every todo. Guizot, the Minister for Forei one as an old almanac, ima dinner in that A has always been the virtual chief of the metropolis of the midiand counties, at which up- Caer anal under Louis Phillippe, wielded all the tive talents; and he has had considerable experience of business in an emirent post im the War De- ment. He will do very well in the situa- until Marshal Bugeaud shall think the pear enough to be gathered for himself. | Mar- shal Soult, as intimated, retains the Presidency of the Council, which is the same as the Prime Minister im your country ; but he will not take a soe Ue bapbeet to prosecute hie inquiries with wards of 600 gentlemen the nt pros- the ernment. He will, of course, eon- pects and posit Of the cause over theit wine and | tinue to do ao. travelling over Switzerland, and visiting the au- | thorities of the several cantons, in order to obtain permission to construct u railroad, which is to con- nect Germany with the Mediterranean, and cross a part of Switzerland. According to their ee their company 18 in possession of a capital o} £3,000,000, and several important London houses | are at the head of the enterprise. Prussia, o On the 19th of October a deputation of the new | Roman Catholic congregation formed at Potsdam | had an audience of the King of Prussia at his palace | of Sans Souci, when his majesty, in complinnce with their request, granted them the use of a public