The New York Herald Newspaper, September 22, 1845, Page 5

PUBLISHED BY JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Cc or Funton anp Nassau STRERTS. New York, Monday, September 22, 184 ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA. TWELVE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. VERY IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. IMPROVEMENT IN THE COTTON MARKET. The Harvests More Favorable than Anticipated. FAMINE IN POLAND. THE REFORMATION IN CONTINENTAL EUROPE. RIOTS IN MADRID. The Queen Still on the Continent. Markets. ke., &o. The steamship Britannia, Capt. Hewett, arrived at Boston on Friday morning, having made the passage in fifteen days. We have advices from ‘Liverpool to Sept. 4—London to the 8d, and Paris to the Ist. ‘The Britannia brought ninety-two passengers. Among the passengers are the Hon. Edward Everett, late Minister of London, and family, Tem- pleton, the vocalist, Papineau, the Canadian revo- lutionary leader, and a pair of Boots. The news is very interesting. ‘The Cotton Market had improved, and the prices were fully an eighth of a penny higher than at the close of last month. The new American Minister in Englana, Hon Louis MeLane, has taken up his residence at 38, Harley street, Cavendish square. At Lloyd’s there were signs of apprehension thata war between the two American Republics may lead to a system of privateering on the western coast of the Atlantic, dangerous to our merchant ships. The underwriters demanded a higher rate of premium from Bree to America, unless the clause is inserted declaring the insurance free of capture and seizure. The Experimental Fleethad returned to Cork. Affairsin England were quiet. Parliament was Aes | grouse,” the Queen was in Germany, Connell at Drurynane, and the people absorbed in the Railroad mania. ‘The papers contain full recounts of the journey- | ings of the Queen and Royal party in Germany. On the 27th of Auguet Her Majesty proceeded pen Co- burg to Gotha, accompanied by Prince Albert, the Kingand Queen of the Belgians, and the Reignin, Duke, where they would remain till the 8d or 4th inst., when they would return homeward. The overland mail from China arrived in London on the Ist inst. The dates from China are to the 25th of May—not so late as those received direct in this city. (es There is a complete famine in Poland, so that no supplies of wheat can be expected from that quarter. he St. ete nuaerupe rete give accounts of the operations of Gen. Woronzotf in Circassia, but nothing definite as to his success. He assumes as the basis of his operations the line of the Terex and hi , byt the march ihe love cE Bialiae sgt oe mesrraied ‘which bound that suntry to the west. The steam ship Cambria, hence, 16th ult., arrived at paversoc’ the 28th, making the passage in 11 days and a half, including her stay in Halifax. ‘here has been a terrific whirldwind on the con- tinent. Its effects in Holland were almost as severe- ly felt asin France At Rouen, however, it seems te have expended ita greatest violence. In that city three extensive manufactories were destroyed by the whirlwind, while all hands were at work; not less than aixty persons ofall ages aoe in the ruins, and 126 were erat wounded, The recent favorable change of the weather ap- ara to have extended over the whole of the United ingdom, and there 1s every prospect of a glorious harvest. In the course of the second week in Sep- tember nearly the whole of the corn will be housed, and the crops wili not only be abundant, but they will be secured im good order. i The chief topics of discussion during the past fort- night have been the rumored appearance of war he- tween Mexico and the United States, and the appre- hended deficiency of the crops, through the preva- lence of weather untavorable to the prospects of the ee ‘ 2 he news from Ireland is not important. The Ulster journals are crowded with announcements re- specting the general organization of the Orange So- ciety, and especially in reference to the demonstra- tion which took place in Lisburn, county Down, on Wednesday, the 20th ultimo. J The state of trade is in most respects satisfactory. The demand for all the leading staples, whether sugar, coflee, wool or cotton is so steady as to indi- cate ahealthy consumption, and the supplies are sufficient to check any exorbitant advance. The weather, which has for some time been stormy, and which it was feared would greatly in- jure the growing crops and retard the harvest, has ‘suddenly changed for the better, and there isa fair prospect of abundance The question of revising the fundamental laws ot Holland, excites a strong feeling in that country.— ‘The substantial burghers appear to be opposed to everything in the shape of innovation. The ancient town of Tervon: been reduced toa aah? of rains by fire. By advices trom Constantinople, of the 7th, we learn that the disposition to revolt against Turkish governore,manifested se frequently of late,hadshown itself in various quarte: ‘The Persian government always pute a charge of five per cent upon imported articles, in order to restrict the introduction of such as may tend to effeminate or vitiate the people. The mperor of Austria, Metternich, is about to end in the German states. * “ Such is the slow march of science in modern Italy, that the noble city of Milan was unilluminated with gas until last month. The Mining Jo |, of Saturday, denies that the iron manufacturers of England cannot meet the growing demand, both for the home aud foreign market, and supports its position with figures. ‘The East India Company are building two splendid war-steamers, of 1,440 tons each. A convention for the extradition of criminals has been signed between France and P: The censors of the public press at Berlin have, by a cabinet order, received fresh instructions to refuse their imprimatur to any article intended for publica- tion in any political journal or periodical, upon matters of religious or theological controversy. In virtue of a convention with the Persian govern- ment, French ships will henceforth be received into the ports of Persia upon the footing of the most favoured nations, and the produce of the industry of France will be admitted on a duty of five per cent. The Universal Prussian Gazette of the 9th, stutes that a decree has been published containing the con- ditions under which the Lutherans who have se)1- rated from the Evangelical Church,are permitted to form religious communities, The ong Journal says:—The introduction of machinery will render Spain one of the first mining countries, not only in Europe, but the world. _ Some pillars and other remains of a Roman build- ing, and two beautiful coins of the Emperors Anto- nius and Domitian, have been discovered in High street, Stamford. Z _ The United States Service Gazette says: “We be- lieve it has been decided upon that each port shall have two old 74’s, mounted with 50 guns each, and a frigate mounting 30 guns, to be kept in constant readiness, onthe screw principle. i The lady detected in « criminal /:aison with Victor Hugo, the distinguished French writer, has been sentenced to three months’ imprisonment and a ge- paration from her husband on an allowance of 1,200f. perannum. The children to be under the care of the father, with leave to the mother to see them twice a month “ The ste: chip Caledonia trom Liverpool was passed on". uarsday morning bythe Britannia off Li- verpool, N.S. jf Letters from Berlin, of the 22d instant, state that the Emperor Empress of Russia were on their way to Italy, | in Hungary has on the advice of Prince | low the Protestant clergy | id “the physician of the Empress having | a recommended that she should pass the winter in that cunntry. Mr. King, the American Minister at Paris, lis transmitted tothe Minister of Foreign Affairs the thanks of his goveroment for Captain Tahet, of the Mappemonde brig, for having, on October 10, 1544, saved off Cape Ontonio, Cuba, part of the crew and pasengere of the Elizabeth, of New Orleans, which ad foundered at sea. Some of the crew endeavor- ed to save themselves in the long-boat, and were ne- .ver more heard of; the remainder, who had got in- to a smaller boat, were picked up by Captain Tahet, and most kindly treated. We have seena letter from Rome, dated this month, which contradicts the report that the Pope is ina dying state. ‘The writer describes the Pope' 8 health to be excellent, considering the pontifl’s ad- vanced age. : ‘The following were amongst the persons proclaim- ed outlaws last week in Middlesex:—William Le Poer Trench, the Hon. Richard Fulke Greville, Sir Charles Edward Gray, Knight; Sir Henry Wyati, Knight; Joseph Ferdinand Count Taatfe, the Rev George Brydges Lee Warner, and Mortimer Percy none ‘These are a few of the philosophers in England whe re used to admit Americans to the Club House, because Mississippi had repudiated a partof herdebt. ete The religious disturbances at Leipzic have not been renewed, and the popular irritation has been allayed by the King’s prompt compliance with the request of the citizens in regard to a commission of inquiry. Accounts from Turkey state that the Porte has decided upon a plan for the pacitication of the Leba- non, which has received the upproval of the repre- sentatives of the Five Great Powers. By this mea- sure the independence of both the Druses and Ma- ronites will be maintained, and the free exercise of the two religions satisfactorily secured. There has been a change of the ‘Turkish ministpy. 3 Madrid has been the scene of another distur- bance. The people having resolved not to pay the new house taxes. The terms of a treaty of amity and commerce have been detinitely agreed upon by the British and Brazilian negotiators. The rough draft of this treaty has arrived for the approval of our cabinet. Tue Queen’s Visir ro THE Rurve.—The expense ot the joie given uponthe occasion of the Queen’s visit tothe Khine is stated in the German papers to amount to 5,000,000! (£200,000) The musicians alone were paid 400,000f. (say £16,000 ) Tue German LEAGUE AND THE Unitep Srates.— The Constitutronnel states that a Prussian agent, who was sent to the government of the United States to request its accession to the German cus- toms union, has failed in the object of his mission, PuciuisM——Tue Cuamrronsnir or ENGLAND — Tuesday, the 26th ult. according to articles, was appointed for making good the final deposit for the mutch between Ben Caunt and the renowned Ben- digo, amounting in all to £200 a side; and on this occasion a numerous assemblage of “right sort” patronised the hospitable spread prepared by Tom Spring, to celebrate the event. ‘Time’ having been called, the flimsies of Caunt and Bendigo were elie ae in the hands of the stakeholde: ccording to the articles, it was provided that a toss should then take place for the choice of ground, but after some discussion, in which it was obvious that the friends of Bendigo and Caunt were equally anxious to select a spot least likely to cause interup- tion, it was agreed that certain parties should retire into an Aeonara oe and come to an amicable un- Russe de This was done, and a proposition on the part of Bendigo’s backers was at once acceded to. The announcement of this adjustment of all an- ticipated differences was subsequently communiea- ted to the guests, withan intimation, that a few days before the mill, those desirous of obtaining a know- ee of the locality could have their wishes grati- fied on application at any f the sporting houzes in London, Birmingham, ingham, Liverpool, Man- chester, and elsewhere. Every pains will be taken inthe selection of the fixture, not yet finally select- ed, to avoid giving umbrage to those who may be hostile to those manly demonstra- tions of fair play and_ British courage.--— In 1 ee the health of Caunt and Bendigo, with the customary hope “that both might be well on the day, and the better man win,” the Chairman expressed an anxious wish that all parties should anita in precerving otriot order and regularity, and that whatever might be their hopes or predilections they would sustain the true character of English boxing, by securing to each man a fair and unpreju- diced opportunity of ciara ics his qualities. All that was desired was to have “a clear ring and no favor,” and without this it was in vain to hope for a satisfactory issue to the contest, or for the mainte- nance of that position upon which the future success of the fistic school depended. The belt of the Cham- pion of England was to be the reward of the con- queror, and to whomsoever fortune assigned it, un- less it was obtained by the display of manly courage and fair play, it would afford no permanent advan- tage. The toast was then responded to with nine times nine and “one cheer more.” There wasa good deal of talk about betting, and we did hear of to £40 laid on Caunt, but it was apparent that his friends were disinclined to lay more than even bets, or guineas to pounds. There were atew vaunting offers to take £100 to £10 that Bendigo won without a scratch in halfan hour, but there was more “chaff” than “grain” in these specula- tions. : After the principal business of the evening had been settled, attention was culled to the fact that Z10 had been deposited on Lehalf of the Tipton | sher to ‘take up the conqueror,” Caunt or Hen- | digo, and to contend for the belt; but as no person appeared as his representative to make a further de- sit,.a forfeit was declared, and Spring having ta- en up the £10 he had put down, the remaining £10 (that was put down on the Slasher’s account,) will be added to the stakes for the match in progress, so that the winner will net £240 over and above his own stake. [We have since received a letter, in which the Slasher says he has been very ill for a long time, or he would be glad to have had a shy for the championship.) | Caunt continues to train at Hatfield, Woodside; | Hertfordshire, under the eyes of his uncle, Ben | Butler and Turner; and Bendigo still sojournsat Crosby, near Liverpool, as light and as lissome as an antelope and full of confidence. Condition of Engiand. 3 [From London Chronicle, Sept. 8. ) | It is an extremely wholesome practice for nations, | as well as individuals, now and then to deliberate | upon the actual position in which they stand with | regard to the responsibilities by which they are sur- rounded, and which are day by day growing up around them—to ascertain how far their means are equal to their engagements, and to determine whe- | ther adequate precautions are being used to ensure | their fulfilment. We readily enough perceive the | necessity of the Chaneellor of the Exchequer annu- | ally presenting to Parliament an account of the in- come and expenditure of the past year, and an esti- mate of the mode by which he expects to meet the liabilities of the next. We easily understand the , prudence of merchants and others periodically, as | the phrage is, “taking stock” of their affairs and “ balancing their accounts,” for the twofold purpose of knowing the precise result of the past, and deci- | ding upon the course for the future. These are du- ties, moreover, the performance of which, inde- | pendently of the immediate objects in view, pre- | sents opportunities peculiarly fitting for a calm re- | View of those principles which have guided our jyo- licy hitherto, and which are to be relied upon heve- | after. But necessary as these duties may be—i | essary us it unquestionably ia,that we should clear- | ly see, from year to year, how public faith is to be | maintained, and public engagements met—yet we | think it will be admitted,that as long as governments | Impose upon themselves the responsibility of regu- lating the supply of food, as long as they will persist in determining when, and how, and at what price, a people shall be permitted to obtain the first necessaries of life, no graver or more import- ant duty could occupy such a government, or a nation so circumstanced, than that of caretully de- liberating upon the events of the past, and esti- mating the prospects of the future, to ascertain how far these self-imposed obligations of providing for a nation are guaranteed by existing circumstan For our own part, we cannot for a moment hesitate to ~ that it would be wiser that a government should adopt no such responsibility as these restric- tions and regulations necessarily imply, or that it would not be by far the safer course to leave a coun- try at full liberty to provide for its wants in the way best suited to its own means, treely exercised, under all circumstances. as they arise; yet, as long as we persist in assuming the functions of a paternal and regulating government, itis an en rave duty to torm a clear estimate of the supply of food to the in- creasing millions ot our population, as it is to pro- vide for the due fulfilment of any other national ob: ligation. If we tie up people's hands—prevent a free exercize of their own judgment, and ask them to depend upon precautionary regulations of the Legis- lature—the least the people can expect is, that the Legislature will be reaponsible for rendering exist- ing circumstances such that those regulations can be relied upon, The natural enquiry is—whether or not such is the case; and this inquiry is not only ee necessary, but the time is peculiarly fit- he principle of our corn-law clearly assumes, as fact to be relied upon, that at alltimes there are ke abundant stocks of corn on which we can fall back, when our own crops fail. ‘This assumption is unde- niably a necessary adjunct to the sliding seale. We avowedly and purposely prevent any regular intro- duction of foreign com. Nevertheless, our own harvests are such that at least every five years in ten we require large supplies. For years together we are blest with u cycle of abuadant harvests, but the sliding scale assumes that, come a bad harvest when it may, foreign growers are waiting with their stocks in the granery ready for us. Is this assump- tion, oa wien hangs so heavy a stake, true ? Does past experience. or do the present circumstances ot the world, as far as they are known, warrant a re- liance on this assumption ? As to past experience, the lasttwelve years, the events of whieh are still familiar to all, furnish a sufficient test. From 1833 to 1837 we had a cycle of abundant harvests, and entire absence of foreign importation. What was the effect of one deficient and late harvest in 1538 ! A sudden rise in price, within a short period, from fifty-two shillings to seventy-three shillings the quar- ter, and as large an importation as could be obtained at thatand even higher prices. But was the importation adequate to our wants ! The best answer iv, that for more than a year the price of wheat varied trom se venty to eighty shillings the quarter, and that, with but slight fluctuations, 1t was keptat those high ral for three years. The derangement anc sutleri that oceurred in consequence, to all the best inte- rests of the country, are scarcely yeteflaced. But if we found so inadequate a provision for the acci- dent of the sliding pais im 1838, are there grounds for any greater reliance on_ its operation now, or when it may next be called into requisition? We are inthe fourth year of abuadanee, und for three years we have practically proseribed the trade in wheat. _ No one will deny that if the late fine weath- er has given more assurance of the present crop be- ing suflicient for our consumption, yet that up to a yery recent period there have been reasons for the greatest alarm; and if, fortunately, our harvest is still good, that we have narrowly escaped the great- est danger, and to which we must be exposed more or less with every recurring season. Annually exposed, then, to such hazard,what new guarantee, if any, have we in the circumstances of those countries to which we must look for supplies mease of need? What is there to induce us to repose any more confidence in the provision assumed by the sliding-scale as always «vailable than at any former period? The most natura corn-growing country in connection with ourselves is the United States of America. it possesses a soil rich as it is boundless; a people, whether imii- grants or natives, naturally prone to extending, clearing, and cultivating their ineasureless tracts of country—fond of agriculture, not alone as a means of subsistence, but as asource of commerce; and with habits and tastes calcalated to require ever; thing that this country produces in abundance. But what do we find the state of that country? Its Reralatian is increasing at the rate of more than} ha} f a million a year; but, with this increase of pulation, there is every evidence that within the last three years its agricultural productions have been absolutely diminishing, in place of, what might from all the circumstances of the country have been expected, more than relatively increusing. | The report of the Commissioners of Patents shows the production of wheat in 1844, notwithstanding the favorable season, to have been five millions ot bushels less than 1843, and the falling off in the in- ternal traflic from west to east, of wheat and flour, during the past year, shows that the production of the country is more closely measured to its own consumptio: The present year’s crop, though in Istricts reported as extremely a+undant, yet in others, including a large part of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and North and South Carolina, all most 1m- portant wheat districts, are notoriously and un- questionably defective. If the whole crop of the resent year be estimated as even equal to that of last, America will have no surplus beyond what is necessary to supply its regular customers for flour inthe West Indies and on the South American con- tnent. Then, if we turn to Europe, we find matters in no way more encouraging. Prussia, and espe cial- y the Rhiuish provinces, have been importing grain the whole year. In Poland there is such a dearth, that the people are making sudden irruptions into the neighboring parts of Prussia, and committing depre- dations, to satisfy their immediate and pressing wants ‘The north of Russia is in a state of famine, aud the Emperor tas Winselt becoure a bayer wud importer of rye to distribute among the people. The Ottoman Court, by the last advices, has issued a decree prohibiting the port of grain from any part of its possessions, which is more important, a8 an evidence that the state of their harvest will ren- der foreign supplies necessary. In Belgium the King has just issued an order suspending the cora-law till otter the harvest of 1846. France has, during the whole summer, been importing wheat for its own consumption ; and in all these countries, less or more, but particularly in Belgium and Holland, the potatoe crop isan entire failure. Much ot all this, no doubt, is to be attributed to av unpropitious season, though we fear our own policy is chargeable with the largest portion of the more important cause. In America and in Prussia people become wearied in growing corn for the mere chance of an English market.— They turn their capital and labor to other pursuits, and rival us in our manufactures. In proportion as agriculture has been abandoned, or at least has re- mained stationary, manufactures of all kinds have increased ; and our exclusion of the agricultural pro- duce of those countries has reconciled all parties to adoption of high tariffs against our goods,for the sole purpose of creating a home market—for procuring there what the sliding-scale denies them here. But every man who leaves the plough for the loom, while he makes one producer less, makes one con- sumer more; and thus, year after year, the surplus of food produced in other countries, under the dis- couraging influence of our restrictive system, is be- coming less and less, and the danger to which we are exposed, in the event of a defective harvest, be- comes in proportion more imminent. Texo-American Affairs In Europe. {From the Liverpool Mail, Aug. 30 ] What we anticipated in a late number of the Mail has actually taken place—Mexico has declared war against the United States! Mexico has been forced into this contest. A portion of her territory has been invaded, and her property spoiled by 4 set of robbers, and she has, in he cause of justice and honor, declared that she will resist the aggressors to the last extremity. Ifever there was an unobjectionable cause for the shedding of blood this is one. Texas is not an in- dependent country ; whatever she may be de facto, she is not de jure; and, conseqnently, the United States have no more right to treat for her annexation to that republic than the subjects of Queen Victoria, who assemble in the Conciliation Hall of Dublin, have to treat with Louis Philippe for the annexation of Treland to France. 1t is not enough to tell us that the people of Texas are favorable to the proposed abduction. We have yet to learn who the people are,and what their opin- jonsare. All that Europe has yet seen are the re- | solutions Cite ai men who style themselves “a Convention.” Whether they are absconded citizens of the United States, compulsory exiles from Ire- land, or expatriated Scotchmen, remains to be ex- plained. Sut as they are not natives of Texas,they must have a local standing somewhere, either in the inside or outside of a gaol. They cannot belong to two countries,any more than they can inhabit two places at the same time. ‘To treat with such per- sons for the transfer of property, is like an alder- man of London treating with thieves for ihe resto- ration of stolen goods. Indeed, it is worse than this; for the property never did belong to the United States, and hence they are in the position of crimi- nal receivers of goods which have been obtained by felonious means, , The cause of Mexico is, therefore, the cause of every just and honorable government in Christen- dom. England and France cannot look on in st- lence at this horrid deforeement and atrocity. Mex- ico may be the weaker power—the money borrowed from England and the debt repudiated, may be used in plundering a neighboring soil and oppressing a feeble people. But this makes the act more crimi- val, and the cause of war by the invaded state more righteous. Mexico will be justified, in conformity with Mr. Canning’s maxim of employing the resour- ces of the old world to redress the wrongs of the new—she will be justified in granting letters of marque to all the maritime states of Europe; and i this 1s done, as it is sure to be, what a capital hunt- ing field for sport will be the Irish Channel and the highways to Liverpool. One large liner per diem for six weeks would put New York in mourning, Baltimore in convulsions, and Boston on tire. We sincerely hope that these misfortunes will not hap- pen; but, if they do, the United States alone willbe to blame. In 40 unjust a warfare, the retribution must be equal to the offence. [From the Liverpool Mercury, Aug. 29.] Oar readers are already award that the act of the Texan Congress for merging the independence ot their Republic in the American Union was, on the Ath of July, definitively ratified by a convention of delegates of that population of land-jobbers, slave- drivers, lawyers, and nondescripts, which diploma- tic courtesy compliments with the title of ‘people of Texas.” Mexico has indignantly protested, but it appears exceedingly doubutul whether her weakness and disorganization will allow of her expressing her resentment in active hostilities, the effect of which would only, e to invite further aggression. Large bodies of United States troops are despatched to oc- | cupy the military posts of the annexed territory, and a powerful United States fleet is in the Gult of Mexi- co, in preparation for the emergency of war. Look- ing at the relative strength of the two powers, there can be no doubt that, whatever may be decided in the councils of Mexico, the annexation of Texas to the Republic of the ** stars and stripes” is now, once for all, a fut accomgli. Such is the consummation of one of the most ne- farious transactions recorded in modern history.— The United states goverament has now completed a series of as atrocious international frauds and in- juries as ever were veiled under the names and forms of diplomatic legality. Tt has all been done quite “regularly.” United States citizens “emigra- ted” to Texas, aad there beeame Texan citizens and subjects af Mexico; and, as Texan citizens and Mexican subjects, they picked a quarrel with the Mexican government, got up an insurrectionary war, and carried on that war by the aid of bands of United States * volunteers,” whose equipment the United States government proclaimed, in good set phrase, to be illegal. .'T ade them pendent,” and, as an inde it of course, at liberty to enter into any arrangements with an independent neighbor whieh they right think proper. All perfectly regular, anc mously base and treacherous all the disguises and pretences with which glossed over. A gang of United Stotes land- sharks und raffians, suy d by the sympathies and alliance of slave owners » ve breeders, who wanta ket for their detestable triflic, and by the well understood countenance of their own overnment, have robbed a neighboring aud triend ly power of a valuable provin: Two sigorficant facts sufficiently explain the true character of the whole business. ‘The insurgent force which struck the blow that finally severed ‘Texas from Mexico, contained only fitty real Texan citizens; and of the sixty one delegates of the convention of the 4ih Ju- ly, sixty were natives of the United States, The ratification which the United States Govern- successful crime ment has now finally affixed offtly ol vless herde of its own citizens, Is an aci which must have very t consequences. We do not pretend to predict. these in any sort of detail ; but there can be no difficuliy orunce in that general prognosis, Which is based on the na- tural and necessary laws of moral and sation. The United Sta J iy ene barked in the career of aggres end robbery, and they will—sooner or later, 1n ove shape or ano- ther—have to pay the penalty which nature and Providence award to the crimes of nations. “The seizure of Texas,” it was long predicted by Channing, ** will not stand alone ; it will darken our future history ; it will be linked by an iron neces: ty to long-continued deeds of rapine and blood.” Of course the seizure of ‘Texns will sot stand sione. The spirit which has prompted the seizure of Texas will not be contented with Texas. Calitornia ts an- nexed already, in purpose and ix on—* the ac- quisition of California is in contemplation,” as the New York Mornutg Merald y and » York Morning Herald does st reasons why it would be talk of the annexation of Canada. The seizure of ‘Texus will indeed “not, stand alone it will with a terribly retributive force on the character and institations of the Ame- n peopl Jn becoming an aggressive, robber power, the United States inus' tuke care to beal- ways ready with force to sustain its aggression. that is, the United States must become a great mi tary foe, If the Amerzicans positively must and willhave “glory,” they will have to yay the price which glory costs in the old world. They will be driven to maintain an immense and costly militar establishment, on a scale utterly at variance with the spirit, and, eventually, destructive of the forms, of liberty. The free institutions of the country of Washington and Franklin are fit enly for a people whose policy and hubit is peace. This guilty success may have consequences xs re- gards the Union itself, little contemplated by the zealots of annexation andterritorial aggrandisemment It wall bring North and South into political and ny collision. By giving new development and pow the most vicious and dangerous ot the “pecul mestic institutions” of America, it will schism, which has long been known to exis tween differe: sof the TTninn. It hag al been a cardinal point of policy with the Nori maintain, in Congress, an equilibrium of free and slave States. That equilibrium is now destroyed.— ‘The character, the policy, the “glory” of the entire Unionis now identified with an institution utterly abhorent to the deepest feelings of the best postion of the population in the older States. New England is a copher-—a political and moral! nonentity. The ae- scendants of the pilgrim fathers are out-voted 1 Grerralag “tcund up with a policy which the: test. Whether the union of such States as Massa- chusetts with such States as Texas could long stand the strain and stress of any serious political casualty —such as atoreign war, growing out of the slavery policy to which the Republic has now committed itself—is a question wh:ch we think it wouid be rash to answer in the affirmative. The natural consequences of this public crime may develope themselves slowly. It is possible, even, that the recent triumph of tae war and slavery party may produce a re-action sufficiently strong to enforce a pause for the present. But there can, we conceive, be little doubt as to its tendencies—though other and counter tendencies may operate to modily their action. If America has made up her mind to “glory,” conquest, and territorial aggrandizement— “extension of the area of freedom,” as the Nao York Morning Herald calls it—she may get the glory, or she may not; but she will infallibly have to get rid of some ot those political and civil liberties which are so troublesome a clog on the movements of a military executive. If the Americans indulge the war spirit, and preserve their own domest liberties intact, they will be the first people in tory that ever succeeded in combining the enj« ment of just and good government at home, with tyranny and lawlessness abroad. ‘The accounts from Mexico, via New Orleans, re- ceived by the Cambria, from which we have given copious extracts elsewhere, are sufticiently warlike, though it does not appear that a formal declaration of war, on the part of Mexico, had been actully issued, up to the time of the latest advices from Vera Cruz. That Mexico has a most unanswerable casus belli age inst the United States, (if fraud, violence, and robbery, be any justification of warfare between nations,) we have shown above ; but whether she will really go to war with her powerful and unseru- pulous neighbor must depend upon other, considera- tions wholly apart from the justice of her canse. We think it unlikely that any formal declaration of war has been isried, and algo that if a war should really take place, it will be forced on by further end still more aggressive proceedings on the part of the United States, which may render it necessary tor other nations to interfere. {From the Liverpool Mail, August 23.) We are anxious to learn what part the governments of England and France will take in the proposed annexa- tion of Texas to the United States of America. We are not of those who would dispute the right of a nation, or an united people, to choose their own form of government, or to prefer the protection of one neighbor- ing power before another. Still there are limits to the rule, well known to the erudite and international law. For instance; the people and territory of Belgium were incorporated with the kingdom of Holland, by the great treaty of Vienna, concluded at the termination of the French war. Under this treaty, King William was re- 1880, however, or thereabouts, the people of Belgiui volted, 1 the standard of independence. indepe tantly recognized by Franco, the also, in a transition and revolutionar It was near: ly at the sae timo recognized by the government of England, then in the hands of tho whigs. Now, it strikes us that Texas, im 1845, is precisely in the position that Belgium was in 1830. ‘The former ix, at this moment, as the latter was fifteen years ago—a re - volted province. Mexico, the mother country, has not yet consented to the separa Holland, the’ mother country, in the other case, had not assented to the ion, When the indepondence of Belgium was rec England and France. What these two last nanied 3 Tey have de facto recognized the independence of the jatter, Let us, then, pursue the parallel a little farther. Sup- pose, for instance, that Belgium, having shaken off the dutch yoke, had proposed to incorporate herself with, and annex herself to, her powerful neighbor Franc Would England, or any of the monarchies of Europe, have sanctioned that alliance? Would they have allow- od France to increase her power, and extend her domin- and wo inflicted upon the human race,for the sole object of checking the ambition of Napoleon, confining France within her legitimate limits, and securing for her a firm, safe, and constitutional government? It is not probable, It would have been an act of suicide. It would have been act of suicide, It would have made their profes- sions of twenty years a mere mockery, and their princi- ples the essence of hypocrisy and fraud. Is it not apparent, then, that the governments éf En land and France stand in the same relation to ‘Tex those of England and the northern powers of Karopo stood in relation to Belgium? To recognise the inde- pendence of Texas is one thing; to permit the cession of the Texan territory to an overgrown, and grasping, and unscrupulous republic, like that of the United States, is quite a different thing.’ Mexico is weak enough, with a revolted province on her northern fiontier; but that weakness would be renderd more dangerous and piti ble, if her revolutionary citizens were armed with th protection of a Rreater and overawing republic. It ma: bo the policy of France, in the distribution of her favors, powers did for Belgium, they have also doue for Texas. | ion by a peaceful compact, after all the money that had | been spent, and the blood shed, and the desolation, ruin, | to give a preference to the United States, ont what the republic gains we lose. a* ‘of course, 1s not English policy, The obj America is to monopolise, as much a§ she possibly can, the cultivation of cotion. She bas also other views. Slavery in the south is alarmed by the blasts from the north. There is a hollow sound coming over the ows of the Atlautic, anda still, small voice in the States of New England. Black meu are permitted to walk on the indy siae of Broadway in New York. men, too, by some infelicitons accident, which the co! planter cannot undessts H slave influence in the Senate emancipation votes in Congr the approaching revolution If the government ot England should unheppi tacit consent, or no consent at ail, but on ux row] to the annexation scheme, she will \» dereliction of duty, and will expose be more ALLL t of | pressed a wish to go ¢ Frankfort. pce th c necessity of more | teresting part of the reyal tour ashington he rule that! ‘The Queen willremain at Coburg till the 28th only, is iis Joyal iliganess Prince Albert has ex- : » Scotland for afew days’ shooting 4a the inonth of September. Copura, Avgust 21.—Our last account of the Queen, lett her Majesty passing through the city of The Koyal eavaleade arrived here on the 19th, aad the journey of her Majesty from They are free, Wartzburg here, except that the weather was not 80 on propitious as could be desired, was not the least in- t Bamberg, th which the route lay, was iull of the tay gg powerto the surrounding country, who gave the Queen a hearty reception during the few minutes she remain- edin the town. The distance from Bamberg to gniity of « Coburg, is about 23 mules, through a ferile and tothe charze populous country. After passing Zapfendorf the of suppressing slavery with one hand, aud encouraging road runs along ihe bank on the Main—a river pre- iactun ith the other. The interests of the m, this country are decidecly in favor of t ndependen ot the propos. of Texas, Policy challenges the econom: ed union. The less we are dependent upon any one country for the supply of that important staple, cotton, the better for ourselves. The soil of Texas is fertile, and its agricultural products for manufacturing purposes are inexhaustible. ln an independent position. her trade, her supplies, her consumption, would be invaluable to | froat this country, Bound to us by favorable treaties, and lib- | are soon reached. under our protective | }, erally encouraged, she might friendst be placed in a mediatorial condition; and, herself of her locality, she might be the school- mistress of Mexico, and the paroctial beadle of the United States. She would be a cooling draught to Dag- land between two fires. Annex herto the latter repub- oi senting at some points, scenery scarcely interior to thatou the Khine—and passes Staflelberg—a hill of remarkable form and commanding aspect. On the viher side of the roed mses a height, on which Palace ut Prince Maxamilian of Bava- 1 was forinerly the convent of Banz. Pass- nientels—a town of some importance—the rof Bavaria and the Duchy of Saxe Coburg Here the royal party were met y the King and ,Queen of the Belgians who had preceded them to Coburg, and now returned thither them. There was a very pretty trumphal arch at the boundary, and the cortege, as it passed on to- wards Coburg, preceded by the postilions (in their tands the ma, Whi ing | lic, and che would be for ever swamped —a convenient , gay and characteristic blue dress, and with plumes bog, in which would he submerged the principles of lib- | of white feathers in their hats) looked picturesque erty, light, and truth. Butthere is another point Who are the men in Texas who call themselves u convention of the people, and who, in the idle and absurd name of the people, with all) the pomp and circumstance of unblushing quackery, give their solemn and profound assent to this act of an- nexation? We believe, and we have reason to believe, for their names are published, that they number about fifty individuals—good men and wise they may be—but | retugeos, nevertheless, trom the United States, from Eng: | land, Holland, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and other coun- tries. These conventionalists each represents his five | hundred square miles. Who the electors are. we have | yet to learn. These fifty odd men seem to cali the Texan territory their own. By what right, it would be difficult toexplain. The lands they hold, or have apportioned | amongst themselves, they certainly have never pur- | chased, or, il purchased, have never paid for, and never | intend to do. In these immaculate days, it would be, per- | haps, deemed illiberal if we were to call them robbers. | ,, ‘The poor Indians have a name for it, which we do not choose to translate. ‘Lhese men call themselves a re- public—an independent repnblic—but pray where are the citizens who constitute a republic ? For these reasons alone, we earnestly contend that | Evgland cannot with honor consent to this mercenary and unjustifiable annexation. It may have been a dream —the chart of young life, when fancy was unrestrained and hope smiled—but we believed that England was the champion of the distressed and the injured all over the world. Sie, we wore told, sent her thunder to avenge crime. She sided with thoweak against t!> strong and lawless, and in her pride of equity thy rgavutlet a, we the face of her oppressor. It was ; for Whatever history may tell, we confirmation of the fact in our tim« jay claim to the whose of the An: del Fuego to the North Pole, and we have it all. In dealing with England, t and successful speculators are those to lose, money and credit in such cases being hindranc: If Texas is annexed to the United States, we connot se onthe same grounds, any formidable reason w! land should not be so. ‘The Popish priests would because the ignorance of America is sympatheti her notions of civil and religious liberty. The States, we are glad to say, is working double t gain a respectable and creditable reputation ; and are hopes that the “drab colored population” of Ph: delphia will ultimately pay their debts. But for a quiet and reflecting man to think that a pecuniary easiness is to be caused by the capture of the Texan territor, matter that produces, and must produce, painful ideas, Our last word is, that if Lord Aberdeen assents to the dictum of Sir Robert Peel, ‘that Texas must be surren- dered to the United States, we shall, as Canning said, cover the union jack with ‘crape, and hide our sorrows and our teurs in chambers dim, or in old and umbrage- ous Lowers, known oaly to the owl and the bat. The Progress of Queen Victoria in Germany, ‘The visit of Her Majesty to Germany continues to create great excitement amongst our continental neighbors. The enthusiustic welcome which she has received in all quarters must be highly grauty: to her Majesty and her Royal Consort. We are not| about to lay before our readers a lengthened deserip- tion of the various places through which her Maj-s- ty passed, accompanied with a cucumstantial detay Unite continent ,ppose they must ¢ most vigorous >have nothin ; which was assisted by a large enough, and certainly ee different trom enything of the kind we see in England. Cuarnages ,belong- ing to Prince Augustus of Saxe Coburg and other members of the family, also swelled ihe procession, body ot huntsmen of the House of Coburg, dressed their uniform of reen and gold, and with their carbines slung over fhe shoulders, The reigning duke of Saxe Co- burg was also at the frontier to receive his brother and sister-in-law, and he rode by the side of the royal carriage, the King and the Queen of the Bel- gians being within. The reception at Coburg was one of the most pekaing sigats that can be well imagined. At the oundary a splendid triumphal arch stretched across the road, from which Bang flags, and every house im the long line of street through which the royal cortége passed was gaily decorated with cee festoons, flags, and flowers. Better and prettier || to see were the smiling faces of the inhabitants si | lining the streets, and clustering in all the windows. The great buildings of the city were aiso profusely ornamented. The Townhouse and the Palace of the Prince of Furstenberg were especially decorated with garlands, festoons, and flags. Arnived at the palace of the Duke, a fine building t tern Gothie style, forming three sides o} Nise irangle, and with a turretted en- party alighted and partook of a vt, and then, after a short delay, summer palace of Rosenat miles trom Coburgh. The chateau ot Roecnau uot being suiliciently capacious for all the Royal visitors, its illustrious owner, the Grand Duke, has taken up his quarters at a small place at a ot all that occurred to her, the illustrious persons that were presented to her, the remarkable scenes | there is” necessarily such a same- | she visited, X&c.; € ness aboui a royal journey after the first day or tw has passed, that to do so Would be entailing a of trouble on ourselves, without at the same tine contributing much to the gratification oramusentwat of our readers. We shall, therefore, glance briefly over the scenes in Germany tor the last week, or at least up to the last day, of which we have received intelligence. Mayence, Saturday Evening, August 16.—It was about half-past eleven to-day that the lowering of the royal standard, which for the last two days was waved from Stoizenfels, announced that the royal party had left the chateau to repair on board. ‘The King of Prassia and his suite, accompanied the Queen and Prince Albert to the Fairy. He then took farewell of them, and returned on shore, while the yacht amid the cheering of the multitade and firing of artillery, was set in motiou, and proceeded up the Rhine. As long as she remained in sight from the bank below te vastle, the King stood pon the beach waving his handkerehief. ‘The finest see- nery of the Rhine lies between Coblentz and May- ence. The rocks r more precipitously trom the stream, their forms are bolder, their outlines more irreguler, the ravines narrower, darker, and bolder than below; while the number of ruined feudal tor- | tresses, with theirgrey battered walls, looking es it what had once been the summit of the rocks had been hewn into castles—these robber-holds of yore ; ure met with in far greater numbers than «long the lower portions of the river. Vast military prepa tions had also been made. Mayence is the ¢ of the Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt, but itis gi soned by Prussian and Austrian troops. There are. indeed, [ believe, upwards of 10,000 soldiers of the twocountries at this moment at Mayence. 1 greater portion of these troops were drawn up round and in the quadrangle of the Government House, the blue uniforms of the Prussians, and tie white of their Austrian friends, varying the brown masses of the people crowded around. At6 o’clock her Majesty and the Prince, accompamed only by their own suite, landed. As usual, cannon thunder- ed and music played. Besides the guns on the ior- tifications, a troop of light horse artillery banged away, and not a little streamer on the river, but had her crack out of her couple or so of rusty pop-guns. The disembarkation was the work of a moment. Her Majesty quickly disappeared from vulgar eyes beneath the portals of the governmenthouse, and the crowd which had collected allowed the march | of the military as they filed off to their various bar- racks. Her Majesty and the Prince were received 0 eal | oO | short distance from the chateau. The Duchess of Kent, and the Prince of Leiningen are at the Resi denz in the town here. King Leopold and his Juven oscillate between his chateau of Fulbbach ise in the town, and the Grand Duke ot Callenburg. The Queen and Prince y the same room in which his Royal was born. 7 f euan itself 13 the beau-ideal of a summer resi- Although built on a princely scale, it looks dence, is a) like an enormous cottage ornée, embowered in trees and flowers. The name, Rosenau, “ the meadow of roses,” amy describes the lovely valley from which the palace rises. The views com- manded from the windows are of the finest kind. After the natural beauties of the place, the next peculiarity that strikes an English mind is the utter absence of all ceremonial and exclusivenees. There is not a gate or a sentinel in the whole place ; but the country people come and go, and look about them as they please, under the very windows of the palace, with no other restraint upon them than their own sense of self-respect. ‘ Her Majesty rose early this morning, and walked outin the grounds before breakfast, accompanied by Prince Albert. ‘The joy of his Royal Highness at returning to his father’s hails, his birth-place, and the spot where he passed the happy years of boys hood, 1s described as having been deitghvtnl to wit- ness. He conducted her Majesty through the va- | rious departments, pointed out the most pictu, esque | spots in the grounds, with the chateau on the distant | and fir-crowned hills. Her Majesty seems to parti- cipate in her concert’s happiness; for here she roams about unstared at, unatteuded, tnd unpeered at, by gaping and vulgar curiosity. Not more than four miles from Rosenau, nearer Coburg, there is another summer residence, the palace of Prince Ernest of Wurterburg, from which a very fine view is obtained of the vale in which Coburg is situ- ate, the spire of the Church of St. Maurice rising boldly from the centre of the city. On the opposite heights is the fortress of Coburg, which her Majesty went last evening to visit, driving over from Rove- nau for the purpose. he popclatvon of Coburg is about 10,000, That of Gotha, which is about 75 miles from here, 1s 14,000. When her Majesty arrived at Coburg the whole po- pulation turned out to meether. There were dense masses all along the road between the frontiers and the town, Not only these were there, but also the people of the surrounding country, in a circuit of many miles, came in crowds into Coburg Some came a3 much as twenty German miles, and some from Leipsic. Tt was stated that there would be at Coburg a grand rennion of Royal personages—that not fewer than fifteen crowned heads would here meet Queen Victoria. At present, besides the mem bers ot the Ducal house of Saxe Coburg, there are ly the King and Queen of the Belgians, the Duch- ess of Kent, and the Prince of Leiningen, the half- brother of ler Majesty Queen Victoria. : 22.—The Queen and the Royal party as- sembled here at present are sving in comparative retirement, There is a complete change in the ha- bits of the Court trom those to which they are ac- customed at home. Her Majesty rose at an early hour this morning, and walked about the grounds of Rosenau for some time previous to the morning meal The air was soft and balmy, and as the Queen expressed a wish to breakfast in the open air, the Royal party partook of their morning repast on a terrace, before one of the fronts of Rosenau, a spot which the late Duke always eelected for his evening meal,as it commands one of the most beauti ful views of the valley. After breakfast Her Ma- Jesty walked again in the grounds with Lady Can- ning, who sketched some of the most picturesque pl in the surrounding scenery, at her Majesty's ese. The Duke and Duchess of Saxe Coburg Gotha ar- rived ut Rogenan in the course ot the morning from the cottage Schweitzerei, and at one o’clock the 4 visit. Tne dinner party at the Government-house | whole party proceeded to Coburg, and alighted at last night was a small and select one, in considera- tion of her Majesty’s fatigue ; but there will be « grand banquet this evening, to which all the civil and military authorities have been invited. A guard of honor of Prussian soldiers have been on duty ta | cognized as the sovereign of the United Netherlands. In | front of the hotel since her Majesty took up her temporary residence there; and the royal standays of England, Russia, and Austria, are flying from the top. The streets in the neighborhood are, of cour crowded with epectators,and much anxiety Is mest fested to see the roy The Grand Deke | and Duchess of He atrived this morn | ing, at twelve o'clock, ia a travelling carriage aid six, and were received with a salute of guns [res | the fortress. After visitiug the Government-houce, | the royal duke waited upon her Majesty at the Ho- tel de P Europe The Queen, bers of her suite, atten it English church at three o’clock this afternoon. Rev. Mr. Dunnage officiated. ( Mavence, Monpay.—Tnis_ morning, precisely at Prince Albert, and most of the mena-| ded divine service at 1 the Residenz, where they remained whilst the pre- parations were going on for the— : eat The annual spectacle of the Feast of Gregoriusis one of the customs or rales of Papal sway, to which tus country was formally subjected. It has been continued for the last three hundred years, and is kept up with fands long since bequeathed for the purpose byvarioas charitable people. It tell on to-day; | Besides the pavilions there were # and in that spirit of simple enjoyment and relaxa- tion from courtly ceremony which has characterised the visit of the Queen here, because it seems to be the custom of the country, her Majesty and the whole royal patty eame down from the Palace to be present at the gay scene, and, certes, never since its first establishment, was this ceremony celebrated with somuch éclat e2 on this day. Ina spacious meadow in one of the suburbs of Coburg, pavilions were ereeted, and a portion of the ground opposite these pavilions was fenced in with festoons and gar- lands. In the pavilions tables were laid for dinner, of which the Royal visitors were to be the partakers. Iso many other seven o'clock, the Queen left Mayence tor Franktort, | booths, a travelling theatre, and a most grotesque en route for Wurzburg. Her Majesty’s travelling | roundabont, with hobby horses and sledges, mount. was carria honor of Prassian lancere, and a salute of 21 guus | polka, and girlsand boys i was fired from the fortress as the royal cavaleade | was the Her attendants and suite iollowed im | wag of a diflerent kind two open barouches, a heavy luggoge van brought | town schools, girls and bot { up the rear. left the city. From the pace at warch the curriay proceeded through the streets and across the brid of boats, the journey no doubt tedious one, and will try the patience of the travellers before they reach Coburg. ‘Lhe Fairy steam yacht has been order at Mayence till the return of the Queen FRaNkrort-on-Tok-Matne, Mond Morning.— | The Queen arrived here this morning at heli pt ten from Mayence ; but as Her Majesty required no) refreshment, she did not alight, nor make any sty | in the town. Whilst post horses were being put to the carriage, Her Majesty received the congratula- tions of the Austrian and other Ambassadors, who | were in attendance to receive Her Majesty; but there was no reception of the municipal or military functionaries, as was expected. ‘The people ete : own in great numbers q roe tee arrival of the Queen and Prince Al- bert, and a general feeling of disappointment ap- peared to pervade all classes when the carriages drove on through the town, and it became known tnat Her Majesty had determined not to remain here. 3 preceded and tollowed by a guard of | ed on which were musician will be a long and « | bons—their head “¢ royal their dresses testooned in like manner. Some wore 3 playing a most musical n fantastic die at aration on the ground, | e festiv: Fiiderent All the children of the ‘ formed, according to custom, in procession, to the number of 600 or 700. The girls were all dressed in white, with green rib- is adorned with ivy wreaths, and the Greek fancy costuines—the Highland dresa, J to remain | dress; and there were flocks of the prettiest little, | shepherdesses in the world. The greater number of -, the boys also wore fancy costumes—they were caressed as jagers, Highlanders, Greeks, Turks, A!- baniany, to say nothing of one or two first rate Tie Napoleon Bonapartes, and an unexeeptionable Cap- tain Macheath. ‘The scene was one which a Wat- eau, a Walkie, or a Boucher would have delighted to draw. The moving little troop of mummers preceded the royal party to the festival ground, marching to mu sic, where they were formed into lines, Queen with her illustrious host and hostess, and the whole of the royal party arrived on the ground ata quarwr to tour o'clock ; and when her Majesty alighted +4 walked into the tented field, leaning on we ares ot the Prince-Consort, a burst of joyous greeting and welcome rent the ait. As soon as the royal promenade was over, the