The New York Herald Newspaper, September 21, 1845, Page 1

STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA. TWELVE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. VERY IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. IMPROVEMENT IN THE COTTON MARKET. The Harvests More Favorable than Anticipated. RIOTS IN MADRID. The Queen Still on the Continent. Markets. ke., &e. The steamship Britannia, Capt. Hewett, arrived at Boston on Friday morning, having made the passage in fifteen days. We have advices from Liverpoo! to Sept. 4—London to the 3d, and Paris to the Ist. ‘The Britannia brought ninety-two passengers. Among the passengers are the Hon. Edward Everett, late Minister of London, and family, Tem- pleton, the vocalist, Papineau, the Canadian revo- lutionary leader, and a pair of Boots. The Cotton Market had improved, and the prices were fully an eighth of a penny higher than at the close ot last month. ‘The news is very interesting. ‘The new American Minister in England, Hon. Louis MeLane, has taken up his residence at 38, Harley street, Cavendish square. At Lloyd’s there were signs of apprehension thata war between the two American Republics may lead to a system of privateering on the western coast of the Atlantic, dangerous to our merchant ships. The underwriters demanded a higher rate“of premium from England to America, unless the clause is inserted declaring the insurance free of capture and seizure, ‘The Experimental Fleethad returned to Cork. Affairs in England were quiet. Parliament was “shooting grouse,” the Queen was in Germany, O'Connell at Drurynane, and the people absorbed in the Railroad mania. ‘The papers contain full accounts of the journey- ings of the Queen and Royal party in Germany. On the 27th of August Her Majesty proceeded from Co- burg to Gotha, accompanied by Prince Albert, the Kingand Queen of the Belgians, and the Reigning Duke, where they would remain tillthe 3d or 4th inst., when they would return homeward. ‘The overland mail from China arrived in London on the Ist inst. The dates from China are to the 25th of May—not so late as those received direct in this city. There is a complete famine in Poland, so that no supplies of wheat can be expected from that quarter. ‘The St. Petersburgh papers give accounts of the operations of Gen. Woronzoff in Cireassia, but nothing definite as to his success. He assumes as the basis of his operations the line of the Terex and the town of Kisliar,and has penetrated, by the north of the Daghestan, into the mountains which bound | that. cuntry to the west. ‘The steam ship Cambria, hence, 16th ult., arrived at Liverpool on the 28th, making the passage in 11 days and a half, including her stay in Halifax. There hasbeen a terrific whirldwind on the con- tinent. Its effects in Holland were almost as severe- ly feltasin France At Rouen, however, it seems to have expended its greatest violence. In that city three extensive manufactories were destroyed by the whirlwind, while all hands were at work; not less than sixty persons ofall ages perished in the ruins, and 126 were thereby wounded. ‘The recent favorable change of the weather ap- pears to have extended over the whole of the United Kingdom, and there is every prospect of a glorious harvest. In the course of the second week in Sep- tember nearly the whole of the corn will be housed, and the crops will not only be abundant, but they will be secured in good order. The chief topics of discussion during the past fort- night have been the rumored appearance of war be- tween Mexico and the United States, and the appre- hended deficiency of the crops, through the préva- lence of weather unfavorable to the prospects of the agriculturists. The news from Ireland is not important. The Ulster journals are crowded with announcements re- specting the general organization of the Orange So- ciety, and especially in reference to the demonstra- tion which took place in Lisburn, county Down, on Wednesday, the 20th ultimo. The state of trade is in most respects satisfactory. The demand for all the leading staples, whether sugar, cotfee, wool or cotton is so steady as to indi- cate ahealthy consumption, and the supplies are sufficient to check any exorbitant advance. The weather, which has for some time been stormy, and which it was feared would greatly in- jure the growing crops and retard the harvest, has suddenly changed for the better, and there isa fair prospect of abundance. The question of revising the fundamental laws of Holland, excites a strong feeling in that country.— The substantial burghers appear to be opposed to everything in the shape of innovation. The ancient town of Tervonia in Hungary has been reduced toa heap of ruins by fire. By advices from Constantinople, of the 7th, we learn that the disposition to revolt against Turkish governore,manifested so frequently of late,had shown itself in various quarters. The Persian government always puts a charge of five per cent upon imported articles, in orderto restrict the introduction of such as may tend to effeminate or vitiate the people. The lumperor of Austria, on the advice of Prince Metternich, is about to endow the Protestant clergy in the German states. Such is the slow march of science in modern Italy, that the noble city of Milan was unilluminated with gas until last month. The Mining Journal, of Saturday, denies that the iron manufacturers of England cannot meet th growing demand, both for the home aud foreign market, and supports its position with figures. The East India Company are building two splendid war-steamers, of 1,440 tons each, A convention for the extradition of criminals has | been signed between France and Prussia. ‘The censors of the public press at Berlin have, by a cabinet order, received fresh instructions to refuse their imprimatur to any article intended for publica- tion in any political journal or periodical, upon matters of religious or theological controversy. In virtue of a convention with the Persian govern- ment, French ships will henceforth be received into the ports of Persia upon the footing of the most favoured nations, and the produce of the industry of France willbe admitted on a duty of five per cent. The Universal Prussian Gazette of the 9th, states | | been called, the fimsies of Caunt that a decree has been published containing the con- ditions under which the Lutherans who have sepa- rated frem the Evangelical Church,are permitted to form religious communities. The Mining Journal says:—The introduction of machinery will render Spain one of the first mining | countries, not only in Europe, but the world. Some pillars and other remains of a Roman build- | ing, and two beautiful coins of the Emperors Anto- nius and Domitian, have been discovered in High street, Stamford. The United States Service Gazette says: “We be- lieve it has been decided upon that each port shall | have two old 74’s, mounted with 50 guns each, and | | a frigate mounting 30 guns, to be kept in constant | readiness, on the screw prineiple. The lady detected in a criminal /eaison with Victor Hugo, the distinguished French writer, has been sentenced to three months’ imprisonment and a se- paration from her husband on an allowance of 1,200f. perannum. The children to be under the care of the father, with leave to the moiher to see them twice a month The steamship Caledonia from Liverpool was passed on, Thursday morning bythe Britannia off Li- verpool, N. S. Lettets from Berlin, of the 22d instant, state that the Emperor and Empress of Russia were on their way to Tralys the physician of the Empress having recommended that she should pass the winter in that cunntry. Mr. King, the American Minister at Paris, has transmitted to the Minister ot Foreign Atiairs the thanks of his government for Captain Tahet, of the Mappemonde brig, for having, on October 10, 1844 saved off Cape Ontonio, Cuba, part of the crew aa passengers of the Elizabeth, of New Orleans, which ad foundered at sea. Some of the crew endeavor- ed to save themselves in the long-boat, and were ne- ver more heard of; the remainder, who had got in- to a smaller boat, were picked up by Captain Tahet, and most kindly treated. We have seen a letter from Rome, dated this month, which contradicts the report that the Pope is ina dying state. The writer describes the Pope’s health to be excellent, considering the pontiff’s ad- vanced age. The following were pene the persons proclaim- ed outlaws last week in Middlesex:—William 1 Poer T'rench, the Hon. Richard Fulke Greville, Sir Charles Edward Gray, Haight Sir Henry Wyatr, Knight; Joseph Ferdinand Count Taaffe, the Rev. George Brydgee Lee Warner, and Mortimer Percy Drummond. These are a few of the philosophers in England whe re‘used to admit Americans to the Club House, because Mississippi had repudiated a part of herdebt. me The religious disturbances at Leipzic have not been renewed, and the popular irritation {has been allayed by the King’s prompt compliance with the request of the citizens in regard to a commission of inquiry. Accounts from Turkey state that the Porte has decided upon a plan for the pacification of the Leba- non, which has received the approval of the repre- sentatives of the Five Great Powers. By this mea- sure the independence of both the Druses and Ma- ronites will be maintained, and the free exercise of the two religions satisfactorily secured. There has been a change of the ‘Turkish ministpy. Madrid has been the scene of another distur- bance. The people having resolved not to pay the new house taxes. : The terms of a treaty of amity and commerce have been definitely agreed upon by the British and Brazilian negotiators. The rough draft of this treaty has arrived br the approval of our cabinet. Tue Quekn’s Vistr To THE RutNE.—The expense ot the fétes given uponthe occasion of the Queen’s visit to the Khine is stated in the German papers to amount to 5,000,000. (£200,000.) The musicians alone were paid 400,000f. (say £216,000.) New Lives or Sream Vesseis.—New lines of steamers from this country to distant parts of the world are constantly forming. On Wednesday last | the Novelty ‘sailed from , Liverpool for Constantino- ple, as the first of a monthly line of steamers be- tween this port and the Turkish capital. We see by the Times that steamers have just begun to run be- tween London and Leghorn, and in a short time the line from Liverpool to Rioand River Plate will com- mence operations. British enterprise has now esta- blished steam communication with the following countries :—To Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, by the Hull line; to St. Petersburg, to North Ger- many, by the Hull and London lines to Hamburg ; to Holland, Belgium, and France, by the General Steam Company’s vessels ; to the north and south of Spain and to ees by the Peninsular pres ny’s vessels; to Italy, by the new line from London to Leghorn; to Malta, the Levant, and Constanti- nople, by the new line from Liverpool; to Egypt, Arabia, Ceylon, India, Singapore, and China, b the Orenall Steam Company’s vessels; to Britis| America and the United States, by the Cunard and Great Western lines from Liverpool ; to the West | Indies, Mexico, and the north coast of South Ameri- , by the West India line ; to Peruand Chili by the West Coast line. To Brazil and the River Plate by the line now building in Liverpool. The only Bri- tish colonies of any importance which have not now the advantage of steam communication with the mother country are the Cape, the Mauritius, and Australian colonies. Progress or Iron Stirs anv Screw Prorenters. —We understand that the firm of James Hodgson & Co., iron ship builders, of this town, are build- ing, amongst other vessels, an iron ship of 1200 tons burden, the first of a new line of steamers to ply between New York and Liverppol, with engines bf 180 horse power, also one of 600 tons burden and 100 horse power, to ply between Liverpool and Rio Janeiro, the first of a new line of seven; also one for Buenos Ayres, all fitted with screw propeller and Grantham’s patent direct-action engines.—Liver- pool Times, Tue German League anv tie Unrrep Stares.— ‘The Constitutronnel states that a Prussian ag who was sent to the government of the United States to request its accession to the German cus- toms union, has failed in the object of his mission. CommerciaL.—There was no particular inquiry for money, and it appears that the banks havea good deal of surplus cash at their disposal. ‘The foreign exchanges rather improved on the principal conti- nental places. Amsterdam, 13 8; Rotterdam, 128; Antwerp, 25774 26; Hamburg, 13 144; Frankfort, 121} ; Paris, 25.95 ; Marseilles, 25 97 262; Trieste, 101102. Srare or Trave.—There is still a good business pe in the several woollen markets throughout England. At Leeds they are busily engaged, whilst they obtain remunerating prices for their labor. The same remark applies to Hudderstield and Rochdale. In Worsteds there is an active trade; designs for the ensuing winter season meet a gocd demand; indeed, the weather has exercised a considerable influence upon these and the Cotton trades. The late change to dry, warm, autumnal weather has proved favorable to both manufucturers and merchants. At Manchester, both goods and yarn are now in better request, and prices very | firm. Poat.ism——Tne Cramrronsnir or ENGLAND — Tuesday, the 26th ult. according to articles, was appointed for making good the final deposit for the match between Ben Caunt and the renowned Ben- digo, amounting in all to £200 a side; and on this occasion a numerous assemblage of “right sort” patronised the hospitable spread prepared by Tom Spring, to celebrate the event. “Time” having e i" and Bendigo were quickly deposited in the hands of the stakeholder. — According to the articles, it was provided that a toss should then take place for the choice of ground, but after some discussion, in which it was obvious that the friends of Bendigo and Caunt were equally anxious to select a spot least likely to cause interup- tion, it was agreed that certain parties should retire | into an adjoining room and come to aa amicable un- | derstanding. This was done, and a proposition on e | the part of Bendigo’s backers was at once acceded to. The announcement of this adjustment of all an- | ticipated differences was subsequently communiea- ted to the guests, withan intimation, that a few days before the mill, those desirous of obtaining a know- ledge of the locality could have their wishes grat fied on application at any of the sporting houses in London, Birmingham, Nottingham, Liverpool, Man- | chester, and elsewhere. Lvery pains will be taken | in the selection of the fixture, not yet finally select- jed, to avoid giving umbrage to those who may be hostile to those manly demonstra- (ions of fair play and British courage. | In proposing the health of Caunt and Bendigo, | with the customary hope “that both might be well on the day, and the better man win,” the Chairman | expressed an anxious wish that all parties should | Unite in preserving strict order and regularity, and | that whatever might be their hopes or predilections | they would sustain the true character of English | boxing, by securing to each man a fair and unpreju- diced opportunity of dis; laying his qualities. All that was desired was to have “a lear ring and no NEW YORK, SUNDAY MORNING, favor,” and without this it was in vain to hope for a satisfactory issue to the contest, or for the mainte- nance of that position upon which the future success of the fistic school depended. The belt of the Cham- pion of England was to be the reward of the con- queror, and to whomsoever fortune assigned it, un- less it was obtained by the display of manly courage and fair play, it would afford no permanent advan- tage. The toast was then responded to with nine times nine and “one cheer more.” There was a good deal of talk about betting, and we did hear of £60 to £40 laid on Caunt, but it was apparent that his friends were disinclined to lay more than even bets, or guineas to pounds. There were afew vaunting offers to take £100 to £10 that Bendigo won without a scratch in halfan hour, but there was more “chat!” than “grain” in these specula- tions. After the principal business of the evening had been settled, attention was called to the fact that gio. had been deposited on tvehalf of the Tipton Slasher to “take up the conqueror,” Caunt or Ben- digo, and to contend for the belt; but as no person appeared as his representative to make a further de- pees a forfeit was declared, and Spring having ta- en up the £10 he had put down, the remaining £10 (that was putdown on the Slasher’s account,) will be added to the stakes for the match in progress, so that the winner will net £210 over and above his own stake. [We have since received a letter, in which the Slasher savs he has been yery ill for a long time, or he eau be glad to have hake shy for pionship. } Caunt continues to train at Hatfield, Woodside; Hertfordshire, under the eyes of his uncle, Ben Butler and Turner; and Bendigo still sojournsat Crosby, near Liverpool, as light and as lissome as an antelope and full of confidence. Condition of England. (From London Chronicle, Sept. 3 | 4 It is an extremely wholesome practice for nations, as well as individuals, now and then to deliberate upon the actual position in which they stand with regard to the responsibilities by which they are sur- rounded, and which are day by day growing up around them—to ascertain how far their means are equal to their engagements, and to determine whe- ther adequate precautions are being used to ensure their fulfilment. We readily enough perceive the necessity of the Chaneellor of the Exchequer annu- ally presenting to Parliament an account of the in- come and expenditure of the past year, and an esti- mate of the mode by which he expects to meet the liabilities of the next. We easily understand the prudence of merchants and others periodically, as the phrase is, “ taking stock” of their aftaire and “ balancing their accounts,” for the twofold purpose of Pee precise result of the past, and deci- ding upon the course for the future. These are du- ties, moreover, the performance of which, inde- pendently of the immediate objects in view, pre- sents ppeartifies peculiarly fitting for a calm re- view of those principles which have guided our po- licy hitherto, and which are to be relied upon here- after. But necessary as these duties may be—ne- cessary as it unquestionably is,that we should clear- ly see, from year to year, how public faith 1 to be maintained, and public engagements met—yet we think it will be admitted,that as long as governments impose upon themselves the responsibility of regu- lating the supply of food, as long as they will persist in determining when, and how, and at what price, a people shall be permitted to obtain the first necessaries of life, no graver or more import- ant duty could occupy such a government, or a nation so circumstanced, than that of carefully de- liberating upon the events of the past, and esti- mating the prospects of the future, to ascertain how far these self-imposed obligations of providing tor a nation are guaranteed by existing circumstances. For our own part, we cannot for a moment hesitate to ay that it would be wiser that a government should adopt no such responsibility as these restric- tions and regulations necessarily imply, or that it would not be by far the safer course to is a coun- try at full liberty to provide for its wants in the way best suited to its own means, freely exercised, under all circumstances. as they arise; yet, as long as we persist in assuming the functions of a paternal and regulating government, it is an e alma duty to form a clear estimate of the supply, of food to the in- creasing millions of our population, as it is to pro- vide for the due fulfilment of any other national ob- ligation. If we tie up people’s hands—prevent a free exercise of their own judgment, and ask them to depend upon precautionary regulations of the Legis- lature—the least the people can expect is, that the Legislature will be responsible for rendering exist- ing circumstances such that those regulations can be relied upon. The natural enquiry is—whether or not such is the case ; and this inquiry is not only natural and necessary, but the time is peculiarly fit- ting for it. he principle of our corn-law clearly assumes, as a fact to be relied upon, that at alltimes there are abundant stocks of corn on which we can fall back, when our own crops fail. This assumption is unde- niably a necessary adjunct to the sliding scale. We avowedly and purposely prevent any regular intro- duction of foreign corn. Nevertheless, our own harvests are such that at least every five years in ten we require large supplies. For years together we are blest with a cycle of abundant harvests, but the sliding scale assumes that, come a bad harvest when itmay, foreign growers are waiting with their stocks in the granery ready for us. Is this assump- tion, on which hangs so heavy a stake,true ? Does past experience. or do the present circumstances of the world, as far as they are known, warrant a re- liance on this assumption ? As to past experience. the last twelve years, the events of which are still familiar to all, furnish a sufficient test. From 1833 to 1837 we had a cycle of abundant harvests, and an entire absence of foreign importation. What was the effect of one deficient and late harvest in 1838 ? A sudden rise in price, within a short period, from fifty-two shillings to seventy-three shillings the quar- ter, and as large an importation as could be obtained at thatand even higher prices. But was the importation adequate to our wants ? The best answer is, that for more than a year the price of wheat varied trom se. venty to eighty shillings the quarter, and that, with but slight fluctuations, it was keptat those high rates tor three years. The derangement anc suffering that occurred in consequence, to all the best inte- rests of the country, are scarcely yet effaced. But if we found so inadequate a provision for the acci- dent of the sliding scale in 1838, are there grounds for any greater reliance on_ its operation now, or when it may next be called into requisition? We are in the fourth year of abundance, and for three years we have practically proscribed the trade in wheat. No one will deny that if the late fine weath- er has given more assurance of the present crop be- ing sufficient for our consumption, yet that up to a very recent period there have been reasons for the greatest alarm; and if, fortunately, our harvest is pea that we have narrowly escaped the great- est danger, and to which we must be exposed more or less with every recurring season. Annually exposed, then, to such hazard,what new cae if any, have we in the circumstances ot hose countries to which we must look for supplies incase of need? What is there to induce us to repose any more confidence in the provision assumed by the sliding-scale as always available, than at any former period? The most natura! corn-growing country in connection with ourselves is the United States of America. it possesses a soil rich as it is boundless; a people, whether immi- grants or natives, naturally prone to extending, clearing, and cultivating their measureless tracts of country—fond of agriculture, not alone asa means of subsistence, but as asource of commerce; and with habits and tastes calcalated to require every- thing that this country produces in abundance. But what do we find the state of that country? Its Esra is increasing at the rate of more than alfa million a year; but, with this increase of jeeagell there is every evidence that within the ast three years its agricultural productions have been absolutely diminishing, in place of, what might from all the circumstances of the country have been expected, more than relatively increasing. The report of the Commissioners of Patents shows the production of wheat in 184, notwithstanding the favorable season, to have been five millions of bushels less than 1843, and the falling off in the in- ternal traflic from west to east, of wheat and flour, during the it year, shows that the production ot the country is more closely measured to its own consumption. The present year’s crop, though in some districts reported as extremely abundant, yet in others, including a large part of Ohio, Indiana, | Illinois, and North and South Carolina, all most 1m- | portant wheat districts, are notoriously and. un- questionably detect if the whole crop of the oer year be estimated as even equal to that of last, America will have no surplus beyond what is | necessary to supply its regular customers for flour | inthe West Indies and on the South American con- | unent. Then, if we turn to Europe, we find matters in no way more encouraging. Prussia, and espe cial Y the Rhinish pre i | the whole year. In Poland there is such a dearth, that the people are making sudden irruptions into the neighboring parts of Prussi | dations, to satisfy their immediate and preSsing wants ‘The north of Russia is in a state of famine. and the Emperor has himself become a buyer and importer of rye to digvfbute among the people, | The Ottoman Court, by the tast advices, has issued a decree prohibiting the export of grain from any part of its possessions, which is more important, as pvinces, have been importing grain | iayand committing depre- | | an evidence that the state of their harvest will ren- der foreign supplies necessary. In Belgium the King has ie issued an order suspending the corn-law till alter the harvest of 1846. Franoe has, during the | whole summer, been importing wheat for its own | consumption ; and in all these countries, less or more, | but particularly in Belgium and Holland, the potatoe | crop is an entire failure. Much of all this, no doubt, | is to be attributed to an unpropitious season, though | we fear our own policy js chargeable with the largest | portion of the more Important cause. In America | and in Prussia people become wearied in growing corn for the mere chance of an English market.— | They turn their capital and labor to other pursuits, | and rival us in our manufactures. In proportion as agriculture has been abandoned, or at least has re- mained stationary, manufactures of all kinds have increased ; and our exclusion of the agricultural pro- | | duce of those countries has reconciled all parties to adoption of high tariffs against our goods, for the sole purpose of creating a home market—for procuring there what the sliding-seale denies them here. But | every man who leaves the plough for the loom, | while he makes one producer Jess, makes one con- | sumer more ; and thus, year after year, the surplus | ot food produced in other countries, under the dis- | couraging influence of our restrictive system, is be- | coining less and less, and the danger to which we | are exposed, in the event of a detective harvest, be- | comes in proportion more imminent. ‘Texo-Americay Affairs in Europe. (From the Live 1 Mail, Aug. 30.) What we anticipated ina late number of the Mail has actually taken plaee—Mexico has declared war against the United States! Mexico has been forced into this contest. A portion of her territory has been invaded, and her property spoiled by 4 set of robbers, and she has, in the cause of justice and honor, declared that she will resist the aggressors to the last extremity. Ifever there was an unobjectionable cause for the shedding of blood this is one. ‘Texas is not an in- dependent country ; whetever she may be de facto, she is not de jure; and, conseqnently, the United States have no more right to treat for her annexation | to that republic than the subjects of Queen Victoria, | who assemble in the Conciliation Hall of Dublin, | have to treat with Louis Philippe for the annexation | of Ireland to France. It is not enongh to tell us that the people of Texas are favorable to the proposed abduction. We have yet to learn who the people are,and what their opin- | ions are. All that Europe has yet seen are the re- | solutions of Hite thine men who style themselves “a Convention.” Whether they are absconded citizens of the United States, compulsory exiles from Ire- land, or expatriated Scotchmen, remains to be ex- plained. But as they are not natives of Texas,they must have a local standing semewhere, either in the inside or outside of a gaol. They cannot belong to two countries,any more than they can inhabit two. places at the same time. To treat with such per- sons for the transfer of property, is like an alder- man of London treating with thieves for ihe resto- ration of stolen goods. Indeed, it is worse than this; for the property never did belong to the United States, and hence they are in the position of crimi- nal receivers of goods which have been obtained by felonious means. : The cause of Mexico is, therefore, the cause of every just and honorable government in Christen- dom. England and France cannot look on in si- lence at this horrid detorcement and atrocity. Mex- ico may be the weaker power—the money borrowed from England and the debt repudiated, may be used in plundering a neighboring soil and oppressing a feeble people. But this makes the act more crimi- nal, and the cause of war by the invaded state more righteous. Mexico will be justified, in conformity EPTEMBER Ql, with Mr. Canning’s maxim of employing the resour- ces of the old world to redress the wrongs of the new—she will be justified in granting letters of marque to all the maritime states of Europe; and if this is done, as it is sure to be, what a capital hunt- ing field for sport will be the Irish Channel and the highways to Liverpool. One large liner per diem for six weeks would put New York in mourning, Baltimore in convulsions, and Boston on fire. We sincerely hope that these misfortunes will not hap- pen; but, if they do, the United States alone willbe to blame. In so unjust a warfare, the retribution must be equal to the offence. [From the Liverpool Mercury, Aug. 29.] Our readers are already award that the act of the ‘Texan Congress for merging the independence otf their Republic in the Amerizan Union was, on the 4th of July, definitively ratifitd by a convention of delegates of that population of land-jobbers, slave- drivers, lawyers, and nondescripts, which diploma- tic courtesy compliments with the title of “people of Texas.” Mexico has indignantly protested but it appears exceedingly doubtful whether her weakness and disorganization will allow of her expressing her resentment in active hostilities, the eflect of which would only be to invite further aggression. Large bodies of United States troops are Aespatshed to oc- cupy the military posts of the annexed territory, and a powerful United States fleet is in the Gulf of Mexi- co, in preparation for the emergency of war. Look- ing at the relative strength of the two powers, there can be no doubt that, whatever may be decided in the councils of Mexico, the annexation of Texas to the Republic of the “stars and stripes” is now, once for all, a fait accompli. Such is the consummation of one of the most ne- farious transactions recorded in modern history.— The United States government has now completed a series of as atrocious international frauds and in- juries as ever were veiled under the names and forms of diplomatic legality. It has all been done quite “regularly.” United States citizens “emigra- ted” to Texas, and there became Texan citizens and subjects of Mexico; and, as Texan citizens and Mexican subjects, they picked a quarrel with the Mexican government, got up an insurrectionary war, and carried on that war by the aid of bands of United States “ volunteers,” whose equipment the United States government proclaimed, in good set phrase, to be illegal. ‘They made themselves ‘‘inde- pendent,” and, as an independent State, they were, of course, at liberty to enter into any arrangements with an independent neighbor which they might think proper. All perfectly regular, and all inta- mously base and treacherous. The reality shows through all the disguises and pretences with which it is glossed over. A gang of United States land- sharks and ruflians, supported by the sympathies and alliance of slave owners and slave breeders, who wanta new market for their detestable traffic, and by the well understood countenance of their own overnment, have robbed a neighboring and friend- ly power of a valuable province. Two significant facts sufficiently explain the true character of the whole business. The insurgent force which struck the blow that finally severed Texas from Mexico, contained only fifty real Texan citizens; and of the sixty one delegates of the convention of the 4th Ju- ly, sixty were uatives of the United States. The ratification which the United States Govern- ment has now finally affixed offthe successful crime of a lawless herde of its own citizens, 1s an act which must have very important consequences. We do not pretend to predict these in any sort of detail ; but there can be no difficulty or uncertainty in that general prognosts, which is based on the na- tural and necessary laws of moral and political cau- sation. ‘The United States have now regularly em- barked in the career of aggression and robbery, and they will—sooner or later, in one shape or ano- ther—have to pay the penalty which nature and Providence award to the crimes of nations. ‘The seizure of Texas,” it was long ago predicted by Channing, ** will not stand alone ; it will darken our future history ; it will be linked by an iron necessi- ty to long-continued deeds of rapine and blood,” Of course the seizure of Texus will not stand alone. The spirit whieh has prompted the seizure of Texas will not be contented with Texas. California is an- nexed already, in purpose and intention—‘* the ac- uisition of California is in contemplation,” as the Neto York Morning Herald phrases it. Andby and by it will be the central provinces of Mexico, Ore- gon, of course—why not Canada ? though, to be sure, the same New York Morning Herald does sug- gest reasons why it would be unwise “ at present,” to “ talk of the annexation of Canada.” ‘The seizure of Texas will indeed “not stand alone.” — |t_ will react with a terribly retributive force on the character and institutions of the Ame- rican people. In becoming an aggressive, robber power, the United States must take care to be al- | ways ready with force to sustain its aggressions— that is, the United States must become a great mili- | tar fours If the Americans positively must and wil have “glory,” they will have to may the price | which glory costs in the old world. They will be | driven to maintain an immense and costly gull | establishment, on a scale utterly at variance with | the spirit, and, eventually, destructive of the forms | of liberty. The free institutions of the country of | Washington and Franklin are fit only for a people whose policy and habit is peace. This guilty success fay have consequences as re- gards the Union itself, little contemplated by the zealots of annexation and territorial aggrandisement Jt will badge North and South into political and moral | | collision. By giving new development and power to the most vicious and bac s and dangerous ot the “peculiar do- mestic institutions” of merica, it will widen a! schism, which has long been known to exist be- tween different sections of the Union. It has always been a cardinal point of policy with the North to maintain, in Congress, an equilibrium of free and , | would produce a general conflagration for the mere | tion 1845. e States. That equilibrium is now ¢estroyed.— he character, the patie the “glory” of the entire Union is now identified with an institution utterly abhorent to the deepest feelings of the best portion of the population in the older States. New England is a copher—a political and moral nonentity. The ae- scendants of the pllgnm fathers are out-voted and overruled—bound up with a policy which they de- | test. Whether the union of such States as Massa- | chusetts with such States as ‘Texas could long stand the strain and stress of any serious political casualty —such as a foreign war, growing out of the slavery | policy to which the Republic has now committed | itself—is a question which we think it would be rash to answer in the aflirmative. | The natural consequences of this public crime | may develope themselves slowly. It is possible, even, that the recent triumph of the war and slavery | party may produce a re-action sufficiently strong to enforce u pause for the present. But there can, we | conceive, be little doubt as to its tendencies—though | other and counter tendencies may operate to modily their action. If America has made up her ‘uind to “glory,” conquest, and territorial aggrandizement— “extension of the area of freedom,” as the New York Morning Herald calls it—she may get the glory, or she may not; but she will infallibly have to get rid of some of those political and civil liberties which are so troublesome a clog on the movements | of a military executive. If the Americans indulge the war spirit, and preserve their own domestic liberties intact, they will be the first people in his- tory that ever succeeded in combining the enjoy- ment of just and good government at home, with tyranny and lawlessness abroad. ‘The accounts from Mexico, via New Orleans, re- ceived by the Cambria, from which we have given copious extracts elsewhere, are sufliciently warlike, though it does not appear that a formal declaration of war, on the part of Mexico, had been actually issued, up to the time of the latest advices trom Vera Cruz ‘That Mexico has a most unanswerable casus beili against the United States, (if fraud, violeace, and robbery, be any justification of warfare between nations,) we have shown above ; but whether she will really go to war with her powerful and unscru- pulous neighbor must depend upon other considera- tions w! sly apart from the justice of her cause. We think it unlikely that any formal declaration of war has been issued, and also that if a war should really take place, it will be forced on by further and still more aggressive proceedings on the part of the United States, which may render it necessary for other nations to interfere. [From the London Economist, Aug. 30.] A war between Mexico and the United States, if circumstances do not draw other powers into the conflict, can have but a result unfavorable to Mexi- co. But the Mexican Government is so weak, so unable to act on the most prudent, if it should be an unpopular policy, and especially at this moment,j ust prior to the presidential election; and the popular feelings in Mexico upon this subject have already shown themselves so decidedly, that it must be con- sidered a matter of certainty that war will be de- clared. But when we look tothe resources of the country—torn up as it is with internal dissensions, and with rival parties, without treasure, with an ar- my barely sufficientto maintain domestic order, and with scarcely the name of a navy—and consider that such a country is to commence a war, which,though it should be and really is one of defence, would have all the disadvantages of one of aggression ayainst the United States, we can only gee an easy triumph ly at the same tim evalatoneiyatamts Meunnees. ne recognize: e rnme! BA land, then in the handsor the whign, se Now, it strikes us that Texas, in 1545, is precisely in the position that Linge was in 1830. The ag is, at this moment, as the latter was fifteen years ago—-a re- volted province. Mexico, the mother country, has not yet consented to the separation. Holland, the mother country, in the other case, had not assented to the sepa. ration, ¥ hen the independence of Belgium was recogni- sed by Hog lgne and France. What these two last named powers did for Belgium, they have also done for Texas. They have de facto recognized the independence of the latter, Let us, then, pursue the parallel a Itttle farther. Sup. pees, for instance, that Belgium, having shaken off the utch yoke, had proposed to incorporate herself wi and annex herself to, her powerful neighbor France. Would E) id, or any of the monarchies of Europe, have sanctioned that alliance ? Would they have allow- ed France to increase her power, and extend her domin- ion by a peaceinl compact, after all the money that hat been spent, and the blood shed, and the deso! ) Fuin, and wo inflicted upon the human race,for the sole object of chocking the ambition of Napoleon, confining France within her legitimate limits, and sect for her a firm, safe, and constitutional government? It is not probabil It would have been an act of suicide. It would have been act of suicide. It would have made their profes- sions of twenty years a mere mockery, and their princi- ples the essence of hypocrisy and fraud. Is it not apparent, then, that the governments of Eng- land and France stand in the same relation to Texas, as those of England and the northern powers of Euro) stood in relation to Belgium? To recognise the inde- pendence of Texas is one thing; to permit the cession of the Texan territory to al CEA tebe. and grasping, and unscrupulous republic, like that of the United States, is quite a different thing. Mexico is weak enough, with a revolted province on her northern frontier; but that weakness would be renderd more dangerous and pitia- ble, it her revolutionary citizens were armed with the rotection of a greater and overawing republic. It may Bethe policy of France, in the distribution of her favors, to give a preference to the United States, on the rule that what the republic gains we lose. ‘This, of course, is not English policy, The object of America is to monopolise, as much as she possibly can, the cultivation of cotton. She has also other views.— Slavery in the south is alarmed by the blasts from the north. There is a hollow sound coming over the billows of the Atlantic, anda still, small voice in the States of New England.’ Black men are permitted to walk on the shady siae of Broadway in New York. They are free men, too, by som licitous accident, which the cotton planter cannot understand. Hence the necessity of more slave influence in the Senate at Washington, more anti- emancipation votes in Congress, more resisting power to the approaching revolution. If the government of England should unhappily gi tacit consent, or no consent at all, but an unmeaning front to the annexation scheme, she will be guilt ofa lereliction of duty, and will expose herself to the charge of suppressing slavery with one hand, and encouraginy it with the other. The interests of the manufacturers of this country are decidedly in favor of the independence of Texas. Policy challenges the economy of the propos - ed union. The less we are dependent upon any one country for the supply of that important staple, cotton, the better for ourselves. The soil of Texas is fertile, and its agricultural products for manufacturing purposes are inexhaustible. In an independent position, her trade, her supplies, her consumption, would be invaluable to this country. Bound to us by favorable treaties, and lib- erally encouraged, she might, under our abrotective friendship, be placed in a mediatorial condition; and, availing herself of her locality, she might be the school- mistress of Mexico, and the parochial beadle of the United States. She would be a cooling draught to Eng- land between two fires, Annex her to the latter repub- lic, and she would be for ever swamped—a convenient bog, in which would be submerged the principles of lib- erty, light, and truth. jutthere is another point Who are the men in Texas tor the latter in the maintenance of its new posses- sions, however ill acquired. But here the mischref. willnot end. The Americans have already formed new and extensive designs of annexation. A war of defence of ‘Texas will easily become one of ag- gression on Mexico and California. The ease of the conflict with Mexico, the certainty of its result, and the hope of its leading to larger prizes, make such a war all but universally popular in the States. It is in this view chiefly that we look with the utmost alarm to the commencement of hostilities. If we believed that America would be content only to defend Texas, then would a declaration. of war be of little importance ; but the American mind is intoxicated with the passion for territory, and the opportunity which will be thus afforded for indulg- ing in that passion, 1s a matter of exultation to a large portion of the American press. ‘The extent of the power of Mexico to annoy or in- convenience the United States by issuing letters ot marque and reprisal, or by tampering with the slave population of the Southern States, we believe to be reatly exaggerated, and, therefore, we see no pro- Bability of anything but an uninterrupted train of in- glorious successes, on the part of the States, that will attend the conilict. Meantime, how stands the Oregon question — Success against Mexico will not temper the public and unreasonable demands with respect to Oregon. There is every reason to believe that the display of public feeling has already deterred the American cabinet from,proposing what it believed a fair com- promise, and less than which the English govern- ment may be considered pledged not to_accept—to settle the boundary by the 50th degree. That is now looked upon as beyond the power of any American cabinet to propose. [From European Times, Sept. 4] The recent warlike accounts from Mexico and the Unitea States have naturally excited much at- tention on this side of the water. Trading as we do extensively with both countries, this is not sur- prising. What Mexico can gain by a rupture with er powerful neighbors, it would puzzle a conjuror to conceive, Fight she cannot, and whatever turn matiers take, she cannot possibly be benefitted. A war between maritime nations 1s likely enough, at all times, to involve neutral powers ; for, when tight- ing is the order of the day, the chances are against the combat being confined to the original belliger- ents. The points involved in the dispute are daily criticised by the press of Europe, and, as sympathy generally enlists itself in favor of the weak, Meaico finds plenty of supporters—on paper. Mexico carry- ing on an aggressive warfare with the United States seems absurd enough, but unhappily the primary features of the Spanish character are obstinacy and pride—pride which is blind to a sense of its own weakness, and obstinacy that repudiates the doc- tine of probabilities. The fear is, that Mexico, weak, tottering, decrepid, may be silly enough to at- tempt to carry out her pompous threats; in whuch case, like the parturiens canis in “Phidrus,” she wil) soon cease to have a “local habitation and a name,” and be swallowed up by the antagonist she has provoked. California and Santa Fe are tempt- ing baits, and Jonathan, by an instinctive love of in- tecest, would stand pardoned, by his own read- ing ot the moral code, in laying violent hands upon them. “ The balance of power” was formerly a favourite theory with the soi-disant “ Holy Alliance” in Eu- rope, whose rulers, mutually jealous, dreaded the least accession of strength to the other. There are English publicists who desire to apply the same prineiple to the American continent, forgetting that the laws of nature ordain that the weaker shall be- come absorbed in the stronger race or cease to exist The Saxon blood which courses through American veins impels them to spread their power and their progeny; aud, if they do this without violating any of the conventional dogmas of civilization, who has aright to arrest them? Let those dnclined to do it at their peril? °Tis all very well to talk ot the spoli- ation involved in the Texas annexation ; but a gov- ernment which cannot rule its citizens, or punish their revolt, must ¢’en submit to the alternative of losing them. But, apart from the Mexican bone ot 5 who call themselves a convention of the people, and who, in the idle and absurd name of the people, with all the pomp and circumstance of unblushing quackery, give their solemn and profound assent to this act of an. nexation ! We believe, and we have reason to believe, for their names are published, that they number about fifty individuals—good men and wise they may be—but refugees, nevertheless, from the ited States, from Eng- land, Holland, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and other coun- tries. These conventionali: hundred square miles. Who the electors are, we yet to learn. These fifty odd me: territory theirown. By what righty it would be difficult toexplain. The lands they hold, or have apportioned amongst themselves, they certainly have never pur- chased, or, if purchased, have never paid for, and never intend to do. Inthese immaculate days, it would be, per- haps, deemed illiberal if we were to call them robbers. ‘The poor Indians have a name for it, which do not choose to translate. These men call themselves a re- public—an independent repnblic—but pray where are ihe citizens who constitute ublic ? For these reasons alone, we earnestly contend tha t England cannot with honor consent to thi and unjustifiable annexation. It may ha —the charm of young life, when fancy w and hope caublodaghet we Uelleved tsi 3) unrestrained land was the champion of the distressed and the injured all over the world. She, we were told, sent her thunder to ave crime. She sided with theweak against the strong and the lawless, and in her pride of equity threw her gauntlet in the face of her oppressor. It was a dream, we suspect, for whatever history may tell, we bave had no proofs or confirmation of the fact in ourtime. The United States lay claim to the whote of the American continent, Terra del Fuego to the North Pole, and we suppose they must have it all. In dealing with England, the most vigorous and successful speculators are those who have nothing to lose, money and credit in such cases being hindrances. If Texas is annexed ta the United States, we cannot s on the same grounds, 4 formidable reason cote Ire- land should not be so. The Popish priests would like it, because the ignorance of America is sympathetic with her notions of civil and religious liberty. The United States, we are glad to say, is working double tides to spectable and creditable reputation ; and there are hopes that the ‘drab colored population” of Phila- delphia will ultimately pay their debts. But for a quiet and reflecting man to think that a pecuniary easiness is to be caused by the capture of the Texan territory, is a matter that produces, and must produce, painful ideas. Our last word is, that if Lord Aberdeen assents to tl dictum of Sir Robert Peel, that Texas must be surren- dered to the United States, we shall, as Canning said, cover the union jack with ‘crape, and hide our sorrows and ourtears in chambers dim, or in old and umbrage- ous bowers, known only to the owl and the bat. The Progress of Queen Victoria In Germany. The visit of Her Majesty to Germany continues to create great excitement amongst our continental shbors. The enthusiastic welcome which she has received in all quarters must be highly gratifying to her Majesty and her Royal Consort. € are not about to lay before our readers a lengthened descrip- tion of the various places through which her Majes- ty passed, accompanied with a circumstantial detail of all that occurred to her, the illustrious persons that were presented to her, the remarkable scenes she visited, W&c.; there is necessarily such a same- ness about a royal journey after the first day or two has passed, that to do so would be entailing a deal of trouble on ourselves, without at the same time contributing much to the gratification or amusement of our readers. We shall, theretore, glance briefly over the scenes in Germany for the last week, or at least up to the last day, of which we have received intelligence. ‘ Mayence, Saturday Evening, August 16.—It was about half-past eleven to-day that the lowering of the royal standard, which for the last two days was waved from Stoizenfels, announced that the royal party had left the chateau to repair on board. The King of Prussia and his suite, accompanied the (Queen and Prince Albert to the Fairy. He then took farewell of them, and returned on shore, while the yacht amid the cheering of the multitude and tiring of artillery, was set in motion, and proceeded up the Rhine. As long as she remained in sight from the bank below tne castle, the King stood upon the beach waving his handkerchief. ‘The finest sce- nery of the Rhine lies between Coblentz and May. ence. The rocks rise more precipitously from the stream, their forms are bolder, their outlines more irregular, the ravines narrower, darker, and bolder contention, there are other matters that vex men’s souls connected with what goes by the name ot “American aggrandizement.”” Foremost is the Ore- gon affair, respecting which meetings appear to have been held in the United States, to induce the gov- ernment to annex the disputed territory, without waiting for the results of negotiation. The brutum fulmen in the western hemisphere is referred to by parties on this side as a proof‘of the want of princi- ple which pervades the whole American people, but such wholesale assumption is, it is clear, wide off the mark. Amongst the really eniighiened and pa- triotic portion of Americans, a policy so outrageous can huve few advocates. The Oregon waste is hardly worth, certainly not worth, fighting for; but such @ seizure, suns eeremonie, would speedily bring the matter to blows. [tis a question altogether dit- nt ia its Character and results trom the dispute with Mexico. Bat people here, who express opin- ions on such matters, forget, in the case of others, what is daily happening amongst themselves—that there are always to be found in free countries reck- less bidders for popularity, who out-herod Herod by their extravagance and folly—mauvars sujets, who wantonness and tun of witnessing the blaze. {From the Liverpool Mail, August 23.) We are anxious to learn what part the governments of England and France will take in the proposed annexa- fexas to the United States of America, We are not of those who would dispute the right of a nation, or an united people, to choose their own form o government, or to prefer the protection of one neighbor. ing power before another, Still there are limits to the rule, well known to the erudite and international law. Fer instance; the people and territory of Belgium were incorporated with the kingdom of Holland, by the great treaty of Vienna, conciuded at the termination of the French war. Under this treaty, King William was re- as the sovereign of the United Netherlands. In owever, or thereabonts, the people of Belgium re- and raised the standard of independence. ‘This independence was instantly recognized by France, then, than below; while the number of ruined feudal for- tresses, with their grey battered walls, looking as if what had once been the summut of the rocks had been hewn into castles—these robber-holds of yore ; are met with in far greater numbers than along the lower portions of the river. Vast military prepara- tions had also been made. Mayence is the capital of the Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt, but itis garri- soned by Prussian and Austrian troops. ‘There are, indeed, I believe, upwards of 10,000 soldiers of the twocountries at this moment at Mayence. The greater portion of these troops were. drawn up round and in the qnadrangle of the Government House, the blue uniforms of the Prussians, and the white of their Austrian friends, varying the brown masses of the people crowded around. At 6 o’clock her Majesty and the Prince, accompanied only by their own suite, landed. As usual, cannon thunder- ed and music played. Besides the guns on the for- tifications, a troop of light horse artillery banged iway, and not a little streamer on the river, but had her crack out of her couple or so ot rusty pop-guns. The disembarkation was the work of a moment. Her Majesty quickly disappeared from vulgar eyes beneath the portals of the government house, and the crowd which had collected allowed the march of the military as they filed off to their various bar- racks. Her Majesty and the Prince were received by Prince Williamot Prussia, the Governor of May- ence. The royal party did net, however, stay lon; at the official residence, but proceeded to the Hote de l'Europe, where sleeping apartments had been prepared tor them. The hotels here are very hand- some, and that selected by the (Queen is one of the most magnificent, a fine white range of buildings looking towards the river. Sunpay.—The Queen was fatigued after her voy- age upthe Rhine yesterday, and remained during the whole of the early part of this day at the Hotei de Europe. The royal cari were in attend- ance to convey her Majesty and suite to any part of the city or its vicinity she might express a wish to