The New York Herald Newspaper, December 28, 1844, Page 1

T HE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. X., No, 359—Whole Ho, 3060. NEW YORK, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 28, 1844. Letters from the Oregon Territory. [Correspondence o1 the Herald.) Linntan, Orscon, 1844. The fisheries of this country are immense. Fore- most among all the fish of this, or any other coun- try, istheealmon. Of the numbers of this fish taken annually, in the Columbia river and ite tributaries, it would be impossible to state. They have been esumated at ten thousand barrels anpually, which I think is not-too large. The salmon is a beautiful fish, long, round and plump, weighing generally about twenty pounds, very fat, and yet no food of any kind is ever found in the stomach. What they eat no one can tell, Sir Hamphrey Davy supposed that the gastric juice of the salmon was so power- ful as instantly to dissolve al] substances entering the stomach. The salmon in thie country is never caught with the hook ; but they are sometimes ta- ken by the Indians with small scoop nets, and gen- erally with asort of spear, of very peculiar con- struction, and which I will describe. They ‘ake a pole, made of some hard wood, say ten feet long and one inch in diameter, gradua}ly sharpened to @ pointat one end. They then cut off a piece from the sharp prong of a buck’s horn, about four inches long, and hollow out the large end of this piece #0 that it fits on the end of the pole. About the mid- dle of the buck-horn they make a hole, through which they put a small cord or leather string, which they fasten to the pole about two feet from the lower end. When they spear a fish, the spear passes through the body, the buck-horn comes off the pole, and the pole pulls out of the hole made by the spear, but the buck-horn remains on the oppo- site side ot the fish, and be is held fast by the string, from which it is impossible to escape. All the salmon caught here are taken by the Indians, and sold to the whices at about ten cents each, and fre- quently for less. One Indian will take about twen- ty per day upon an average. The salmon taken at Sifereut points vary greatly in kind and quality, and it is only at particular es that they can be taken. The fatest and best salmon are caught at the mouth of the Columbia; the next best are those taken in the Columbia, a few below Vancou- vers, at the Cascades, and at te Dalles. Those taken at the Wallamette Falls ave smaller and in- ferior, and are is singular, th’ h 1 erable numbers, with large seines. This fish shy and too active to be thustsken. I believe no white man has yet succeeded in taking them with the gig. The salmon make their appearance in the vicinity of Vancouver, first ia the Klackemus ‘The best salmon aretaken in June. The sturgeon ia @ very large fish, caught with a hook and line, and isgood eating. ‘They are taken in the Walla: mette, below the Falls, and in the Columbia at all points, and in Snake river ashigh up as Fort Baise. Navigation.—As I have before stated, the uavi- gation of the Columbia is good to the Ialles, with the exception of the Cascades. The river near the ocean 1s very wide, forming bays, and is subject te high winds, which render the navigation unsafe for small craft. The difficulties at the mouth of the river will rapidly diminish asthe business increases, and they have ygaler lois and steam tow boats. Ships pss up the Wallamette some fi above Linntan, where there is a bar; but small ships goup higher, and to within seven or eight asilee of the Falls. Above the Falls, the Wal mette is navigable for steamboats about fifty miles Tom Hill river is navigable for canoes and keel. boats up to the forks, the distance I cannot say.— The navigation ot this, the first section, is much berter than that of the second section Water Powgr.—The water power of this coun- try 1s unequalled, and is found distributed through- out this section. The water power at the Falls ot the Wallamette cannot be surpassed in the world. Any qnantity of machinery can be put in motion. » Bat the good water power is uot confined tothe ‘Wallamette Falla. Every where on the Columbia and Wuliamette rivers there are mill sites as good, but not so large as the Falls. Most of the mill sites im this country are overshots. But we have re only the finest water power, but we have the nest Timeer.—The timber of this section of Oregon constitutes One main source of its wealth. It is found 19 inexhaustible quantities on the Columbia and on the Wallamette, just where the water pow- er is at hand to cut it up, and where ships can take it on board. The principal timber of this section ie the fir, white cedar, white oak and black ash. There are three kinds of fir, the white, yellow and red, all of them fine timber for plank, shinj boards, and rails. The white fir makes the shiogies. The fir is a species of the pine, grows very tall and straight, and stands very thick upon the ground. Thick as they stand upon the ground, when you cut one it never lodges, for the reason, this timber never forks, and the limbs are too small to stop.a falling tree. Youcan find them in the vi- cinity of Liontan, from eight feet diameter to small saplings; aud the tallest of them will measure about 225 teet. Ta the Cascade mountains and near the mouth of the Columbia river they rise to the height of 300feet. The fir splits exceedingly wel!, aud makes the finest boards of any timber 1 have ever seen. I cut one tree from which I sawed 24 cuts of three foot boards, and there are plenty of such trees all around me, yet untouched. The whiie cedar is a very fine timber, nearly if not quite equal to the red cedar inthe States. The wild animals of this the first section of Oregon, are the black bear, black tailed deer, rac- coon, panther, polecat, rabbit, wolf, beaver, and atew others. Deer and wolves ae plenty. We have no buffaloes, antelopes, or prairie chickens here,sut in the second section prairie chickens are plenty. As tor birds, we have,the bluejay, snag than the jay of the States, ‘and deep bine e have also the nut brown wren,a most beautiful and gentle jittle bird, very litle larger than the hum- ming bird. Also, wfpreies of bird which resem bies the robin in form, color and size. Also, a bird that sings the hivelong night; but although I have heard them often, I have never seen one. The bald eagle, so well described by Wilson, is here found all along the rivers, but he has here to catch his owa game, as there are no fisnhawks to do it forbim. The eagle here feeds cence upon the dead salmon that float downthe rivers, for you Qre aware, perhaps, that out of the myriads of sal- mon that asvend the rivers of Oregon, not one ever war pack to the ocean. They are never ound swimming down stream, but their last effort d so feeds upon wild 1 follows: He darts at the duck while in the water, and the duck dives, but av soon as he rises to the surface, the eagle, having turned himself, strikes at the duck again, andthe duck again dives. This manauvre the eagle vontinues until the duck becomes tired, when the eagle nabs him just as he rises to the top of the water. The duck seemsto be afraid to at- tempt escape upon the wing. We have also phea- sants very abundant, and they are most excellent eating. Like old Ireland itself, there are no poi- sonous reptiles or insects in this rection of Oregon The only snake isthe small harmless garter snake, and there are no flies to annoy the cattle. Mounrains.—We have the most beautiful scene- ty io North America—the largest ocean, the purest nod most beautiful streams, and loftiest and moet beautiful trees. The several peaks ot the Cascade range of mountains are grand and imposing ob- jects. From Vancouver you have a fair and full view of Mount Hood, perhaps the tallest peak of the Cascades, and which rises nearly sixteen thou- sand feetabove the level of the Pacific,and ten thou- sand above the surrounding mountat This lofty ile rises up by itself, and 1s in the fi of aregu- jar cone, covered with perpetual snow. This is the only peak you can see from Vancouver, as the view is obscured by the tall firtimber. At the mouth of the Wallamette, as you enter the Colum- bie, you have a view of both Mount Hood and St.Helens. From Linntan you have a ve- PA fair and fall view of Mouot St Helens, about fty miles Maye but it looks as if it was within reach. This peak is very smooth, and in the form of a regular cone, and nearly, if not quite, as Mount Hood, and also covered with per enow. This mountain is now a burning vo It commenced about a year since. The cr ou the side of the mountain, about two-thirds the disiance from, us base. This peak,like Mount Hood, iands far off and alone, im its soliiary grandeur, rising far, far above all surrounding objects. On the 16.1 bebruary,1844, being a beautitul and ciear day, the mountain burned most mugnificently. The dense masses of smoke rose up in one im- mense column, covering the whole crest of the mouutain inclouds. Like otfer volcanoee, it burns atimervals This mountain is second to but one volednic monntain in the world, Cotapaxi, in Soush Ameiica, Oa the side of the mountain, near ite sa larze alack object, amidst the white pure around it. This is supposed to be the mouth of a large cavern, From Indian accounts, this Mountain emitted a volume of burning lava, about the time it first commenced burning, Au Indian cane to Van couver with his foot and leg badly burut, who stated that he was on the side of the Map of Oregon Territory, mountain hunting deer, and he came to a sfteam of something running down’ the mountain; and when he attemptet to jump across it, he fell with one foot into it; and that was the way in which he got his foot and leg burned. This Indian came to the Fort to get Dr. Hekate A to administer some remedy to cure foot. From a point on the mountain immediately back of Liantan, you can see five peaks of the Caecade ra: from the Atlla to Dr. Whitma: tinctly see Mount Hood at the distance of about 150 miles. ‘A _Curmate.—The climate of this, the lower sec- tion of Oregon, is, indeed, most mild. The winter may be said tocummence iu about the middle of December, and end in February, about the 10th. I saw ‘strawberries in bloom about the first of cember last inthe Fallatry Plains, and as early as the 20 eter etd the flowers were blooming on the hill sides. he @racs has now been growing since about the 10h February, and towards the end of that month the trees were budding and the shrubbery in bioom. About the 26ih of Novem- ber, we had a spell ot cold weather and a slight saow, which was gone in a day ortwo. In the month of December we had very lit- tle snow, and it melted as it fell. In Junuary we had a great deal of snow, which all melted as it fell, except one, which melted in three days. The ground has not been frozen more than one inch deep the whole winter, and gongbing has been done throughout the winter an The iok with which | now write, has stood glass inkstand, on a shelf, far from the fire, in a house with’ only boards nailed on the cracks, during the whole month of January, and has not been frozen, as you way see trom its good color. As regard: rains in the winter, I have found them much less troublesome than I anticipated. I had supposed that bo work could be done here in the rainy sea- son; but a great deal more out-door work can be done inthe winter season than in the western States. The rains fall in very gente showers, and are generally what you term drizzling rains, so light that a man can work all day without getting wet through a blanket coat. The rains are not the cold, chilly rains that you have in the fall and spring seasons in the east, but are warm as well as gentle. Since { have been here, I have witnersed less wind than in any country I have ever been in; and I have heard no thunder, and only seen one tree that had been struck with lightning. If the tall timber we have here were in the Statee, it would be riven and blown down, until there would not be many trees left. The rains are never hard enough here to wash the roadsor the fields. You can find no gullies washed in the roads or fields in this region. CommenciaL ApvantagEs.—I consider the com- mercial EL rg a of this country as very great. The trade with the Sandwich Islands is daily in- creasing. We are here surrounded with a half civilized race of men, and our manufacturing power will afford us the means ot creating a home market besides. South Americ; \dwich Islands, and California, must depend upon us for their lumber. Already large quanti- ties of shingles and plank, are sent to the (slands. We shall always have a fine mar- ket for all our surplus; but, until this coun- Ed is settled, we shall have ademand at home. ‘cet of the vessels visiting the Pacific, touch at the Sandwich lelands, and they will be glad to ob- tain fresh supplies of provisions there. Tne Rus- sian settlements must also obtain their supplies here. We have China within our reach, and all the {slands of the Pacific. There can be no competi- tion with us in the way of provi: as_we have no neighbors in that line. I consider Oregon as superior to California. The climate of that coun- try is too warm for mento have any commercial enterprize. Besides, in California, pork and beet cannot be put up; and consequently, the grazer looses half his profits. For a commercial and manufacturing people, the climate ot Oregon is warm enougi Wecan here preserve our pork and beef, and we have more fine timber than they have in California, and better water power, ana ouths they have there. I do not wish a warmer climate than this. A very warm climate enervates mankind too much’ Towns—Thie is a new item in the geography of this country, and one that I have never seen before. But of late towns have become quite common. As all the towns yet laid out in the country are upon the water, I shall begin at the mouth of the Colum- ‘bia, and came upwards. First, there is old Astoria revived, Capt. Applegate and others are now lay- ing offa town at old Astoria, to be called Astoria. They have not yet sold any lots. Next is Linntan, laid off by Burnett and McCown. place is on the west bank of the Wallamette river, four miles above its mouth, and he ne jt point river to the Fallatry Plains, and the neare: point to the head ef ship navigation for sels on the Wallamette. Next in order city, laid out by Dr. McLaughlin, at the F this place there are four stores, two saw mille, one grist rill, and there will soon be another built by the Docior to contain about three run of stones. There is quite a village here. The last town | shall mention 1s Champoe, on the Wallamette, at the head of navi do not know that any lots ‘as yet been sold at that place. ee of all kinds done 1n the Territory is very ind times are ishing. Lazy men have become industrious, as there 1s no drinking or gambling here among the whites; and labor meets with such ready employment and such ample re- ward, that men have more inducements to labor here than elsewhere. This is, as yet, no country for lawyers, and we have the most peaceable and quiet community in the world. echanics find read hy ber sie well as ordinary laboring ands. Farming is considered the best business in this country. Tnis may be eeen at once from the ices ot , and i's easy production. The usiness of making and putting up butter, which is. here never worth Je-s than twenty cents, is very profitable. Good fresh butter, I em told 18 never worth lees than fifty cents, and often one dollar per pound in the Pacific Islands. There are now in operation, or will be this summer, mills enough to supply the population with flour. There are several milla, both saw and grist, in operation up the Wallamette, above the Scarcity of provieions.at the pri- 4 faile. There is no ces I have stated; and I find that ouremigrants who came out Jast year, live quite comfortably, and have certsinly improved much in their appea When an individu! here has any idle time he can make shingles, which are worth four doliars tor fir aod five dollars per thousand for cedar. Any quan- tity of them can be sold at those rates. ¢ have the finest spar timber perhaps in the world, and vessels often take off Sgeaatity of timber for . The saw mills at the Wallamette Falls, cut ‘arae quantities of plank, which they sell at two dollars per hundred. Carpenters and other mechanics CAN’ pe ah st LINE obtain three dollars per day and found, and ordi- nary hands one dollar per day and found. The fir timber of this country makes excellent coal fer blackemiths; and what is singular, neither the fir nor cedar, when burned, make auy ashes. Ithas been supposed that the timbered land of this country will be hard to clear up, but I have come to a very different conclusion, from the fact that the fir tim- ber has very little top, and is easily killed, and burns 9 readily It also becomes seasoned very soon. itis the opinion of good farmers, that the timbered land will be the best wheat Jand inthis country. P. H.B. Opinions of the French Press on the Blec- tion of Mr. Polk, {From the “Constitutionnel ”] In America, whena political idea which has been the watchword of a party, has met with a clear op- posites from the majority, ite partisans do not hesitate to sacrifice it, and seek a new one toserve them as a standard, as well as a man to act as the Apostle and defender of this new idea. When Mr. Adams had been defeated by General Jackson, the whigsleft aside both their old Chief and the N tional Bank, in whose defence he had fallen; it was then that Mr. Clay took his place in the front rank, bringing with him the bill for the distribu- tion of the public lands, and the T: bill. Now the whigs are travelling in search of a man to re- present themin 1848, and as to the fundamental priagiple of the party they will borrow it from their defeat. Those who have just overthrown Mr Clay, are the foreign population, and the whigi de- mand the reform ot the naturalization laws in or- der to expel the foreigners trom the ballot box — ‘Thus the whigs will become the National Ameri- can party, and already claim the title; not that they repudiate their ancient doctrines, and old pro- jects—they only place them in the second rank ; and the principle upon which they will attempt to overcome the majority, is a reform in the laws of naturalization, ‘We must not found over sanguine hopes on the election of Mr. Polk. Apparently his accession to office is to be followed by a complete change in the commercial polity of the Union. One man has no such power in the United States. The President is powerless without the Congress; and as ead as the Congress remains as it is, we are not to look for any modification American policy. The whigs have, in fact, 2 considerable majority in the Senate, and the Senate being sovereign ip such caser, they will reject every alteration of the tariff, as they rejected the treaty recently the Zoll Verein. Perhaps, however, surplus in the treasury, Mr. Polk may be able to procure an abatement of the duty upon some articles ; but he will take care not to demand any important modifications, as the States of New York and Pennsylvania, which have just given him his majority, are the most interested in the maintenance of the tariff as it is, and the most ar- dent to step forth in its defence. Whatever other modifications in the tariff Mr. Polk may succeed in ol their object will be to appease the demands oft south, whose policy is to rear and clothe their slaves cheaply— they will operate upon the productions of English omen much more poealy than upon the arti- cles of luxury and costly rics exported from France into the United States. Engiand, there- fore, will be far a greater gainer thereby than we. It is hardly more probable that the fereign policy of the Union will undergo a change. The southern States, which are the most violent for the destruction of the tariff, demand from every quarter considerable reduction in the land and naval forces, in order to reduce expenses as much as possi and to expose by facts the inu- rility of the tariff’; and it is not by a reduction irmaments, that evidence is given of contemp! ing a war with England. The nomination, there- fore, of Mr. Polk can no farther modify the pre- sent state of sffairs, than in proportion’ as the whigs at the next election, lose their majority in the Senate. Until then, affairs will remain very much in statu quo. Mr. Polk is but the nominal ehief of the government, the Congress is the real governor. {From the “ Presse.”] Tt is of little interest to us, that a certain party appears to have some ideas similar to those we de- fend in France, if its conduct tends to jeopardize the interests of France. Every otner party, even should its opinions be opposed to ours, shall have by preference, our sympathy, ‘provided its foreign policy tends by some mysterious complication of politics, to serve the cause whose triumph we above all thi desire. Liberals, absolutists, whigs and radicals, are terms to which we attach bat a very secondary interest. What are those whose tendencies would prove useful to us? What are those whose operation would be injurious ? These are the questions which touch us far more strongly. In this view, then—the only rational view to take of ‘oreign relatious—we will say, that the failure of Mr. Clay, the whig, causes us noregret. Whig as he was, he did not for that the less ardently work, to cause the American Union to adopt a tariff system, from whose operation many great interests in France have suflered pro- foundly. Had he succeeded to the Presidency, there is no doubt that thissystem would have been maiatained, and perhaps aggravated. Now, trank- ly speuking, we are very glad that Mr. Cley and his school have met with disaster, since from that disaster there may spring at no distant period, a modification of their economy advantageous for our country. Mr. Polk, the President elect, ap. ars disposed to curtuil the tariff, of which we veto complain. He has even given pledges to that effect to his own party. Mr. Polk, although he is a radical, is, therefore, the most welcome for us. (From the “ Siecle.”] That which gives to the election of Mr. Polk a great gravity, 18 being the most energetic ex- ression of that party who desire the annexation of ‘exas and the colonization of Oregon, even at the risk of a war with Eogland We do not think that the struggle will commence immediately or inevi- tably. Both nations have motives to adjourn it, if not avoid it, whose strength will be felt in propor- tion to the approach of the crisis. Besides, the new President of Texas, without being absolutely opposed to annexation, preters the independence ot his country, it he can obtuin the countenance of France and England. Now the last named power could not hesitate between a rupture with W co and one with the United States An anvexauon ir, then, may be avoided by granting \o Tex security, the absence of which has. engen- dered a desire tor incorporation with the United States. The Oregon question will, it is true, re- main, but its solution is susceptible of delay. Jone- than and John Bull may threaten each otner a long time, yet without coming to strokes. Nevertheless, , Accompanying Dr. Duncan’s Bill of Occupation. by the election of Mr. Polk the chances of a war have considerably augmented, and France must take that contingency into prompt and very serious consideration. i a As it regards the Tariff, we must guard against illusions. We believe that the U_ States have pre- maturely entered into the protective system. The Federal revenue has augmented beyond the ex- penditure, therefore that state of things appear to us the most favorable for a return to more moder- ate duties ; and the interest of England, accerding with ours in this particular, we have no diplomatic difficulty to tear. However, we dont‘expect much more from Mr. Polk than Mr. Clay—from the de- mocrats than the whigs. The United States tore- ace that one day or other England will seek her supply of cotton in India ; ‘then what will we do with ours,” say they, ‘tif we have uot in the North manufactories capable of consuming the products of the South. We require a great internal market —and this market we can create only under the regime of protection, This theory, like all the theories in the world, may err in exuggeration,and as all nations begin precisely by pushing principles to extremes, it is not provable that the Americans will consent, without a long experience, to reform their tariff within just limis. We have to ask it from them, and that with despatch, bat not counting too much on immediate success. Here there isa great political fault to uvoid. |» a naval war the superiority 1s on our side, if we have the United States with us. That i+ a thought that shouldever be presgnt with us, when we negociate on any matter whatever with the Union, Let us defend our commercial iuterest with firmness, but uponthe Texas question, and that of the Tarif, let us not mix our affairs up with those of Grea! Hritain. The Engliah, in every struggle, Naval or Continental, are ourenemies, the Americans our friends—let us never forget that. This leads us to state our opinion on the proba- ble consequencesof the election of Mr. Polk. We believe the greater portion of French journals have attached an intereatto it it does not possess. It was the democrats who administered the govern- ment under Mr. Tyler; itis the democrats who are to do so with Mr. Polk ; there will not, there- fore, be any sudden revulsion in politics. We do not think any decisive measure has been taken either in relation to Texas, nor Oregon, nur in re- lation to the tariff. The statw quo will be imposed upon the new administration. The real power re- sides in the hands of Congress, and as long as that remains as it is—that is two years from thie—the efforts of Mr. Polk will be paralyzed. In the House of Representatives there has always been a strong majority in favor of the actual tariff, whilst the whig influence, which prevai s in the Senate, will repel Mr. Polk’sfforts in favor of annexation with double energy—first, for the purpose of satisfying their resentment; and again, because in the pre- sent composition of the Senate resides the only power that remains in their party. a The opposition of the whigs to annexation and to the repeal of the tariff, will not be the only things the new administration will encovnter. It has re-united a imojority only by a sort of compro- mise between divers factions of the democratic party, and the discord will not fail to burst forth over the division of the spoils. Mr. Polk, whose character is very honorable, who has been Gover- nor of Tenngssee and President of the Senate, [Speaker of the House] and who, consequently, is possessed of business hubits, is a man of great good sense, and true firmness; but perhaps he is not entirely te to his pos.tion. Every thing, then, leads to the belief that Mr. Calhoun, whos: friends have c ‘ibuted powerfully to the election as Secretary of State— and he will want all his ability to emerge from the difficulties which encompass him. The election ef Mr. Polk shows above all, how much superior are the doctrines of a party to the influence of men Mr. Van Buren and Mr Case _were, personally, far more cherished by the demo- cratic party than Mr Polk; they would have brought to it a greater dignity, and greater talents ; but they were both immolated on the altar of the common cause. But, if the democrats have not hesitated to sacrifice to Mr. Polk, the most emi- nent of their party, the States—even those which have elected him—will never sacrifice te him their general interests. [From the ‘* Commerce.”] In France, people are, indulging in the strangest illusions upon the opinions expressed by, and the spirit which animates the great political parties oF the United States. Most frequently they are judg- ed of by the names they bear. Between them and the parties which e: amongst us an imagina brotherhood 16 established. It is in that way that the editors of the Jowrna! des Debats have, for a long time, recognized Mr. Clay asthe champion of their doctrines. On the other hand, the National says yesterday —“‘the election of Mr. Polk is the triumph of the principles we defend.” It a be affirmed that such language would astonish the whigs of Ameri- ca_as much as the democrats The whig party has, without doubt, a certain tendency to restrain the action of the masses, and on the contrary, the democratic party inclines to leave it unrestrained. But it will be seen that be- tween two opinious the difference must be slight, which both admit in theory and practice, the dog- ma of the sovereignty ot the people. What droll conservatives they are whose movements are con- formed to universal suffrage ! In what, then, do the two great American par- ties chiefly differ from each other? In a pot which has no apalogy in our local politics. They are disputing upon the question as to wiether the federal government shall have more power, or the individual States more independence. In tracing their tendencies, the first would lead to making the Americans one and the same people ; whilst, according to the other, the independence of each of the States comprising the Union should main- taio itselt and increase. Such is the real field of battle upon which theee two parties meet. Now, observe how doubtful is the similitude between names One of the principal features of the demo- gel dg France—ackunowledged by itself —is to wish the strongestand most centralized national governinent possible ; everything which can tend nearly or remotely towards federalism i repugnant to it. What it admires is the omnipotence of the Convention’; the independence of localities has not a greater enemy. On the contrary, the principal trait of the demo- party of the United States is its immeasur able abuodance 10 tederal principles ; its con'inu- ous efforts to secure the predominance of local goveromente over the central one, and its inces- sant abs raction from the lust cf some one of the weak prerogatives given it by the constitution ; 80 that if it were required to compare the party repre- aented by the National in France, to one of the two American parties, it must be confessed that in its doctrines and governmental tendencies it much more resembles the whigs which it combats, than the democrats, whose Sisapn it celebrates. That is what every American will admit. Now, what interest should France take in the respective fortunes of these two great parties. It is here necessary to distinguish caretully between two things; the permanent and habitual interest of the country and its momentary aud incidental interest. In a general wav it may be said that France is interested in the firm union of America in all its parts, and in its becoming one single peo- ple cted by ove government alone. But trom the momeat such a nation existed on the opposite borders of the Atlantuc, it would become, #8 4 na- tural result, for us an efficient ally, and for Eog- land a dangerous rival. It is incoutestible that such is the tendency of the principles of the shige In consequence of circumstances invisible in the priociples, it happens that the democratic party 18 disposed to adopt a more liberal policy than ‘the whigs in relation to the tariff, and a firmer atti- tufe towards the English, particularly in all con- nected with slavery. Now it is true that we have precisely at present, an abatement of the tariff to demand from the American government, and ques- tions ot treaties, and the right of visit, to arrange with the English. The advent then of the demv- cratic power to office, is therefore usetul to us. _{From the ‘ National.”) In present circumstances, this choice is extreme- ly important. The accession ot the democratic party to office, may lead to new complexity im_the already very embarrassing relations between Eng- land and America ; 80 we arein no way surprised that at the first news of the election of Mr. Polk, the English press, particularly the Times, have set up a cry of alarm. The questions pending between the two countries assume an unfavorable shape for our neighbors. The hope of seeing a moderate tariff increasing the outlet for English fabrics will not counterbalance the auxiety that Texas and Oregon give Great Britain ; Asfor us, who never had any other desire than to see the Unitea States augment, under the em- pire of their institutions, their internal prosperity, and to strengthen with France the cords of an al- liance, in conformity with the interests of the two peovles we hail with joy the election of Mr. Polk. in our view, hie election is the triumph of the prin- ciples we detend, and we believe that our couatry has everything to gain as they predominate on the other side of the Atlantic. E " However restrained the functions of the Presi- dent may be by the Constitution, it has a vast ac- tion and sure preponderance in their foreign policy. in a word—Mr. Polk possesses all the qualities es sential, all the opinjons necessury, to make an ex cellent President, and worthily continue the hou- orable traditions of those of his predecessors who belonged to the democratic party. So itis judged by its friends, and we are sure the future will not belie our hopes and their predictio (From the “ Revue de deux Mondes.”} _ Mr. Clay had the glory to procure the adoption, in epite of the new administration, the billon the revenue of public lands aud protective tanff ‘These two measures have had the effect a lowing up the deficit—of immediately dis ing the public debt, of reviving national indusiry, and drawing it out of a dangerous crisis. Every one in the United States 1s now prosperous, and the treasury contains a surplus revenue of more than fifty millioas [ot francs] ; but now that the ecircula- 100 is restored, and puvlic credit re-animated, the necessity of a National Bank is not so much telt as before; and Mr. Clay, in assuming, through com placence to his friends, the detence of a like insti- tution, has estranged from him all those who re- gard it as dangerous to liberty. Ole Bull, and Impartial Critictsm. To tur Epitor or 1H& New Yoru Heratp:— _ Siz :—In your paper ot Thureday my attention was drawn to a lengthy communication, edito rially termed ‘fa very wntgue review and criticism ot Oe Bull as a composer and an artist”—written, as you rm your readers, by a foreign gentleman of great tnste and gemius, base cis not my intention to dispute his title to both taste and genius, or even to sound musical judg ment, premising only, that if possessed of the lat- ter, the sad jumble ot contradictions and misstate- ments contained 10 his elaborate communication, inust emanate from a similar spirit to that, whieh from the commencement, has actuated the French clique, in attempting an opposition es futile as ma- liguant, to Ole Buli’s success. To prove this, let me hope that you will allow me a briet space in your valuable columns. : I will pase over the ineults offered by this foreign gentleman to the judgment of the American peo- ple, in telling them that their patronage of Ole Bull is a proof of their ignorance; because, says he— “Musicians are nearly all against him; partly out of Jeslousy, partly from eenviction.” Nor wiil [dwell on the compliment paid by him to au orchestra, composed of the best performers, native and foreign, to be found in New Yor How far his unmerited attack wil injure them in the estimation of the public, is not for me to judge; I will, theretore, pass to the misstatements more particularly relating to Ole Bull, to which [ have before alluded. Alter quite « poetical deseripuon of the opposition met with by Ole Bull, from mu sicians, daring his European career, he proceeds— “Ole Bulls concerts in Europe were attended with diffrent and indifferent success. In Prague, Berlin, Hamburg, snd England, he was well received; in Vienna, France, and other places, he comparatively tuiled” A few words will be sufficient to show what de- pe dence should be placed on this veracioue wri- ter’sasreruoos In Vienna, Ole Bull gave fifieen consecutive concerts, receiving nightly from over- flowing audiences, composed of the élite of the court and capital, the most flattering testimonials ot applause. This then is comparative failure! Asto “the other places” alluded to where his suc- cess was only partial—your correepondent leaves the public to guees—which, as he is so well in- formed, is rather ungenerous. He cannot have meant Italy, where during a sojourn of two yeare, Ole Bull’s success was unexampled. Neither can he have alluded to his visits to Russia, Poland, Finland, Hungary, Sweden, and Denmark, in all of which places his career was one of triumph, Where then are “ the other places?” Again, he goes on— ‘In Pesth, he met Vieoxtemps. Rival factions quor- relled there too, but there was no blood shed.” This last is really a piece of information new to the public, esveciaily to those who are aware that those artistes never met in Pesth. Vieuxtemps’ v sit being made when a mere lad, in 1883, while Ove Bull’s visi’ did not occur until six years after, namely, 1n 1889. So much for vccuracy. You will now, Mr Editor, permit me to refer to a few of the many contradictions contained in your correspondent’s letter To do go, it will be only necessary to use the scissors: — “Nobody will deny that Ole Bull is one of the greatest geniuses which ever existed.” “A great artist, but not entirely free of faulte—feulis, visible to the gras of the mus cian, but ingeniously and artistically biden from tae less sharp intuition of the public at large.” * Ole (Bull is, in my opinion, an original in every re spect” ‘i But the fi elf of being an imitator of Pa; ini, 0) though net ish one, has proved a strong weepen in the hands of his opponents.” I wou'd a-k your correspondent to reconcile the above. “Ole Ball one of the greatest geniners which ever existed ” ‘Ole Bull a great artist, but not free from faults.” Then, “Ole Bull original in every respect, yet wo imitator of Paganini.”” In the different countries that Ole Bull has visited, aad where P.ginini has been seen and hi » the charge of imitation has not been breathed against him. In performing the pieces of that grea’ mas. ter, he has endeavored to produce the effects in- tended by the composer. So has Vieuxtemps, and so has Artot, but with what relative success, the people, despite the dictum of your arbiter elegunta- reum, will be allowed to say. In one line he tells va that Bull’s performance is remarkable for ite German simplicity, and in the next he again stamps him as an imitator of Paganini. Was not Paganini wholly and exclusively of the ltahan school? and if 80, can German simplicity be an imuatien ot Ital art? As to the lashing be stowed on Rossini as an imitators, it 1s only neces- sary to say that the writer was unfortunate in se- lecting Guillaume Tell as the only original piece ot that composer, it bases acknowledged imitation ot the German Had he subsututed Semiramide, or Moses, his judgment would be enutled to a jitte more credit In one portion of his letter he says that Ole Bull is deficient in legato, yet he awards to him the highest praise for the composition and performance of an adagio Surely # gentleman posse aved of so much musical tasie, nitist Know that an adagto can oot be performed without legato; but I have tree pass dat too great a length, aud will enly say that the elaborate criticism on * Niagara’? is os just Hr the generality of assertions eonrained in the com munication wre veracious. From behind the veil ot kindness, the cloven foot peeps out, and too ev tently indientes the source trom whieh sprang the triendly effusion. Sir, No Critic. Court Calendar—This Day Goeery Cownt—28, 36, 06, 39, 40, 41, 42, 424, (972,) 43, Jam, Price Two Cente, City Intelligence. Office .—Burars: —The store of Mr. J. Hutton, No. 84 Hudson street, wos enteredon Wednesday night and robbed of silk pocket handkerchiefsand some velvet, ‘The dweliings house of Edwin Houghton ond Edward B Hobby, No. 121 Heury street, was entered on Wedpes- day nignt by the back basement door and robbed of a qua ty of silver spoons and cut gluss-ware. There were no arrests mede. Several petit lercenies comprised the residue of the day's proceedings jarlem Pollce=imrontast Anaest.—It will be recollected that the Common Council, afew months ago directed Justice Drinker, one of the newly ap, ointed Spe Justices of Poli to vacate the lower Police Ot- fice and go to the 1 Detention at Harlem, where they determined to establish # Police stavou. The pub- lic, ever asleep to their own interest, could not discover the immense advante that would arise from this change, or ave the necessity a Pulice Office at Harlem. Justice Drinker was equally bind, and positively de- clined the bonor of presiding at Harlem, snd continued to fill one of the magisterial chairs at the Tombs. Iu due course of time his quarteriy bill became due, ond he was somewhat desirous of having it cashed, but to his discomfiture, be learned that the Board of Supervisors refused to audit his bill unlesa be complied with the re- quisition of the resolution. Being periectly aware which vide his bread was butvered, and desirous of sev! bis bacon, he determined to obey the resolution, foolwh as he considered it, and accordingly about a fortnight since, after eating a hearty breakf.s!,he took the cars early in the mornidg and started on his country excursion, ic- companie! by the clerk who had obeyed much better than the magistrate, for he had gone out every morning. At night the Justice was seen returning with a sorrow- ful countenance, with the revised Statutes under his arm; but he had not had a single case betore him. Recent events have shown that the Common Council was right, and the Justi Harlem a that vice “preva hit better than they should be, and to an vlarming extent in” that, as well as this commu: ; and it is fortunate for the people in that region that they have got a wise and judicious set of papas to guard their interests. The following case came up before the sitting magistrate a few days ago, and we trust, perfectly convinced him ofthe immense responsi- bilities devolving upon him. A lady, sbout thirty yeers ofage, named Catherine Hodgman, residing on the cor- ner of 197th street ond third avenue, deposed as fol- lows That on the morning of the 24th inst ,at about 11 o’cleek, @ man, named John Hugbes, came inte the her husbard,wken nd deponent sew erthe counter, open the money drawer, ond book and five cents, (The audacity of the Har- nt went Up to and asked bi him, (there ‘what he was doing,” to which ke replied “ notben,” (Wel Harlem rogues, und their total Yul to contempiate,) and let the bow k and cents fail upon the counter, Justice Drinker immediately issued his warrant, ard the man was soon brought before him end fully commit- ted He was yesterdsy pla ed at the bw of the Speciel Sessions; but Mra. Hodgman, the complainent, noi bev- ing arrived from Harlem, the court discharged him, ad- vising him to read the book be sole, if st was @ goed oue, but said nothing about the five cents. Arrangements ere being made to have the intelligence of important arrests made ot Harlem, transmitted to the Tombs by the electric telegraph. Coroner's OMfice—Friduy.—Svuopen Dxatn —The Coroner held an inquest on the body ot Patrick Keerney, a native of Ireland, 80 ) ears of oge, who died suddenly in ding heuse on Thursday, of congestion of the i) Francis Griffin, et al va. Henry Abill—In this jury ound tor plaintiff, that they were serzed in premises described in the declaration and six cente corts. William Culsry v8 The Mayor, ¢c.—This was an oc tion Drought to iecower damages for injuries received camages laid at $10,000. It appeared in evitence that the month of Sepiemper, 1842, the plaintiff! was passing ark. when he accidentally fei) into a ditel been recently cug for the pur pose of convey ing Croton water to the foun'sin, by which accident b tg was broken, ond has not since been able to #ttend t his ueual employment us formerly. Detence cff red was, that a there wesatull moon at the time, it must bave been owing to bis own carelesaness Verdict for plaintiff, $1400 a d conte. Dec. 97.—Benkard ¢ Hutton vs. Edward Curtis —Tho yin Nes se Lund a verdict for plawttt $12) 81 dame- with Costs. Commun Pleas, Strphenson— In this the jury found for fonts. Dee 97 —Matthew Suse, reported in y esterai pleintiff $2 60 cameges John A Brow his was an ection of eplevin, brought root heer menuiecturer, carry ing Aan extensive business in (his city, to recover the valne of about 100 dozen root ber stone bottles, valued et $66, which it was alleged defendant be mt eer ssion of without any proper title thereto. It appeared that in leaving reot heer ut the various places of retail no charge is mace for he bottles, which ore generally returned. In many in- svances this does not teke jlece and many of them ure by that means Jost, to the amount of some hundreds of dol- lure, as plaintiff alleged, who also averred ‘hat they were nought up by various persons who in their turn use them for their ow anufwerure, which under the name oi the plaintiff, fiod a readier market. In thie ma ner the quen- fty of bottles abeve stated came mto the bends of detend- as alleged by plaintiff, and ection is brought to re- rr. erdict for plaintiff, $65 damages and 6 cents costs. m Court. Betore Jaége Smith. Dec. 27—Johnston vs. George Cole —This wos anaction t 8 {Or wn Aes buttery, nlleged to hove been committed on th plolntiff by defendart — it appeared in evidence iutiff Was steward or cook { be packet ship Columbus, on her Liverpool to this port; and that the d fain; that on or abyut the 2ist of N sud first mate had on altercation oal hole, which , in which the former was alleged to have r harsh treatment; om complaining of this to the Captain, he (the Cxp'ain) kaoeked him dowa with bis fist, and after plainuff arose, war a second time treated in ‘he same manuer, with a state which the Captain bed in bis hand; efter which ae- ndant kicked bim, and otherwise violently maltreuted him To de‘ence it was put in that plainuff had the charge ul the key of the coal hole, and on the morning in ques- tion. no Coals having been xerved out to the pa the first mate proceeded io mabeerquiry axto the cause, vas told in reply that the Captuin fas it;on applying to je Captain, be utterly denied having possession of its ut the key ef the ib thus conversing, the plant’ come and dé ferdent ng highly indiy track plaintiff i wh wwlog slate while he w going out ond hat mn Consequence of atl s ing or the door post he teil. Verdict this forendon. air, Haskett for j laintiff; Mr, Nash for defendant. Poton & Stewart vs. Jesse Hoyt.—This was on ection ght sgainet a former Coliecter of this port, and is ought to recover $o00n a large quantity of worsted tow lines, cravais, &*., which the plaintiff contend saould have been a mitted tree of duly, according to the revenue laws under which they were imported. More Disturbani 1s in Canapa.—We regret to cart that the Capailers bavieg now returned from ) their shanties on the canal, have commenced asyster f outrage on the Lachine road charscteristic only of pirary, and previously unheard of in Coneda.” On Jedneacay evening, Mr. Augustus McPheron, fherchant Lancaster, C.W, having Deen in (own meking hie inter purchases, was on his way home with several | J the ight belog cold, he got cut to mile or so of Lachine, while has slluge, he Was struck um; as he turned round to e received another stone in th «iveh # him a litde, at the same time the cenallers jumped from behind afence m to the ground with aticks and st and aft ¢ him voc ercitully, lefcbim for deed A traveller who me eiong saw him lyirg on the pronnd, ond aseisted tm to Lachine, His bead und face ore dreadfully cut and ‘vollen, We suppor that there are no means of deveots g the murderous villaing, and that if there were, wil #es would not dare to come forwerd The only reme-« ly for such Thuggiem iv the meantime. is tor travelers » Lachine to go well armed. Montreal Herald, Dee 21 sailont Veteran Evecion.—The Augusta correspondent of the Funkee Blade, published at Geidiner, Me., aka thos of (ke democratic el ctors of ‘hat Stete who cently convened at Augusta, to fnifil the duties of their ut: The electoral college was compesrd of gvod look. +@ men, @ por ion of them old, seuoch ene stenterd embers of the democratic party. doting their democracy om the foundation of the government The olcest mem. apt Iehobed Jorden, f Saco, a venerntle gen eman, much Of whose life, prior to the weref 1812 seed m ploughing .in 1 both oceu hor succeered tn 2 commanded the first tri dint) Helton Capt. Jo ar, vorecnted nn mmoned to nalty w of dishke and conte ther, who res edition law of olt John Ac * saved harmless from ed tn some chance expres: pt towards the then President, ethan is cow expressed fypran Comn.—This king of vegetables, being a f this coustry, and growing here ) nu then anywhere el e,ce not be impr ortation from abroad. and, ws farmers recarefulin the selection of the seed of t in aby other, it 14 not Only preserved from dey « imp oved varieties ere atten produced fer repays care and attention ef this kud : and it may presumed teat the lin fection bev reached, either in the impr + method of cultivation ' \ | Jato Let —The jail in this town is without a ” cireumstence which haypens ve yseldom We oye it will be long betore another indivievalwill be vompelled to meke jt bis home.~ Plymouth Ruck