The New York Herald Newspaper, December 19, 1844, Page 1

THE NEW YORK a -_ HERALD. Vol. X., Ho. 350—-Whole No. 3960. inall his feelings, its and conduct, not onl; oe his fellow men, but as far as com ible with the happiness of the human race to all senshive life upon the earth, And thus, gradually, without violence or injustice, or misery of any kind, a contention of every kind may be made to ceare among men and nations, and sound jal wisdom, united with activity of mind and body, may be made to Lette the human race, and thus be permanent, high rational enjoyment to every son of man. The materials to effect this change over the earth, wherever men neeil to live, now superabouad, and it is the interest of all, withour one exception, that this change should now be made. The means by which it shall be accomplished, in pee end order, although the reatest of all changes which have yet been experienced the human race, shall be explained in extended prin- ciples and practice, in public papers No.2 and 3, and in subsequent publications. ROBERT OWEN. Wasminaton City, D. C., Dec. 16, 1844 P. 8.—These papers are for public documents, intended for the immediate and future benefit of all, without ex: ception. They have no reference to party of any de- scription, but are now, at this eventful period, published for the general, permanent, and substantial advantage of every individual; it is therefore requested that the editors of all newspapers and periodicals will give circulation to them at their earliest convenience. ROBERT OWEN IN THE FIELD. A Revolution throughout the whole World! The Millennium come at last. —_————_. We received yesterday morning, by Railroad from Washington, a very important document, just issued by Robert Owen, the great philosopher, philanthropist, and modern regenerator of the hu- man race ; adocument which comprehenas in its operations, and intends in its motives, results to the whole human family, much more interesting than all that Tyler, Calhoun, Benton, or Duff Green ever did, or can imagine. This document is an address of Robert Owen to the American people in particular, and all nations, kindreds and tongues throughout the earth, in general. He pro- poses in it first, to demolish the fallacies of all the present systems of society, morals, religion, cus- toms and everything, but above all a complete de- molition of Horace Greeley and the Fourierites. He proposes to show the sure way of reaching the highest degree of human happiness and comfort, without the annexation of Texas, without a tariff, withoutthe necessity of eating brown bread alone, by the establishment of a modern system of civili- zation that willbe the commencement of a new earth, and the immediate precursor of the millenni- um, and nothing less. Mr. Owen—this venerable Prophet, Priest and King, ‘is now in Washington, busily engaged inthe conversion of John Quincy Adams, and is likewise bent on reforming Benton and the Se- nate. No doubt he will also produce some reform in the **White House,” but whether he will be Important Paom THE INsURRECTIONARY CouN- T1gs.—It appears by the northern papers that the Anti-Rent outrages are beginning again. Indeed, they have hardly ever stopped; there seems to have been no efforts made to put them down. Is there no moral courage in Gov. Bouck to carry out the lawin cases of this kind? If he is too weak and timid to act as the Governor of a State con- taining three millions of people, he had better re- tire, and devote his future life in feeding his old white horse. From Albany Argus, Dec. 17. The following aeontt ot @ recent Patella th Colum. bia County comes froma responsible source. We can only say, that such proceedings caunot be looked upon, by a! Jover of law and order, without deep concern, nor with leas than unqualified reprobation. Hupson, Dec. 14, 1844, Dear S1n,—I presume you have heard of the anti-rent rebellion in the county of Columbia and its progress. ‘she able to reach the heart of President Tyler, seems § idea hi evailed among many, if not all of our popula- to be avery doubtful question—almost as uncer- in sh id borg tag eg ier te in Albany and Kensse- tain and impracticable as the quadrature of the | uy’, "cre based on the alleged injustice of quarter eales and a large collection of back rents, ‘and that a little le- niency on the part of landlords might qnell and remove the whole opposition. But the facts which have taken place in this county, present the question in another and certainly not less alarming and objectionable aspect. The guardian of some infant children, last spring, rent- ed several farms for one year, and the tenants entered into written contracts to pay the rent semi-anoually, The rents were light, about one dollar per acre. On the first of October the first rent became due, and about that time several emissaries came trom Rei laer to preach rebel- lion among the people of this cou This alarmed no one, as it was supposed that the condition of things here was too satisfactory on all hands to be Msturbed. There was no question of title, no back rents, and no quarter sales to quarrel about. About thirty days passed on, and no rents being paid, distress warrants were issued by the guardian and put in the han4s of the sheriff. The sheriff made the distress without any opposition, and subseqnent- ly the appraisal, but he was then informed that the rents would not be paid, and that the sale would be prevented. The sheriff probsbly did not believe these threats, as he made no provisien to repel any opposition, but went with @ single attendant to make the sale. He was met bya body of Indians before he reached t! lace, escorted to the place of sale, and there, under a threat of personal violence, gave up all his papers, and they were burned in his presence. The sheriff reports thut there were on the ground over 200 men in indian dress, and 1500 citizen Spectators, called there by the novelty of the occasion. hen the papers were burned the whele assemblage gave three cheers, and the sheriff left the ground without bee? Ta of sale, and there ends the distress. ‘he Indians and many without any disguise, are hold- ing meetings in all directions, A ‘general meeting is led forpext week at Claverack, and rumor says that the w fter one is to he held at Hudson. Every one is now alarmed. The principle involvedin the resistance offered on a simple contract for a year, tells too plainly, I fear, what the landlords in our cities, and our holders of notes, bonds and all other evidences of debt, have to ex- pect if the movement is not met with the promptitude the occasion demands. circle; and forthis a sufficient reason can be given in the fact that old Mr. Tyler, having married a blooming youthful wife, his heart has been reach- ed in another quarter, and is impenetrable to the approach of Mr. Owen. We issue this important information to this restless, busy, religious, philosophical, almighty, money muking community of New York, because they delight in a new state of things, and disbe- lieve, entirely, the doctrine of Selomon that there is nothing new under the sun. The fight will now come on between Owen on the one side, with his new ideas, and Horace Greeley and Brisbane, with allhis recently imported French notions on the other. Manifesto of Robert Owen, on Public Pa- pera Nos. 1, 2 and 3, addressed to all Go- vernments and People who desire to be- come Civilized, to aid in the adoption of measures to layasglid foundation for the permanent peace of the world—the pro- gressive intelligence, morality and happi- ness of all individuals to give a right direc- tion to the ililmitable, mechanical, chemi- caland other scientific productive power, thet it may become the slave and servant ofhumanity, instead of being, as it has been made to be, through the errors of the present system of Soelety, the tyrant-mas ter and cruel oppressor of the industrious classes, lt is evident from the signs of the times, especially from the illimitable progress and power of new scientific pro- ductive power, and the rapid increase of knowledge among the hitherto neglected masses of society, that a new era io human existence is about to commence, that the ignorance, division, poverty, wars, crimes and misery which the system of seciety, hitherto alone in wactice, has inflicted upon nations and people, is now, in the one order of nature about to terminate, and to be superseded by another based on undeviating principles of nature which will ever leaito knowledge, guodness and ness. rtunately for the human race, it has been discovered, that the base of all passed society, under every variety of form and name, has been a few ui ing errors which have ever destroyed the rational taculties of men, and made the attainment of virtue and happiness by any por- tuon of the human race ag Boog To enable mankind to @ civilized, permanently prosperous, virtuous, rational and progreesively hap- py, these errors of hes ie 9 must be at once and for ever abaudoued. They must be abandon- ed, because they can never produce, under any chang: form or men, aught, except ignorance, false- hood, division, wars, contentions, crime, and misery. lt as, then, the immediate aad highest interest of one and all over the earth, that these errors should be made maattest, and their lamentable, unchanging evil effects, laid bare to all nations and people. ‘This course of action is necessary to accomplish the well beng and happiness of man ; for these errors are from the beginning of time, unsupported by a single fact, and ure directly opposed by every known fact ; and their unchanging influence on humanity is to create and per. petuate falsehood, deceit, moral cowardice, contentio: ‘i and misery ; and to make men, throug! § generation, probably the most irra- mal upon the earth ; a being possessed of all the means of high, physical,mental, and moral attainment, and progressive rational enjoyments around him, yet who is, through demonstrable fundamental errors, Continuall; applying these means of permanent and generai happ! nesa, to inflict misery on himselt and his race. To those who reflect, itis now evident that, contrary to the inexperienced imagination of our ancestors, indi- vidual man does not possess the power to create, at his birth, the smallest part of his physical, mental, or moral organization; or, afterwards, of his sentiments or Mipeenng or feelings; or of his conduct, except through his origi- nal orgunization, and the subsequent influence upon it of ex’ernal circumstances; both of which powers have been formed for him, by a power and mysterious means beyond his knowledge or control. “And yet, hitherto, the popniation of the world has been overned under institutions based on the very opposite Fapressions early made on the ine imaginations before men knew how to observe and ac- ‘They imagined that all in- dividuals bave been created with an internal mdependent power to form their ewn physical, mental and moral ca- pacity, and by a supposed will of their own creating, to decide upon their own opinions, and at their pleasure ge their belief or disbelief in any of them, and in like manner form and change their own feelings, affection and conduct. In consequence of these erroneous impres- sions respecting the laws of humanity,certain portions of the humanrace have made their ignorant and most ir- rational notion jandards of truth and perfectibility. These parties, at various times and places, having ac- cidently acquired power over some of their fello made this weaker portion responsible te them, strovger, for what they should feel, think and do, hrough all past ages, endeavored to force them to feel and act according to their most ignorant and “ Dunn, Deo. 10, 1844- 8" Dear Sin—The anti-rent excitement has been on the ingrease since the election. Under various pretexts it has been started in more than half the towns in this county, and in many of the adjoining towns in Scoharie, Greene and Ulater. The organization is most effective for mischief of all kinde. A part of their plan is to invent and industriously circulate ail sorts of falsehood to keep alive the agitation. Among these are bold statements that the lands were never owned by those who claim them, that the Indiaps were never paid for them, &c And there are men hitherto possessing some character, who encourage their delusions to obtain political in fluence. Gen. Root has lately become one of this sort of agitators. Great preparations are meking by them to ob- tain important alterations of the laws relating to landlord and tenant, and in the tenure of bonds. This should be attended to by proprietors, not for the purpose of pre- venting any just legislation—butto give such direction tothe action et the bahia, that all may have the peaceable enjoyment of their rights. Wis highly important that our new executive should be oorrectly informed as to the real nature and extent of the evil. If he ahouid shrink from the duty cf acting energe- tically in thia matter, it will be impossible to foretell the end of the armed and organized rebellion that is now com mitting outrages and setting the lava at defiance in many parts of tag Se His information onthe subject must as yet be very imperfect, as nothing can be leatned from the Dewanspers, nor can any salutary influence be ex- pected from them. They all take it for granted that some great grievance must exist as the cause of so much excite- ment. Nothing can be farther from the truth, so far as respects this part ofthe country. The ignorance and cu- pidity of thousands who are indebted on leases or con tracts aren to land, have been practised onto such a degree, that they have armed and keep under pay hordes of the most reckless men they can find, disguised a8 In- dian, to despoil the owners of lands of their property by the excitement will not pass away as some others have done, by merely letting it alone, for it will be sustained by the strong and lasting motive of cupidity. Nothing but the same vigorous determination with which nullification was put down by Jackson wall answer any purpose. ‘The Government has its choice, either to affect not to see or know anything about the matter, as Gov. Bouck has done, and let the State sink to a condition of anarchy worse than that of Central Americe, or make some effort to restore to the citizens ofthe k mpire State the rights of vier and personal safety. indians are called out whenever it is understood that any proprietor of lands has come into the county, Mr. Kiersted narrowly escaped them a few days ago. “i have been een treated as yet, but whenever tract, it is immediately reported on other tracts that been assaulted, &c A hundred absurd rejorts about landlords, sheriffs, &c., are constantly sent through the country to tanthe excitement. Tari ng and feathering, and other kindred outrages, are frequently committed by the snti-renters on their neighbors, who will not come into their measures. I could give the particulars of many, the accounts of which have been sent to me.” To strengthen the anti-rent agitation hy inclu other interests, it is said that the 1 is made to extend to the refusal of payment—either of principal or interest—on mortgages notes given to banks. ot men, made curately investigate facts. Aroostoox.—This county is yet but partially settled, ead Peres No part of our State has been so rapidly settled since the roads have been opened into it. Men may here ee good farming Tand at a price not exceeding one dollur an acre ; three-t urths of which may be peid in laboron the road by, or through the land. is land is productive with wheat, rye, Teriey, oats, flax, potatoes, corn, kc. Good opportunities may be found to employ teams at high prices for lumbering, or and itious, viously taught, fanciful imuginatiogs — The gnorentand muperstitious men have aiitived, ic, conveying ls, orat work about the milla. All sur- to ern the weaker part, physically, mentally and | plus productions of the farm find a good market among morally, up to this period, in the meet ‘unjust, reg. | those en) ged in lumbering. At Masardis there are two sive, cruel, and irrational manner, by force and fraud, | sets of mills At Salmon Brook, about fitty miles from the only mode of governing which is practicable under a system of etetons fret principles, and thus to govern, they have been compelled to make laws of their own devising; laws made in direct opposition to nature’s laws; while the adoption of the latter would ensure the retional and pyrmament happiness of man through all suc- ceeding generations, ‘Those, then, are the fandamental errors on which alone, to this period, the characters of all men have been formed and the various governments have been instituted, and hence the universality of the irrational conduct of the human race. ‘Thence tho present hi which the human charact of the earth are no’ ‘Thence the irrational division, contests and wars among ell nations, and the strange, Ingengracus and im- ral institutions which have been established through- ont the world. Institutions founded often by well mean- ing men, with the professed view to produce knowledge, health, riches, unity, justice, 'y and kindness among But which institutions, varied in form and name, never to produce, in ‘a single instance, blessings to any population. the boundary, following the river, there is a good saw. mill, a patent grist mill, anda clep-board machine. This place promises to be one of much business and lumber is easily conveyed down to the city of St. John. Fourteen mites further down the river, at Presque Isle good saw and grist mill are in operation. At t! are two stores, a post office, a blacksmith’s and maker's shop, ond a tavern ; a physician also resides here. On the Carriboo stream, ten miles further down the river, there is a mill, constructed present season. This mill ison the road from Fairbank’ Proeque Isle; jawaska,’ and is of great convenience A cla board machine is in operation at Hardwood Brook, in Letter H. Near Fort Fairfield, Mr. Patthe has a saw-mil), and ‘ntends, inthe spring, to erect a grist mill, about a mile below the fort. At the Fort m ww be seen thirty There are here a custom it office, a deputy sheriff, an attorney at panda tavern, Thus it will be seen that this portion ot our State, which a few years since was an unbroken by lumbermen, b; cous mass of errors, by now formed, and the na erned. 8 Cleared, wn: ed churches. A thriving and industrious ivilize the human race, to make all permanent], ition is pouriog into that region, and it will by and porous, truly virtuous, rational and Heppy, hess prove to be the garden of the State — Bangor Whie by all Gprecinaen and rote eolety ‘aust pepe tacet . Snow Storm SovtH.—The mail agent, who ar- on demonstrable, true, ‘and unehan; icg Jaws of nature. it | Tived with what there was of the southern mail must be re-organized ‘on a know! ‘of those saws, and | this evening—there was nothing from beyond Richmona Virginia—informs us that there were eight inches o' pee this morning, hed wor from Me t storm rei wi inone mile of Predectelabarg, Virw Virginia, Here the wind has been fresh from the west for several days past, and we have nosmow. How will Professor Kspy account for this 7— Washington Globe, Dec. 16. in a spirit of universal charity, which can alone emanate from a knowledge of those laws. It must be re-classified according to age, in accordance with those laws. It mus' be re-constructed in all its parts, to be in unison with the principle upon which this new order of society is based, that it may form one consistent whole, and at all times, and under all cirenmatances, work harmoniously from the centre, which will be every where, to the circumfer ence, which wil, in every case, extend from acks.—The great Post Stake was ryn for on each centre to the uttermost parts of the earth ; | the 8thinst. over the Eclipse course, Carrollton. 2 ultimately ead f among all men, janguage, one code of simplified laws, one interest, one spirit, one mind, and one conduct over the globe. But thus to re-base, re-organize, reclassify and re-con- struct society, itis also necessary that the character of every one, as soon as practicable, should be from birth re- created, and a new spirit breathed within it of charity, and know! of eternal Sc humenity, fede fo pervede the whole be Four horses were expected to contend, viz: Moth, Sally Shannon, Ruffin and Pat Galway. Three only started, the howld Pat having been withdrawn. fier a keen contest, Moth won, coming into the phe ae posts in gallant tye, closely followed by Sally Shannon aad in, i ong cab Bs names recorded. Time, eight minutes and a few veconde. Manifesto of Mr, Clay—Position of the Whig Party. The College of Electors of President and Vice President of the United States for the State of Kentucky, after casting their votes unanimoosly at Franktort,on the 5:h of this month, for Clay and Frelinghuysen, proceeded in a body, on the day pond © to pay their respects to Mr. Clay in per- son, at his residence, near Lexington, Kentncky. On reaching the door ot Mr. Clay’s dwelling, Mr. Underwood, surrounded by the other electors, by the Governor and the Ex-Governors Metealfe and Letcher, and'the people who attended, read the tollowing address to Mr. Clay:— Ma. Cuay,—1 have been selected by the members of the Electoral Collegeto say to you foreach one of us that we have come to oller to you the homage of our personal re- gard and profound respect. In this work of the heart, many of your neigheors have likewise come to unite with us. On yesterday, at Frankfort, we performed our official duty in obedience to the will of the people of Ken: tucky, by voting unanimously for yourself and Theodore Frelinghuysen to fill the ofiises of President and Vice President of the United States. The machinations ot your enemies, their frauds upon iad seuyve ane and their goui hf the le in promulgating opposite principles in different sections, have drfeteed Sourdscitans i We have no hope of preferment at your hands which can tempt us to flatter; uor can the pen of proscription intimidate us in speaking the truth Under existing eit cumatances it gratifies us to toke you by the hand, and to unite, as we do most cordially, m expressing the senti- ments of our hearts aud of those we represent 10 regard to your personal character and political principles. Your past services are so interwoven with the history of the country for the last forty years, that malice and envy cannot prevent succeeding generations dwelling on your name with admiration und gratitude. Your example will illuminate the path of tucure statesmen, when those who bate and revile you are forgotten, or are only remembered, like the incendiary who burnt the temple, for the evil they have done ‘To you tue election has terminated without personal loss ; but to the nation, in our judgment, the fivucy is incalculable. God grant the Contederacy may not here after mourn over the result in dismembered fragments | Whilst your enemies have not attempted to detract from your intellectual character, they have with untir- ing malice attacked your moral reputation and endeavored to destroy it. The verbal slanders and printed libels em- ployed as means to accomplish political objects have stained the character of our country and its institutions more than they have injured yours. In your high personal character, in your political principles and unrivalled zeal and ability to carry them out, may be found the strong motives for our anxious effurta to secure your election. The protection of Ameri- can labor, @ national currency connected with 2 fiscal agent for the Government, the distribution among the States of the proceeds of the public lands, further con- stitutional restrictions upon Executive pewer and pa- tronage, and a limitation upon the eligibility of the Pre- sident for a second term, were measures which, under your administration, we hoped to mature and bring into practical operation. By your defeat they have been endangered, if not for ever lost. But we will ne tpacaimney, coming events. If things work well, we shall find consolation in the general pros- perity. If apprehended evils come, we are not respon- sible ; and, re.alning our principles, we shall enjoy the happy reflection of berik done our duty. in the shades of Ashland may you long continue to en- Joy peace, quiet, and the possession of thone great facul ties which have rendered you the admiration of your friends and the benefactor of your hag And when at last death shall demand its victim, while Kentucky will contain your ashes, rest assured that old and faithfal friends—those who, knowing you longest, loved you best —will cherish your memory and defend your reputation. Ben. liorden, John Kincaid, J. R. Underwood, L. W. Andrews, R. A. Patterson, Green Adams, aegl Triplett, B. Mills Crenshaw, W. W. Southgate, Leslie Combs, W. R- Grigsby, W. J. Graves, To this address, Mr. Clay replied :— Iam greatly obliged, gentiomen, by the kindness to- wards me which pea peor ried, this visit from the Gover- nor, the Presidential Electors of Kentucky, and some of my fellow citizers in private life. And I thank yeu, sir, (Mr, Underwood,) their organ, on this occasion, for the teeling and eloquent address which you have just done me the honor tu deliver. Iam under the greatest obliga- tions to the people of Kentucky. During more than for ty years of my lifethey have demonstrated their confi- dence and offection towards me, in every variety of form. Th.s last and crowning evidence of their long and faith- ful attachment, exhibited in the vote which, in their be- half, you ers yesterday, at the seat of the State Govern- ment, us the Electoral College of Keatucky, fills me with overflowing gratitude. But I should fail to express the teelings of my heart, if did not also offer my profound and gratelui acknowledgments to the other States,which have united with Kentucky in the endeavor to elect me to the Chief Magistracy of the Union, and to the million and a quarter of freemen, embracing ‘so much virtue, in telligence, and patriotism, who, wherever residing, have directed strenuous and enthusiastic exertions to me object. ‘Their effort has been unavailing, and the issue of the election has not corresponded with their anxious hopes and confident expectations. You have, sir, assigned some of the causes which you suppose have occasioned the re sult. 1 will not trust myselt to speak of them. My duty is that of perfect submission to an event whichis now ir revoeable. I will not affect indifference to the personal concern which I had in the'political contest just termina ted but, unless Iam greatly self-deceived, ihe principal attraction to me of the office of President of the United States arose out of the cherished hope that | might be an hambie instrument in the hands of Providence 40 accom plish public good. I desired to see tie furmer purity of the General Government restored, and to see dangers and evils, which | sincerely believed encompassed it, averted and remedied. I was anxious that the policy of the coun- try, especially in the great department of ita domestic lu. bor and industry, should be fixed and stable, that all might know how to regulate and accommodate their con- duct. And, {nly convinced of the wisdom of the public measures which you have enumerated, I hoped to live to ro and to contribute to their adoption and establish- meni po far as respects any official agency of mine, it has been otherwise decreed, and I bow respectfully to the decree. The future course of the Government is altogether un- koown, and wrapt in painful uncertainty. I shall not do the new Administration the injustice of condemaing it in advance. Onthe contrary, | earnestly desire that en- lightened by its own reflections, and by a deliberate re- view of all the great interests of the country, er promp'ed by public opinion, the benefit may be yet secured of the practical execution of those principles and measures for which we have honestly contended, that peace and honor may be preserved, and that this young but great nation may be rendered harmonious, prosperous, and powerful. We are not without consolations under the event which has happened. The whig party has fully ani fairly ex. hibited to the country the principles and measures which it believed beat adapted to secure our liberties and promote thecommon welfare, It has made, in their support, con- stant and urgent ap; to the reasen and judgment of the people. For mysel:, I have the high satisfaction to know that I hi ped a bility that, during the whole can e nothing inconsistent with the dictates of the purest honor. No mortal man is authorized to say that I held out to Him the promise of any office or appointment whatever. ‘What now is the duty of the whig party 2 I venture to express any opinion with the greatest diffidence. The fu- ture is envel>ped in a veil impenetrable by human eyes. T cannot contemplate it without feelings ot great discour- egement. But I knew of only one safe rule, cissitudes of human life, public and private conscientious: jatisfy ourselves of what ia right, and firmly and undeviatingly to pursue it under all trials and circumstances, ing in the great Ruler of the Uni- verse for ultimate success. The whigs are deliberate): convinced of the truth and wisdom oi the principles and measures which they have espoused. It seems, therefore, to me that they should persevere in contending for them ; and that, adhering to their separate and distinct orgeniza tion, they should treat al? who have the good of the coun- try in view with respect and sympathy, and invite their co-operation tn securing the pattiotic objects which it has been their aim and purpose to accomplish. Theortily thank you, sir, for your friendly wishes for my happiness in the retirement which henceforward best becomes me Here [ hope to enjoy peace and tranquillity, seeking faithfully to perform, in the walks of private life, whatever duties me, yet appertain tome. And I shall never cease, whilst rem: ‘0 look with lively inter- est and deep solicitude upon the movement and operations of our fr item of government, and to hope that, under the smiles of an all-wise Providence, the Republic may be ever just, honorable, prosperous and great. Mr. Clay has emancipated his personal servant Charles, ‘The deed of emancipation is as follows : “ Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Clay of Ashland, for and in consideration of the fidelity, attachment and services of Charles Dupey, (the son of Aaron, commonly called Charles, and Charlotte.) and of for him, do hereby liberate and harles Dupey, from this day, from tion of service to me, or my representatives, investing him, as far as any act of mine can invest him, with all the rights and privile f a freeman. ‘ hitherto set my hand and affixed my seal, this 9th day of December, in the year of our Lord, 1844 [Sear] H. Cray. Sealed and delivered in the presence of Thomen H. Clay.” Five years since, Charles travelled through Canada with Mr. Clay, and declined all solicitations to leave him. Mr. Ciay has waited until the election was over, to avoid, as far a8 possible, the impntations of base-minded men. ——$—$—__—— Distressina Raitroap Accipent.—An § aged white womaa wes run over Saturday evening by the freight train of the Fredericksburgh Koad, She was spprosching the road, from the north side, a short dine tance before the engine, unobserved by the engineer. A voice warned her teturn beck, which directed the engi- neer’s attention to her, and he immediately did all in his power tostop the train. Instead of turning back from the road, the poor old woman, perhaps confased by her alarm, attempted to cross the truck, in deing which she stumbled and fell. The fore wheels of the engine passed over her, severing oue of hi aplitting the foot and tracturi: ‘he unfortunate poor woman excited much orapeey and all was done for her that her case required. name was Scott, and she lived 6n the Basin. She died on Literature, dic. Tue American Pourtern’s Companion; by C. N. Bement; Saxton & Miles, New York.—One of the most valuable practical treatises on domestic poultry extant ; based on true philosophical princi- plea; a work that ought to be in the hands of every tarmer throughout the land; and if only studied and its directions tollowed, would prove of extreme value to them,both pecuniarily and other- wise. The author deserves every credit for the able manner in which’ he has treated the subject ; the work is well got up, beautifully illustrated, and ata reasonable cost. Desortetive CataLoave or THE Botanic Gar- DEN, (Lars Paince’s,) Fuusmine, L. 1.—A very useful work to the horticulturalist, gardener and farmer; containing a considerable amount of ya- luable information, Rowan’s History or ‘THe Faencn Revo.vrion ; Appleton & Co., New York.—A very interesting work, two volumes in one, forming a portion of the series of the “‘Library for My Young Country- men. Kesre’s Caristian Year; Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia.—A handsome pocket volume of sa- cred poetry, with pieces for every day in the year, and will doubtless be very acceptable to the more religious portion of the community. Titinnwat’s History or Graesce, No. 2—Har- per, Brothers, New York—The second number of this very valuable history has just been published. It is more interesting than the first, and presents, in tact, a more instructive and elegant picture of At- tica to the age of Pericles, than we have seen in any other history. The work is one which must command a place in everv library, andthe atten- tiou of every scholar. The numbers are eold at twenty-five cents each. Houn1’s Mencuants’ Macazine, for December— Huat, New York—This is a capital number ot this most useful work, which completes the eleventh volume of the work. Kwickersocker Macaztne, for December—Al- fen, New York—An excellent number, containin varlous papers of great interest from the pens o| some its most able contributors. Revug Francaise ves Fawinues, for December —315 Broadway—A work both amusing and in- structive, and extremely valuable to the student of the French language. ‘Tue Merropeiitan Gazing, for December— Burgess && Stringer, New York—There is one or two pretty good papers in it, but as for the others, there is plenty of room for improvement in them, as wellas in the work generally. Tue Natronat Protestant, for December—Rev. C.. Sparry, New York—-The admirers of the hor- rific, the terrible, and the false, may obtain some- thing from this work to satisty their vitiated taste. It is truly surprising that a person having Rev. be- tore his name, should put forward such repeatedly exploded falsehoods as this work contains. Dunniaan’s InLustratep Doway Bisue,No. 10— Dunnigan, New Yerk—Some of the earlier num- bers weregbetter got up than the present—betier printed ‘and better illustrated. Hewat’s Inuustratep Suaxsreark, No. 36— Hewet, New York—As excellent and beautiful as ever, Axruur ArunpeL; Harger Brothers, N. York.— This somewhat interesting tale of the English Re- volution, by the author of ‘‘Brambletye House,” &c., forms No. 43 ef these publishers’ Library of Select Novels. History or THE Rerormation In Grrmany; By Leopold Kanke; Burgess & Stringer, New York — A valuable and interesting work. ‘The translation of Sarah At 5 Lr. Winxe’s Narrative or THE Expiorina Ex- vepition; Lee & Blanchard, Philadelphia.—Tnis work will be published in five large volumes, com- prising about twenty-five hundred pages of letter- press, aaeene price to subscribers will be twenty- five dollars. {t is to contain sixty-eight steel eu- gravings, forty-six steel vignettes, worked among the letter press, and over three hundred wood.cuts, wit! ropriate unmber of maps, &e. If the wor comes up to the specimen now betore us, it will be one of the most splendid of the age. Essays on tHe Nature AND PRINCIPLES oF Taste, by Archibald Alison, L. L. B.; with Cor- rections and Improvements, by Abraham Mills. Harper and Brothérs : New York.—This work has tong been known as one of the most elegant and instructive treatises upon the subject ever offered tothe public. The sources of pleasure and su- blimity are indicated in a very clear and instruc. tive manner, and the work is one whose study is eminently calculated to improve the taste, and cul- tivate the intellect. The edition now published has been for some time before the public, and is generally regarded as very well adapted for use in schools, uod for popular reading. The work is published in a very neat volume. A Treatise on THE Forces wuicn Propuce THE OrGanizaTion oF PLaNTs, WITH AN APPENDIX, &c.; y J. W. Draper, M. D., Protessor of Chemistry in the University of New York; Harper & Brothers.— There are’ two things which render this work worthy of particular notice and encouragement. Tomention the least important—it is one of the most splendid issues of the American press; shows how far American skill cam enter iw competition with the experience of Europe. The treatise moreover is purely originul; it is the product of our own laboratories; the author for ten years has been amassing experimental knowledge to bring out this volume. So tar asthe pict will admit, it con- tains an easy, popular explanation of those impor- tant principles which should guide the ani- mal and vegetable physiologist, and all those who oughtto base shalt pesatice onthese sciences— the physician, farmer, druggist, &c ; whilst general students cannot fail to be mterested and instruct- ed by its contents. We are proud to witness this effort to acclimate science here. Asmachio ists, as naval artists, we can compete successfully with any nation in the world. In literature, in natural history, and’ the fine arts, our position is reepectable, but in strictly scientific departments we have hitherto relied too much on Europe. Such works as this, by Profeseor Draper, cannot fail to elevate the American character in thisrespect, and lead the old world to look to us in matters of sci- ence as wellas machinery. Those who are inte- rested in the professions and trades we have men- tioned, will, as a matter of course, at once avail themselves of the knowledge contained in the treatise ; and all others who take a pleasure in gci- enceand literature are assured that in our opinion it isthe most readable and interesting book of the same stamp which the press has given us for along time. 1t ia published ina sptendid quarto, and in a style highly creditable to American typography. Nessitt’s Diamonp Diary for 1845; Nesbitt, New York.—A very useful and portable pocket memorandum book forthe ensuing year, with al- manac, tables, &c. Tae Nevittes or Garretstown; Harper Broth- ers, New York.—The first number of a very inte- resting tale ot 1760, by the author of ‘Harry Lor- tequer,” dc. ‘Tue InLvstraten Lonnon Aumanac for 1845; IT] Nassau street,—A beautiful, useful, and a cheap work. The astronomical calculations do not suit our time exactly, but the astronomical remarks and illustrations, the tables of facts, and the beau- tiful illustrations of the month, will suit almost every body. ‘To the natives of the old country in Particular it will be most interesting. Lrrrux’s Living Ae, No. 29 and 30—Burgess & Stringer, New York.—The present numbercontains some interesting papers; the extracts from the “Life of a Radical,” will afford a good lesson to lazy meddling pol:ticians, Tue Couumaran Magazine, for January, 1845— Post, New York.—This is certainly one of the best Monthlies extant—the present number beautifully illustrated, with four engravings; one, Napoleon taking leave of his child, a mezzo considerable talent and interest,; an éngraving of still greater interest to a true American heart— Washiogton’s reception at the Bridge of Trenton in 1789, on hie way to be inaugurated as first Pre- sident of the United States; the third, one ot the most beautiful and chaste colored flower pieces we ever recollect seeing. .Aleo, what will most inter- est its fair readers, a colored plate of Fashions, for January, rather of a superior kind to those which are usually found in such worke; together with a very pleasing song and piece of music, entitled “The Lover's Farewell.” This number evidences that new blood has been thrown into its. veins, decidedly of a superior quality to many of its pre- decessors; the pieces are all excellent, particularly “The Litie Fat Quakeress, or Match Making in Philadelphia,” by John Neal. The waole work does the publisher and all connected with itinfinite credit. The present time is favorable for parties desirous of subscribing, as this number is the be- ginning of anew volume. New Music.— The Country Girl,” one of the choice compositions of Signor de Bervis, may be had at Forth & Co.’s, Broadway. ‘* Jingie, jingle, clear the Way,” and ‘“ The Pequot Brave,” two NEW YORK, THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 19, 1844. compositions of H.S. Saroni, may be had at Geib’s ffaiten lane. ‘Beauties of the Opera,” Nos. 6 and 7, containing some ot the best preces in the opera of the ‘* Bohemian Girl,” and others equally ; beautiful, may be had at Joilie’s, Broadway. Tue ALeruia Waurz, a very pretty production, arranged for the piano by F. H. Brown. New York Porka, No. 1, the most beautiful looking piece of music we have seen of all the “ Polkas” published. The title isa most finished representation of an elegan: lady and gentleman dancing, underneath which is full instructions tor dancing; the music is as usual by Mile. Desjarding and Mons. de Korponay. ** The Poiku Explained” is a most humorous description in verse of the “Polka,” as sung by the celebrated John Parry. This soug is by faro xe of the most amusing produc- tions of the day. These may be had at Atwill’s, Broadway. Evils of the Present Mode of Supplying Gas. The price now charged is 70 cents per 100 cubie feet, instead of 20 cents per 100 cubic feet, which latter is what is paid in London, and the companies make an ample dividend at that rate. Gas can be made as cheapin this city as in Lon- don, because the freight from Newcastle to the metropolis (with the river duty to the corporation of 33 New York perton) is frequently more than the freight as ballast across the Atlantic, or from Nova Scotia, or from any port in the United States. The colliers rarely charge less than 223. per ten New York, often 24s. to 26s. mt The meters here are not in the best condition generally, and companies take care they shall never register againat themselves. ¥ The New York Gas Company’s mains are not large enough to afford a full supply. They should be at least three times their present diameter.— Whatever care may be taken to pump out the de- posit of ammoniacal. liquor, a sufficient quantity must ulways remain in such small pipes, to obstruct the passage of the gas, and render the lights fluctu- ating. Rie These small mains too, bring iron, oxidate very rapidly in the sandy soil of this city, which is con- stantly saturated with water. They cannot, in consequence, last above five held in a sufficiently sound state to convey gas without a universal leak- age through every pore. , peda This leakage is so general in this city, that the whole soil is saturated with it. Dig but one foot below the surface and it is an insufferable nuisance she te asthe mains are all rotten with oxi- ation. When the mains of theCroton become oxidated, the gas in which they are now enveloped will rea- dily pass through the pores into the water and con- taminate’ it from its strong affinity for water.— When this happens in sandy localities. in London, the gas companies are obliged to embed their pipes in clay. It has long corrupted and spoiled the water in the public pumps. i Carbonated hydrogen being lighter than atmos- pheric air, an evaporation of this deleterious gas is constantly rising into and poisoning the atmosphere in all parts of the city. All breathe it day and nightforever. — _ his is a gas similar to what exhales from mashy and stagnant waters, iving rise to ues, intermit- tent fevers, inflammations of the lungs, thoraf, consumption, and a long list of other maladies, which yearly carry off somany hundred thousands prematurely. y The gas of the company is, however much more actively poisonous than what is generated in pools, peceure it contains a much larger portion of car- on. Carburetted hydrogen is what is thrown off from the lungs at every expiration. It the blood were not constantly purified and freed from it through the lungs, the body would soon become one uni- versal mass of putridity. This city, from the lo- eality, would be infinitely more healthful, were it not that this gas saturates the atmosphere and pre- disposes to consumption, inflammation of the throat and lungs, cancers, &c. Volumes of this destructive gas are pouring forth tor ever from the manufactory in Centre street— enough in {act to poison the air of the largest city in the world. i - ‘This must greatly deteriorate the value. of all the buildings in the vicinity, and thus affect the immediate interest of all house owners within the limits of its pestiferous influence. In extensive conflugrations this inflammable gas furnishes an abundance of combustisle matter, thus seriously affecting the interest of insurance offices, or the ruin of those who are not insured Theatres in particular must suffer before the supply can be cut off. ApvantaGes OF Portasie Gas IN CYLINDERS. —It will not only be supplied cheaper, but not a particle of it can evaporate or escape into the atmosphere to corrupt it, and injure the general health. The Croton water would be freed trom its deleterious influence, and in case of fire the cylinder is detached in 4 moment, and removed from the premises. Mesmerism. No. 6 Warren Street, New York, Dee. 17, 1844. To tue Eprror or THe Naw York Heratp— Sim :—My attention has been drawn to an article in your paper of this moming, in which a Dr Bebimids is represented as having assisted at, and sanctioned certain mesmeric experiments at a lecture Dy Mi. Rodgers, Kaowing of no. other Dr. Schmidt in this city but myself, you wili fe me by saying that 1 am not the person re- ferred to, and was not present at the lecture men- tioned, nor have I been present at any other lec- ture by the aforesaid Mr. Rodgere. Reapecifuily youre, onn W. Scumipt, Jun From Canapa.—Our dates from Montreal are to the 12th inst. Scarlet fever is raging in Toronto. Four enses have occurred in the boarding house of the Upper Canada College, of which one proved fatal, in con- sequence the College has been shut for a time ‘e learn that a mandement was published in the Roman Catholic Cathedral, Quebec, allowing the uge 0. meat on feur days of the week in Lent, and aleo on Saturdays throughout the year, with some exceptions. The observance of the Holydaya, usual- ly called fétes de dévotion, is also abolished after the first January next. We believe these changes have existed, for a long time past, in most Catholic countries. - . ‘There was a fall of snow on Friday night and Saturday forenoon at Quebec. It afterwards turn- ed to rain and sleet, and yesterday and to-day the cold is again set. in severely. This morning the thermometer was again down to zero. It is proba- ble that the travelling will be good for some time to come. Sanpwicu IsLanps.—We are indebted to a friend fora fi'e of Sandwich Island papers to August 3d, from which we extract a number of articles of in- telligence. It has been already reported that a French ship of war had taken the Wallis and other islands, under the protection of the King of the French. This information is confirmed by the of- ficial note from the French consul at the Sandwich Islandsto the government. The Polynesian of July 20, contains an order in council of his Hawaiian Majesty, prescribing a Code of Etiquette. It is worded, so far as regards representatives of fore governments, on the articles adopted by the ess of Vienna, in regard to precedence of Am- assadors and Ministers, and by this rule precedence is accorded to the Diplomatic Commissioner of the United Statee—the second rank to the Consu] Ge- neral of Great Britain—and the third to the local Consul of France. These take precedence next after the Queen, Premier, and members of the Privy Council, and after them the Governors of Islands, Judges of the Supreme Court, Nobles, Chiets, &c.—Boston Atlas. Fring in Perxsxitt.—Peekskill was last night the scene of one ot the most destructive fires tha! ever has been witnessed in this vicinity. The fire ori- ginated about 11 o'clock, in the building near the corner of South and Division streets, and spread with great ra- pidity to the adjoining building, damaging and destroy: ing property to the amonnt of irom six to eight thousand dollars, loss, as near as we conld ascertel principally upon the following persons :—Clark & joss about $700, and no insurance. Noah Underhill—loer $800; insurance for $400, Aeron Travis—loss about $800, and no insurance Jacob Denike—loss estimated at 1200 of which was covered by insurance, North. lose about $160; no insurance. J. Briggs and about $100; no insurance. Mr. Betts, moan, lost all his furniture and clothing—value not ascer- tained; no insurance Miss Doty, milliner, lost a part of her goods; value not ascertained. The Misses Hart, whc occupied a pert of Noah Underhill’s building, we under- }, falls ent— stand, lost nearly all their furniture; value not ascertain. od. The building occu: by J. 8. Tennatt, and owned by the heirs of Jacob it, deceased, was also slightly injured. Tho entire loss, including damages, by moving &e., will probably be from 6100 to dollers, Insurance only $1600. Onr print materiala were mostly re moved, causing much re and loss to us, in conse quence of which we be com send our readers but half a sheet, until we con regulate our types, and get them in & suitable condition to use.— Peekskill Demoeret, a Price Two Cents, Cusa News.—The New Orleans Picayune of the 8th instant, gives the following budget of news from Havana :— We continue here in thi quiet state, an ikely long to be so. Nothing is heard ofinsur- rections, plots, or counterplots. The cry now is “Short crops! short crops !” and every bod; talking of the poor pravens for the coming year. Having, however, often betere heard similar shouts from these “bears,” or whatever you please, 1 put little credence in them, and Havana, Dee. 4, 1844. juiet will in m; review of the market give you what | am able to learn from competent judges im different parts of the country : pe About 8000 troxps_fermed ou the pa round, and the different banners wee duly sprinkled ‘ith holy water by the bishop, und after the oath to d wos taken by the soldiers, be gave thema homily on their duty to the Queen, to themselves. and to their God. We thought it rether strange that those two personeges were placed before the Deity, but suppose it’s all right—sol- diers, no doubt, are essentially different from us civic chaps. Our Admiral is driving on, endeavoring to finish a sloop of war which he has on the stocks, in o! to launch her and give a grand Christmas ball on board. The ladiesare all ou the tiptoe of expectation thereat ; tor cocked hats, swords and gold epauiettes are as bewitchii any other of the world, and the ladies esteem in Span- ish as much as they do in English the poet’s thought— “ None but the brave deserve the fair.” Talking of driving, reminds me of one of your drivingis- i low me to goin word—cl ters that we now here—Dr. Rodgers, of the Gas Works. A few s sinee he began his operations here for the Havena Company, and the way he ustonishes the “natives” with his go-ahead principles is a caution, We wish him all success. The foundation of the new light house is laid, and on Sunday next great doings are to be done in Ker mgd “ lapis inscriptionis,” which is to be effected by the Captain-General, with benefit of clergy, &. The tower does not stand on the site of the old one, but a little more inward, it having been considered unsafe to place it as far out on the point of the rock as the former was, because of the wearing away of the stone from the section of the sea, The light will be an excelient one ;—the reflectors and apparatus were made in Paris, at a cost of $12,000, Our theatrical world is quite lively just now, St. Cecilia Society has been rejuvenated, and is now call- ed the “Liceo Artistico.” shey are now porhemiog operas there, all the parts being taken by amateurs. they are periormed in a style that would put to the blush many professional aytistes, The last formance was “T Puritans ;” and trom the prima donna to the choris- ters, all were admirable. With such a substitute we are not in want of “the regular opera;” besides, it is much more pleasant to attend the “ Liceo,”—no boxes—no par- quette—no envious distinctions ; all is good society, and ail is good feeling and harmony. One, too, feels far more delight hearing the fine airs of the Italian masters from the sweet lips of his own unpaid countrywomen. When will the Crescent City be abieto get up an opera among ite dileteanti ? ‘We do not see in our streets the usual concourse of strangers that formerly poured in upon us from the North. Have our antics frightened them? or are our akies less balmy ? Our word for it they can come with as much confidence as ever ;—no dangers now threaten our politi- cal, physical, or moral existence. The steam propeller ‘mora arrived here yesterday from New York—seven days’passoge. She is said to be a fine boat, and intended for the trade between this and your city. Supreme Court or tur Unitep Stares.—Dec. 16.—No. 2. Ex pation Jn the matter of Wm. Chris- ty vs. the City Bank of New Orleans. The argu- tment of the motion for a prohibition in this case was concluded by Mr. Henderson in support thereot. No 9, J. McDonough, et al., plainti In error, va. Laurent Miilaudon, et al. The argument of this cause was continued by Mr. Coxe tor the deten- gant 2 crea Adjourned till to-morrow morning, o'clock. Naw Sreamer. -The John 8. McKim, under the command of Capt. Moore, arrived here yesterday in ten days from N. York via Key West. She isa large *quare-rigged vessel, has fine accommodations for passen- gers, and uses Erricsson’s propellers instead of the ordi- nary paddle wheels. She is intended for the Havana trade. Since writing the above, we have received a letter from our Hévana correspondent, announcing the arrival there of the steamship Marmora, in seven days from New York. It is said that she, too, is to run between this and the for- mer city, and should the Prat rove true, we shall have steamers enough in the tra fai Sar Pic,, Dec. 8. ~NEW YORK AND HARLEM RAILROAD COMPANY. WINTER AKIANGEMER On and after October 2 the ty Hall for ban Wiig dee al ‘3. P. i. M., 11.45 A. M. City Hall 825 A.M. es White Plains for City Hi +5 130 2, M., 4.P.M. Freight traiua will Lea 245M. ‘Leave White Plains at 8A, M. ‘The Westchester ‘I'rain will stop only, after leaving the City Hall, at the corner of Broome st, and the Bowery. Vaushall Gar- den and Zith street. An. Extra ill. precede ench ‘Train aty myptes before the time, of from the City Hall, and will take up passengers alot Extra Harlem and Morisiania termediate plnees, Leave City Hall for Marlem and Morrisi M,WA.M,2P.M., 4.30P. M. Lew fall, 6AM, 10'A. M.A. M. By order of thu B 18 3m* rec NOTICE—On and after Wednesday foe iuscaut, the ‘Train that leives City Hil for Har- lem, at 10 o'clo M., and the Tra'n 1! Jeaves Harlem at 11 o'clock, A. M., for City Hall, Wat be tiuued, New Yo.k, December 12th, 1344. ald twre N. ORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL ARITISH AND N STAM RICA Of 1200 tons and 440 Under contract with the of the Aad en pS tere i asd Bebtom, wine From Boston. sAoputih. WINT ARRANGEMENT: Un ond atver & @ secof October the cars will leave— Ni ‘oni go'clock A.M. 1% * M. tovclock A. M. So’clock A. poeleen poles BE s20 fl oe (TP NOTICE. 20 STATEN ISLAND Ree ee renee. ‘On and after Sunday, Dee. 1st, the Boats will leave ax lows, until farther notice:— ee eT AVE STATEN ISLAND: 0, A, Md and 43g, BoM. “aa New Youn (On Sundays dhe Bost will caveat 11, A-M., in place of 12. n2ore FALL AND WINTER Al GEMENT. NEWARK AND NEW YORK. w MND SWier SEAMEA RAINBOW, tie CRPrAIN JOUN G. sa 3 and after Septem! On 10th will ily, . foot of Centre #1 ore Uanve Nev ork, {oot of Barclay street, erelock PM ay apa rre WINTER MAIL LINE FOR ALBANY, ¥, ats o'clock, P. M., landing at inter- DA ta places. VULUMBLA, Captain William H. | oad 7, Wednesday, wriday, and Sunday ‘Aeraossa’ ot aelock Steamboat WTICA, Captain &. Hyatt, om Tuesday, ‘Thoredgy tad Sacurdny Afiarmooney at 5 o' asserigers taking the above line arriye in Al baiy im ample ame to takel the ‘of Cars for she east or west. ‘Ihe bonts are new JS) jaa), are far- ‘ished with new and elegant state , and for speed and ae- ‘ommodations, are warivailed on the H ‘ae ’ L ©, Behales, ctthel Rativreeliet fvesiy tne uss a aie GHANGE OF LOCATION. UNITED STAN GARAND ALIAS TWEEN NEW ‘ia——B | UGEPORT—HOU- EATON AND. ah AILROADS—The KUREKA, Cape Arges x SIMKOD, Cept Brooks, will Ld a ies ‘Sundays ex 7A ‘at Bri + proceed ii i i withere seaneotel Beowams or jie sans, eal r He atom, woth 04 ¢| fight and . apely Hisanud Boonirey's Express othen,'S Wall strect 0 TUN MABON: Bererlatendant, «172 South street. “Fo 'H, GARDINER AND oO FOR BATH, The aoe ene PENOBES Bt hat ‘rill’be in readlneas on her arrival at the above convey passengers to the ueighhoring towns. jae the 200 Dec —The Lad AL 4 "Westie, Captain hal « Will positivel as above, ag ennai neeprny hy and JOHN d Oy treet,