New Britain Herald Newspaper, December 1, 1922, Page 22

ST T—— from ruet, and thex are also fitted to [ of bronze propellérs, ete, in prmflmny' nrdhl‘r-und eleotro galvaniz the stern posts of steel ships to pre. [to steel, 1 ) vent the steel frame and plates from At thé present timeé there are three being altacked by the corrosion which [ methods of applying 4 zine coating to would otherwise result from the use |iron or steél—hot dipped galvanizing or use far the produet, and he finally died a ruined man, Deny's work de- veloped into what has - since been known as the “Relglan Proeoss,” and today all zine is smelted by éfther the g, The oldest and most generally used (Contlnued On Following Page). ' ROMANCE IN ZINC FOUND BY JOURNEY TO THE PAST e—————— Galvantxing and' other forms of sinc discussad at Robinson of Wil- Co, of Miadle- of a series of given recently ot the Y. M. C. A. At that time Herald was unable to print in full but takes this to do so believing ' thé romantic story of this ocommanplace substance is of In- tarest to a great many New Drit- ain metal workers, BY W. J. ROBINSON, Galvanizing has always been shrouded in more or less mystery, For despite the fact that galvanizing has now been practiced for so many years, “and is applied very commonly to the &unuu of every day life, we doubt '§f there s any othér manufacturing eceas (that has passed the patented | vfor secret stage) upon which so little ‘sccurats information is readily avall-| able. Encyclopaedias pass over the L subject very briefly, and comparative- | L |1y little has ever beéen written upon if. | . Possibly this condition ia due to ‘jearly attempts to keep the galvanizing Froee- a secret. Then too, the work| tself 18 hard and the piekling pro- cess’ 18 of a disagrecable nature so ghat the type of men who engage In 1§t were not given to writing. Galvanizing is the term commonly used In the hardvare and iron trades #0 describe the process by which fron and steel are coated with zinc to pro- gect ‘them from rust. The word “gal- wanited” is derived from the name of Dr. Lulgi Galvani, a distinguished Jtalian scientist who made important disedveries in connection with elee- grical currents. In following up Gal- ‘vani's work, other scientists gradually ‘Jearnéd that one metal could be de- Al ted upon another by means of an @lectric current as in electroplating. etal s0 coated was said to be “gal- vanized” no matter what metal was used: to form the coating. In some| y _or other when the hot prnrus’ _of galvanizing was actually iavented this term was fastened upon it al- though no electric current was used or ever has been in connection with hot dipped galvanizing. So properly . speaking the term ‘“galvanizing” is a 'Ifil?:mer when applied to the hot process. : Somethingz About Zinc. Before attempting a brief descrip- tiontof the various methods of zinc L 'ng. it seems in order to say a £ little, something about zine. 1t is a peculiar metal, and was the last of ghe seven common meétals to be ex- ed from its ore. When heated it ‘Pecomes volatile, and undonbtedly #his characteristic accounts for the delay in its extraction as a metal. For ‘a8 seon as the ore was sufficiently Reated it passed off in the form of va- , and in this way. escaped the tiee of early experimenters. . @itrange to say, however, men had been using zinc in connectlon with: ‘eopper to produce brass during prac- y the entire recorded portion of g'u%m history, and a . fascinating % which would;iflustrate splendid- 9 ersistency of the " metallurglsty, might be written iit, but we tan only touch upon 2 “this nature. wly essential to the “and although the s making brass as| § . € apparently little own of its gétual nature. In ¥iof the fact that they had not 2 ded in extracting zinc from its | gre /Gt that time, and did not even ' %flm there was such a metal, it | §s Apubtful if they, Fecognized brass ‘sn alloy, but on the other hand pably supposed that they had dis- v a way of hardening coppe “Aristotle’s “Peculiar Earth.” The great Aristotle; Who lived in the {fourth century B. C., refers to brass igs ‘‘mossinoecian copper,” and states gbat it was made by melting copper ‘with a certain peculiar earth found pn the shores of the Black Sea. Just how the early brass foundry men-cis- "lcovered that copper melted with this ‘peculiar earth” would produce brass " 4a, of courseé, unknown to us. It may {have been accidental or the discovery of some forgotten genius, who doubt- Jess did his best to keep his superior knowledge secret, and so died unher- alded and unsung like many another human benefactor. Probably this “peculiar earth’” men- oned by Aristotle was what we now {knew as calamine, one of the most ,eommon of the ores from which zinc CHESTS THE IDEAL GIFT Every woman appreclates a CEDAR CHEST They Are Fast becoming the most popular of Gifts. We doubt If you will find, anywhere, a more comprehen- sive display than we are now showing. Prices for finely finished and eonstructed Chests start as low T $14.50 C. C. Fuller Co. 40-54 FORD STREET | ternity, and is a metal of a very singu- Is obtained, When making brass dur- ing the Middle Ages, the smelters em- bedded pleces of copper in a mixture of calamine and charcoal, placed in| crucibles, and then subjected the) whole to a high temperature, The zine In the calamine was reduced by the earbon in ‘the charcoal, and in the form of vapor combined with the | copper to produce hrass, This pro- | ecss was, of course, crude and ex- pensive compared with modeérn #etho. Iftect of Zine Mixed With Copper, The effect of zine alloyed with cop- per Is to make a mixture harder than the copper, and all the alchemists of the period were familiar with the re. sults obtained hy melting copper with alchemists nor the that there was such a metal as zine, and it was not until 1721 that Henckel | published his discovery that this metal | could be obtained from calamine, First Mentlon of Zine, The first mention of zinc as a metal oceurs In a treatise on minerals by Paracelsus, a Swiss physicion and scientist, who lived 1493 to 1541, His account is quaint, and will bear un-i ing: “There Is another metal called the | #inken, which ds unknown to the fra- lar kind. Tt can be melted, for it con- sists of three fluid principles, but is| not malleable. In its color it is un- like all others and does not grow in the same manner, but withl its ultima materia T am as yet unacquainted, for it is almost as strange in fts preper- ties as argentum vivum. It admits no mixture, will not bear the fabrications of other metals, but keeps {tself en- tirely to itself.” " Chinese Early Produced Zinc. In the 16th century, however; ad- venturous traders, who had made the long and perilous journey to China and the Fast Indies, brought this setal badk to Europe with them, Fvi- dently the Chinese had been produe- ing it for a long time, but in 1595 Libavius (who was the first Europ to investigate the properties of zinc with any exactness) refers to this im- ported product as ‘“peculiar kind of tin” found in th¢ East Indies, and called “calaem.’” Zinc and Spelter, In England the term *‘Spiauter!’ was applied to this metal of eastern origin, 2nd the Scientist Boyle, who lived from 16261691, uses the names “bis- | muth” zinc and spiauter as synony- mous. It is apparent, therefore, that| practically a century after Libavius, | Boyle (the greatest chemist in Iing- land at that time) was not familiar | with the exact nature of zinc. It is believed that “spiauter’] is a word of East Indian origin, meaning to smoke, to fume when hot. From it we derive our English word “spel- fars” the name by which zinc is now commonly known in the trade. Zin¢ and spelter are different names used to describe the famé metal. There is a distinction; however, for in the strict sense spaiter -applies to the material| only when s east, ‘as in the form ot slabs, whilé zinc signifies that it calamine. Yet at that time neither the | § foundrymen knew | i tria, Drink and Enjoy the tea with the million dollar flavor LIPTON'S TEA Largest Sale in the World has been rolled into sheets, drawn, spun or stamped, John Champion, an Englishman, as the firgt to produce zine in a commereial way in Furope. He took eut a patent for his pracess of ‘‘dia. tillation downward,” as it is called, in 17 and in 0 built a plant at Bristol. It has been said that Cham- pion's methods were Chinese, and that one Dr. Isaac Lawson had made a journey to China expsessly to etudy the problem. It is not certain that this is true, but zine was actuvally produced in small quantities, although Lthe enterprise was not a great sue- a8, for the bulk of the zinc wused {rontinued to come from the Far Fast for many vears afterwards. The genius of Champion blazed the way for further attempts on the part; of his countrymen and others, al- ¢hough no permanent results were achieved immediately. His ideas bore fruit about 60 years later when the knowledge of his acqpmplishments penetrated to Silesia, and resulted in the development of what has since been known as the “Silesian Process.” Johann Ruhberg of Pless. Kammerassessor Johann Ruhberg of Pless had studied the art of zine making in FEngland, and brought Champion's secret to Silesia. This man built the first zinc furnace in Silesia in 1798 or 1799, There is some doubt about the exact date. At about Klagenfurt, in the Duchy of Carinthia, Austria, devised a practical method of smelting zinc, and between the efforts of these two men, tions, tny were laiq in Central Europe. and their inven- the foundations of the indus- Abbe Daniel Pony of Liege. Without knowledge of Champion's work or of the developments in Aus- Abbe Daniel Dony, a Belgian chemist living in Liege, discovered a method ‘of extracting zinc from fits ore in.4805. He had heen experi- menting for 25 years, but his attempt to engage in the production of zinc In a commercial way was unsuccess- ] tul because there was then no demand | steam ‘bollers to protect SHEEPSKIN COATS SHOE $2.98 SWEATERS 79¢, $1.25, WOOL HOSE Hartford | Munson Last Work SLIP - ON — THIS LOT OF — BLANKETS Belgian or Silesian process, Purther Development, In 1818, Dominique Masselman, who I# described as a man of vast energy, took up Dony's work, and apent the rest of his life In perfeoting manufac- turing processes, and endeavoring to create a market for the new metal, Acéording to Ingall's “Production and Properties of Zinc" (a work to which we are indebted for much of above information), at the time of Dominique Mosselman's Acath |n 1837, “the Industry could scarpely be sald to exist in the ‘west of Wurope except in expectation.” This immenge in. dustry, thereforc, 1s a growth of the past 80 years, It* is {interesting to note that M. Mosselman died the same year that H. W. Crawford teok out his patent for the hot galvanizing process, which demonstratad the value of zinc as a protective agency against corrosion, Bixty per cent of the zine now pro- duced is used In the galvanizing in- dustry, 18 per cent goes into brass products, Zine now ranks third among necessary metals, heing ex- ceeded In Importance only by iren " |and copper, Why Zinc Peotocts | From Rust, The use of zine to protect iron pro- ducts against rust is hased upon cer- tain seientific prineiplés which are still the subject of profound study, but which we shall explain in every day language without recourse jo techni- calities. A zinc coating en iron or steel in- volves an application of the princi- ples of an electric battery. To put |it as simpleé and clearly as possible: iglven the preseénce of moisture any two different motals placed in con- tact will set up galvanic aetion, is, they aetually generate an eleetrie current. One of the metals is always | positive, and the other negative, and |as in the case .of a battery the posi- }ll\'l- métal is destroyed. Wheén the two metals are iron and 7inc, the zinc is electro positive to jiron, and the iron electro négative to |zine. When placed in contact, there- ifore, the zine will be slowly but sure- !y destroyed by this mysterious ac¢tion, i but until it is destroyed the fron can- not rust. A Simple Demonstration. A simple way to demonstrite the the | That |{ truth of this principle is to place a|; 1 e ia The People’s 1c to 98¢ Stare 328-332 MAIN ST. Sheet Musie All the Latest Popular Sheet Music NEW BRITAIN ' LADIES’ WAISTS, 980 Each Main Floor The Christ NO. 7 BROOMS : 590 Each 2nd Floor " THRIFT HAIR NET self adjusting, double mesh 3 for 25(: Main Floor " TABLE DAMASK . good quality Gaxin........yd.sg‘c Wm. A. Rogers 26 Piece Set SILVERWARE CUT" GLASS SHERBETS Grape Cut 35(: Each 2ad Floor 7-PIECE WATER SET grape, design i $1.89 Set 2nd Floor . mas Store Now that the Christmas season is nearing we would advise the shoppers to come and | do their trading as early as possible as they can get a complete selection in every line here, We have a ful! line®of Tovs of every descriptien, Dry Goods, Notions, Hosiery, Crockery, Glassware, etc. We offer a few of the many articles that we carry for Saturday Shoppers: PILLOW CASES 36x42, good quality 230 Each Main Floor "BED SHEETS 12x90 890 Each Main Floor ALLL HARD CANDIES Main Floor CHILDREN’S PANTS up to size 16 98¢ Main Floor ipiece of iron and a piece of zinc in| & 'a jar containing a weak solution of |sulphuric acid. If kept apart both {metals will be eaten away by the | acld. (‘npct the iron and zine by means of a the same time Bergrath Dillinger, of ccpper wire which. passes outside the !solution, making sure that the wire is in géod metallic contact with both metals, an electric current will start through the solution of a¢id, running from the zinc to the iron. Under this perfectly from the action of the acid, while the zinc will be eaten away more |to the iron. | More Practical Applications. This attribute of zinc as a protec- tive agency in connection with iron or steel is recognized and utilized in lother practical ways besides galvan- izing, Slabs of zinc are placed in the tubes — WORTH $5.00 — Marine Work SHOE $3.48 SWEATERS $2.45 WOOL HOSE LEATHER JERKINS — $3.48 MOLESKIN COATS . T N e ST 3 WOOL MUFFLERS $1.25, $1.50 and $1.75 SWEATERS ~ COAT SWEATERS §2.25, Heavy Army Work SHOE $3.98 SWEATERS $3.95 and $4.95 WOOL HOSE 21c-35¢c-45¢-55¢-69¢ and 79c On the dther hand if you con-|; condition the iron will be protected |;{ rapidly because it is electro positive |’ True Aspirin Marine Dress SHOE $3.98 ARCADE COFFEE MILLS glass top $_1 »2 Ffi ach 2nd Floor The Army cnd Navy Supply Co. 56 CHURCH STREET SATURDAY SELLING e AT e LADIES’ VANITY CASES 98 C Each Main Floor ) ‘MEN’S SHEEPSKIN . COATS Officers’ Dress SHOE $4.98 UNDERWEAR ~ UNDERWEAR UNDERWEAR UNDERWEAR ~ UNION SUITS §1.45, $1.95 and $2.25 TWO - PIECE 79¢ and 95¢ GLOVES WOOL KNIT 65c, 75¢, $1.25 GLOVES ~ MEN'S CAPS—9c R e o = R S REG. NAVY PEA COATS R T 1 P . Sl P LEATHER PUTTIES - I 50c, GLOVES LEATHER 75¢, $1.25 and up GLOVES MEN’S HOSE — 10¢ LEATHER - COATS TRUNKS - BAGS SUITCASES 20 PER CENT. OFF SATURDAY R A B S