Evening Star Newspaper, January 26, 1942, Page 11

Pearl Harbor Accusations Analyzed Our_ System Held ‘Indicted By Implication’ By DAVID LAWRENCE. While the Roberts report on the! Pear] Harbor tragedy primarily ac- | cuses Admiral Kimmel and Gen.| Bhort, it really, on careful readmg,‘ goes much further. The re- cital of sensa- tional facts and circumstances indicts a system. And that system involves, by im- plication, the of- ficials in Wash- ington as well as the com- manders in the fleld at Pearl Harbor. For the report David Lawrence. reveals "that despite telegraphic warnings issued by Washington to the Hawailan commanders in ample time, there was no follow-up, no check and double check by high offi- cials in Washington to see if the orders to take proper measures of protection were actually being com- plied with at Hawaii From November 26 to December 7—the day of the Japanese attack— 11 whole days elapsed. , On the former date it was known to the President and his cabinet that a stiff note had just been sent to Japan by the United States Gov- ernment demanding. in effect, that Japan should virtually surrender in her war with China. It was a serious message to send to a first-class naval power and a serious decision. Unfortunately the contents of the note were withheld from the American people and the press until December 7 but the Roberts report shows that Washing- ton for some time had been sending grave warnings and on November 27 and thereafter actually advised the commanders at Hawaii of impending War. And yet nobody high up in Wash- ington during those 11 days took the trouble to decide whether Hawaii should be placed under “alert num- ber one” ‘or “alert number two” or “alert number three” or to find out just what form of alert was being ordered in Hawaii. Indifference Charged. Nobody in Washington took the trouble to ascertain whether the mechanical detection apparatus which warns of approaching air- planes was being operated in Hawaii for a few hours a day or for 24 hours a day and nobody took the trouble to check up and see whether the Army and Navy commanders were in joint consultation daily on measures of adequate protection for Hawail against surprise attacks. | | | This was Washington's job as it would be in any general headquar- ters responsible for operations in the fleld where excellent communication 1 facilities exist, including the over- geas telephone. | Why also were the cable and radio eircuits out of Hawaii to Japan un- watched or still unrestricted after the critical decision of international policy was made on November 262 | The Federal Bureau of Investiga- | tion is under the Attorney General who reports to the President. The On the Record THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JANUARY 26, 1942. This Changing World Nazis in Russia Face Grim, Gray Army Of Sixth Columnists—Typhus Lice By DOROTHY THOMPSON. In the second half of January they entered the war on the Russian front. Nobody saw them come. Over the white wastes a few airplanes zoomed. The tem perature registered 30 below. In that still fri- gidity the en- gine would not turn over, and the oil congealed to frozen jelly. Strange high tanks poked ominous black noses Dorothy Thompson. over the drifts and from them spurted flame. Sometimes, from the east, wildly riding on stocky horses, came weird men in white wool Navy intelligence officer wanted the | F. B. I. to arrest the 200 Japanese spies, but the Army commander in Hawaii intervened and prevented it. Why did no high official in Wash- ington protest against this and by whom were the “restrictions” against counterespionage imposed and why | didn’t some one in the War or Navy Departments in Washington insist that the President remove such re- | — strictions after November 262 Above all, why was it that even if Admiral Kimmel and Gen. Short did not expect a surprise attack by air. nobody among the senior officers of either the Army or Navy in Hawaii argued for measures of greater pro- tection against such a possibility? Other Questions Raised. Why. inasmuch as Secretary Knox in January, 1941, and his aides in subsequent messages had pointed out the dangers of an air attack, didn't the high naval officials in and sheepskins: Tall fur hats on their heads, and machine guns mounted on their saddles. And in the white nights hordes of white-hooded runners came skimming over the snows, in- visible. until some short black thing in their hands shattered with red flame the doors and windows of the hut. (Auf Wiedersehen, Maria komme bald zurueck!) A god-forsaken country, he had thought, marching forward, for- ward The radio had said, “Was machst Du jetzt in Russland?” Dirty wooden villages, muddy squares, and rutted roads. Le- bensraum. . (In the summer the little steamers went chug chug from Cologne to Mainz past vine-em- bowered ‘villages; the wine was crisp and flowery under the chest- nut trees; the white ships had moved handsome as duchesses into Hamburg; in Oberstdorf, in winter, one sat with one'’s back to the green tiled stove and drank mulled wine. Deutschland . . . Deutschland . . . Was mach ich jetzt in Russland . . . Heil . . . Heill) Paris in Spring Different. On to Leningrad! On to Mos- cow! On to Kharkov, Rostov, on. Tt was different when we walked to Paris in the spring. There it spread out like a scene in the theater, broad alleys, thick green leaves over white streets, glassy pavilions with little marble ta- bles, curving bridges over the river, pitched green roofs, se- cretive palaces, the great Place de this and Place de that, and the surprised haughty. pained look the people had. Silk stock- ings for Maria then, and per- fume. and a good bed. A job for a Herrenvolk . . . taking Na- poleon’s town Napoleon. He went to Moscow, too. January, February, March, April, May and spring would come again Just hold on, hold and fight, till spring. It’s fairly equal now. But in the spring. Then came the silent, the in- visible gray army. Tt marched gray and still through the cracks and doors of the inclosures in Poland . . . the new ghettos. Marching by he had looked in and his stomach had turned over. Those blue and hollow faces with the sunken staring eyes. Those wraith-like bodies clad in filthy rags. “Der lebende Leichnam”— the living corpse. Held seen that play once . . . in Berlin . . . some cursed Russian wrote it . . . Tol- stov. ich why do they have to moan like that? Dirty Jews. all die? The Fuehrer knows best. Trust the Fuehrer. Silent, Invisible Army, The gray army was silent and invisible. It crept alopg the gut- ters, along the walls, after the passing soldiers. It had fought in Eastern cam- paigns before; long ago the Rus- sians had met it and fallen before it. But there was a law that those who had once met it and sur- vived need never fear it again. But here were new armies for it: Clean, hygienic, arrogant. Master-folk. The gray guerillas, if you saw them, made you shudder with disgust. Fat little bodies, and tentacle-like legs, made to crawl, to stick, to cling. Hunger, cold and dirt their element. Wool, and fur, hair, and the warm, close bands of brown collars around throats. The German armies in the last war knew them well. Therefore they made no winter campaign. A stalemate from December to May. And every eight days every man relieved from the front to go back to hot water, soap, clean clothes, carbolic, camphor. The damned Russians were practically immune. In the shattered hut, he picks them off his shirt—looks in the neckband, the armpits — picks them out and drops them in the stove. Disgusting. Make you feel like a pig. But, “Krieg ist Krieg" all in the day's work, and only one in a thousand harmful, prob- ably, if you can put up with the itch. Heil Hitler! Pain Is Searing. Nobody shot him. Then why this blinding, hideous, searing pain across the brows, that §¢llps a man, not once, but many times? Just now his finger froze on the trigger of his gun. Did it freeze or did it burn? His finger is afire, his head, his limbs, his heart. A heart that beats 130 to the minute suffocates the breath: the temperature is 30 below zero; but the tongue burns and swells at 105 degrees of fever. The sun glares in burning eyes and grows dark. The arms drop, the limbs crumble. No Russian comes. No gunfire, no planes, no tanks. Crazily he feels himself burning to death on the ice, the dying brain delirious, the burning tongue licking at the snow. In a base hospital in a strictly quarantined ward, they could pump camphor into paralyzed veins to stimulate an exhausted heart. But where are the hospitals? There are not enough doctors. In the, pig pen of the Gheqa from which the gray troops poured are doctors, Jewish doc- tors, dying, too, like this. Perish the Jews! Gray Army Spreads Panic. The boy's eyes glaze. The burning body freezes where it lies The gray guerillas crawl to the next soldier. They multiply as they move. And the word of their coming spreads panic. Their element is hunger, dirt and cold. They begin their cam- paign in the last weeks of Jan- uary. They reach the peak of their .blitzkrieg at the end of February. They continue their death crawl into March. Civilized hygienic men least immune. The Sixth Column. ‘Typhus Lice. (Released by the Bell 8yndicate, Inc) Why don't they are stead of the dispersal of airplanes at the Hawaiian air fields? All these questions are pertinent and they go far beyond the apparent effort to confine the responsibility to Admiral Kimmel and Gen. Short. There was, to be sure, a deplor- able lack of co-ordination between | the two. Each went his respective way. Each assumed the other was deing things he was apparently not | doing. But isn't this the traditional system of separated authority in our Army, Navy and air force with | dent of the United States, thousand and one The system of unco-ordinated com- mand in Washington and in the field is obsolete. Three thousand Amer- ican boys have paid with their lives to establish that fact. (Reproduction Rights Reserved.) Jesse Lasky’s Son Weds HOLLYWOOD, Jan. 26 (&) —Wil- liam Raymond Lasky, 20, and Mar- gery Lowe, 23, secretary, were mar- ried yesterday at the home of the with & things to do? | | i | | ¢I'Hl opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are pre ed in The Star’s effort to- give all sides of questions of int readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. The Great Game of Politics Critic, Citing Its Record, Says Congress Has Little to Be Proud Of By FRANK R. KENT. Unless it experiences-a quick change of heart it will never be said of this Congress that, during the war, it distinguished itself for dis- interested and patriotic service. 38 On the contrary, | strong case can be made right now for the § reverse. Certain- ly. the record of # the last six months is noth- ing of which to be proud. To be sure, Congress has voted almost unanimously the Frank R. Kent. uncounted billions asked by the President for the prosecution of the | gmine itself and change its atti- war. It wildly applauded the Roose- given the President all the personal power he asked. And much fervent oratory has come from Senators and Representatives | velt and Churchill speeches. It has | jet Congress know that super-heated personally | this session. | | stressing the necessity of sacrifices | | | | 1 | | | | [ i | | ! | upon the part of the people. But, have they themselves set an example | one. The thing that seems needed in this business of sacrifice? Have they given any evidence of willing- ness to relinquish any personal per- quisites in the national interest? Extra Clerk Hire Criticized. Let the record answer the ques- | tions. On December 12 the Senate, by a vote of 53 to 30, inserted in an appropriation bill provision giving each Senator an additional $4,500-a- year clerk. This was done despite pleas of various Senators that it was a shameless and inexcusable thing | to do at this time and under these circumstances. The House, seem- ingly more self-respecting on this proposal, heeded the protest and refused to concur, thus killing this sneaky little scheme. On January 19, the Senate, by vote of 42 to 24, passed a bill already | prigon threats, which the President and others are that every individual contribute his | reductions in normal governmental President and the Secretary of the | | Treasury and vitally necessary to national security. | est to its & pretty discreditable chapter in our legislative history. The spirit trying to inculcate in the American people is not being exhibited in the American Congress. Neither the breast-beating speeches about the irresistible might of the United States, nor the enthusiastic demand | all to the winning of the war, dis- | guises the fact that Congress is not doing its job well. 3 Change of Attitude Urged. It is exhibiting neither bigness nor intelligence. It votes loudly and enthusiastically for the war bil- lions and then gives an exhibition of petty politics and personal small- ness wholly incompatible with its patriotic professions. It is time for Congress to ex- tude. It is time for the people to oratory and huge appropriations do | not excuse the small, selfish and | supine business which have marked In or out of Congress, no one will | contend that the record is a good to make it utterly bad is the scut- tling of the Byrd committee re- port and the sidetracking of the expenditures urged also by the Already there is a unnwria:‘ group, among whom are some of our most oratorical and vociferous professional patriots, who are pre-l paring to do just that—if they can. | To Continue Pay Strike Brifish Coal Miners Vofe l | i a| B the Associated Press. LONDON, Jan. 26. — Ignoring 1017 Kentish coal passed by the House, extending the | miners voted unanimously yesterday retirement system to all members of Congress. It is, of course, un- precedented Persons elected to Federal office have never been re- garded as entitled to retirement benefits. Heretofore, they have ap- plied solely to appointed jobholders and the primary purpose was to provide some sort of pension for the small PFederal clerks whose pay is poor and who reach the age of 70 after long service. For members of Congress now to | legislate themselves into the retire- ment system is a plece of unadul- terated selfishness. It was done | over strong protests from Senator Byrd of Virginia, Senator Norris of | Nebraska and others who pointed out that this, in effect, was an act by the Senate to pension Senators; that it would be bad at any time, but with the Nation at war and the whole Federal credit system un- der terrific strain, it is an indefensi- ble action. 24 Are Overridden. Nevertheless it was taken. The 24 protesting Senators were over- ridden by the majority and unless the President vetoes the bill, which is not likely, members of Congress are “in.” Of course, it is small stuff, but it leaves a very bad taste in the mouth, particularly, when it is noted that irr the majority that voted for the additional clerk as well as for the pension proposal, were the Sen- ators who over the radio and on the Senate floor are most passion- ately patriotic, belligerent and in- sistent upon the necessity of sacri- fice. To these two purely selfish acts | must be coupled the larger facts that in the face of unmistakable in- flation perils Congress has fiddled and fooled with the vital price-con- | trol law for six months, that it has weakly and wickedly yielded to pressure from the farm lobby; that it utterly lacked the force to enact | anti-strike legislation; that it cra- venly dodged the wage regulation is- sue; that the House recently passed, under lobby pressure, two fantas- tically extravagant veteran pension proposals and a Senate committee | | ers already are in jail. | | Ministry of Labor has filed sum- | | benefits of the Federal civil service | to continue their strike for higher | wages, for which three of their lead- | At the largest miners’ meeting ever held at Deal, the coal workers ignored requests of the colliery man- | agement to return to work. The | monses against the men on charges | of conducting an illegal strike, and | it was understood that these would | be acted on if the walkout continued. | Three union leaders were sen- | | tenced to short prison terms Priday | on charges of failing to give the| required 21 days' notice of strike. Regarding possible fines for fail- ing to return to work, the miners’ attitude was summed up by their | spokesman: “We just can't pay until we earn | some money, so that's that.” The spokesman said the miners | were being paid the equivalent of | $140 a shift instead of their de-| mand for $2.05 plus a war bonus of | 23 cents for each ton of coal mined. | The company said the miners were being paid $1.40 a day. plus allow- ances. with an additional 21 cents for each ton mined. ' Australia Viewed as Likely Rallying Point For United Nations in Southwest Pacific By CONSTANTINE BROWN. Australian authorities have less reason for apprehension today than they had last week, when the Japanese invaded their terri- tory with landings in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The situation continues to be threat- ening, but they are confident that Australia and New Zealand will become rallying points for the United Nations in the Southwest Pacific. 7 For the next few weeks the Australians will have to get along as best they can with what men and materials are now at their disposal plus some small assist- ance from their allies. But while Japan's operations in Australia’s vicinity are impressive, they are really not on a large scale. JAusTRAns L For the time being the bulk of Japan's force—aviation, mechan- ized units and infantry—is still engaged in the desperate struggle north of Singapore, in the Neth- erlands Indies and in the Philip- pines. ‘The main part of Japan's navy —the battle force—is covering the North Pacific, either because it wants to avoid a surprise Ameri- can attack or because it plans to renew operations around Alaska or Hawaii. Only a portion of the nine or ten aircraft carriers Ja- pan is supposed to have in com- mission are operating in the South Pacific. Moves Are Preliminary. This general picture serves to indicate that the operations Ja- pan has undertaken around Aus- tralia are only preliminaries. The Japs want te establish bases from which to strike in force after Singapore and the Philippines have fallen. But until that hap- pens it is doubtful whether they will throw any important forces against the Australian mainland. In the light of this ultimate Japanese menace to Australia the defenders of the Philippines are selling their lives dearly. Only by some unforeseen miracle could Gen. Douglas MacArthur's army be relieved, but his com- posite force of Americans and Filipinos is pinning down no less than 15 Jap divisions and part of Japan’s light naval forces. The losses, such as yesterday’s which the “sacrifice divisions” in Luzon are inflicting on the Jap- anese are such that even if their resistance ends in a few weeks it would take some time before Nipponese forces could be reor- ganized and sent to other scenes of battle. A similar situation exists be- fore Singapore, where a line about 80 miles long is being held principally by fighting Austra- lians. While there is little hope of holding the Japanese back indefinitely, there is no question that they are paying heayily for every inch of ground they are conquering. May Last Another Month. Some of the 20 divisions they reportedly have thrown into that battle have already been wiped out. The remainder, if success- ful in taking Simgapore, will be 50 shaken and disorganized it will require some time to get them in condition for battle again. A certain number of Japanese divisiogs is in reserve in the homeland, and it is logical to assume that these could be sent to Australia at the proper mo- ment. But until both Singapore and the Philippines have ceased to resist—and both fronts appear to be good for probably another month—no large scale operations against Australia can be under- taken. The Australians became grave- ly concerned over the situation in recent days for two reasons: (1) They were under the im- pression that the United Nations Board of Strategy in Washington continued to look to Europe and North Africa as the principal theaters of operations; and (2) the vast majority of trained Aus- tralian fighters are in Africa, Malaya and the Near East. Of these two factors the sec- ond was the most serious because it was least amenable to remedy. Very few regular troops remain on Australian home territory; they are just sufficient to train raw recruits, and that is all These, together with the militia, are hardly adequate to offer pro- longed resistance to the would- be invader. Strategists Warned, The Canberra government was forced to pull up sharply the day- dreamers on the board of strategy in Washington, drawing their at- tention to the imminent peril to Australia and the consequences of a Japanese invasion of the continent. Canberra’s remonstrances re- ceived immediate attention in London and Washington, and the Australian government now feels that it may not be compelled to withdraw its troops from key positions where they are fight- ing. Their equivalent in quan- tity and quality is on the way to take up battle station in Aus- tralia. The United Nations' high com- mand recognizes the vital impor- tance of the South Pacific and will make a determined effort to stop the Japanese, even if Singa- pore and the Philippines are lost. Whatever the future strategy of the war reveals itself to be, it is firmly believed in Washing- ton that Australia will soon be- come the principal base from which the Allies will begin to operate successfully against the Nipponese and their allies. GROSNER’S SEMI-ANNUAL Drastic Clothing Reductions Here’s the way reductions go: For Suits and Overcoats—Group One—The $29.75 suits are now $24.75. Group Two—The $37.75 Main Cause Of Jap Blow In Hawaii Officers Believed Nippone&a Did Not Plan Air Attack By JAY G. HAYDEN. The main cause of the debacle at | Pearl Harbor December 7, and the ihctor that has kept the anti-Jap- | anese alliance perilously on the de- | fensive ever since, is sum- marized in two sentences of the 13,000-word re- port of the Rob= erts Investigat- ing Committee, as follows: “There has been amongst the responsible commanders and their subordi- nates, without exception, a con- viction, which persisted up to De- cember 7, 1941, that Japan had no | Intention of making any such (air) | raid. Consequently this form of at- ‘Lack was a complete surprise to all of the superior officers of the Army and Navy stationed in the Hawaii area.” The glaring fact, disclosed with ‘graphlc clarity in this report and confirmed by innumerable happen- | ings of the last seven weeks, is that the personnel of both the Army |and Navy were completely con- | temptuous of Japanese air power, | The British were equally so, as in- dicated by the paucity of planes at | Singapore and the loss of the battle- * ships Prince of Wales and Repulse, within less than an hour’s flight from Singapore, without a single | airplane coming to their aid ‘ The failure of the Navy and Army | commanders in Hawail to envisage | Japanese air attack is the more marked because their civilian su- periors, Secretary of the Navy Knox iand Secretary of War Stimson, as |early as January 24, 1941, warned {in remarkable detail against just what happened. Secretary Knox wrote Admiral Kimmel, commander of the Pacific fleet on that date, that “If war eventuates with Japan, it is believed easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon the fleet or the naval base at Pearl Harbor Among “dangers envisaged in their order of importance and probability.” this letter placed first and second | “air-bombing attack” and “air | torpedo plane attack” and declared that defenses against all but these | tWo were then satisfactory. Jay Hayden. Defense Steps Ordered It directed “dispositions to dis- |cover and meet such attack and provision of additional equipment therefor” and concluded with recom- mendations “for the revision of joint | defense plans with special emphasis |on the co-ordination of Army and Navy operations against surprise | aircraft raids.” | secretary Stimson, acknowledg- ing receipt of a copy of the Knox letter on February 7, stated that it had been forwarded to the Army | commander in Hawaii with instruc- j tions to “co-operate with the local | Naval authorities in making the suggested measures effective.” But Admiral Kimmel and Gen. Short continued to scoff at the idea | of Japanese air attack on Hawaii, even in the week preceding Decem- ber 7. Relating that these com- manders met during that week to discuss replacement of Marine air | forces in Wake and Midway islands with Army airmen, the Roberts report says “Admiral Kimmel inquired of his war plans officer, Capt. McMorris, | who was present, concerning the | probability of a surprise attack on Oahu (the island where Pearl | Harbor is located According to Gen. Short, Capt. McMorris replied there was no probability of such an | attack and, according to Capt. Mc= Morris, his reply was that the Japanese would never so attack. {* * * Admiral Kimmel and Gen. Short did not discuss means or measures for Hawailan defense in light of the messages.” To the contrary the report de- clares that Gen. Short, instead of | dispersing his air force to defensive | positions, deliberately concentrated | bridegroom's parents, the film pro- | is now considering them. no smgl‘e command fil'Ollr seaports | ducer and Mrs. Jesse L. Lasky. ‘When all this is added up it makes or outlying bases? Isn't this, more- | over, an outgrowth of the lack of a | unified command in Washington | itself? | Isn't too much responsibility al-[ Washington follow through and in- sist on measures of precaution and‘ protection? What, too, was the na- ture of the reinforcements asked for | last year by the Army and Navy commanders in Hawaii and who in them “to guard against possible sabotage.” Even so the planes were not manned, since the prevailing orders required them to be in readi- ness only after four hours' notice. The report revealingly seys and $44.75 suits are $31.75. Group Three—$45 Grosner over- coats, $44.75 and $50 Kuppenheimer suits are $39.75. Group Four —$50 and $65 Kuppenheimer suits and overcoats, $44.75. Washington made the decisions that deprived them of the weapons they needed? Who in Washington ordered or ways centered in the commander in chief of the Army and Navy, who is really the only official co-ordina- tor as between the two armed serv- Grosner of 13235 F St. “At least three fighter pilots, in total disregard of their own safety, attempted to take off in the face of greatly superior forces then ate eountenanced the concentration in- | ices? And isn't he also the Presi- A% LOANS Life Insurance Policy Cash Values | tacking their airdrome, but lost their | lives in the attempt. A few fighter | planes parked on an outlying gun- | nery training field, which was not attacked, took the air.” Main Forces Missed Action. Plainly the main air forces, either Army or Navy, never got into action | at all. Destruction and demoraliza- | tion of the force on the ground was | so great that only a scattered few | naval planes, engaged in exercises at sea, were able to go in pursuit | of the Japanese, following the at- | tack. The conclusion is inescapable that | the Japanese not only knew the | American unpreparedness for air |defense in every detail and the mental unpreparedness of Amer- ican commanders, but deliberately banked on these conditions. The Japanese did the whole job with 150 to 200 fighting,” bombing and torpedo planes (there were sev- eral times more American planes in and around Hewaii) launched from three or four Japanese carriers. The Japanese plainly had been getting ready for just this thing for a long, long time and the whole scheme functioned like clockwork. (Released by North American New: Alliance, Inc.) i aoed A house wren fed her young 1,217 times in a day. A Group of the World's Finest - OVERCOATS 455 KILDAIRE TWEED OVERCOATINGS from Athlone, Ireland. Reduced to.........ocon... .. Men’'s Furnishings REDUCED! STETSON & GROSNER SHOES INCLUDED = 3905 .*49.75 .*49.75 .*89.75 .359.75 Use Our Y% in 3 Charge Plan ® Pay Y5 February 15th ® Y5 March 15th ® Y3 April 15th Grosner of 1325 F St. $2.25 & $2.50 PAJA- MAS. 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