Evening Star Newspaper, May 26, 1940, Page 3

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MAY 26, 1940 —PART ONE. A-3 Vatican §Eee_ds Raid Shelters, Offers Diplomats Refuge if Italy Fights Pope Reporied Sure Of War Entry, but Won't Use Haven Bombing of Papal City Doubted, but Protective Measures Are Taken By the Associated Press, VATICAN CITY, May 25.—Papal authorities today recognized the possibility of Italian entrance into the war by offering refuge to diplo- mats accredited to the Holy See and speeding completion of Vatican City’s air-raid shelters. Prelates indicated Pope Pius XII is convinced Italy is going to war but that he refuses to leave Vatican City or consider using the air-raid shelter provided especially for him. The offer of refuge was made by Luigi Cardinal Maglione, papal sec- retary of state. The diplomats, who ordinarily live outside the Vatican City, were asked by letter to say whether they would return to their countries or take up residence in Vatican City in event Italy dropped her non-belligerency. Vatican Bombing Doubted. Bombing of Vatican City—slightly less than. 109 acres at the edge of Rome—is considered highly improb- able in ecclesiastical circles, even if Rome itself is bombed. But scrupulous concern for safety of the city’s inhabitants, numbering about 1,000, caused building of shel- ters, since it might be difficult for bombers to distinguish the papal city, particularly at night during blackouts. Two immense shelters, one for ecclesiastical inhabitants and the other for laity, were prepared. About - half the population is ecclesiastical. The shelter-for the ecclesiastics is in the basement of a six-story resi- dence for priests, the floors of which would be expected to break the fall ©f bombs. ‘The shelter for laymen is in a Renaissance tower built by Pope Nicholas V, Its stone walls are 30 feet thick. The tower, nearly 500 years old, is a veritable fortress. The ground floor, 80 feet in di- ameter, serves as the shelter. Above, there is a steel-reinforced throne room where the Vatican funds are kept. Air Conditioning Provided. Provisions to seal the shelter against gas attack and install air conditioning are being made. The tower once housed the Vati- can’s military guard and has been used to store benches and wooden barriers needed for ceremonies at St. Peter’s Church. The Pope's shelter is under the courtyard of the holy office. It could be reached by elevator from his third-floor apartment in the Papal Palace with only a few yards to walk. . The refuge was built despite the fact that the pontiff told intimates he would not use it. The Vatican library is prepared to keep precious books and art treas- ures in a steel-armored room on the ground floor of & wing off Belvedere courtyard. Experts say nothing can be done to protect the Sistine and Pauline Chapels, with their famous Michel- angelo frescoes: the Vatican mu- seum, picture gallery and St. Peter’s. Mrs. Roosevelt H&es War| Won't Affect Social Work By the Associated Press. LEESBURG, Va., May 25.—Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt said today that she hoped appropriations for the national defense would “not af- fect any of the social problems.” Her statement was in reply to one of many questions asked her dur- ing an informal talk to 200 school teachers, social workers and mem- bers of the Loudoun County Medi- cal Association at the home of Mrs. William Corcoran Eustis, near Lees- burg. The Nation, she said, should have not only a mechanical defense but also physical health as another aid to defense. In this connection she mentioned the co-operation of med- ical associations, with Government aid to correct physical defects among the unfortunates. “Apart from the three Rs” she told the gathering, “the most im- portant thing to teach not only children but adults is democracy. Children should be taught when very young the ability to discipline themselves and to build character in order to strengthen the democratic form of government.” Her reference to the national de- fense and social problems came in reply to a question as to whether she thought the increase in defense appropriations would affect the schools. Anti-Plane Guns Turned Against Tanks, Warships By the Associated Press. BERLIN, May 25—The anti-air- eraft gun, while not a new weapon, has been applied by the Germans in a different triple-threat manner. Aside from its fundamental func- tion in air defense, it has been turned successfully on tanks and— according to German announce- ments today—has been used to sink & French destroyer in the English Channel. Germans say that destroyers are the easiest victims of ground can- non and Germany's fast-firing, 88- millimeter (roughly 3%-inch) anti- aircraft guns which have a hori- gontal range of at least eight miles. i R L DELICIOUS and WHOLESOME A¢ Your Nearest Melvern Dealer, or Hobart 1200 Reich’s Large Gains No Sign Allies Are Beaten, Says Observer Losses Double Those Of Foe, Declares White, Back From War Zone William L. White arrives in the - United States at a critical mo- ment in world history after hav- ing traveled every warring Euro- pean nation except Poland. No other American mnewspaperman has done this. White begins to- day his first articles ‘on what events abroad may mean to our own social, economic and political Juture. - By WILLIAM L. WHITE. NEW YORK, May 25.—When the German Army smacked through the | little Maginot Line at Sedan, Ameri- can public opinion immediately went into a hysterical tailspin, decided that the Allies had lost the war, and began hollering at Congress for bombing planes to protect them from Hitler. | Now maybe the Allies have lost the war, or are about to lose it. But as I write this, with the German Armies bulging far out into France, there is no sign of either one. Let's imagine a situation in which one German Army had reached Paris, another one had swept into the channel ports, and a parachute force of 5,000 men were holding the cen- ter of London. It would be quite Ppossible for a military expert to pick up such a map and point out that the Germans had lost not only the battle, but the whole war as well; to show you how the thin German line was about to collapse like an egg - shell under Allied counter- attacks. Because the object of a war is not to capture territory but to destroy the enemy’s army. A second point to remember while the Germans are romping about in France, is that any army which takes the offensive is paying for the pleasure at the rate of losses which should nor- mally be about double those he is inflicting on the enemy. . So as long as the Allies are retir- ing in good order, it is costing Hitler two German tanks for every French tank, two Messerschmidts for every Hurricane, two German soldiers for every Allied soldier. The Nazis have plenty of tanks, planes and men. But they haven't double the number which the Allies have. They can't | keep it up indefinitely. ‘So long as they fail to disorganize the Allies, and so long as the Allies can make them pay at this two-for- one rate for every kilometer of ground that they take, you needn’t lose hope for the democracies. For they can afford, on this basis, to sell the Nazis Holland, Belgium, and most of Northern France, and still come out ahead. So now I want to tell you about how we had to stop to change a tire in the winter of 1918. It was the left front one of a big Army Cadillac, and while the driver worked with the lug wrench, we got out and looked around. We were just outside the little town of Meaux, which is 12 miles from Paris. Crossing the road were some old trenches and rusty barbed wire which the Germans had dug in 1914. Glancing up from that barbed wire, you could see the Eiffel Tower in Paris on the hori- zon, big as life and twice as hand- some. Because the Germans had come too far and too fast and had had terrific losses, their lines fell CHARLEVILLE, FRANCE.—PRISONER ROUNDUP—This photo sent by radio from Berlin to back from those trenches even be- fore the wire was properly strung. ‘They had lost the first fight, which later came to be called the Battle of the Marne. In the end they lost the war. I don’t know that they have lost this battle or this war, hut even though the line bulges far into France, there is no sign that the Germans have won it. BRAKES RELINED Goaranteed 20,000 mi. Free od- justments far the life of the linings. Hydraulics- Ford A Chevrolet 3 { $8 '25 Plymouth ¥ Buick 40 ! Pontiac CLIFT BRAKE SERVICE 2002-4 K St NW ME 6 New York shows one of the gathering points for prisoners captured by the Nazis in their recent drive on the West Front. Passed by German censor. Boulogne Trap for Thousands Of Refugees Briton Says Hysterical Men, Women and Children Waited At Maritime Station By the Associated Press. LONDON, May 25.—An English- man who witnessed this week’s fight- ing at Boulogne told tonight of being taken aboard a British destroyer while its guns thundered parting de- flance to German troops swarming into the Prench city. The witness, Frederick Brinjes, a businessman, said the ancient, sunny | city across the channel had become a shell-rocked, bomb-spattered trap | for thousands of refugees. Mr. Brinjes, brought home to Eng- land aboard the destroyer, declared “no journey ever seemed so good | to me.” | He told of spending two nights at | the maritime station in Boulogne where thousands of hysterical men, | women and children waited to get| out of the city. They were without water. There were no sanitary facilities. Machine gun bullets rattled in the streets. Saw Many Going Mad. “There must have been many killed,” he said. “I don't know how many. I know there were hundreds wounded and I saw many goln§ mad.” Mr. Brinjes reached Boulogn ‘Wednesday afternoon. “The street to the station was black with people,” he said. “It took me two hours to fight my way through the crowd. “Every time a bomb went off the| women would scream. No one tried | to stop them.” Many soldiers who had fought in | local engagements in the previous | several days were in the station, he said, and British and French de- | stroyers were moored nearby. “The heavy bombing and low- raking fire from planes started at dusk Wednesday and continued all night,” Mr. Brinjes said. “Not much damage was done to the station, but & number of people were cut by flying glass.” British soldiers distributed food. Saw Dog Fight Over Harbor. “I've got a can of bully beef in my pocket here now,” Mr. Brinjes ex- claimed. *“I was going to eat it for dinner Thursday night but there was no water and the women were hysterical by that time.” Among the spectacles was a “dog fight” between planes above the harbor. Two enemy planes fell into the sea in flames. By Thursday afternoon, he re- called, the German troops had pene- trated the town and captured guns on a hill near the Continental Hotel. “At 7 that night,” he continued, “three destroyers alongside the jetty opened fire on German gun em- placements on the hill. “The noise was terrific. The Ger- man fire was far from accurate but one destroyer finally was struck amidships. I learned later it reached & British port safely. Hotel Nazi Headquarters. “The remaining two destroyers put the German guns out of action. Many buildings along the sea front including the Hotel Folkestone were shelled. The hotel was the first German headquarters. “During the shelling other de- stroyers were taking aboard women, children and injured soldiers. “Many of the refugees were wounded by machine gun fire as they dashed about 50 yards to the destroyers. N “By 9 o'clock the Germans were coming toward the station. The SPECIAL INTENSIVE SUMMER COURSES (52 or 104 Hours) REGISTRATION CLOSES JUNE 22nd FRENCH istration Fee, $19 (Valid 1 Year) i et R Fayments 9 AM. to 8 PM. 5% Discount on courses pald by June 22. AEL 1115 Connecticut Avenue ° NA. 0270 At L, adjoining the Mayflower to Leave Shelled City British and French were fighting back, firing from under railway carriages and from behind sandbag defenses. German tanks began to appear. “At the moment I got aboard the | destroyer it was still firing. We made a top-speed dash across the Channel. No sea journey ever seemed so good to me.” Berlin (Continued From First Page.) weapon came from a source whose information heretofore has been | well-nigh official. As to this secret weapon, the spokesman declared, it is more im- portant than tanks, cars, or the famed 42 centimeter Howitzer proved to be in the World War. “On the authority of the high command of the armed forces, I say this weapon exists,” he said. “It still is entirely secret. It is not gas, nor a speedboat, nor para- chute troops, nor a glider, nor a flame thrower, nor troops landed from planes. “Adolf Hitler knew he could win with this new weapon. In a few days you will see great things be- cause that weapon is in general operation.” He declined to say whether it had been used so far in this war. It was reported widely that some secret device was used in the Nazi capture of Fort Eben Emael above Liege early in the German drive into | Belgium. Some doubt was cast on this re- | port when a film of the capture of the fortress disclosed it had been blasted to pieces by air bombs and the heaviest artillery. Victory Held Inevitable. This spokesman asserted a Ger- man victory was “inevitable” for these reasons: p 1. The first northern Allied Army is gone because it cannot retreat. 2. German morale is high because of constant successes, superior weapons and air force. 3. The Maginot Line no longer is a problem, since Germany already is in a position to get behind it. 4. The “new weapon” As soon as the encircled area is cleaned up, he continued, the Ger- man Army will have one-third of its forces freed from this task to join the balance of the army with three possible: courses: 1. To attack southward and en- velope Paris and the French Army. 2. To turn east and drive behind the Maginot Line. 3. To attack Great Britain. ‘The spokesman declined to say which course was scheduled first. Steel Ring Tightened. During the day’s operations Ger- many tightened her ring of steel around the Allied armies in Flan- ders’ flatlands. Dive-bombing “Stukas” attacked the English Channel ports of Dieppe, Ostend, Dunkerque and Blanken- berghe to block the landing of Brit= ish reinforcements. The French at- tempt to slash through to their be- | over the Lys River—Belgium's last —Wide World Radio Photo. leaguered Aflies was described here as “weak.” At his battlefront headquarters Hitler was believed nearing another decision—whether to hurl his “blitzkrieg” at once into England or carry the war south to Paris. German battle maps pictured the noose around the British as tight- ened by two-thirds within 48 hours, with these new gains: 1. Advance patrols from the trrust up the English Channel en- tered Calais, 22 miles from England, and battled with Allied defenders in | the streets. 2. Troops that broke the Scheldt River defense line smashed on east natural barrier. 3. Spearheads from the northeast | and southeast menaced industrial Lille—fortified since 1030—which changed hands three times in the | opening months of the World War. | The advance from the southeast drove over part of Vimy Ridge. Allies’ Position Held Hopeless. With the pace of invasion speeded in apparent disregard of the cost, in men and materials, German sources said the position of the trapped British and Belgian forces seemed hopeless. v Calais, although not yet claimed as fallen, was reported rendered useless for British landing opera- | tions. Throughout the World Weg the Allies doggedly held Calais as the principal avenue for landing men and arms from Britain. Some patrols were said to have circled Calais toward Gravelines, the next port northeast. Military spokesmen added that the German air force was “capable of cutting off every possibility of re- treat” from the last avenues of escape—Dunkerque, Ostend and Zeebrugge. Unofficial reports of prisoners captured mentioned tens of thou- sands. Tanks and planes were said to have been destroyed by the hun- | dreds. | Behind French lines, Germany's bombers blasted at troop concentra- tions and communication lines in a triangle formed by Paris, Rouen and Dieppe along the base and Amiens at the top. This was described as a move to prevent France from improving her defense positions to the south and to weaken any concentration for a thrust at Germany's extended flank to the sea. La Guardia Urges Unity For Americas’ Defense By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, May 25.—Mayor La | Guardia today urged a union of American republics for mutual de- | fense rather than a mere associa- tion of nations in -the Western Hemisphere. Addressing Latin American con- suls and commissioners to the New York World’s Fair, he declared that such a closer relation should “be made real” and not “just a pro- » gram. “Our duty is the protection of this hemisphere,” he said, “and we should agree on a policy of united and organized aims. The usual ex- change of pleasantries hardly fits at present.” GUARANTEED ONE YEAR. Bring This Coupon to Get PRICE -59¢ -1le FANCY CRYSTALS ____19¢ THIS SPECIAL MAIN SPRING MILITARY BEND CRYSTALS __ HANDS, American . Bordeaux Population - Swollen by Addition 0f 500,000 Refugees Some Left Belgian Homes Two Weeks Ago and Now Find Selves Derelicts By M. W. FODOR, Chicago Daily News Forelgn Correspondent. BORDEAUX, May 25.—Bordeaux’ 1,000,000 population has been in- creased in the last eight days by at least 50 per cent by the influx of not only Belgian but also French refugees. The Bordeaux Express, which brought me from a city in Central France to this French harbor city, was crowded with refugees while the road running parallel to the railway was covered with tens of thousands of refugee automobiles heading here. E There were no ticket collectors— everybpdy tried to accommodate himself as well as possible, seated on the floor in the corridor. The story told by most refugees was pathetic—some left far-distant Belgian homes two weeks ago, and walked or cycled until they were physically unable to continue and were obliged to take a train. Every- body seemed (11 words censored) to have brought plenty of provisions and this correspondent who, in a fever of work, forgot to bring along any provisions was offered bread, ham and other edibles by the kind- | hearted refugees. ; All the hotels in Bordeaux and neighboring cities and villages are | filed with refugees who do not | know what fate awaits them, nor seem to care for the moment. The | shock of the German invasion was 50 terrible that having reached a| safe harbor, they just forget to think, Everybody looks tired. Children, who considered the first days of | the exodus as a picnic, are now | weary and uninterested. There are many refugees of high school age. During the railroad journey the French Red Cross and Belgian Boy Scouts helped the sick and weary | and carried bread and water to the hungry and thirsty. Anybody who has witnessed the scenes of the last two weeks realizes how deep and compassionate is the heart and soul of France. | (Copyright, 1940, by the Chicago Daily News, Inc) Bomber Crash Is Laid - To Barrage Balloon By the Associated Press. ‘LONDON, May 25.—A British | bomber crashed and burned on a| cricket field in a midland town to- night, killing three occupants. The plane was thought to have struck a barrage balloon. A BETTER DEAL ON PONTLAC H. J. BROWN PONTIAC, Inc. pirect Factory Dealers Rossiyn. Va. (Just Across Key Bridge) SPECIAL--THIS WEEK ONLY! SILK WATCH CORD FOR LADIES WRIST WATCH FITTED 25¢ BRING THIS AD WITH YOU Expert: Watch & Jewelry Feparning ERNEST BURK, Inc. lewelers &13 13th NW Bet F & ( ANY GLASSES Your Eyes Require Complete with Examination $2.50 no HIGHER Why Pay More? 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The news service Dienst aus Deutschland reported today that the device bears a sign which says: “While my countrymen are in need, I loot their abandoned houses.” Use of this punishment was revived as an emergency meas- ure. Dewey Demands Roosevelf End ‘War on Business’ By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, May 25.—District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, Repub- lican presidential aspirant, de- manded today that President Roose- velt end at once “the seven years’ war against business” and thus take “the first and most important step in our program of national defense.” “It must not be a mere breathing spell, with the implied threat of a renewed war,” Mr. Dewey said in| a press conference. “It should be a sincere and convincing recognition that the Government and its people are henceforth in partnership in a great undertaking.” “The country cannot it until | next January for unity in our own ranks at home,” Mr. Dewey con- tinued. “The whole safety of the Nation is involved. Our Chief Ex- ecutive should waste no time playing politics while letting our national defense program wait upon his fundamental change of policy.” Before he left by train tonight for Dallas, Tex., where he will discuss national defense needs at a public rally Monday night, Mr. Dewey said he hoped that before he delivered his speech the President would have declared a truce on business “as the first essential step to set us on the road to preparedness.” Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales, has fixed its tax rate at the equivalent of 66 cents on the dollar. —_lnary or Pressure Oil Burners Sold, Serviced and Guaranteed by L. P. Steuart & Bro. INCORPORATED 139 12th St. NE. Lincoln 4300 NO “Ready-Made” Glasses Here! Every pair is custom-built to your order, with any lenses your eyes may require, including genuine ALS You Can’t Pay More! 9 KRYPTOK BIFO- AT ONE LOW PRICE. 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