Evening Star Newspaper, May 19, 1940, Page 4

Portion of Leagde Transfer Is Linked With Promotion of Non-Political Work International Labor Unit, Headed by Winant, May Also Come to America By the Associated Press, A shift of a portion of the League of Nations to the United States was considered a possibility in official quarters today as the Geneva insti- tution began preparations for re- moval to Vichy, France, in case Switzerland is invaded. The iransfer would be in line with the desire of the Roosevelt adminis- tration to promote the non-political activities of the League—such as economic studies, control over opium production and sale, and suppres- sion of white slavery. Well-informed persons felt this portion of the League would be the most logical to transfer to the New World. Officials would not be surprised to | see also a transfer to this country, temporarily, of the International Labor Office at Geneva, of which an American, John G. Winant, former Governor of New Hampshire, is secretary general. That organiza- tion, which seeks improvement of | labor standards in all countries, has likewise begun preparations to move to France. League Prepares to Move. The danger of German or Italian invasion of Switzerland in an effort to turn the French right flank while the German army in the north is pushing back the left flank has re- sulted in the League of Nation’s preparations to move. Since both Germany and Italy left | the League and have since repeat- edly denounced it as anti-Fascist | and dominated by the Allies, officials here feel that League executives and personnel would receive unsympa- thetic treatment from the invaders if Geneva were occupied. They wonder, however, if the| League organization would feel safe even in France, in view of the ever- | widening scope of the German aerial bombardments. Some reports have | been received that the organization | would continue on to Lisbon, | Portugal. Preparations for removal of the | League from Geneva come at a time when the institution oreated | by President Woodrow Wilson is ! completing a project for the separa- | tion of the non-political activities of the League from its political activities and, in effect, setting up a separate body. Officials Keenly Interested. Officials here have been keenly | interested in the project. Under | the guidance of President Roose- | velt and Secretary Hull, it was thought this Government might consent to become a member of a non-political league. Last, year MeeFull sent Jo?h C. Avenol, secretsry general the | League, a formal note stating this | Government’s emphatic approval of the League's non-political program. ‘The Amrerican“@overnment “1 I cent years has sent a number of | delegates to represent it at the | meetings of the non-political com- |from a Nazi victory might well | months in any past period of our mittees. | Transfer of a portion of the| League to the United States would | be an ironic footnote on the history | of the Geneva society. An Ameri- can President was responsible for its foundation, the name of the United States was placed at the | head of the list of the founding na- | tions and yet, the Senate having refused its consent, this country re- mained outside. | Grain (Continued From First Page.) ficials explained that the price- pegging request was designed as a “temporary measure against fur-| ther price disturbances from cur- rent war developments,” there was | speculation in official quarters that the Government might turn to out- right price-fixing as an emergency policy to protect prices and in- comes of producers of not only wheat and other grains, but cot- ton as well. Virtually all farm com- modities have been affected by price declines this week. Whether the Government has au- thority to establish minimum com- modity prices was debated by Agri- culture Department officials. Some held the view that legislation would be necessary. In connection with the Wallace | message to the grain markets, aides | said there was some doubt whether | the Government could prohibit trading at prices below those pre- vailing at yesterday's close. They added, however, that they expected the markets to co-operate fully. Loan Program Held Up. +Hints of possible changes in ad- | ministration farm policies to meet conditons arising from the war were contained in reports that President Roosevelt was holding up action on 8 grower wheat loan program for the 1940 crop pending a ‘“resurvey” of conditions. The loan program had been sub- mitted to the Chief Executive by the Agricultyre Department as a measure designed to bolster prices. Such a program would require mil- lions of dollars of Government funds, while price-fixing would re- quire none. The latter measure, Government economists said, would be more effective in stabilizing prices. The wheat price decline came at 8 time when farmers in the south- ern part of the winter wheat belt ‘were making plans for this year’s harvest. To them the development presaged potential losses of millions of dollars. Additional Funds Sought. | To this end, the strategists hold, CALAIS b ) (3 ya .uw AMIENS! WIDENED BULGE IN FRENCH LINE—The map above shows the approximate position of the battle line in France and Belgium, based on latest information last night. Antwerp and aim at channel ports. 2. Nazis widen bulge in swing to west. 3. Motorized columns drive near St. Quentin. 4. Germans expect allies to fall back to this new line (indicated by —Revised A. P. Wirephoto Map. broken line.) THE \J o O o R LILLESBTQ o TOURNAI OMONS walkaiod SUNDAY STAR, ‘WASHINGTON, D. C, 1. Germans take Allied Defeat Would Change Entire U. S. Defense Concept (Continued From First Page.) create an emergency as grave as any this Nation ever has been called upon to face. “There is no reason to get excited or hysterical, but there is every reason to become seriously con- cerned,” the writer was told by a| War Department general staff | officer. American Citizens Awakened. It is probable that events of the past two or three days have acted | more powerfully to awaken Ameri- | can citizens in every walk of life to the fact that our national de- fense has become a matter of grave concern than have the events of history. The immediate Nation- wide, non-partisan support given to | President Roosevelt's $1,000,000,000 | national defense plan is evidence of | this aroused concern. The mere appropriation of the funds requested or of many times this amount, however, carries in itself no assurance of protec~ tion. Unless these defense funds are used to carry out a carefully -out defense plan based upon 238 realities, it was pointed out, they may be wasied, leaving us still unprotected. In the light of air power and the| devastating effect with which it has | been used by Germany, it has be- come apparent that if the United States is to protect itself against aggression it must not permit any potential enemy to establish a base within attacking range of his avia- tion. In other words, military strate- gists hold, the United States mus: | fight with every weapon at its com- mand any enemy encroachment in the Western Hemisphere. Canada, Greenland and even Ice- land, the West Indies, Central America and South America, Alaska and Hawaii have become outposts of the United States. They may not become enemy bases if the people of the United States are to enjoy even the fiction of ease and security. our defense plans must be dedicated. Safety Hangs on Two Points, “Under present conditio nd in view of the present developient of weapons,” it was explained by Brig. Gen. George V. Strong, assistant chief of staff of the Army, “this hemisphere is safe from any aggres- sion abroad just as long as two conditions maintain: First, that the Panama Canal is open for the tran- sit of the United States, and, second, that an aggressor from abroad has no bases in this hemisphere from which to operate.” A major problem facing the United States today is to guarantee the maintenance of these conditions detrimental to prices for wheat, cot- ton, corn and other commodities as some anticipate, I think Congress should before adjournment take ac- tion to protect farmers against such an eventuality,” the Senator said. Market Prices Tumble, Recover Part of Losses NEW YORK, May 18 (#)—Fresh waves of selling swept through se- curities and commodities markets again today. Prices in most mar- kets, including wheat, however, recovered a good part of their ex- treme setbacks in the final hour of dealings. Wheat dropped the full 10 cents permitted in a single day’s trade, for the third time this week, then came up to close with losses of only 5% to 7% cents a bushel. Corn also tumbled with wheat, getting down to the 8-cent maxi- mum permitted in & day, but then bounced back and finished only 1% to 2% cents a bushel lower. against any fore or possible combi- nation of foes without relying on the assistance of any other power. For, if France and England are defeated, the people of the United States may awaken, and soon, to a day when all of the world out- side the Western Hemisphere may be in the hands of the totalitarian powers—Germany, Italy and Japan —and the United States will face on every side victorious nations which have gained victory through lawless aggression and a callous trampling on the rights of others. What is more, these nations already have cast covetous eyes on the Americas and all three of them have gained some footholds in this hemisphere. Germany and Italy, in particular, have established what amount to actual colonies in South America. Germany is alarmingly strong in parts of Brazll and, in these days of “fifth columns,” such strength is now viewed with the gravest suspicion. This is especially true in the case of Brazil, since the Atlantic Ocean befween - the Bra- tant -as Greenland, Alaska, or | ailiasiGoast and ,\bfleflfifl Sne eastward jut of the South of Afriea .is only 1,700 miles in | American coast. breadth and, as President Roose- | velt has intimated, Germany has thousands of bomBardment _aif- planes which could make the flight with ease and, with the aid of Nazi sympathizers on the ground, estab- | lish a hold from which it would be difficult and costly to tear them within range of vital American centers. South American Base Needed. Under the $300,000,000 air defense plan of last year the Army Air Corps now is establishing a power- ful air base in Puerto Rico, & nat- | ural defense keystone in the West Indies. It commands many of the sea approaches to the Caribbean | and the Panama Canal. For abso- lute security, however, it is agreed by military people that a strong base should be occupied on the coast of South America to guard the important southern seaways to the Caribbean, which are too far from the Puerto Rican base for really effective air action. The South American republics, however, have not yet granted per- mission for such & move and, under an agreement between the United States and its 21 sister nations, such a base may not be established unless and until it becomes certain there is actual danger of enemy aggression against the Americas. Our national defense plans, there- fore, should embrace the immediate setting up of the proposed South American base on short notice, it is argued. All essential equipment— aircraft, munitions, guns, fuel and the many other items which go into such a base—must be in readiness, together with the necessary trained ground and air troops. There can be littls doubt that the nations of Central and South America will join forces with the United States promptly in case of threats against the safety of this hemisphere. The 21 American na- tions during the past week joined in an official condemnation of the invasion of the Netherlands by the Nazi war machine. Pan-American Solidarity Seen, It is believed by diplomatic and military officials that solidarity of the Americas against European or Asian aggression—or both—might be improved by passage of legisla= tion, which has been on the Senate calendar since last July, permitting the sale of United States warships and other military equipment to South American neighboring re< publics. The House approved such legislation by a large majority two years ago, after Brazil had asked | for some of the idle World War destroyers now laid up at Mare Island, Calif., and Philadelphia. De- * spite their age, these destroyers are regarded as excellent ships and | more than 60 of them have been | reconditioned and now are on service as a part of the neutrality patrol. These destroyers, together with the Atlantic Squadron, | about the time of the Munich de- | | bacle, constitute the chief sea de- | fense of the Americas in the Atlan- tic. The Atlantic Squadron includes three old battleships of the train- ing squadron, unsuitable any longer for action with the fleet, and some | | new cruisers, the number of which fluctuates from time to time as new | ships are launched and fleet assign- | | ments are made. There also is a | | nucleus of new destroyers with the | squadron. | Our major defense against ag- | gression from the Atlantic, however, | is in the air. The giant four-engined | | bombardment airplane, a type pe- | culiar to the United States, has been { developed for just such service. | More of them are being built and a | | great many more would be provided | ‘under any future major defense | | program. These four - engined | | bombers are capable of carrying | great bomb loads for long distances. i'x’hey Gan meet enemy forces far at sea or can act against landing !pames promptly at points as far created | Marines Being Strengthened. The Marine Corps East Coast Ex- Peditionary Force at Quantico, Va., ‘al.so is held available for action | against any enemy who might at- | tempt a landing from the Atlantic. | | This highly trained, very mobile | force of sea-soldiers is being fur- | ther strengthened by a process of | “streamlining” somewhat similar to that in progress in the Army. In- | creased numbers of semi-automatic | weapons and mobile anti-tank and anti-aircraft guns are greatly in- creasing the fire power of this sea-~ going organization. Permanent defenses are being es- tablished wherever possible as a part of this country’s expanding safety program. This is especially true at the Panama Canal and in the vital Hawailan outpost and the new Puerto Rican base. Mobile Army units are a part of these de- fenses and these would cope with sea or parachute landing parties, while harbor defense guns are avail- able against fleets and airplanes and anti-aircraft guns against air attack. A grave menace to the Panama Canal, however, is sabotage, and this is the most difficult to guard against, since the form it might take is limited only by human in- genuity. The danger of sabotaging of the canal and other vital points empha- size to military men of control and elimination of the sort of “Trojan Horse” activities which wrecked Czecho-Slovakia, Poland, Norway and contributed to the disaster in the Low Countries. That similar element are present, in force, in the Americas, cannot be doubted by any but the most blind. Operations against fifth columns must be re- | here have kept tight-liped silence on | the contents of the President's mes- sage. | as-“in the interest of peace,” that | Mr. Roosevelt told Il Duce again of | kept out of other parts of Europe. {raid alarm in Paris, telephone offi- garded as an integral part of Ameri- can defense. It is pointed out by military men Guaranteed by ing meth: gyothe Certified $2.16; cleane REGAL ... RUG CLEANING Because of superior equipment and sham- S, advertised in Good Housekeepi guarantee, given only with the cleaning obtainable, costs you nothing extra. For instance, we clean a 6x9 domestic for just $4.00 for a 9x12. Oriental Rugs at proportionately low prices. Small additional charge for shampooing. REGAL A Mussolini Answers Roosevelt's Plea To Bar War Spread Reply Is Reported to Be Non-Committal, Couched In Courteous Terms By the Associated Press ROME, May 18.—Premier Musso- lini has replied to President Roose- velt’s latest efforts to prevent spread of the European war, it was learned {from a reliable source tonight. The nature of, the reply was not disclosed, but it was believed to have been non-committal without being alarm- ing. The reply, in courtebus terms, was said in informed: quarters to have been communicated to Mr. Roosevelt through United States Ambassador Willilam Phillips, who. delivered a personal message from the President to Il Duce May 15. Italian and American nuthorltieu“ Foreign circles assumed, however, since it was described in Washington Washington'’s desire that the war be Phone Service Interrupted. Telephone communications with London were interrupted tonight. Telephone officials said they knew only that “the line is interrupted beyond Paris.” | They suggested various reasons— that it might have been cut between | London and Paris because of the fighting in France or perhaps that an air raid alarm in London caused operators there to be off duty temporarily. The line to Paris was cut for an hour during the day, due to an air clals said. Press Exults at Nazi Advance. ‘With Italy's entry into the war believed by most observers to be awaiting a Nazi death blow to the allies, the Fascist press openly exulted at the advance of Germany's war machine into France. A declaration by Premier Mus- solini’s I1 Popolo d'Ttalia that Fas- cist Italy “must reach its great pre- | destined goal, legitimate impenal‘ aspirations and Mediterranean des- | tiny now or never,” was interpreted by some as perhaps a sign that Italy was about to strike somewhere. Italians kept tab on the Balkans also. | Virginio Gayda, Fascist editor who reflects the views of Mussolini, called attention in his newspaper, 11 Giornale d'Italia, to the “natural naval bases” on the Adriatic coast | tion depended on conditions along | that shore. Balkans “Vital Theme.” Gayda drew no conclusions in the article devoted to the Balkans ex- | cept to say that “the problem of | the Balkans” was a “vital theme” of the Italian foreign policy. Britain's relaxation of contraband control at Gibraltar by letting the | Italian Liner Rex pass without stop- ping her for examination was kept from the Italians. Instead, news- papers reported that the Italian liner Roma, which already is in| New York, had been stopped at Gibraltar and detained 30 hours without explanation. Relazioni Internationali. authori- tive review of foreign affairs, said it was the unavoidable duty of Ital- ian people to break the pressure of the allied contraband control, | but added there was nothing to do | but “await events.” | that United States defenses must | be built up with the utmost speed | and care if they are to do us much 00d If the world has learned any lesson, it has learned that the modern aggressor does not wait for his prey to prepare a defense. If Britain and France are going to be conquered at all, they will be con- quered in the very near future, most military authorities agree. If they can stave off the tremendous Nazi rush and weaken its force, they probably can win. Should the Nazis win, it is re- garded as certain they will win this summer. If there is to be any ag- gression against the United States, in view of our belated decision to arm against the new menace, it may be expected to come within a year or less, in the opinion of military leaders. If prolonged much beyond that time, our defense program will be pretty well under way and the difficulties of an aggressor will multi- ply rapidly from that time on if this country presists in a determined defense policy. Good Housekeeping Regal enjoys the approval Rug Clune{"ll Institute as This st rug RUG CLEANERS | moths compared | French land battleships of 70 ’ "MAY 19, 1940—PART ONE. of Nations, Leaving Geneva, May. Come to U. S ‘Chutist-Fifth Column Method |U.S. Could Produce - Blamed for Holland's Conquest |Alllts Rubber From Allies’ Militarists Say Fantastic Tactics Made Flood Defenses Useless Br the Associated Press. PARIS, May 18 —Germany’s dras- tically new methods of invasion, with emphasis on the parachutist- fifth column combination, took Hol- land entirely by surpriss and set at naught her great system of wa- ter defenses, Dutch and allied mili- tary men said today in reporting on the German conquest of Holland. These authorities disclosed how the modern “blitzkrieg” method and complete disregard of “the rules” accomplished the task in five days. In Poland and Norway the Ger- mans had given no real inkling of what they had in the bag. On Hol- land they turned loose tricks that in any circumstance short of the actual proof would have been termed fantastic pipe dreams. Flood Defenses Made Useless. At one bold stroke, for instance, the Nazis rendered the flood-water defenses of the Rotterdam-Hague- Amsterdam area useless. After that there was little hope in continuing the fight. The Dutch surrendered. Parachute troops dumped out of the skies from planes which had detachable bottoms fell by the hun- dreds in the Rotterdam area. Big hydroplane transports alighted on canals, rivers and in the ports. German agents discarded their dis- guise in the city proper and the three forces combined. The Rotterdam airdrome was seized. Stiff fighting ousted the in- vaders, but more parachutists and more transports arrived. Again the airdrome was seized by the Nazis and again it was retaken by the Dutch. Mechanized Unit Appears. Then suddenly a mechanized col- umn of Nazi troops which had been dashing h central Holland arrived at the Moerdijk bridge, com- manding Rotterdam’s defense area. They got on the bridge and, said Dutch Foreign Minister Eelco N. van Kleffens, slaughtered the guards and threw their bodies into the river. The city fell. The line of water defenses had been turned and its value was lost. When ' the invasion of Holland began, literally thousands of pars- chutists descended onto the low- lands, mostly by night. The fifth column inside the country was estimated to have numbered as high a8 100,000 Fights Started in Interior. The parachutists and fifth col- umnists started fights at points throughout the interior. A large part of the army had to be diverted to mopping up purposes. Official Dutch sources said Hol- land’s air force was almost anni- hilated in the terrific aerial warfare that accompanied the invasion. It was a hopeless fight, Van Kligens reported after fleeing to Paris. Rather than face possible whole- | sale slaughter of the country’s civilian populace if the fight had continued with areial bombardments and machine gunning, the army gave up. Paris (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) Paris, however, runs the Aisne River | line. | Farther east, at the point of the | triangle they have driven into| France, the Germans were reported to have reached the Aisne in the | Rethel sector, 30 miles south of the | | Belgian border where the French | took their stand. Most of the fury of the battle cn the western front was concentrated in the Guise and Landrecies sectors. | To the northwest in Belgium. where | Brussels and Antwerp have been | abandoned, and to the east on the Maginot Line where German as- saults have been repulsed, tonight's communique said: “Nothing of im- portance to report. | Bombers Visit Paris. | German bombers visited the Paris region this afternoon. The squad- | ron of 16 planes was reported to |from Yugoslavia to Greece, with | have bombed communication centers | the declaration that Ttaly’s protec- | outside the capital, but lost four of their number in the attack. A general speed-up of French arms production was ordered by the armaments ministry, ruling that all| factories turning out national de-| fense orders must work 24 hours| a day. Aviation plants started 12-| hour double shifts. | This is designed to overtake | eventually Germany's numerical | superiority in planes and tanks, which largely have been responsi. ble for the Germans’ swift advance. 80-Ton Tanks Batter Lines. A fleet of up to 3,000 German | tanks, some of them 80-ton mam- to the blggen‘ tons, | battered the French lines around the pocket bulging into France's northern plains, while the Nazi air force blackened the skies. Against these forces the French wheeled their mobile artillery, especially 75 millimeter guns, into action and massed their infantry, both outweighing the parallel Ger- man arms in numbers. The battle was reported especially heavy tonight from the Sambre to the Aisne River on the west side of the pocket. (Here 22 words were censored). It appeared Vervins (here one word was censored) was occupied. A war ministry spokesman said the Germans appeared to with- holding some tank columns for a new effort. Fighting at the southern ex- tremity, he said, reached down to the Aisne River (here four words were censored). Only 75's Penetrate Armor. The spokesman estimated that at least half of Germany's entire mechanized army had been thrown into the battle in northern Prance. The French declared their own lighter tanks had proved superior to — L O7C Supertor o | i Listento...630 K C WMAL NEWS BROADCASTS TODAY 7:00 a.m.—News from Eu- rope 10:00 a.m.—AP News 2:15 p.m.—Foreign Policy Assn—Wm. T. Stone 4:15 p.m.—News 6:00 p.mi—News from Eu- rope 8:00 p.m.—Walter Winchell 10:00 p.m.—AP News 10:05 p.m.—Quentin Rey- nolds 12:00 (midnight)—News the German giants in combat where they met. Only the formidable French 75's were able to penetrate the heavy armor of the biggest Nazi tanks— and the French were said to firing point blank at them with good | effect. | Accompanied by masses of planes and followed .by lighter units and | infantry, great numbers of the Ger- | man tanks struck through the Ver- vins region toward the Oise and through the Avesnes region toward the Sambre. The main Nazi effort appeared to be in the Vervins vicinity. The French there were pouring tons of artillery shells against the enemy tanks and were said to have brought up enough of their own tanks to match the Germans. The French said the experience of | the last few days had taught them how to deal with German tank ts. The Belgian night communique, re- layed from “somewhere in Belgium” by Havas, French news agency, said: “The systematic withdrawal exe- | cuted in these last days by the Belgian army has been carried out in favorable conditions. “The prescribed movements' were made: in good order. The ememy, hindered by our- destructions, was not able to put strong pressure on our troops, who retired and broke? contact without losses. “The . operation unfortunately meant the abandonment of Brussels | and Antwerp. These two cities have suffered no important destruction. The Liege and Namur forts continue | their heroic resistance.” Maverick Warns of Nazi Activity in Mexico By the Associated Press. HOUSTON, Tex., May 18.—Mayor Maury Maverick of San Antonio said in an interview today that a Nazi “fifth column” was organized strongly in Mexico and urged that the United States prepare ‘“the greatest war machine ever known in the world.” “I am strongly worried about the ‘fifth column’ activity in Mexico,” he said. “It is strongly organized in Mexico City and is being or- ganized in Vera Cruz and Tampico right now.” Mayor Maverick asserted he had received his information from an authoritative source on a recent trip to Mexico. 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The synthetic rubber processes already are in operation and there are several standard re- finery processes which yield the raw materials for rubber. The American oil industry, he said, also could produce “any con- celvable amount” of the basic ma- terials for the high explosives, picric: acld, TNT and trinitroxylenes, and: still have enough gasoline left over to be more than sufficient for any form of transportation on land, sea or air, £ The entire world production of crude ofl since its discovery would” {not fill a cubic mile hole, he said, | adding that this was an insignificant, \’volume compared with what nature | must have produced and still is. producing. . Ol Industry Held Equal To Any Demands _ TULSA, May 18 {#).—The Ameri- can petroleum industry “will be | found equal to whatever demands | may be piaced on’'it,” W. G. Skelly, | Tulsa oil executive, said today. Speaking at the opening of the { 11th International Petroleum Expo~ | sition, which he heads, he added: | “The product of our industry is. the one vital essential to both mili- tary victory and industrial progress. —oil. * * * We not only control—we | actually produce—nearly two-thirds of the world’s supply.” The United States, he recalled; ; produced 1,265,000,000 barrels of | oil last year, more than 60 per cent |of the world total. Pigs of Germany are threatened- | with an epidemic of “German mea- o BRAND NEW, FULL 88 NOTE Spinet Pianos Standard size pionos made by Starr. A special lot of instruments we bought at @ very low figure from a dealer who recently closed his piano department. They are fac- tory priced at $265, have o full keyboard and all good standard piono features. Plain case finished in ma- hogany. Easily the most outstanding value we have offered in a long time. Num- ber at this price limited, so don’t delay if you're inter- ested in a real bargain. Very easy ‘terms. 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