Evening Star Newspaper, May 15, 1940, Page 2

a—2 Semate Approval Clears the Way for C. A. A. Transfer Vote s 46 to 34; Shift To Be Effective'Jline 10, Unless Congress Leaves ‘The way was clear today for end- ing the independent status of the Civil Aeronautics Authority and transferring it to the Department of Commerce. President Roosevelt's bitteyly- contested Reorganization Plan IV, providing for tpis change, won the approval late yesterday of the Sen- ate which, by a vote of 46 to 34 re- Jected a resolution that would have prevented the shift. The resolution earlier had received House approval, but passage by both House and Sen- ate is necessary to defeat a reor- ganization plan. The shift is due to become effec- tive June 10—ten days after another reorganization plan—No. 3—goes into effect. Should Congress ad- Journ before June 10 however, Plan 1V would be held up until 60 days after the next session opens, as reorganization orders must be be- fore Congress 60 days, and it went forward from the President, April 11. New Administrative Line-up. The reorganization will bring about a new line-up in the admin- istration of the affairs of commercial aeronautics. The Air Safety Board will be abolished and its functions performed by the Civil Aeronautics Board—as the authority will be known. The Weather Bureau will be fitted into the aviation machinery also, being transferred from the Agriculture Department. Meanwhile, in an address today before the Insurance Club of Wash- ington, Col. Sumpter Smith, chair- man of the Interdepartmental Com- mission of the Washington National Airport at Gravelly Point, said that under the reorganization provisions the C. A. A'’s “duties have been clari- fled, and its responsibilities, par- ticularly with regard to safety in the air, have been made more di- rect.” Will Remain Independent. Pointing out that certain services of the Commerce Department will be made available to the Civil Aero- nautics Board, Col. Smith, formerly a member of the Air Safety Board, stated that the C. A. B, “under the statute which governs it and irre- spective of anything the Secretary of Commerce may do, still will re- ‘mnln as independent as a hog on ce.” Col. Smith pointed out that the C. A. B. will do “exactly the same things” done by the Air Safety Board in addition to the old duties of the C. A. A. itself. Senators La Follette, Progressive, of Wisconsin, and Norris, independ- ent, of Nebraska joined 44 Demo- crats in supporting the President, while 20 Republicans, 12 Democrats and 2 Farmer-Laborites opposed the change. Sharp debate preceded the vote. Proponents of the change contended it would make for more efficient regulation of the airways and elim- inate friction within the C."A. A. while opponents argued that the independence of the agency would be destroyed and ‘gubject it to “political influences.”” The opposition attacks which started when the plan was broached had been characterized .by Presi- dent Roosevelt as “spinach.” After approving the reorganiza- tion plan, the Senate confirmed the nomination of John Monroe Johnson of South Carolina as a member of the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion. Action on the appointment had been delayed several days at the request of Senator McCarran, Democrat, of Nevada, a leading op- ponent of the reorganization. Mr. Johnson, the White House has announced, probably will be suc- ceeded as Assistant Secretary of Commerce by Robert Hinckley, pres- ent chairman of the C. A. A. In addition to the controversial shift of the C. A. A. and the Weather Bureau transfer, the reorganization order makes the following changes: Supervision over St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Freedmen’s Hospital, How- ard University and Columbia Insti- tution for the Deaf is moved from the Interior Department to Federal Becurity Agency. Other Changes. The Secretary of Labor takes over functions now discharged by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Interior relating to en- forcement of minimum wage pro- visiens in contracts for Federal con- struction. The Food and Drug Administra- tion—with the exception of two functions intimately related to agri- culture—goes from the Department of Ag-iculture to Federal Security Agency. Trexsury takes from the Justice Department the authority to ap- prove sut-of-court settlement of cases arising under the Federal Al- cohol Aéministration Act. Justice will continue to supervise— on a permanent basis—disbursements by Urited States marshals instead of putting this work under the divi- sion of disbursement of the Treas- ury where disbursements generally are centered. Pnsi office will continue likewise to randle postal disbursements. Tnterior will assume soil conserva~ tion functions on public lands now discharged by Agriculture, and the Maritime Commission, instead of the Navy, will have jurisdiction over merchant marine training schools. Baltimore Matron And Brother-in-Law Slain B5 the Awoclated Press. BALTIMORE, May 15—A 40- vear-ol¢ married woman and her brother-in-law, an Army man, were found shot to death today in ad- Joining rooms of the former’s home. The dead were Mrs, Anna Wid- meyer and Wilbur Morston,. 34, a staff sergeant of the Regular Army essigned: to the air base at Logan Field. Police said the bodies were dis- covered by the woman’s husband, Walter Widmeyer. Both had been shot through the mouth. Under Morston’s body was found a 45-cali- ber Army type automatic pistol. Two shells were lying on the floor. Police Lt. John Kenealy quoted Widmeyer as saying that he came home from the circus about mid- night and saw his wife and Morston talking together in the living room, and that he went downstairs to his bedroom in the front portion of the cellar and slept undisturbed un- tll about 5§ am., when he went up- stairs and fourd the bodies. | - P akS ing the possibility of sabotage. Einstein Fears Man Incapable Of Finding Key to Native Logic Eminent Scientist Makes Rare Public Appearance at Conclave of Great Minds By THOMAS R. HENRY. With a note of melancholy weari- ness that has come to an explorer who has followed a forever receding mirage beyond the frontiers of hu- man understanding, the world’s most eminent living scientiest voiced the apparent futility of man’s search for a logical foundation for nature. It all seems to be a game of chance, with the dice being thrown by a player who can never be known within the impenetrable, hypotheti- |cal G, and there can be found no logic in space and time. More than a quarter century ago the physico-mathematical specula- tions of a young Berlin professor wrecked the long-standing walls of space and time in the human mind and revealed a fantastic beyond in which the two were merged in one all-encompassing realtity and dou- bled upon themselves in the arcs of a hyper-dimensional circle. Beyond Description. Today white-haired Albert Ein- stein, his mind obsessed with the troubles of his race and of the world, told the eighth American Science Conference that the bound- aries of his own strange universe have tumbled now, that there does not seem to be any reality any- where, that nature seems to be & game of chance, with its most fundamental events no more pre- dictable than the fall of dice. Now, at least, there does not seem any possibility of describing it in any terms within the range of human experience. But the erstwhile revolutionist in the realms of the mind is a wistful conservative now who cannot force himself to believe that the mirage will continue to recede forever. “Some physicists,” he said, “and among them myself, cannot believe that we must abandon, actually and forever, the idea of direct repre- sentation of physical reality in space and time, or that we must accept the view that events in nature are analogous to a game of chance. It is open to every man to choose the direction of his striving and also every man may draw comfort from Lessing’s fine saying that the search for truth is more precious than its possession.” A little sadly he told of his own long search and striving. Almost up to the dawn of the 20th century only a few bold speculators had ven- tured to question the laws of New- ton. They explained perfectly, ex- cept for one or two puzzling excep- tions, the mechanics of the universe. By them the motions of the planets could be calculated within a split second in a thousand years. Failure Long Recognized. And yet, Prof. Einstein said, there was something wrong with them which had long been recognized. They assumed that there was some mysterious attraction between mass- es, acting at a distance. Analyzed rigidly, the law of gravity seemed to assume a sort of mental telepathy and volition between inert things. As scientific experiment and spec- ulation gained momentum toward the middle of the 19th century more and more difficulties appeared in the Newtonian concept. It became nec- essary to assume that a mass of matter by its very existence caused a change in the structure of the space around it which affected the behavior of every other mass within that space. This was necessary especially to explain the phenomena of light and electro-magnetism. It was absurd, he pointed out, to think of an iron filing in some way cogni- zant of the desires of & unit elec- trical particle in a coil and acting in accordance with these desires. This led to the invention of the concept of some ineffable, fantistic substance filling all space, the ether. He himself ended this phase of thought by making certain bold as- sumptions which would cover, so far as was then understood, all known phenomena, and then found that it fitted almost perfectly into a system of four-dimension geometry invented about the middle of the century by the German mathemati- cian, Riemann, Space Becomes Transcendant. Space itself, instead of ether, be- comes the matrix in which the pres- ence of masses sets up flelds of force, or distortions, to which everything else within the space had to adjust itself. This explained the phenome- non of gravitational attraction bet- ter than the laws of Newton, as was demonstrated experimentally. It was, at first, & bitter cup for that the world of reality was no longer the world of the human senses, with its three dimensions to understand Einstein. Since then & new generation has risen which contains thousands of men not only capable of understanding him, but of going—some of them at least— beyond his understanding. They cluster together at science meetings and look like high school boys. Einstein was born into a mech- anistic age. Men believed that the laws of nature, once they were known, proved infallible, that every- thing that happened had a cause and that the same cause always produced the same effect. Any ex- ception to this fell in the fleld of religion, where the laws of nature were transcended anyway. ‘This concept held in the laws of Einstein as rigorously as they had in the laws of Newton, and they were es- sential to any belief in a universe governed by law and order. Flaws Remain. ‘The new concepts of Einstein ap- parently explained perfectly the actions of gravity. They did not fit so well the actions of lum- inesence a'nd electromagnetism, which also seemed to be “actions at a distance.” The philosopher sat down to make such changes and modifications in relativity as were necessary to fit the whole ,picture and made considerable progress, al- tho;wh never quite reaching -the goal. . Outside progress was rapid. Rela- tivity, instead of something “only 10 men in the world could understand,” became almost a commonplace in physical laboratories with the com- ing of the new generation of grad- uate students. Adolf Hitler appeared. Anti- semiticism grew in Germany and Einstein left the pleasant Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in suburban Ber- lin, now rumored to be doomed to ultimate destruction because of ex- periments in the utilization of atomic power for military purposes. He came to Princeton University and worked on. His appearance at the American Science Congress today was one of the few public appearances he has made before scientists since coming to the United States. He has con- tinued to publish in mathematical Journals, however, and has become more and more of a legendary figure —the old master of all the great minds in the world. None Too Hopeful But life is short, the human mind is limited in its capacities, and Al- bert Einstein seemed none too hope- ful any more. point kept inside a restricted region ‘G’ by forces of finite strength. If the kinetic energy of the mass point is below a certain limit, then the mass point, according- to classical mechenics, can never leave the region ‘G.’ “But, accordihg to the new quan- tum mechanics, the mass point, after a period not immediately predictable, is able to leave the region ‘G’ in an unpredictable direction, and escape into surrounding space. This case, according to Prof. Gamov (Dr. Georges Gamov of George Wash- ington ‘University, who is one of the leaders in the new beyond-Einstein school), is a simplified model of radio-active disin tion. “The theoretical treatment of this case is as follows: At a time—t-0— we have a wave system entirely inside G. From the time—t-o— onwards the waves leave the in- terior of G in all directions, in such & way that the amplitude of the outgoing wave is small com- pared- to the initial ampliture of the wave system inside ‘G’ The farther these outside waves spread the more the amplitude of the waves inside G diminishes, and so does that of the Jater waves issuing from G. Only after infinite time has passed is the wave supply inside P - i e 2 MONTGOMERY, ALA.—MYSTERIOUS FIRE RAZES ARSENAL—Fire of mysterious origin raged through the Alabama National Guard Arsenal last night and destroyed the $42,500 building and military equipment valued at $1,500,000. Firemen are shown battling the flames, which were discovered in two separate parts of the building shortly before dusk. Authorities are investigat- —A. P. Wirephoto. Hatch Act Change Proposed fo Outlaw Campaign Books House Judiciary Unit Votes Restriction on Political Contributions Campaign books such as that put out by the Democratic National Committee in 1936 will not be “best sellers’—after this year—if a House Judiciary Committee amendment to the Hatch Act becomes law. The committee yesterday approved a provision making it a criminal of- fense for anyone to “buy any goods, commodities, advertising or articles of any kind or description” when the proceeds are going to a political can- didate or organization. The penalty would be a maximum fine of $5,000, and imprisonment up to five years. ‘The 1936 campaign book has been condemned by the Republicans as a “shakedown” from those who bought it and those who advertised in it, but Democratic leaders have defended it as legitimate. ‘The literary curb was suggested by Representative Vreeland, Repub- lican, of New Jersey, but it would not be operative until after this year’s conventions because the new Hatch Act legislation is not de- signed to be effective until Octo- ber 1. The committee, which recessed yesterday until tomorrow, approved an amendment by a subcommittee which would limit campaign ex- penditures of national campaign committees to $3,000,000, compared to $8,065524 spent by Republicans and $5,030,848 by Democrats in 1936 It also approved an amendment limiting individual contributions to $5000 and providing a maximum fine of $5000 and imprisonment up to five years for violation, voted by the Senate in passing the bill. ‘G’ exhausted, while the outside wave has spread over an ever-in- creasing space. “But what has this to do with the particle originally inclosed in G? To answer we must imagine some ar- rangement which will enable us to carry out measurements on the particle. For instance, let us im- agine somewhere in the surround- ing space a screen so made that the particle sticks to it on coming in contact with it. Then from the intensity of the waves hitting the screen at some point we draw con- clusions as to the probability of the particle hitting the screen there at some time. As soon as the particle has hit any particular point of the screen the whole wave field loses all its physical meaning. Its only purpose was to make probabil- ity predictions as to the place and time of the particle hitting the screen. “All other cases are analagous, The alm of the theory is to deter- mine the probability of the results of measurement upon ‘a system at a given time. On the other hand it makes no attempt to give a mathe- matical representation of what is actually present or goes on in space and time.” In other words, Prof. Einstein in- dicated, the fundamental events of nature can be compared to a cosmic crap game. One can develop rules of chance by which will tell pretty accurately how often seven will come up in a certain number of throws of the dice. But no gambler playing a straight game can predict on which particular throw it will appear, This conclusion, Prof. Einstein said. is no flight of fancy but has been forced by the results of experi- ment. “At present,” he said, “we are quite without any deterministic theory directly describing the events themselves and in consonance with the facts. For the time being we have to admit that we do not pos- sess any general theoretical basis for physics which can be regarded as its logical foundation.” Bergdoll Asks to Tell President About Nazis’ Secret Weapon By the Associated Press. PHILADELPHIA, May 15—~Mrs, Berta Bergdoll informed President Roosevelt by letter today that her World War draft-dodger husband “knows something important” about the “secret weapon” used by Ger- many. (Stephen T. Early, secretary to the. President, said that such a letter would automatically be re- S B e J an now " e Bursau of Tovestgation) u f who became. Bergdoll's wife during the years he was a fugitive in Ger- many, said she talked with him yes- terdsy in the Governors Island, N. Y, Army Prison where he is serving a sentence for draft evasion. “He told me he knows something important about the secret cannon the Germans used in Belgium,” she said in her letter to the President. “He wants to tell this to yoi so you will know he knows what he is talk- ing about, especially & new gun the Germans have.” ended his self-imposed exile year and returned to the United States to stand trial. N, D. C, WEDNESDAY, MAY 15 180 Doubled Population |Pretty Girls Almost Steal Show |Swedes Take1esson For South America |As Steamer Starts MaidenTrip Is Seen in 29 Years Science Congress Hears New World Preserves Biological Youth By THOMAS R. HENRY. South America will double its population in 29 years and the whole Western Hemisphere in 41 years at present rates of growth and without immigration. This will happen in spite of a de- clining birth rate in most of the countries of the New World. ‘These conclusions were presented before the cunm Bcié.nce Congress y by Dr. Ray- mond Pearl of Johns Hopkins Uni- yersity from a study of present birth-and-death trends which in- cluded 60 per cent of the'earth’s population. At the same time, he said, the populations of Europe are declining, even without the present war, but the density for the continent as a whole is so great that there is bound to be an almost irresistible immi- gration pressure on sparsely popu- lated South.America. DPensity Gauged. ‘The Old World, he said, has 87 per cent of the earth's 2,000,000,000 human beings living on 62 per cent of the total land, while the New ‘World has 13 per cent on 32 per cent of the land. But, said Dr. Pearl, his survey shows great variations of population density in the Western Hemisphere. Central America and Mexico have 37 persons per square mile, the United States and Canada 17 and South America as a whole 103. Europe has 190 and Asia 109. This relative abundance of land per person, he said, gives the New World as a whole a ‘“biological youth,” since one of the greatest factors in curbing population growth is worry over a poverty-stricken fu- ture. The mean population increase per year for the United States and Canada since 1920, he said, has been about 11, per cent a year. For South America as a whole it has been 2.4 per cent, and for the West- ern Hemisphere as a whole 1.6 per cent. But in Eurcpe for the same period it has been only 8 per cent. Colors Psychological Outlook. Even aside from biological factors involved, Dr. Pearl pointed. out, this means a great difference in the psychological outlook of the popula- tions. The old are increasing at.the ~xpense of the young and living be- comes slower and more cautious. There is less and less inclination to take a chance. He divided mankind into three age groups—birth to 15, 15 to 50 and | 50 to death. The productivity of a nation depends almost entirely on the middle group, who do all the work and generally support the others, either as individuals or through national tax programs. The Western Hemisphere, his sur- vey shows, has 41 per cent of its population in the first group and 9 per cent in the last—with 50 per cent in the productive years. For South America as a whole, the fig- ures are, respectively, 39, 51 and 10. For the United States and Canada they are 31, 48 and 17. Thus South America has 3 per cent more of its population to do its work. For Europe the figures are 28, 52 and 20. The prospect, however, is that nor- mally the third group will increase in Europe at the expense of the mid- dle group, since there is such a small group of children to provide replacements. Biological Vitality Measured. ‘The actual population status of a country, Dr. Pearl said, can best be determined by a so-called vital in- dex, a mathematical computation of birth and death rates. An index of 100 means that a group is remaining exactly stationary in numbers year after year. South America as & whole has an index of 206, Central America of 178, North America 160; the Western Hemisphere, 176, and Europe only 151. Thus, he said, the New World is 23 points above Europe in biological vitality, accord- ing to this measure. Only two Eu- ropean countries go above 200, the Netherlands and Iceland. The New World is able to take care of itself from the point of view of number and vitality of its popu- lation, Dr. Pearl said, but he stressed that many will raise the question as to quality of population and maintain that some of the present European peoples are better human material. Actually, he stressed, there is no way whatso- ever of measuring the quality of a population as to intelligence or ca- pacity for progress. All such meas- ures proposed, he said, have been measures of individuals and it is impossible to obtain large enough samples to apply them to peoples as & whole. Such discussions, he said, always become clouded with racial prejudice and individual animosity. But above all, he stressed, the New World must preserve its youth and always leave itself elbow room for expansion. When this is no more old age will have set in, as is now the case in Europe. Existence of rubber trees suitable for planting in South America which produce sixfold the crop now ob- tained per acre on the average was described before the Scientific Con- gress here today. At the same time, it was predicted by Loren G. Polhamus, rubber ex- pert of the United State Agriculture Departiment, the world may be just on the threshhold of the age of rub- ber, with new uses, such as for road building and in structural materials, constantly coming to light. The new rubber trees, he ex- plained, recently have been devel- oped by plant breeders in the Dutch East Indies, now the source of nearly 97 per cent of the world's rubber. Soll erosion is costing the farm- ers of the United States a minimum of $400,000,000 a year, Hugh H. Ben- nett, chief of the Soil Conservation Service of the Department of Agri- culture, told the delegates. Even now, he said, approximately 500,000 acres & year are being ruined 80 that they are of no value for agri- culture. In a century more than 1,000,000,000 acres, or half the area of the continental United States, have been injured. Rare Books Shown o7 The Roxyettes got there before the beauty queen contest- ents, so here they are posed on the new steamer Mount Vernon, today to wave the new excursion steamer Mount Vernop off on her maiden voyage—enough, in fact, to have launched and christened the ship as well. Two complete sets of beauty queens atttnded the Wilson Line’s tenth anniversary party at the pier on Maine avenue 8W. They were the Earle Theater Roxyettes and local beauties who will compete for the title “Miss Washington” on the excursion steamer May 26. Roxyettes First on Scene. The Roxyettes were first to arrive. | They posed against the stainless- steel bow rail of the stream-lined craft, on the top deck with the cap- tain and a pair of life preservers, and happily grouped about a huge birthday cake. Cameras clicked and flash bulbs exploded. Then the second installment of pulchritude arrived. “What about my girls?” demanded a harassed publicity man. For a time nobody knew what to do. The beauties smiled at the camera men and cast oblique, appraising glances at their rivals. Nobody wanted the local girls to get pushed out of the spotlight, and yet, as one photographer remarked, the European war was crowding plenty of beauty queens off the front page * * * he already had more than enought pictures, so what? So They Compromised. Eventually a compromise Plenty of pretty girls showed up,l was agreed upon. The local comcnders‘ were lined up along the bow rail | under a big American flag and photographed several times while they did a thorough job of gracing the occasion. The girls almost stole the show from the ship—a streamlined af- fair which went into service today of Summary Today’s Star Page. | Amusements, | Obituary B-15-16 | Radio - Comics = C-12-13 | Society Editorials _.A-10| Sports __ Finance A-16| Woman's Page, Lost, Found..C-6 B-14 Foreign British report successes in air attacks behind Nazi lines. Page A-1 100,000 Dutch slain battling Ger- mans, Holland says. Page A-1 Little Maginot Line pierced along Meuse, Berlin claims. Page A-1 Germans drive into France south of Sedan. Page A-1 Allies mass in Belgium for last stand in lowlands. Page A-4 French attack on Maastricht pre- dicted by Maj. Eliot. Page A-4 Rome police check anti-allied feeling by dispersing 10,000. Page A-§ Swedes take Nazi lesson and tighten armor. . Page A-2 —Star Staff Photo. with daily excursions and moonlight cruises to Mt. Vernon. The steamer will touch :at Marshall Hall and Amusement Park after May 30. The 225-foot Mt. Vernon has four decks, including sun deck and an air-conditioned deck for dancing, re- freshment stands, tiled floors, etc. Nobody knew how many girls would turn out for the chistening tomorrow at Mt. Vernon. Borah Scholarship Applications Close Applications closed today for the William E. Borah scholarship awards of National University, granted on the basis of essays deal- ing with freedom of the press, democracy or world peace. Judges will be Mrs. Borah, Sena- tor Glass of Virginia, B. M. McKel- way, managing editor of The Star; Felix Morley, John O’'Rourke, Frank Waldrop, Charles Drayton and Eugene Carusi, dean of the uni- versity's school of economics and government. High school seniors and Federal employes of the Wash- ington area were eligible for the scholarships, granting two 'years’ tuition in the school’s junior college. Civil Service Speeds Checkup To Aid Defenses In an unusual procedure, the Civil | Service Commission moved today to speed up the character investiga- tion of all positions to be filled in connection with the national defense program. Forms that customarily are sent out to persons named by applicants for employment as reference for their character and ability carried this notition in bold type: “Please answer immediately. The national defense program requires that the positions be filled without delay.” The commission, it was said, was | acting on its own initiative in this matter, believing the course would be of material assistance, Character tests are used where persons have entered examination in jobs in Navy yards, arsenals, quar- termaster and engineer corps of the Army, Signal Corps and Maritime Commission among others. tomorrow morning; cooler tomorrow night. showers tonight. National $975,650,000 for W. P. A. approved; relief “abuses” cited. Page A-1 President may cancel West Coast trip due to war crisis. A-1 President to submit defense plans to | ¥ Bl Congress tomorrow. Page A-1 Senate vote clears way for transfer of C. A. A Page A-2 Submarine Squalus returns to service as the Sailfish. Page A-7 Pershing urges speed in U. S. mili- tary expansion. Page A-14 Washington and Vicinity Senate passes $49,397,890 District supply bill. Page B-1 Anacostia company is winner in high school cadet drill. Page B-1 New ordinance permits operation of Four Mile Run dump. Page B-1 Editorial and Comment This and That. Answers to Questions. Letters to The Star. David Lawrence. Alsop and Kintner. Frederic Willlam Wile. Charles G. Ross. Constantine Brown. Miscellany Serial Story. Vital Statistics. Nature's Children, Page A-10 Page A-10 Page A-10 ‘Page A-11 Page A-11 Page A-11 Page A-11 Page A-11 A-18 Fage A-lS Atla turbance of considerable intensity is ing slowly eastward over the Great Lakes region_and the Ohio Valley, Madison, Wis.. 1.001.7 millibars (29.58 inches). is high from the Dakotas south-southeast- t Gulf States. Bismarck. millibars (30.23 incnes). vely low in the Rocky Mountain region and the r Southwest, Phoenix, Ariz. 1008.1 millibars (29.77 inches). During the last 24 hours there have been scattered showers in the North Atlantic Stater and rather general showers ‘Temperatures have ll‘lefl bflnllr&l’lxly in the Middle and Upper Mississippi and Mid- dle and Lower Missouri Vaileys. Report for Last 24 “Tem) Lo Yesterday— am. _ (Prom noon yesterday to noon today.) “!l:hut. 92. 6 p.m. yesterday. Year ago, Recerd Temperatures This Year. Hishest. 92. on May 14, Lowest. 7. on Januery 20. | Humidity for Last 3¢ Bours. (Prom noon yesterday to noon todsy.) High cent, at 5:30 a. Eowert: £ Do Sont. "st* 5136 terday. The Sun and Moeen. Sun, today 4:568 jun. tomorro i Moon. today _ Automobile one-half hour Of Nazis; Gird Against Parachufe Troops Farmers Asked to Stud Fields With Rocks, Arm Selves With Rifles By LELAND ‘STOWE, Chicago Daily News Foreign Correspondent. STOCKHOLM, May 15.—Hard upon the Nazis’ “Trojan horse” tri- umph in Norway, Germany's five- day conquest of Holland has given the Swedish people a cruel reminder. After what has happened to five of their little neutral neighbors, the most optimistic of Swedes can no longer blink the fact that Sweden's cherished neutrality now hangs by & thread, if, indeed, it has not be- come an obsolete word. This is why authorities here are striving their utmost to tighten and strengthen - Sweden’s armor. Last night Maj. Arvid Ericksson ~ addressed the nation by radio and urged every citizen to co-operate in ° guarding the nation against surprise attacks by air, especially from para- chute troops. “We must learn by recent experience,” he said. “It is very easy for parachutists to be dropped. We must watch for them and know what to do when they Maj. Ericksson . asked Swedish farmers to place obstacles in all their large fields so that invading planes cannot use them for emer- gency landings behind the nations’ defense lines. He also appealed to all Swedes to watch for airplanes, - to learn how to identify Swedish models, and, above all, to keep the sharpest lookout for parachutists. : He recommended that farmers and villagers provide themselves with both fleld glasses and rifies as part of the national defense. Nazi Lesson Taken Deeply. This warning indicates how deeply the lesson of the Nazis’ lightning domination -of Holland is being taken here, as must be the case with every remaining neutral na- tion of Europe. The majority of some respect, but all know that the entire nation can only continue to live by eternal vigilance. Accordingly, Sweden presents the anomalous spectacle of a peaceful neutral nation existing under black- out, exactly as if it were already at war. Stockholm had a blackout on the third successive night and it now seems likely to remain so indefinitely. Meanwhile, more and more shop windows are being boarded up. Nu- merous other precautions are being enforced quietly. Iron or Oil? It would appear that Germany's acquisition of Holland has pointed her continued offensive westward, breathe easier. But the Nazi “blitz- krieg” methods and stunning power now have demonstrated that no peo- ple within striking distance of the Third Reich can count upon unmo- lested neutrality—and the fact re- mains that the more furiously the German . forces extend their on- Hitler's need for Swedish iron ore. calm. Nevertheless, they all know of a seething volcano. If they are spared for some time, it appears it will probably be for one of two reasons—either because Hitler is in- tent upon striking the British with | because, for that purpose, oil may be more immediately essential to the Nazis than iron. (Copyright, 1940, Chicago Daily News, Inc.) Two Nazi Generals Receive Iron Crosses By the Associated Press. BERLIN, May 15.—Adolf Hitler Gen. Student and Lt. Gen. Count Sponek. The officers commanded, re- air infantry divisions whose opera- l“m were 8o effective in the Nether- ands. * | Boston ___ Lowest. 64, 6 a.m. today. Year ago. 40. | Huron Weather Report (Purnished by the United States Weather Bureau.) District of Columbia—Showers tonight and tomorrow morning; cooler beginning late tonight; fresh southwest shifting to westerly winds. Maryland—Showers tonight and tomorrow, probably ending in east portion tomorrow morning; cooler beginning late tonight. 2 Virginia—Cloudy, showers tonight and in east and north portions and in west and north portions to- West Virginia—Cloudy and cooler tonight and tomorrow; light Pressure continues high off the Southp——mm——o ast. Cape ), 1.021. Rivers Report. Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers clear at Harpers Ferry; Potomac clear at Great Falls today. Tide Tables. (Rurnished by United States Coast and Geodetic Sur B Weather tn Variows Cities. Abilene _ Albany . Atianta Atlan. City 3 Baltimore 2t Birm’sham Bismarck ~Temp.~ Rain- Baro High &' fall Weather 3008 81 58 Cloudy Tl Ind'napolis Jacks'nville Kans. City SR S TS N PR S SRF L R b SR I R R R e I L PP SRR Szssugsapsssssssssssusassssuseanpasaytay (Noon. Gresawich time. today.) Horta (Payal) Asores 03 " Vetese™ (Current observations.) vene, cuve 0 e Swedes may now live in hope of ° especially toward England. For that - reason the Swedes normally might * slaughts, the greater will be Adolf - The Swedish people have taken . the blackout with commendable . that they are now living on the edge . every weapon at his command, or . today bestowed the Knights Cross - of the Iron Cross, highest military ° honor of the Third Reich, on Lt. : spectively, the parachute-troop and -