Evening Star Newspaper, June 8, 1937, Page 2

A2 ¥ THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, BILL SEEKS U. S MUNITIONS RULE Senate to Get Measure | Providing for Na- tionalization. By the Associated Press. A bill to provide for Government ownership and operation of ship- building facilities and plants for man- ufacturing war materials was an- nounced for introduction in the Senate today. Describing a program for national- 1zing the munitions industry, five Sen- ators, headed by Bone, Democrat, of Washington, said their plan would round out efforts to “take the private profit out of war and preparation for ‘war,” and added they would present & bill embodying the program ‘The bill, an outgrowth of the Sen- Bte’s munitions investigation, would direct the Secretary of War to con- Etruct or purchase factories and other facilities in sufficient number to pro- duce war munitions and supplies “to meet all of the requirements of the United States Army” and Navy. ‘The Secret. of the Navy would be directed to expand, by construction or purchase, existing navy yards, armor- plate plants, naval arsenals, naval gun factories and shipbuilding plants so | ‘they would be capable of handling all | naval construction and repair work. | The bill would declare it to be a | public policy to make the Government “'as nearly as possible self-sufficient in national defense, in time of war as| well as in time of peace.” H The War and Navy Departments. | _prohibited from acquiring sources of | raw materials, would be required to purchase supplies in the open market Senator Bone said the bill would give the Government “a monopoly of “the function of manufacturing raw | materials into final form for actual combat purposes.” He said the munitions inquiry chowed that for little more than the price of & modern cruiser Government | navy yards could be expanded and | equipped to handle all contemplated | naval construction. 33 ARE GRADUATED AT COMMENCEMENT Msgr. Edward B. Jordan Presents | Diplomas at Immaculata Seminary. Diplomas were awarded 22 high &chool and 11 junior coliege students at exercises at Immaculata Seminary ! yesterday. Right Rev. Msgr. Edward | B. Jordan. professor of education at Catholic University, delivered the | ~ommencement address and also pre- | sented the dipiomas and degrees. | Miss Mary Agnes Bauman, ranking | student in the junior coliege, was awarded a scholarship to St. Mary- in-the-Woods College. Class night ceremonies were held by the junior college graduates a week ago yesterday, at which time they were | yeceived into the Alumnae Association | 'y Miss Ann Brosmaa, alumnae presi- dent. Final recitals were held during the past week. Graduates are: Hish Sedool. McCarron_C Bostens v MeL beth Boohax” Hannan Ferzacca Elizabet] L Mazy W L H E Evelsn P, Junler Mary A R u M h. Mercedes. Mary Zimmer M Keene. College. McKenna. Dow Gaegler Grogan Lwnch. Weschler. Mary Ammnes 17 ARE GRADUATED BY ST. CECILIA'S Gillin | Miss Veronica Gertrude . Principal Award Winner at Academy. ! Seventeen students were gradusted | from St. Cecilia’s Academyv at exer- | ‘vises last night at 601 East Capitol | street. Right Rev. Msgr. E. J. Con- | nelly delivered the commencement (address. Principal award winner was Miss | Veronica Gertrude Gillin, who was presented a scholarship to Columbus University, & half scholarship to!| Strayer College and an award for per- | fect atendance over the past four years. Graduates are Henrietta Auth, Betty ‘Marie Barnard, Jane Gertrude Bell, 'Ottilia Maria Diegelmann, Veronica Gertrude Gillin, Elizabeth Grace Janezeck. Also Geraldine Grace Manuel, Mar- | garet Elizabeth Marx, Ruene Marcella Norris, Mary Shirley Ray, Helen Rose- mary Sillers, Margaret Mary Sullivan, !Doris Ann Tansley, Gwendolyn Marie _Wathen, Frances Lorraine Wells, Mary Anna Werner and Rita Marion Zuch. | | Congress in Brief ! TODAY. ‘Benate: Debates District appropriation bill. Joint Labor Committee continues wage-hour hearing. Interstate Commerce Committee re- Jsumes rail financing inquiry. ‘House: Considers tax evasion inquiry resolu- ition. Interstate Commerce subcommittee begins hearings on proposed loan for trans-Atlantic dirigible service. Agriculture Committee hears State farm officials on farm price program. Flood Control Committee continues hearings on $800,000,000 flood pre- vention program. Judiciary Committee resumes hear- ing on revising bankruptey laws. TOMORROW. Kenate: Probably will not meet if District appropriation bill passes today. Banking and Currency Committee meets at 10:30 a.m. on bill to regulate sale of certaln securities in interstate commerce and trust indentures. Joint committee continues hearing on wage-hour bill. House: Considers miscellaneous bills on calendar. Library Committee considers mis- cellaneous bills, 10:30 a.m. Immigration Committee considers private bills, 10:30 am. District Committee considers day- light saving bill, 10:38.m. Washington Wayside Random Observations of Interesting Events and Things. EXPECTATION. father in Washington who has resolved not to speak to strange women without & formal in- troduction under any circumstances. recitation, en route to his home at 1415 Crittenden street, was mistakenly glven two transfers by a street car conductor. As the Fourteenth street Mr. Luckett awaited it, he noticed a vely, white-haired lady, hovering around her seventh-fifth or eightieth year, fumbling in her purse, evidently With all the gallantry of his South- ern rearing, Mr. Luckett stepped for- ward, saying: “Pardon me, but I happen to have if you take one of them.” A freezing glare along with the fol- lowing rejoinder made Mr. Luckett move fast in the other direction: a thing to me. I have a good mind to RO over to that policeman and have you arrested for annoying me." % % X Vermont Connecticut Royster, whose cognomen has been the theme of a dissertation in this space, told this true story to one across the Mall recently, Royster was accosted by an intelligent-ap- pearing, presumably sober chap of about 30 years of age. ter, with a marked American ac- cent, to the former, “where is the Washington Monument?” Royster, doubting he heard cor- repeated. This was done without a trace of jest. “Why, there it is. right over there,” Vermont replied, pointing only about 100 yards from the pair. “Thank you so much,” responded the inquirer. “I'm in the wrong part of town.” UP. F RUSSELL PLUMMER, member of an orchestra which played recently at a local theater, is making mourrn- Tales HERE is one 60-year-old grand- Thomas I. Luckett, the hero of our car approached the platform where looking for a token or a dime. two transfers for this car. I'll be glad “Young man, how dare you say such QUERY. of our operatives. While going “Can you tell me,” said the lat- rectly, asked that the question be to the 550-foot shajt which stood * % % ful sounds wherever he may be to- day, it is perfectly justified. He broke | an ankle during the second day of his engagement here. to Casualty Hospital, set the break, put it in a cast and said it was too bad but Russell would have to stick around a couple of weeks. Every one felt it was tvo bad, none more so tan Russell. He lay there thinking about it for five days and then decided it was definitely no go. He needed money. He had to play. So he had them carry him, stretcher and all to a train. He went away with the band and has been playing with it ever since; probably the only musician playing in a major band with a cast on his leg. * % ok SPECIALIZED. An operative bursts in with the atory that he has found the ulti- mate in specwalization in this age of sapecialization. It is a rooming house run by Mrs. Louise Wynne 0f 1314 N street northwest. It happens that Mrs. Wynne's place is located nert door to the Sigma Chi Fraternity house. All she asks of her roomers is that they be Sigma Chis. They are. Every darned one of them. Living, one supposes, in the ultimate ex- pression of brotherly love. * oxox % NOVELTY. TREET cars are not the prosaic | vehicles you think; not always. It depends upon how much imagina- tion the motorman has. That at least is indicated in a story which comes from so reputable an operative that it is offered here without apology. Clig ¢ Tawsunce | e Seems that s woman passenger tripped and fell on a car in the vice inity of Eighth street and Florida avenue northeast a few days ago. It | struck the motormin as a situation about which something ought to be done, and without delay. With the approval of his few other passen- gers, he went flying up the street, clanging his bell and converting the car into a swell ambulance until it reached Casualty Hospital. Once the | fall victim was unloaded the car went back to being a plain, everyday street car. SOLICITUDE. AN ENRAGED and unobserved young wife, who obviously cannot be intentified, on a recent afternoon hap- pened to see her unsuspecting husband entering a downtown theater with a blond. When he arrived home that night the following note, pinned to his pillow, greeted him: Dear Bill: I've gone home to mama. I am leaving you for good. Be sure to take off the silk spread and fold it up neatly before you go to bed. Love, HANNAH. * ok x X UNFAIR FARES. TH!: item some time ago about the Senator paying the regular 20- cent zone rate to a taxi driver who spent an hour getting him to his office can be equaled by this story of Arthur 8. Harder’s. A few days ago Harder was told by the association's dispatcher to drive his cab to an apartment building to get a fare. Also sitting in the lobby as Harder entered were two merchants who jointly occupy the most expensive apartment at the swanky address. Fol- lowing him out, they asked Harder's customer—whom they did not know— if they could ride downtown with him, pointing out it is difficult t, get & cab on a rainy morning. The fellow who ditiered the trans- ‘They took him | LATEST SURGERY RESTORES FAGES Dr. R. E. Moran of Washing- ton Tells Medical As- sociation of Miracles. BY THOMAS R. HENRY, Safl Correspondent of The Star. ATLANTIC CITY, June 8.—Weird- ly distorted human faces are being restored to normal by two entirely new surgical operations, results of which were shown at the meeting of the American Medical Association here today by Dr. Robert E. Moran, Washington surgeon. These operations are for the cor- rection of “pop-eyes” and sunken eyes, both of which give the victim a grotesque appearance. Protruding, wildly which usually result from a goitre due to hyper-activity of the thyroid gland, sometimes remain through the life of the victim after the original cause has been removed by a suc- cessful gland operation. The individ- ual is disfigured, and hitherto very little could be done about it. Discevered in Principle of Physics. Dr. Moran, in devising this treat- ment. went back to first causes and i is offering a new explanation of how & swelling in the neck can cause the eyes to pop out. He found it in a principle of physics first promulgated by the French mathematician, Pas- cal, more than 300 years ago—that pressure exerted on liquid in a closed chamber is exerted equally in all di- rections. Now, he points out, the chamber of the eye is essentially a closed chamber, of which the eye ball | constitutes the front wall. The piace of the liquid is taken by the fatty substance which fills the space be- tween the eye ball and the thin, bon; wall—part of the skull—in the rear. Normally, he points out, the eye is held in place because the pressure of | the air on the outside and of the fat | on the inside is almost exactly equal | and opposite. When the thyroid is staring eyes, the nerves activating the eye muscles. The first thing that happens is that the upper eyelid is pulled back, re- | sulting in a wild stare, which makes | & person look as if in mortal terror. As this continues the pressure inside the eye cavities is increased. There 1S no “give” to the bony wall in the rear. The eye itself is the weak part of the chamber walls and as the pres- sure is increased it looks as if it were about to shoot out of the head. Some Cures Permanent. Often this is completely and per- manently cured by the thyroid opera- tion, but sometimes local conditions | of pressure have been set up by the stresses and strains of the muscles 30 that the pop-eyes continue. Dr. Moran showed striking photographs of two Washingtonians both before and after the new operation—a deli- cate procedure, which involves cut- ting away bone to enlarge the orbital chamber. The operation, requiring fine technique because of the nerve and muscle involvements, was devised Jointly by Dr. Moran and Dr. Shugrue of the Georgetown faculty. The eye cavity is entered by an incision tarovgh the wone of the skull be- tween the eye and the ear. By the enlargement of the crvily pressue between the outside air £nd the in- side “liquid” is again equalized. Sunken eyes, on the contrary, are | due to some injury which results in | the sinking, or “buckling,” of the | floor of the eye orbit. The condition | is quite disfiguring. The new opera | tion devised by Dr. Moran consists in | transplanting narrow strips of car- tilage between the bony floor of the eye orbit and the tough, fibrous mem- brane which lies over it. The opera- tion, Dr. Moran explained, is per- formed in two stages about five weeks apart. It results in pushing the eye- | ball forward into a normal position. A new operation for which the con- dition which often follows pneumonia, known as empyema, was demonstrated by Drs. Charles S. White and J. Lioyd Collins of George Washington Uni- versity Medical School. This opera- the death rate from this ailment nearly 80 per cent and is, roughly, cutting in half the time which the patient must remain in a hospital. 12 Per Cent Death Rate. There have been 303 cases of em- | pyema in all the Washington hospitals in the past five years with a death rate, following other treatments of approximately 12 per cent. The condi- tion is one in which pus gathers in the chest cavity, which causes high fever and must be removed by a sur- gical operation. In the past this has been done either by inserting a needle between the ribs and drawing off the thick fluid or by removing one rib for & more liberal drainage. By the needle method the death rate was approxi- mately 26 per cent, while with the rib resection the mortality was 10 per cent. Dr. White and Dr. Collins devised the operation of removing two ribs and thoroughly cleaning out the cavity of the fibroud debris which gathers there and which, if left alone, even- tually is absorbed. The process of absorption, they point out, keeps the temperature up and forces the patient to remain in the hospital an average of two weeks or more. They have cut this down to nine days. The new operation, they warned, is radical and should be undertaken only at the proper time, as détermined by an experienced surgeon. It is esential that the lung be walled off by ad- hesions or collapse of that organ is likely to follow the opening of the cavity. Biood Test for “Drunks.” A new way of getting the evidence on the drunken driver was presented in an exhibit here today by Drs, R. N. Harger, H. R. Hulpieu and E. B. Lamb of the University of Indians Medical 8chool, They took blood samples of scores of “drunks” picked up by the Indian- portation got out at the Southern Building, giving 75 cents to Harder. He then drove the merchant princes to their exclusive shop, where they alighted and started to dash for the door. Harder, through an open window, asked for the money du him. One of the pair retorted: “The fare from the apartment house to here is 50 cents. One stop is 10 cents. One extra passenger above two 1s 10 cents. The gentleman who got out first gave you 75 cents. So you have not only been paid, but you also have been given a 5-cent tip.” They came across expeditiously, however, when Harder threatened to £0 back to No. 1 rider, a prospective clothing client, tell him of their reasoning. oversecreting, he says, it stimulates | Dr. Orville E. May a few years ago, | tion, their statistics show, is reducing | apolis police. All, they found, hed at least a milligram and.a half of alcohol per eublc eentimeter of blood. They fixed this amount as the mini- mum on which anybody eould be pronounced too drunk to drive an automobile. Many, of course, might reach that stage on much less, They then determined that the amount of alcohol in two lifers of ex- pired breath was equivalent to that in & eubic centimeter of blood—that is, s millimeter and a half would mean that & man was tight. AH the policeman need do is have the suspect blow up a rubber balloon capable of holding two liters. It is well to do this about two hours after an arrest, when the alcohol has had a chance to become generally diffused over the system. Then the procedure is to discharge the air in the balloon through a mix- ture of sulphutic acid and a red dye. The alcohol removes the dye. The amount is so regulated that a milli- meter and a half will make the mix- ture colorless. 1If it stays red the man can hardly be declared legally drunk, other evidence to the contrary. might give & man who was slightly intoxicated an edge on the police. On the other hand it would be certain to protect the innocent man, falsely accused. He might be a victim of police intolerance or there might be | the odor of liquor on his breath due had taken. MoMs Produce Medicines. Valuable medicines produced by the action of various molds on glucose sugar at the color laboratory of the Buresu of Chemistry and Soils at Arlington, Va.—some of which were priceless a few years ago but which now can be made abundantly and | cheaply—festured another exhibit. Among these which is one of the best mediums for getting calcium into the system, by intramuscular injections, in cases of | calcium deficiency. With another mold | ment of Agriculture chemists have stance known as kojic acid which is | extremely poisonous to dogs, rats and | investigators, is formed in the ani- | mal tissues in epileptic attacks. Still |'of unknown therapeutic value, the | new substance may throw considerable light on the physiological mechanism of this mental disease. Started by the work now is being carried on by Dr. Percy Wells of the bureau staff. | Surgical problems commonly dis- | cussed fade into insignificance when compared to the rising toll of auto- mobile injuries, Dr. Ciaire L. Straith of Detroit, said in a lecture before the association. There were, he said, the past year and 1,340,000 non-fatal accidents of which 110,000 resuited in permanent disability. As one means of cutting down this appalling toll he urged a “moral renaissance” of the general public | “What a hue and cry would be raised,” he said, “if typhoid fever or smallpox | were to bring a similar epidemic of death. Tuberculosis in its most de- structive years was hardly more devastating. “Studies show clearly a decided in- crease in the number of accidents dur- ing the cocktail hour, and late at I night after the brawl is ended. The | holidar mood of the week end with its carefree inebriety provides somber ! headlines for blue M:nday's news- | papers. Whether legisiation or er- ' ginvering can do more seems doubtful * | Dr. Straith is a fa¢ s surgeon. Pully ‘75 per cent of the 14ore serious face- | crushing accidents : yder his care. he | said, are sustained ' g girls on the f -ont | seat beside the driver. The driver { himself re eives steering post injuries !involving the lower part of the face. The girl, having nothing to which to ling for support, is thrown violently | gainst the windshield. with injuries | to the middle third of the face. | e 'BALTIMORE STEEL . WORKERS BACK C.1.0. | 4 to 1 in Favor of Committee. B3 the Associated Press. BALTIMORE. June 8.—Employes of | pendent steel plant, voted early today by a more than 4-to-1 margin to have the Committee for Industrial organ- ization represent them in negotiations with the company. Bennet F. Schauffier, regional di- rector for the National Labor Rela- tions Board, announced the vote as: To name the C. I. O. as bargaining agent—576. 5 Against naming the C. I. 0.—128. Vote blank—1. Votes vold—3. Supervisory, salaried or clerical em- ployes were not affected by the vote, Schauffier said. ‘ployn between 800 and 900 man. | Factory Employment Gains. { _Factory employment in the United States during the last year was 40 per cent higher than in 1932 and weekly factory pay rolls were 80 per cent greater, according to the United States Department of Labor. Two Princesses Guests at Old Gauntlet Rites Allegiance Pledged to King George in Col- orful Ceremonies. By the Assoclated Press. LONDON, June 8—The little Prin- cesses Elizabeth and Margaret Rose were invited as guests of honor today to see the revival of a ecentury-old ceremony—the throwing down of the gauntlet by the King's champion. Allegiance to the newly crowned King-Emperor, George VI, was the central theme of Rushmood Tattoo, the largest military demonstration ever held in England. Thousands of troops will take part in the display, which will be held every evening until June 19. Today’s show was planned as a day- light rehearsal for the heiress-pre- sumptive to the throne and her sister, Margaret Rose. The tattoo takes its name from the “continuous beating or drumming” of the regimental bands throughout the pageant. ‘The highlight is the throwing down of the gauntlet by the King’s champion in challenge to all who do not share the army’s loyalty to the sovereign. As the champion rides into the arens, & procession bearing the ban- ners of the Kings and Queens from 1068 te 1937 clusters areund a repre- seatation of the lion of the empire guarding tiyh imperial crown, The doctors admit that the device | to & few sips or even to medicine he is calcium glutonate | the Depart- | been able to make out of sugar a sub- | | mice and which, according to some | 38,500 deaths from this cause during | "Entern Rolling Mills' Vote Is| the Eastern Rolling Mills Co., inde- | The company em- | D. C, TUESDAY REHEARSAL HELD BY ECLIPSE PARTY Observatory Ptane Prac- tices Maneuvers for Study of Sun Today. A rehearsal for scientific observa- tion of todey’s total eclipse of the sun from a plane flying 28,000 feet @bove the coastal plateau of Peru is deseribed here by the pilot of the Pan- American - Grace Airways’ plane which has been converted inte a Aying observetory. Capt. Disher is a veteran of flve pears’ service on the regular cross-Andes routes. BY CAPT. C. R. DISHER. LIMA, Peru, June 8 (NANA)— Everything that planning and prepa- ration can do to insure the success of the Pan-American-Grace Flying-Ob- servatory Mission to study today's .eclipse has been done. No matter how | the conditions of surface visibility turn | out this evening, no matter what measure of success the ground expedi- | tions waiting below us may have in| observing and recording the various phenomena which make a solar eclipse | of such intense value to acience, the observations it will be our share to! make from a point near the base of ‘he | stratosphere seem assured. | For more than & week our mechan- | ical specialists have been going over every last detail of the Santa Sflvia, | the big twin-engined Douglas airliner | that has been detached from Pan- | American-Grace service for the expe- | dition. Its powerful 300-h.p. engines | have been tuned to super-perfection against their task of climbing to the ship’s service ceiling. Oxygen Equipment Supplemented. | The oxygen equipment carried for our regular operations across the high mountain passes of the Andes has been | more than an hour far above the 15,000-foot level, where oxygen be- comes necessary for every one aboard. | The door and several windows have | been removed from the cabin to per- | mit the free operation of motion pie- | ture and still cameras and the delicate | machines used for the measurement of | cosmic ray intensity. | | on the flying qualities of our ship. | Yesterday, to make proof positive tha every last detail was in order, we made | 8 full dress rehearsal of the ascent we | | will make just prior to the eclipse to- | | morrow evening. Five of us took part in the rehearsal—E. W. Gray, | who will serve sa co-pilot and radio | operator; Harold Harris, vice president | of Pan-American-Grace Airways, in | charge of operations; William Cockrell, | | chief of maintenance, and Maj. Albert | ‘W. Stevens, who has been assigned to | our ‘ observatory” by the American | 'Mu:eum of Natural History. i | | We made our take-off at midafter- noon from the big and magnificently | 1rqu|ppe¢ Limatambo Airport outside | | Lima. As is frequently the case this | | time of year, low clouds obscured most | 4 ¢ the sky from view at this near- | D1s-level airport. But a few minutes | ater we were climbing rapidly be- _vieath a brilliantly clear biue dome. | A hundred miles to the westward | stretched the Pacific, clearly visible beyond the band of coastal clouds. To the east of us the long backbone of the Andes thrust upward like a wall. As we headed northward in re- hearsal of today's plan we could see Mount Huascaran's great snow-capped summit, far inland from the coast, | yet 30 high—22,180 feet—as to be clearly visible. An hour after our take-off our altimeter showed us at' an altitude of 25,000 feet. Our radio ' direction finder fixed our position as | dead over Chimbote, the Peruvian coastal town which will be directly in the middle of the eclipse’s totality and | which will be our station for tomorrow. | Temperature 16 Below. Outside the ship, the temperature had fallen to 16 degrees below sero centigrade. In the control room, the plane’s heater kept Gray and myself in snug comfort. Back in the doorless cabin, our three observers were thank- ful for the heavy flying suits, boots and | gloves they had donned before the take-off. At 25000 feet, our Douglas was| still climbing steadily, its motors | sang in the clear cold as though they were on some test stand. Every| one on board had been steadily using oxygen for half an hour in complete comfort. For an hour we coursed back and forth over the invisible line along which we expect to study the eclipse tomorrow. Then, our prc-l liminary plans all carefully checked, we throttled back and turned toward home, landing at dusk. We had been gone just over two hours. The re- hearsal had been letter perfect. (Copyright, 1937. by the North Americen Newspaper Alliance. Inc.) 50 6. W. U. PRIZES WILL BE AWARDED Presentations Will Be Made at Class Night Exercises This Evening. More than 50 prises for acholarship and extracurricular achievement will be presented at George Washington University's class night exercises at 8 o'clock tonight in the university yard by Dr. Cloyd H. Marvin, presi- dent. Last night 18 members of the grad- uating class were inducted into the Order of the Coif, legal honor society, at_a banquet at the Cosmos Club. PFinal ceremonies will be held at 8 p.m. tomorrow at OConstitution Hall, when Dr.. Marvin will deliver his charge to the graduates and present the degrees. FIVE TO GET DIPLOMAS District Students Graduate From New York U. Tomorrow. New York University will oonfer degrees on five Whshingtonians at ex- ercises thére tomorrow. The graduates and their degrees are Epaminondas James Demas, 1906 Irv- ing street northeast, bachelor of sci- ence in aeronautical engineering, Col- lege of Engineering; James Amos Porter, 738 Gresham place, master of arts as of February, 1937, Gradu- ate School; Osceola Adams, 341 Bry- ant street, master of arts as of Oc- tober, 1938, School of Education; Arthur Alexander Verner, 3026 Por- ter street, master of business admin- istration as of October, 1936, Gradu- ate School of Businéss Administra- tion, and Ruth Louis Kemp, 2201 Becond sigeet, mastér of arts, School of Bdu . JUNE 8, 1837. How to Behave During Eclip_se People of Old Made Eleborate Precautions to Ward Of Evil. BY RANS VON RENTIG, Pormerly vrofessor of criminolosy of the University of Bonn am Rhine, ow an_expert with the Attorney Gen- Burvey of Release Procedure. An official order issued by a German prince in the year 1654 commands all wells to be covered and the cattle kept in the stables during an eclipse of the sun. Another regulation of the same kind recommends to all loyal subjects a 12-day fast and the use of purifying pills. All eating and drinking on the dangerous day was officially prohibited because the air during the eclipse was declared to be Ppoisonous. These beliefs and practices are not bsurd as they may seem at first glance. The regular course of nature, such as the cyclic movement of sunm, moon, stars and tides, seemed to prove to the primitive mind that s general and beneficent law governed mankind. All irregular or destructive phenomena, on the other hand, frightened man and made him seek protection through special acts. Buch feared and venerated phe- nomena were thunderstorms, comets, the aurora borealis, earthquakes, cor- posants, volcances and eclipses. Eclipses were regarded by many peo- ple as attacks made by some animal on the enshadowed sun. In the final world catastrophe, according to the Teutonic mythology, & monstrous wolf will devour the sun. In accordance with a world-wide custom a terrific noise was made by the people during the eclipse to frighten away the at- tacking monster. The use of magic was another method of control. Precious stones were hung in trees to lure the sun from its hiding piace. Fires were | lighted as & solemn act of imitative Therefore. in Germany crumbs sre Por the same purpose nr'-l | tipped arrows were shot into the air. | Atonement. magic. In ancient Egypt the King, as the rep- resentative of the sun, walked with tempie that the sun might be induced to move in its daily path. What the King desired was, in reality, to make the sun “find its legs.” As in all great calamities human sac- rifice was used to placate the anger of the evil forces. The Peruvians thought that the sun was angry when his face became obscured; they therefore sacri- ficed red-skinned people to the sun and albinos to the moon. Other people regarded the sun as ill during an eclipse. In addition to magical means, the attempt to expel evil forces by noise or as animals are driven away, and the effort to piacate the gods by hu- | man sacrifice, there are other methods. The Eskimo of the lower Yukom believe that a subtle essence or an un- clean influence descends to the earth | during an eclipse. If any of it was' | caught by weapons or utensils it would | | produce sickness. The same idea pre- | vails in Germany, and that was why, during an eclipse, cattle must be kept in the stable, because poison drops from heaven. One is not, therefore, ai- | lowed to fetch water or fodder for the | | cattle. | ‘This nefarious influence pertains to human life, t00. Let us see what a few of these rules of protection are: Do not leave your house during an eclipse of the sun without tying up your mouth with a cloth. Do not eat herbs or fruit that were in the open | alr during the eclipse unless they have | been purified by rain. Do not leave {sn eclipse. Close windows and shut- | ters. On the day of an eclipse do not start on a journey and do no work. No food should be eaten during the darkening of the sun. These are all European beliefs, but | they exist in far-away India as well. Among the Hindus all household sctiv- ity must cease. High-caste Hindus | do not even eat food which has been | |in the house during an eclipse, but | sive it away and all earthen vessels | In use in the house at the time are | | broken. The same idea of protection | seems to prevail when Eskimo | women turn all their pots wooden | buckets and dishes upside down. | | _ JPire is the little brother of the sun. | thrown into the fire as a form of | German peasants drop | laundry hanging out of doors during | CHILD LABOR RULE TESTIMONY $PLI | Witnesses Divide at Hearing on Wage-and-Hour Measure. BACKGROUND— Labor and Justiee Departments drafted wage and hour legislatio several months ago; from these and other proposals present versiom of Black-Connery bill was constructed. After validation of labor relation. act, Washington minimum wage law and other New Deal measures administration rushed present leg- islation before Congress. Open hearings are scheduled to end next Monday. BY JOHN C. HENRY, Outspoken disagreement over the most effective means of achieving Federal regulation of child labor in the pending wage-and-hour bill developed before the Senate and House Labor Committees today. By the bill as it now stands, such regulation would be sought mainly through application of the prison- goods law requirment of labeling, to- gether with a prohibition against ship- ment, under certain econdittons, in interstate commerce. Today, however, several witnesses joined in eriticizing this proposal and suggested, instead. reliance on the work certificate sysitem of the 1916 child labor act. Testimony was unanimous in favor of continued efforts for adoption of the child labor amendment. Miss Lenroot Heard. Miss Katherine Lenroot, head of the Children's Bureau, appeared first to indorse the bill. Although not criticiz- ing its present provisions, Miss Len- | to their knees in prayer during an | eclipse and must face toward the fire- supplemented o permit ua to cruise or | grest dignity around the walls of a Place. | Prench people believe that chiidren | born during an eclipse will live only a short time. ‘i The President will not walk solemn- ly around the White House during the eclipse. Government work will not | stop. And the little Washingtonian | | who by chance might be born on this | | Tuesday will have a long and lucky life. But nevertheless, an eclipse of the sun has not only astro-physical importance: it is intimately related to the cultural development of mankind. MRS. SOPHIE HANLEIN DIES OF LONG ILLNESS Widow of Leather Dealer Expires at Age of 87—Native of Germany. Mrs. Sophie Hanlein, 87, widow of Emanuel Hanlein, leather dealer, died yesterday after a long illness, at the | home of her daughter, Mrs. Louis T. Nathan, 1700 Taylor street. A native of Germany, Mrs. Hanlein came to this country 65 years ago and had lived in Washington since. She was one of the oldest members of the Washington Hebrew Congregation. Besides her daughter, she leaves five sons, Mever, Samuel, Joseph H. Isa- dore and Julius Hanlein, and six grandchildren. She also leaves a brother and sister, who live in Ger- many. Funeral services will be held at 2:30 p.m. tomorrow at the daughter's home Burial will be in the Washington He- brew Congregation Cemetery. S YOUTH IS RECOVERING FROM LUNG OPERATION B: the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, June 8. —Twelve- | year-old Andrew J. Blakeley, jr., was| “resting comfortably” today after un- dergoing an operation for the removal of a metal pencil cap from his lung. The boy swallowed the cap last Thursday. His case attracted atten- tion Saturday when his stepfather, Roy Ferguson, appealed over a coast- to-coast radio hook-up for aid in lo- cating a similar pencil cap to help fashion a surgical instrument of the correct size. Physicians said no complications were expected. JAILED BY CONSCIENCE DETROIT, June 8 (A).—Louis Nis- newits, 45, Brooklyn, N. Y., postal clerk who said his conscience had kept him sleepless, was voluntarily in cus- today today on a charge of embezzling $1.800 from a New York City post office branch. “I haven't been able to sleep since I left New York last Tuesday and I want to give myself up,” Postal In- spector Roy La Forge said Nisnewitz told him upon surrendering. The in- | spector said Nisnewitz confessed. Nisnewits was held for arraignment today. Senators Warned Not to Be Misled By D.C.Tax Rate New Committee Mem- bers Told to Consider High Assessment. New members of the Senate sub- committee on District appropriations were cautioned in this year's hearings by Senator Copeland of New York against underestimating Washington's property tax levy by looking at the rate without considering the high basis of assessment. When Senator Hitchcock, Democrat, of South Dakota, one of the newcomers, asked the pres- ent rate and was told it is $1.50, Copeland informed him of the local full value assessment, and added: “A man who is familiar with the tax rate at home says, ‘My heavens, what & low rate exists here,’ but it is due to the fact that the assessment here is based on 100 per cent of value, or perhaps 125 per cent.” Chairman Thomas cited the further fact that tax rates elsewhere have to be fixed to cover the amortization of bonded debis, whereas Washington is required to operate on & pay-as-you-go basis, which eliminates sinking fund requirements. Copeland and Thomas, veterans on the subcommittee, have felt for a long time that Washington's tax problems would be understood better in Con- gress if the eity followed the rule of | M! most br cities of using a lower Mofiu—mcmdummnu. - | | Mother,60,Hunts || Woods for Son, Asylum Fugitive Thinks She Can Per- suade Him to Drop Gun, Surrender. By the Assoctated Press. SUTTON, Mass, June 8.—A 60- Iyear-old mother, fearful for the life | of her mentally deranged son, walked | into the woods behind her farm home today in quest of her boy, for whom State police have searched in vain | since Sunday. Believing she would be able to per- | suade her son, Homer Robbins, 31, to surrender, Mrs. P. Orrin Putnam went into the woods alone. Robbins, an escaped inmate from the Wor- cester State Hospital, was heavily ‘lrmed when he fled his mother's | home Sunday after firing at a State | trooper. | He emerged from the woods before dawn today and fired another biast. | Pursuing troopers were unable to }loclhe him, however. i Charles Town FIRST RACE—Purse s400: claiming; | 2-vear-old maidens; about 4'a furlongs. | 8andid (Machado) Stealing Home (Munoz) Miss Bones (Wisner) Neville (Terhune) Croix De Tour (Palumbo)_ | Caidon (Machado | Hagerstown Jr. (Polk) | Princess Tour (Fowler) 10 1 1 13 = 07 0. SECOND RACE-—Purse. $400; claiming; 3-year-olds and up. | Nyach (Verbus) m Johnny Bane (Welch) £oa 108 Good Gracious (Snyder) . __ Loch London (Tryon) _ Silver Arch (8impson)_ Mabel Berond (Lauch) Fred's Warning (Snvder) | Wise Revue (Terhune) | Miss Toucan (Simpson) _ Radial_(Root) | Lady Glasgow (Garrett) _ Lady Buck (Lauch) __ _ Justa Town (Fowler) _ Hogarty (Wisner) _ __ Lilteen (Tryon) & Kyoto (Gusimano) ey yeiee) {ISEICEAPE St 2 E THIRD RACE—Purse. $400: claiming: 2-vear-olds and up: Charles Town course. Maid of Dunlin (Polk) 2 | Gemwick (Root) - | Penny (Lauch) Meriga (Munoz) T _ xWorthful _(Fillman) Envious (Garrett) 2 Gay Bride (Laurin) z Miss Symphony (Coffman) _ | Heather ‘Lassie’ (Terhune) Sea Finn (Wisner) Halloo (Palumbo) "~ Roquepine (Garrett) | Chateau Rock (Polk) _ - Fovel (Palumbo) Tuleyries Star_(Machado) Queen Blaze (Tryon FOURTH RACE—Purse. $400: claim- Ing: 3-year-olds and up: about 8% Tur- longs. Val X. (8impson) 108 Crossing Over (Garrett) G Truthfully (Terhune) Z 10 Mahogany _(Root) Justa Jimmie (Root) Canteret (Palumbo) Jim Moss (Laurin) _ Topsie H. (Lauch) | xPasesntzy (McMullen) onocacy " (Tryoh) | Hurdy Gurdy " (Lauch) | Running Water (8nyder) Channing (Machado) Old Hop (Wisner) FIFTH RACE—Purse. $300: 4. | and up: claiming: about % furlos Tom's Boy (Polk _ Bromide (Munor) Miss Patches (Root) Dudley C. (Root) Hard Chase (Lauch) Happy (Cusimano) _ Morun _(Palumbo) Fredaiva (Machado)_ Cora Kay (Garrett) Jobakheta (Machado) Tell J¢ (Root) SIXTH RACE—Purse. $600: the Lombardo; 3-year-olds and up; about furlongs. Nay Nay_(Root) & Trixie Lass (Machgdo) 2 Roval Veil (Machado) Teddy's Sauaw (Garrett) Hiehland 'y (M. Berg) Edith Walker (Welch) Stand By (Munor) Q = < » —35332 ZR3Rca 333 =3 3333 A Pierce entry. SEVENTH RACE—Purse. . $300; 3-year-olds and up- 1/, miles, Ittt r Special (Roof Porphyry (Palumbo) - FIGHTH RACE—Purse. $500; elaiming; 4-year-olds and up: 1% miles. M ald (Cusimano) - Amasin (Root) _ Alrway (Tryon) Rageolat ¢ - 106 | root did suggest more specific authorie sation of the certificate system. In ner discussion of the problem she disclosed that recent studies in non-agricultural pursuits show: “A decided shift in the employment of boys and girls under 16 from fac- tories, where child-labor abuses first attracted public attention, to miscella- neous occupations in trade and service industries. in which child labor is more | difficuit to regulate than in large in- | dustrial plants, and in which the old | evils of long hours and low wages per- egardless of the kind of work, however, the hours of work tended to be long and the wages low,” Miss Len- root continued “Nearly one-fourth of the children under 16 were found to be working 60 hours a week or longer. and only about one-third had | & work week of 40 hours or less. Wages as Low as $2 Weekly. “EArnings were very low; the median | weekly wage for children under 16 was | only slightly over $4, and nearly one- fifth of the children earned less than $2 for a week's work. “Information obtained by the Chil- | dren’s Bureau regarding the conditions of work for boys and girls of 16 and 17 years indicates that in non-manu. facturing jobs, in which almoet half of the 16 and 17 year-old workers were engaged, the median week!y earn- ings were only $6.30. and even in manufacturing occupations half earned less than $8.30 a week. “Of the entire group of 16 and 17 | year-old workers, a fifth earned less than $4 for a week's work: hours of work tended to be long; 28 per cent | of the 16 and 17 year-old workers re- ported a work week of 50 hours or more. It was significant, however, that hours of work were longer and earnings lower for the children under 16 than for those 16 and 17 years | of age. “The provisions of the pending bill, administered on the principle of the same minimum for men and women, boys and girls, with properly safe- | guarded provisions for learners and apprentices, will not only eliminate the labor of children under 16 in the | occupations covered, and under 18 in | especially hazardous occupations, but will £horten the hours and raise the wages of those 16 and 17 years of age. “The large portion of the children engaged in intrastate industries makes it essential that the movement for | completion of the child labor amend- iment be continued until ratification | by eight additional States is com- pleted.” Following Miss Lenroot, Mrs. Larue Brown of the National League of Woman Voters indorsed the objectives of the child labor provision, but ob- Jected to their application by the prison-codes principle of prohibiting shipment into States having regula- tions. “The administration of such a principle would be extremely com- Plicated,” she said. “It would neces sitate new legislation in all but three States and might, therefore, hamper ratification of the Federal child labor amendment. It also is an unsound governmental policy because it would have the effect of setting up trade barriers among the States” The League of Women Voters, Mrs. Brown said, would prefer to have the Children's Bureau sole administrator of the child labor provisions instead of its sharing responsibility with the proposed five-member board. Urges Civil Service. Mrs. Brown urged that all employes of the administrative board be ape pointed in accordance with civil serve ice laws. Likewise urging continuance of the fight for the child labor amendment and supplementary prohibition by law, Courtenay Dinwiddie of the National Child Labor Committee joined in criti- cism of applying the prison-goods | principle as a means of such child labor regulation. “The assumption of a sound a. 'y between the control of prison-made goods and the control of child-made goods is & fallacy,” Dinwiddie declared. Instead he urged the effort should be made through legisiative provisions similar to those of the 1916 child labor law. Lucy Randolph Mason of the Na- tional Consumers’ League also joined with those advocating employment of the work certificate system of the 1916 child-labor bill as most effective means of regulating such labor. Indorsing the wage and hour pro- visions, the witness took occasion to answer one of the most frequently heard complaints about wage setting. William H. Collins, attorney for the Waltham Watch Co., appeared to ask that the act either be made appli- cable to imported products or that the Labor Standards Board be directed to study the results of foreign com- petition under the act and report findings to Congress. Swiss competition, Collins said, has driven all but three American makers of jeweled watches out of business. Speeding up their procedure to eliminate reading of long statements and lengthy questioning of witnesses, the two committees today expected to hear from 11 witnesses.