Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1937, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. May i1, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES.........__Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. NS SLPPRRI A, 3 g ast 42nd Bt CniteRo hee 455 Nortn Michizan Ave. Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Editlon. The Evening and Sunday Sta: r 5¢ per menth or 15¢ per week ‘The Evening Star 1Qc per week 5¢c per The Sunday Star ._____. ~8c per copy Night Final Edition, Night Fnal and Sunday Sta; 70¢ per month Night Final Star, -55¢ per month Collection made each month or #uch week, Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phone Natioral 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Dally and Sunday.. 1 sr. $10.00: 1 mo. 85c Daily only 1 yr. "$8.00} 1 mo. 80c Sunday only. 1 yr. $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday_ 1 7r. 120 Daily only. Bunday onl Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Assoctated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this Daper and algo the iocal news published herein. All righ s of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Reckless Tax Schemes. The Commissioners’ special tax com- mittee indicates a regrettable recklessness in its disposition to propose additional forms of taxes instead of substitute taxes. The weight tax, proposed originally as & substitute for the existing personal property tax on automobiles, becomes, in the hands of this committee, an addi- tional form of tax. The income tax, proposed as a substi- tute for the present tax on intangible personal property, is now being put for- ward as a sort of experiment for trying it on the dog. If the income tax, in the face of manifest difficulties of adminis- tration under the population conditions peculiar to the District, is found work- able and its curious inequities are upheld by the courts, then the intangibles tax would be removed. For the present, according to the reports, the intangibles tax would remain while the income tax was being given a trial. Such an attitude exhibits a disregard of the condition of the unrepresented taxpayers in the District that one does not willingly associate with the District Building. Everybody knows the disposi- tion by some members of Congress to carry out their pet theories of taxation in the District, based on tax systems in their home States, regardless of the other taxes which exist already in the District. Everybody is familiar with the dangers, as demonstrated in the past, of proposing new taxes as substitutes only to see them adopted here as additional taxes. Were it not for the considerate and reasonable attitude so far mani- fested by Chairman Kennedy and the members of his special tax subcommit- tee of the District Committee, Wash- ingtonians might well fear that in the end they will be plastered with every conceivable tax. It is a difficult thing to remove a tax, unless the removal is directly coupled with the substitute. The tax on intangible personal prop- erty has been a good revenue producer in the past. Its yield for the next fiscal year has been estimated at $2,500,000. No wonder that fear is expressed lest dropping this tax in favor of a local income tax will put the District in the position of Aesop's dog, which dropped the bone to grab the larger, Juicier morsel reflected from the water. But the proposition to retain the intangibles taX until the income tax is in the bag and found workable is 80 palpably unfair that it cannot be entertained for a moment by Mr. Ken- nedy's subcommittee. As Mr. Lodge, president of the Federation of Citizens Associations, suggests, more time spent at the District Building on the efficient collection of taxes might result in great= er revenue from existing forms of taxa- tion and minimize the need for the im- position of wholly unjustified additional forms of taxation. There is an opportunity now to de- velop revenue from a system of local taxes that will not overlap the field of taxation already pre-emptied by the National Government. Imposition of a local income tax, even if the admin- istrative difficulties are overcome, would merely complicate the existing maze of conflicting, duplicating taxes at a time when the Federal Government is considering new excursions of its own into the lower income brackets. A local income tax can be avoided, and it would be the part of wisdom to avoid it. —————————_ An analysis of the situation in London indicates the great demonstration will proceed as usual, and that there will be the customary complaints among those whe did not get the most prominent no- tice. Such things are almost inevitable incidents even when the world embraces an occasion which implies a general re- Joicing and a consistent hope for the future. More Pictures. Those who have watched from a dis- tance the dévelopment of Andrew W. Mellon's gallery of masterpieces must have been pleased to learn, as they did yesterday, that he still is buying pic- tures. For more than a decade it was an open secret in Washington that he was collecting great canvases; then, in 1935, he permitted public announcement of his plan to make the Nation’s Capital one of the most important art centers of the world. But the story was not fin- ished when his gift was formally ac- cepted by Congress. Instead it now is an established fact that he is continuing to add to the treasures he has pledged to his country. His recent purchases are notable in themselves. In them it may be said their creators become, as it were, citi- zens of the central city of the Western ‘World—their names, their legends, the inspiration of their genius cross the sea and a vaster ocean of time to a new scene and a new period of human ex- perience, So they live again and the ~ contemporary multitude, possessed of appreciation of them, is enriched by their restored vitality. Mr. Mellon, obviously, is democratizing beauty. His philan- thropy is a method for the sharing of a wealth of loveliness. Every pilgrim to his gallery eventually will understand its significance. When the building shortly to be constructed has been dedicated, it will prompt that intelligent gratitude which Americans invariably feel for money gencrously spent for social ends. But the most wonderful aspect of any such altruism is its power of growth. Mr. Mellon is setting a fashion for other men of means to follow. It has been his hope from the first that gradually his gift will be supplemented with the offerings of collectors who are endowed with the same ideals, entertain the same vision. Thus, he believes, the basic dy- namic of civilization may be strength- ened and applied in practical forms of service. A profound philosophy is repre- sented in his example. And it is pleasant to know that he is persevering in his good work. Yesterday’s news of his latest accessions testifies for his unwav- ering faith in his dream. Churlish and Childish. Mussolini’'s latest exhibition of anti- British pique—banishment of British newspapers from Italy and withdrawal of Fascist correspondents from Great Britain—is timed to be a slap at the coronation by blotting that colorful event out of existence, as far as Italians are concerned. Churlish and childish as the ill-natured gesture is, it is not with- out political significance. It discloses that Anglo-Italian relations, despite the January entente whereby the two powers agreed to live amicably alongside each other in the Mediterranean, are in- corrigibly strained. A combination of recent developments is responsible for the dictator’s mani- festation of spleen. He resents the pres- ence in Westminster Abbey of Haile Selassie, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia, as an honored guest and as a token of Downing Street’s refusal to acknowledge King Victor Emmanuel's right to that title. British criticism of the massacre at Addis Ababa and reflections on the fighting qualities of Italian troops before Madrid heaped Mussolini's cup of Anglo- phobe fury to overflowing. Still smarting under British leader- ship of the sanctions campaign last year, Rome deemed this week’'s first anniversary of the Ethiopian conquest an ideal moment for showing Fascist teeth. Apart from the specific grievances aforementioned, there can be little doubt that the British action which supremely irks the Italian soul is the rearmament program whereby John Bull signals that never again shall his authority be chal- lenged or his national pride humbled by the Roman autocrat, who has just pro- claimed himself “protector of Islam.” The glamour of the royal drama in London will hardly be dimmed by the press and newsreel boycott ordained by Mussolini. Britons view the embargo with characteristic imperturbability. The only victims of it, after all, are the Italian people, who will be deprived of that long-range participation in an historic affair which the rest of the civilized world is privileged to enjoy. Il Duce poses as a paragon of political realism, even though his tactics are strongly tinctured with the spectacular. His brusque flouting of British opinion at a time like this raises doubts whether he is the master international strategist which legend has tended to depict him. His coronation stunt reveals that he is hopelessly lacking in comprehension of British psychology. The incident it- self doubtless will promptly fade into the limbo of the forgotten, but not before charging the Anglo-Italian atmosphere with new poison. Nor will it fail to turn the searchlight of world notice afresh upon the fact that fascism means ruth- less suppression of the freedom of the press. e The vernacular of base ball and the films will go into the argument to show that a new language will have its hear- ing when new laws are to be called upon to assist in regulating human relations. Most of the “new words” have claimed only the scholarly curiosity which in- dulges but does not satisfy. Plain United States is still good enough for plain questions which call for the judgment of plain people. A few of the wise old heads that knew how things used to be done in an emer- gency will be handy for references as mature men are requested to consider new emergencies; which have to use the same old material in solving new prob- lems. B Coronation Crowds. A dispatch from London states that a throng estimated at a million people milled through the British capital on Sunday, looking at the coronation dec- orations and seeking glimpses of the notables who are to take part in the coronation ceremonies of Wednesday. A million people! It is difficult to imagine such a mass of humanity gathered with- in narrow limits. Doubtless these ten hundred thousand were chiefly from the metropolis itself, which, according to the latest statistics, comprises a population of about 8,2200,000. This fig- ure, incidentally, includes all those liv- ing within the bounds of “Greater Lon- don,” which spreads over a wide area. It is about 1,300,000 more than the popu- lation of Greater New York. There is yet no dependable report of the number of persons who have gone to London from other parts of the British realm and from other countries for the ceremonies. The distances from London to several other large centers of population in England are so short as to permit a heavy volume of travel on such an occasion. Between them the cities of Birmingham, Liverpool, Man- chester, Sheffleld and Leeds have a population of about 3,700,000. Comparable to these five English citles, with relation to London, are five Amer- ican cities of approximate convenience ) THE EVENING STAR, WASH of access to New York: Chicago, with 3,« 376,000; Philadelphia, with 1,950,000; De- troit, with 1,568,000; Cleveland, with 900,- 000; Baltimore, with 804,000, or & total of roundly 9598000. The combined populations of the six English cities is 11,900,000 and of the six American cities 16,578,000. No such masses of people as gather in London on the occasion of a corona- tion assemble in Washington when a President is inaugurated, which is a fact not to be deplored in view of the task of housing, feeding and transporting such an immense multitude. —e—s. When a teacher is prepared to give the public an educational glimpse of the world at large he is naturally put to it to guarantee that it will show only the features that imply charm. The wis- dom of the world is not invariably in accord with its most ostentatious pur- poses. — . A settlement of the actors’ strike by Joseph M. Schenck of the Screen Actors’ Guild is hailed as a possibility of peace in a fretful situation. Mr. Schenck will be welcomed as a man who is ready to do what he can to promote peace when disturbance threatens from mysterious sources and unexpected causes. ——————— As Mussolini looks the world over he -sees many points which he cannot ap- prove. Nevertheless the coronation dis- play will be given and the press will as usual be liberal in telling the truth about the great demonstration regardless of 11 Duce's sentiments. oo Divorce lawyers have a way of telling strange truths, but they have also a way of keeping to private quarrels ‘and allow- ing the settlement of fortunes to pro- ceed upon accustomed lines. DY After Mr. Farley has made a clear ex- planation of his demands of personal appeal, it must remain for Mr. Hays to show that he can meet them in the screen tests. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Behind the Scenes. How often, as from day to day The world puts drama on display, I've wondered as to what it means And longed to look behind the scencs. The loud majestic battle song— The melodies that move the throng— Their singers admiration strike. I long to see just what they're like, From where I sit the show proceeds On lines that seem to meet our need, While palaces or forests rise 'Neath tranquil or tempestuous skies. Yet well I know that speeches grand Are learned with patience at command, And that the trees and castles tall If jostled probably will fall, Behind the scenes I long to be, The wonder-working there to see. Yet my illusions still I clutch. It's better not to see too much! After a Round of Tips. “We are often accused by foreigners of caring too much for money.” “We have gone too far,” said Senator Sorghum, “in trying to convince them to the contrary by giving it up without a murmur.” Jud Tunkins says money gets so much attention that a man who has a lot of it may resemble a manager trying to be as prominent as the real stars of the show. Unfailing Supply. Advice is something strange, they say. It's squandered without care. The more a person gives away, The more he has to spare. “Civilization has gone far,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but it has not taught us to be as generous toward the faults of others as we are towerd our own.” Touring. “What has become of Mesa Bill?” in- quired the traveling salesman. “He's tourin’ the country,” answered Cactus Joe. “Where is he now?” “Can't say. But Bill has one o' them pernicious natures that jest naturally keep a man bein’ put out o’ one town after another.” Bedtime Stories. The little bedtime story brought By radio has no twilight cheer— Instead the narrative is fraught With a recurrent sense of fear. And children at the close of day Who laughed so merrily of yore Pull covers ’round their heads and say, “Oh, please don't tell me any more!” “A good politician,” said Uncle Eben, “kin ask me how I's gittin’ along in a way dat makes me fohgit all about de way he let all my relations lose deir Jjobs last year.” ——r—————— Laziness. From the Worcester Gazette. A scientist says the machine is making humanity lazy, or perhaps, more accur- ately, lazier. In other words, the old saying “Let George do it” ought now to be amended to “Let George get some- body to do it for him.” Self-Sufficiency. From the Scranton Times. A number of European countries are attempting to make themnselves self- sufficient so as to be ready for war. Bit if a country can be made self-sufficlent, why does it need a war? Kentucky Water. From the Asheville Times. The news editor who wrote the head- line, “Kentucky Town Faces Water Famine,” must be a rookie who never heard that water is only used over there to have something flowing under the bridges, iy 4 r THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. Higher production costs and higk prices in this country threaten to slow up the program of reciprocal trade agree- ments, it is contended in informed quarters—quarters which are not at all inimical to the program. According to the reports, the changes in the economic situation in this country—due to the enactment of the social security act and the taxes it imposes and to the advances which have been made in wages—are largely responsible. Demands are com- ing in for higher tariffs rather than for lower, in order to protect American producers and wage earners from foreign competition. And so the tariff issue may raise its head again in the coming con- gressional elections. * K ok % It is argued, for example, that it is becoming increasingly difficult to nego- tiate reciprocal trade agreements with Great Britain, with Japan, with Czecho- slovakia, with Germany and with Ar- gentina. Great Britah, quite naturally, would like to ship to this country more of textiles; Germany her cutlery and Argentina’s products corresponds with those 6f Minnesota and other States of the Northwest and the West. Secretary Hull and his associates in the State Department continue to have every confidence in the reciprocal trade agreement program. They insist that already these agreements have done much to improve the foreign trade of the United States. They do not admit that changing conditions in this country are going to bog down their plans for removing the barriers to trade. What they hope is that other nations will fol- low the lead of the United States and make more and more agreements among themselves as well as with the United States, thereby increasing the volume of world trade. Secretary Hull is confi- dent that the United States will be able to obtain and maintain its full share of such world trade. * ok ok Vk The difficulty, however, in this coun- try lies in the fact that many producers are concerned over the future. They are uncertain what their costs are to be and what the future holds in store for them in the way of taxation. have seen these rising with considerable rapidity. That being the case, they are disturbed over suggestions that conces- sions may be made to foreign countries in the matter of tariff duties. In some instances they are talking of asking higher, not lower duties, to cut off in- creased competition from cheaper made foreign goods. There is no doubt that the reciprocal trade agreements made by this country with others have resuited in an increase in the foreign commerce of the Nation. Such agreements have been made and put in effect with the followmg coun- tries: Cuba, Brazil, Belgium, Haiti, Swe- den, Colombia, Canada, Honduras, the Netherlands and many of her colonies, Switzerland, Nicaragua and France and her colonies except Morroco. A trade agreement with El Salvador goes into effect May 31, and an agreement with Costa Rica has been signed but not yet proclaimed. Negotiations are under way with Ecuador and there is “in contemp! tion” an agreement with Czechoslovakia. * o ox ok The reciprocal trade agreement pro- gram cannot, it has been well under- stood, bring tremendous changes over- night. The Foreign Policy Association, In a report issued October 15, 1936, put it clearly when it said: y its very nature, tariff bargaining must be a slow, gradual process, especially in a demo- cratic state. Yet accomplishments under the program have not been inconsider- able. It is estimated that the United States has given assurances that it will retain on the free list roughly one-quar- ter of its non-dutiable imports, while it has reduced rates on one-fifth or more of its dutiable imports. Approximately one-sixth of all American exports have received concessions. For the present, therefore, a term has been put on the steady whittling down of the free list and the general upward trend of duties in American post-war tariff and revenue acts.” The association called attention also to the fact that a start had been made in breaching barriers raised against American agricultural products. * K ok X During the political campaign last Fall, the Republicans criticized the reciprocal trade agreements, declaring that they had resulted in much larger imports of agricultural products from some of the nations. The reports of the Department of Commerce on imports and exports have indicated that the imports have been on the increase. Under date of April 30, the department reported its statistics for March of this year. Im- ports for consumption amounted to $295,928,000, compared with $277,706,000 in February, 1937, and $194,296,000 in March, 1936. Exports amounted to $256,- 390,000, compared with $232,503,000 in February, 1937, and $195,113,000 in March, 1936. Compared with March of last year, the value of imports for consump- tion of all commodity groups was larger in March, 1937. The value of imports of vegetable food products, for example, was larger by $30,000,000, of textile fibers and manufactures by $20,000,000, in- edible vegetable products by $15,000,000 and metals and manufactures by $10,000,000. The returning foreign trade of the United States is making itself felt as an important economic factor. The friends of the trade agreement system which hds been in considerable part responsible for this return of trade with other nations, therefore, are troubled when they consider the difficulties which may be raised by the constantly increasing costs of production and the higher prices. * K ok ok Major George L. Berry yesterday took the oath of office as Senator from Ten- nessee, succeeding the late Senator Bach- man. Major Berry, who heads the press- men’s union, is the first president of a labor organization to enter the upper house. Tennesseans take their politics seriously. Senator Berry will serve until his successor has been elected next year. It has been reported that Governor Browning of Tennessee, who appointed Senator Berry, is anxious himself to come to the Senate. He must make up his mind whether to seek the seat now held by Berry in the 1938 election or to run against Senator McKellar in 1940. Browning was nominated for Governor last year in the Democratic primary over a candidate supported by McKellar. He had the aid of the Democratic boss of Memphis and that section of the State, Democratic National Committeeman Crump, There is reason to believe that the Governor might not have the support of Crump against McKellar himself. In the second place, beating McKellar in Tennessee is a tough job—when he him- self is running—as some of his op- ponents in the past have learned to their sorrow. Whether Berry will stand aside for Browning next year remains to be seen. It has been suggested that Berry may acquiesce. One thing the Governor had impressed upon him dur- ing his recent trip to Wuhlnn;n. That DAY, MAY 11, 1837 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Wild birds lost one of their best friends this week, but they will not know it, for before he left he gave orders that the feeding stations be filled as usual. Thus he remembered his feathered friends that had given him so much pleasure at his home, Hemlock Fedge, Edgemoor, Md. Only the birds and a few humans knew the late Harry S. New as an ama- teur ornithologist. He had loved the birds for more than half a century, though, and kept that love as a precious and private thing. This column had the privilege, about a year ago, of presenting a letter from the former Postmaster General, but, in accordance with the custom here, only the initials were used in printing it. The letter, in addition to a word pic- ture of birds feeding at his estate, gave much general advice, gathered over a long period. * K K % Owing to the famous hedges which surround the place, the New estate at Edgemoor has long been a wild bird Mecca. In the letter referred to above, the statement was made that no bird which came to his feeders could be turned away, “because a fellow could not pick and choose when he put out a free lunch stand.” There shone the man and the bird lover. The humblest English sparrow was welcomed to his beautiful hedges and to the overflowing feeding tables, which were placed nearby. The owner was very fond of his hedges, not only because they were fine speci- mens of their type, but particularly be- cause the birds liked them. They slept and nested in them, and on Wintry days found shelter in them. * X X X Readers may recall a description of 100 robins alightIng on a lawn, as printed here March 5 last. The lawn was that of Harry New and the account was given by him to the writer over the telephone several days before. “Charley,” he called, in that nasal Hoosier drawl so charactefistic of him, “now don't use my name, but I have Just seen something mighty unusual.” “What was it, Mr. New?” “A hundred robins, Charley, a hun- dred robins came down on the lawn, one after the other. I counted them as they alighted.” “Were they all spread out, deployed, as it were?” “Yes, sir,” he continued, in real ex- citement. “They were spread out there so that Mrs. New and I could count them.” “It must have been a real sight.” “Never saw anything like it in my life, and I have been watching the birds now for half a century.” * oK k% It is not generally known that the common robin flies in flocks at migra- tion time, both in the Fall, when re- turning to the South, and in very early. Spring, when coming North again. The writer here had published an ac- count last October of 50 robins which descended upon his back yard one after- STARS, MEN noon at exactly 4 o'clock, had spread themselves out like a skirmishing party and had flown away, one by one, within 20 minutes of the time first seen. Our robin foragin® party was ex- ceeded by 100 per cent and our infor- mant took proper pride in letting us know. * A hundred robins, at one time, and all on one lawn, even a very large one, must be a sight, a picture which but few persons ever have seen. The advantage of being a bird ob- server is that it makes one recognize the unusual in bird life when it is seen. No doubt many a person has seen such robin formations without giving it a second thought. “Oh, just some birds,” he would declare, even if any one called his attention to the sight. * %k X X The New robins flew in that afternoon at 3 o'clock, and did not remain more than 15 or 20 minutes, he said. They came in from the Southwest and flew away to the Northwest. The excitement and real pleasure of their visit could be known only to people who know and love the wild birds. New found in this hobby something which, having interested him for a life- time, was more than an old friend in his retirement. The excitement of a long political and newspaper life had given place to the quiet of a beautiful country home, in whose hospitable hedges thousands of songsters found refuge. This was a side of a diverse character which many who knew only his bluff exterior scarce could credit. He was genuine in his desire for no publicity. He had had his share of that. * Kk ok % It is a fine picture to remember—the man, the robins, the clear day, the damp lawn growing green again in the sun- shine. It gives a good hint to many a person retired, or who is about to be retired. ‘What better way, what happier way, than to be good to the birds, to take a real interest in them, to feed them, to pro- vide them houses to nest in, hedges to sleep in, berried shrubs to give them food in the cold? This side of the life of Harry S. New, however, shows that it must be based on prior knowledge and interest. All his life, practically, he had been interested in the birds. During the interludes of a busy career he found time to help them and to study them. In his old age he found they gave him a treasure of interest and happy watchfulness which were so precious to him that he shared it only with those he knew to be interested. He would have been the last to make light of bread crumbs spread out on a humble windowsill, or to have sneered at English sparrows because they were 50 common. And the birds loved him and came to his place at all seasons of the year, not so much because it was large, but because it harbored human beings who loved them and understood them. Understanding—let us plead for it, and remember Harry New as one who under- stood. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY RY l Knots tied in the threads of life as they stretch from generation to gen- eration may constitute a partial answer to the biological enigma of race. Such is the conclusion of Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropol- ogy of the Smithsonian Institution, from the study of many thousands of human and animal skeletal remains in the col- lection of the National Museum. Most biological measurements, Dr. Hrdlicka explains, tend to arrange them- selves in normal distribution curves. The greater the number of specimens meas- ured the smoother such a curve. Along such a curve races and all other groups shade imperceptibly into each other. Strictly speaking, it is impossible to differentiate human types at all. For example, if the length of the thigh bones of every human being on earth could be measured and the measurements plotted the result would undoubtedly be very close to an absolutely smooth curve. The same would result from plotting the heights, weights, breadths of shoulders, etc., of every human being on earth. Quite different is the result, Dr. Hrdlicka finds, when one plots the form or shape, or even the body as a whole, of thousands of specimens. One no longer is able to get a uniform distribution curve, but a curve in which there are various nodes, or points of aggregation. These form the focal points of forms or types which differ substantially from each other. This newly discovered phenomenon of biological differentiation Dr. Hrdlicka calls “typogeny.” Hitherto the ever- present “normal distribution curve” has been an insuperable barrier to valid differentiation of human groups and for the first time it is broken down success- fully by Dr. Hrdlicka's work. “This process of typogency,” he says, “is apparently of wide biological exten- sion, but is especially obvious in man. It is observable in probably all the more important and larger organs of the body, and also in the body as a whole. It is most obvious in the so-called “constitu- tions,” in physiognomy, and in the nose, hands and feet. It manifests itself in the shapes of the skull, of the palate, of the lower jaw, the sternum, the first rib, the scapula, the sacrum and the long bones. There are indications that it extends also to the brain, the main parts of the body, the main internal organs and even to human functions.” As an example, Dr. Hrdlicka points out, cross sections of the thigh bones of thousands of individuals of different races show five different shapes which are quite clearly differentiated. There are the prismatic, the lateral prismatic, the quadriiateral, the pear-shaped, the gorrilloid. When these shapes are plotted on a distribution curve their frequency is found to differ markedly for racial stocks. Each constitutes a diagnostic node. The causes of this phenomenon, Dr. Hrdlicka says, seem to be multiple. The different forms are partly survivals and partly individual functional modifica- tions. A tendency toward a frequency or rarity of the different forms in fami- lies, localized groups and races has al- ready become hereditary. Says Dr. Hrdlicka: “Most of the simple advanced types go hand in hand with others of similar nature, although some appear to be independent. All involve modifications in parts which depend on them, or on which they depend. There are simple and compound types. The simplest types are those found in some of the bones or organs such as the nose. The most compound types are the con- was, he should appoint a Senator who would support President Roosevelt's Su- preme Court program. Berry filled that requirement perfectly. P stitutions, which involve many parts of the body with their manifestations. “Pure types are rare, and all the types connect by many intermediate forms or intergradations. Some of the tvpes are already fairly represented at birth, but in general their full development is not realized until near or within adult life, and they may undergo some changes even later. “The full determination and precision of these types still is far from complete, and so is their understanding. The clearing of their significance will be one of the major tasks of anthropology in the future. The most advanced ex- pression of typogency is perhaps that of human racial divisions.” Human types in the past, Dr. Hrdlicka points out, may have been superficially obvious, but they have been so elusive that nobody has been able to formulate them with specific data. This has led some biologists and anthropologists to deny their existence altogether and to maintain that the human race was an indivisible whole. ——oe—. Al Capone Faces a Sad Future After Alcatraz From the Roanoke Times. Al Capone, erstwhile gang chief, has nearly two more years to serve in Alca- traz Prison before he will have paid his debt to the Federal Government. And Wwhen Uncle Sam releases him he must serve a term of a year and a day in the Cook County (Chicago) Jail. Then he can go free—that will be some time in January, 1940—to resume life, though not as he lived it prior to the time the heavy hand of the law caught up with him and sent him away to prison. Con- ditions have changed since Capone went to the penitentiary and he will find a new United States when he emerges from his cell to go forth a free man. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago's veteran crime fighter who took a leading part in the successful fight to break gangster control of that city, predicts that Ca- pone’s life will be in peril from the day that he sets foot on the streets a free man again. Mr. Loesch, now 85, is of the opinion that Capone has ample means to live luxuriously without re- turning to a life of crime. But the presi- dent of the Chicago Crime Commission declares that he has “good reason to believe he may be shot.” Capone, like all the other gangster chieftains of the era in which he flour- ished, has powerful enemies. He has been safely out of their reach during the years that he has occupied a cell in a Federal prison. But they are biding their time and they will take him for a ride, in the parlance of gangdom, at the first opportunity when he is no longer protected by prison guards. Capone is bound to know this, of course. It is probable that he looks for- ward to freedom, when it finally comes, with mixed emotions—relief over the prospect of getting out of prison and fear over the possibility of meeting death at the hands of his former associates in crime. It is an unhappy and unenviable prospect, surely. But the country has far graver problems to worry about than what is to become of Al Capone. —_— e Imitations. Prom the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. Most church-goers, hearing the story of the widow who gave her mite, imme- diately resolve to give a mite also. - Much Ground for Dispute. From the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. India’s new constitution fills 600 pages. That should guarantee plenty of future Judicial controversy, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp jor reply. Q. What are the outstanding race mares of the world?—W. H. A. The eight outstanding race mares of the world are as follows: United States, Miss Woodford; England, La Fleche; Ireland, Pretty Polly; Australia, Wakeful; New Zealand, Desert Gold; France, Plaisanterie; Germany, Nereid, and Aus- tria, Kincsem. Q. Does Diego Rivera, the muralist, belong to the Communist party?—F. H. A. Rivera belonged to the official Com- munist party until 1929 when he was ousted for alleged desertion of its prin- ciples. He then allied himself with Trotzky, becoming a member of the Fourth International. Q. Is it true that a child has to have a permit to fly a kite in Germany¢—W. B. A. For the protection of airplanes there is a regulation that any one wishing to fly a kite more than 300 feet must obtain a permit. Q. What is the highest peak in Texas? —F. R. A. Guadalupe Peak, at the southern end of the Guadalupe Mountains, is the highest peak in Texas. It is nearly 9,000 feet above sca level and towers about 5,000 feet above the salt flats at its foot. Q. When was the first performance of “Blossom Time” given in New York and who were the principals?—E. J. A. The musical play was produced at the Ambassador Theater, New York, on October 3, 1921. Olga Cook took th part of Mitzi; Bertram Peacock, Franz Schubert, and Howard Marsh, Baron Franz. Q. Has Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach a cole lection of Lincolniana?—W. H A. He has a collection which 1s valued at more than a million dollars. Q. Please give the date of the rour up at Pendleton, Oreg—J. K A. The annual round-up will be held from September 16 to 18. Q. Has the Majestic been wrecked?— W H K A. The work of wrecking the liner had begun when the British admiralty decided to commission her as a naval training ship. She has been re-christe ened H. M. S. Caledonia. Q. How many blind people are there in Japan?—E. G. A. There are 100,000. Q. What kind of so do rabbits, beavers, squirrels, foxes, raccoons and deer make?—L. V. A. The rabbit makes a snuffing sound and squeals when hurt. T beaver makes several different sounds. have been classified as a hiss, whine, a wail, a nasal vibrating sou a high-pitched straining call, a soft= purring sound and a guttural sputtering noise. The gray squirrel chatters or barks. The fox yaps or barks. The raccoon grunts or squeals. The charace teristic cry of most deer is a sort of hoarse bellow in the male and a shriller cry in the female. Q. What is the earliest dated event in sted in his “Con- " savs that the ine ptian calendar, de- is the earliest dated troduction of the vised in 4241 B.C e\':'n: in history. Q. Who originated the agricultural fair? —H. W. A. Elkanah Watson is known as the father of the Agricultural Fair. The National Grange is to honor his memory by a memorial in City Hall Park, Pi field, Mass., which will bear the follow= ing inscription: “Erected to the memory of Elkanah Watson, nationally known as the Father of the Agricultural Fair. He was founder and president of the Be shire Agricultural Society. Near the old elm in this park (1807) its original ex bition was conducted under his direction, Q. Where was Pearl Buck, author of “The Good Earth,” born?—E. M A. She was born at Hillsboro, W. Va. Q. Please give some information aboi:d the Time Bureau in New York City. —W. H. A. The Time Bureau of the New York Telephone Company is located at the Mohawk-4 exchange. It is in a sound- proof room where a specially trained operator announces the correct tima every 15 seconds to a possible maxim: of 800 persons, that being the number who can connect simultaneously with the bureau. Forty operators work in the bureau on two half-hour shifts a day. Q. Please give some information abous Henry M. Flagler—T. R. A. Henry M. Flagler was born Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1830. After w ing as a clerk in a country store, he w to Saginaw, Mich.,, and became a = manufacturer. Later he removed Cleveland, becoming partner in Rocks feller, Andrews and Flagler, who w succeeded by the Standard Oil Comp. with the management of which he long connected. He built the Ponce Leon and Alcazar Hotels, Florida, cost of about $3,000,000; also owned &b 600 miles of railroad in Florida. was a director of the Standard Company until 1911, chairman of Board of Directors of the Florida East Coast Railway Company, a director of the Western Union Telegraph Company and many other corporations. He died in 1913. He Ooil Q. Which of the Signers of the Decla« ration of Independence were Freema= sons?—H. M. A. The following men belonged to the organization—Wythe, Wolcott, Wither= spoon, Francis Lee, Richard Lee, Lewi:, Livingston, Morris, Penn, Rush, Sherman, Thornton, Ellery, Franklin, Hancock, Hewes, Hooper, Hall, Huntington, Jeffer= son, McKean, Nelson, Read, Stockton, ‘Walton, Whipple, Samuel Adams, Bart= lett and Gerry. A Rhyme at Twilight By : Gertrude Broa)ke Hamilton. Fresh-Cut Grass. There {s no sweeter scent than grass unstored And yet fresh-mown; It lies in little mounds upon the sward Still green in tone, Yet pouring out such odors where it lies As might be wafted down from Paradise. And now a robin hops along the grass Seeking his food; He hesitates beside the soft, green mass In change of mood, Flies with one crushed, sweet blade to & tree-crest— I think to add its fragrance to his nesty (3 3