Evening Star Newspaper, April 29, 1937, Page 5

* OCEAN DSTLLERY REPORTED FOUN Cold Water Made in “Dead Area” Near Labra- dor Sea. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Discovery of the cold water “dis- tillery” of the North Atlantic was an- nounced before the American Geo- physical Union today by Comdr. E. H. Smith of the United States Coast Guard Ice Patrol. It is an area of dead water about the size of New England in the middle of the Labrador Sea. Here, through a reverse distillation process, vast quan- tities of cold, heavy water are laid down which become the 200-meter- deep floor of the ocean. The Labrador Sea itself does not yet appear on any maps. It is the 4.000-meter-deep basin between the North American Continent and Green- land. Now it is called Davis Strait. ‘The Coast Guard geographers propose to restrict the latter name to the nar- Tow passage into the Arctic Ocean to the northward, and to consider all the southern part between Labrador and Greenland as a true sea The clue to the real function of | the Labrador Sea is in Coast Guard | measurements of the inflowing and outflowing water. Rounding Cape Farewell, the southern extremity of Greenland, is the northward-flowing West Greenland current, pouring water into the Labrador Sea and the Arctic at the rate of 7,500,000 cubic meters a second. This water pours back into the Atlantic again in the form of the Labrador current, run- ning close to the North American coast, which is notorious as the path | of icebergs. But the Labrador current | carries only about 5,500,000 cubic | meters of water a second. Water Disappears Rapidly. Somewhere more than 2,000,000 | cubic meters of water a second disap- pears. The Coast Guard made a careful check to find what became of it. Some, it was found, went into the Arctic by way of Davis Strait, but most of it seemed to have vanished into thin air. Now it had been learned from chemical tests of water from various depths that the North Atlantic, from about the latitude of Boston mnorth- ward, consists of four layers, progres- | sively saltier and colder from top to | bottom. First is the “'floor,” from 200 | to 300 meters deep, which is very heavy | and keeps a constant temperature of | 1.6 degrees centigrade barely above | freezing. Above this is the thick, cold | deep water layer, slightly warmer and less salty. Then come the intermediate | and surface water layers. | These four ocean layers, it had long been suspected, must come from dif- ferent sources. The Coast Guard oceanographers found the secret. in the great expanse of the Labrador Sea be- | tween the two oppositely flowing cur- | rents. This area is normally very | quiet. They noted two phenomena by depth measurements. First, some of | the water poured in by the West Greenland current went onto the sur-} face of the quiet area during the Sum- | mer and gradually sank from level level over a period of six or eigh months until it finally reached the bottom. With each stage it sank, the colder and heavier it became. Terrific Pressure. On the bottom there was a terrific pressure upon it Being an un- restrained liquid it gave way easily and oozed out over the floor of the | ocean. It was too heavy to rise. The | process has been going on for count- | less generations, building up an ever | thicker heavy water floor for the ! North Atlantic. | Still more of the water poured into | the Labrador Sea by the West Green- | land current “dived” abruptly to great | depths. It has come originally from | the tropics. All the way north there | had been a constant process of | evaporation, leaving the water heavy | with salt. The surface water of the | quiet Labrador Sea also is relatively heavy but, Comdr. Smith reported, as soon as the two mixed the mixture became heavier than either of its compenents. It is this “diving water,” he said. which makes up the thick deep water layer of the North Atlantic immedi- ately above the floor layers. The in- termediate layer comes from the grad- | ual sinking of surface water and never | becomes notably cold or salty since | there is a constant interchange. The two bottom layers, however, are semi- permament. | | Gi THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, Spills and Thrills at the Rodeo Left: Eddie Woods, cowboy, on Lookout, a bucking horse whose actions do not belie the warning sounded in the name, during the bucking horse contest at the Saugus, Calif., Rodeo. Twenty thousand persons attended the twelfth annual Western show held at Hills Ranch, once owned by Hoot Gibson, movie ac tor. Right: “Beans” O’Connell, as he fell beneath the hoofs of a wild Brahma steer while com- peting in the steer-riding contest. held yesterday. They were D. F. Hewett, geologist of the United States Geological Survey. and Charles Thom, biologist of the Department of Agri- culture. At the same time Dr. Arthur L. Day, retired head ot the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, was re-elected vice president for a four-year term. Other new members elected yester- | day were: Dr. Calvin B. Bridges of the California Institute of Technology, | Dr. Oliver E. Buckley of the Bell Tele- | phone Laboratories, Dr. Arthur J.| Dempster of the University of Chicago, | Dr. Ernest W. Goodpasture of Van- | derbilt University, Dr. Carl G. Hart- | man of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Dr. Leo Loeb of Wash- ington University, Dr. Duncan A. Mac- Innes of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Dr. George R. Minot of the Boston City Hospital, Dr. John von Neuman of the Insti- tute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, Dr. Seth B. Nicholson of the Mount Wilson Observatory, Dr. Otto Struve of the Yerkes Observatory, Dr. Francis B. Sumner of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, and Dr. Edward C. Tolman of the University of California. Dr. August Krogh, zoologist of the niversity of Copenhagen, was elected foreign associate. Aluminum. Sontinued From First Page.) unjust accusations of undue price- raising. Despite the rise in all other commodities, the price of aluminum has gone up only 5 per cent. | “This is much less than the rise in | other materials and not enough to | cover the increased costs of produc- | ing the metal.” Justice Aides Also Restrained. | Besides the Attorney General, Judge ibson’s restraining order named Rob- ert H. Jackson, Assistant Attorney General; Wendell Herge and Walter L. Rice, special assistants to the At- torney General, and a number of other asistants in the Department of Jus- | tice. | The order stated: “(They) are joint- | ly and severally temporarily restrained | from prosecuting or proceeding in any | way in the suit which they caused to be instituted in the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York in the name of the United States of America against the Aluminum Co. of America * * * in said court and from permitting | any other persons under their author- ity or control to prosecute or proceed | in any way in said suit and from bringing in any court other than this court any suit against the Aluminum Co. of America raising the same issues as those involved in its first suit.” The Government charged in a 46- page petition last Friday that the company’s most recent act of oppres- sive and unreasonable price fixing was its action last March 1 “in ad- vancing the carlot price of virgin | ingot.” Mellon's Name Mentioned. Carr said of the Government's suit: | “The petition names the present | officers and directors of the company as being among those who would ve thus placed in peril and also mentions Andrew W. Mellon, who, prior to 1911, was a director of the company, al- though no longer identified with it ex- cept as a minority stockholder.” Attorney General Cummings said | last week the Government was seeking a complete rearrangement of the com- pany’s property The suit named, besides the alumi- num company itself, 25 subsidiary and affiliated companies and 36 officers, directors and stockholders. U. S. ATTORNEYS SURPRISED. Cummings, However, Refuses Com- ment on Move. Attorney General Cummings de- clined comment today on the order is- sued by Federal Judge Robert M. Gib- | son at Pittsburgh Other department attorneys, how- ever, termed the Aluminum Co.'’s move “most surprising.” SUCCEEDS DYKSTRA CINCINNATI, April 29 (#)—City | Solicitor John D. Ellis was named act- | ing city manager today as Clarence | A. Dykstra closed seven years in office and prepared to leave for Madison, | Wis., to assume the presidency of the ' University of Wisconsin, Councilman Willis D. Gradison, member of a subcommittee which has considered the records of more than 100 prospective appointees said “We're hopeful we'll be able tc agree on some recommendations” Monday as to| Dykstra’s successor. A list of several outstanding candi- dates was submitted to council; but | its contents were withheld. —Wide Worid Photos. Wine Production Increases. Still wine production during the 1936 fiscal year totaled 170,875,617 gallons, an Inc.ease of 86 per cent over the previous year. [ Becavse ! ROSS Stores offer you lection of the finest nation- ally advertised diamonds, watches, and other jewelry on easy terms. D. C., THURSDAY, CHAMBER 10 MAP YEARLY PROGRAM Moderately Toned Request for Labor Act Amend- ment Forecast. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States today prepared to write a program for business for the next 12 months, with prospects that the sallent features would include a mod- erately toned declaration for amend- ment of the Wagner labor relations act and an expression of unqualified opposition to a revival of anything smacking of the national recovery act from which would flow Federal regu- lation of wages and hours of labor. Despite the fact that the Wagner act has been the principal target of speakers since the convention started Tuesday, there were indications that the advice yesterday of Assistant Sec- retary of Labor Edward F. McGrady that it be given a chance, had made an impression. For that reason the resolution which will come out of com- mittee for action by the chamber was expected to be toned down from that proposed by one faction which wanted the act amended to define “unfair | practices” by labor. It was believed instead that it would more than likely put the chamber on record simply as urging that “public interest” pe safe- guarded under the law, which business charges now is one-sided in its appli- cation. The anti-N. R. A. resolution, it was indicated, would be more specific and | be linked in with a condemnation of the Walsh-Healy act regulating wages and lours on Government contracts, | It was thought the chamber would in- | dorse the principle of State compacts | on wages and hours. APRIL 29, Resolutions to Be Presented. The resolutions come before the final business session this afternoon. Meanwhile this morning the busi- ness men were told by Raymond N. Ball, Rochester bank president, and | head of the New York State Bank- | ers’ Association, that “the resul f 1937. the election last Fall should not, I believe, be ignored.” Ball's admonition came in the course of a critical discussion of bank- ing practices, in which he accused bankers of being swayed by “preju- dice, custom and self-interest” rather than “intelligent reasoning based on facts.” “If we believe in a democratic form of government, and I assume that there is no one of us who does not,” he sald, “we must recognize that the voice of the people as expressed at the polls in November is but the echo of similar expressions of the will of | the people which has been heard in various foreign countries since the World War. There has been a grow- ing movement on the part of the people, even antedating the World War, for better social conditions. This movement has expressed itself in various forms in different countries “I do not believe we are headed for communism, socialism or fascism in this country in attempting to ac- complish the expressed desires and needs of the majority for better social conditions. I am not disturbed as yet about a radical change in our form of government. We should be Another speaker this morning was Walter J. Kohler, manufacturer and for the first time at a general session of the chamber raised the Supreme Court issue, criticizing President Roosevelt’s plan for reorganizing the court and questioning why it was ad- vanced at this time. ‘Koehler also assailed the corporate surplus tax, declaring it is doubtful depression in extending help that has | been possible in the past because of re- serve capital that had been laid aside “Not only has industry paid taxes for relief, but it has kept employed, | and therefore off the relief rolls, mil- | lions of persons who, had the matter | been viewed from a cold-blooded busi- | ness standpoint, would not have been | employed,” he said. “A year or more ago it was computed that industry had gone into the red $27,000,000,000, much of it from this cause. That was prob- ably double the relief debt of the Fed- eral Government. Industry was able to take care of this load because of re- serves accumulated for a rainy day. There is a well-grounded fear that an- other serious depression, if it finds re. serves depleted, may end in the pros- greatly disturbed, however, unless we | face the facts and recognize that the desires for these changes are not sole- ly national but are world-wide in their roots. The leadership of Ameri- can business, which has shown great capacity in developing large business enterprises, will accept the challenge which this situation presents and | make its contribution, in co-operation with the Government, toward the | sound solution of many of our new | problems.” Must “Move out of Rut.” The banking industry, he said, “must move itself out of the rut of individualism.” “If it is not willing to do so by its own efforts,” Ball concluded, “it will by its own inertia be forced to accept whatever solutions to its major prob- lems may be offered by other Rid your system of Excess Acid by following the iealth resort method at home Drink Mountain Valley Mineral Water. di from famous Hot Springs. Arkansas to secure natural help for frri- tated muscles nerves and joints Phone Mei 1962 for a case today a se- No matter what you pur- chase there is absolutely no interest or carrying charge of any kind. ; Every Ross Diamond is guar- anteed for your protection. 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