Evening Star Newspaper, March 12, 1937, Page 2

CO-OPERATIVEDATA AGENCY PROPOSED Commission Would Have U. S. Supply Facts to Or- ! ganizations Here. B the Assoclated Press, A presidential commission which «tudied the co-operatives offering Europeans everything from food to funerals has recommended establish- aent of a Government agency to give information and advice to such or- ganizations in this country. Some members of the commission warned, however, that “high-pressure” “promotion of the movement would lead Yo graft and failure. ¢ The six members, who traveled through Europe last Summer, study- Ang mass buying groups, in which the customer is part owner or shares in profits, differed widely on the possi- bility of adapting the idea to the United States. They agreed, however, consumer :groups should be given the same credit facilities as farmers’' co-op- ‘eratives and private business. Experiences Are Detailed. They recommended a Government of consumer and service co- operatives in this country. All members agreed that European co-operatives were “big business” in many countries. Their 731-page re- port, made public last night, detailed co-operative experience in retail stores, manufacturing and medical, laundry, housing, electric credit and banking services. On the possibilities in this country, Jacob Baker, former Works Progress official, and Leland Olds, New York State power executive, were most op- Jtimistic. “There is no question to adaptability ©of co-operative enterprise in the United States,” wrote Olds, “if only because Iready growing on a fairly large Place for All Systems Seen. . Baker said the co-operative idea “Was certain to expand here because sthere was a place for Government, wprivate and co-operative enterprises. Robin Hood, official of the National Co-operative Council, said: “Present sAmerican conditions are not particu- Jarly conducive to the rapid and wide- “spread development of consumer co- | operation.” He said the European groups were & combination of idealism, practical business and political doctrine, and that the systeii was not a highway to Utopia Charles E. Stuart, New York City engineer, wrote that co-operatives were unlikely to develop here as in Europe and that development by “high pres- sure,” Government aid and tax ex- emptions would disturb business and offer opportunity for graft. Moderate Attitude Urged. Clifford V. Gregord, Chicago Farm Journal editor, urged a moderate at- titude toward the system. “Instead of becoming jittery at the ‘prospect of co-operative competition, private business in America might bet- | ter meet that competition on its own that of service to the con- ground, sumer,” Gregory wrote. Emily Cauthorn Bates, youthful woman member, said: “Co-operative enterprise offers women, as the world’s buyers and household business man- agers, a8 way to supply their families’ Deeds efficiently.” President Rooesevelt has not com- mented on the report or the sugges- tion of the commission, appointed last July Dr. C. A. Hart Retreat Master. Dr. Charles A. Hart, professor of Philosophy at Catholic University, will | be the retreat master at the Day of Recoliection services Sunday at Naz- mreth Social Service Center, 200 I street. The opening conference will begin at 106:30 a.m., the second con- ference at 2:30 p.m. and the holy hour at 4:30. Your Income Tax Business Expense Deduc- tions Allowable Are Listed in Part. XL Deductions for business expenses form a large item in the return of many taxpayers and must have cer- tain qualities to be allowed. Such de- duction must be for an expenditure in cornection with the maintenance and operation of the taxpayer’s business or business properties, it must be an ordi- nary expense and it must be a neces- sary expense. In insisting upon the latter qualifications, the Bureau of Internal Revenue is upheld by the Board of Tax Appeals and the courts. Ordinary and necessary expenses are only those which are usual and essen- tial in the case of similar taxpayers, “‘and do not include extraordinary and non-essential expenses.” Typical business expenses of a mer- cantile establishment are amounts paid for advertising, hire of clerks and other employes, rent, light, heat, water, stationery, stamps, telephone, property insurance and delivery ex- Ppenses. The expenses of a manufacturing business include labor, supplies, re- pairs, light and heat, power, selling cost, administration, apd other similar charges. The farmer may deduct all amounts paid in the production, harvesting and marketing of crops, including labor, cost of seed and fertilizer used, cost of minor repairs to farm buildings (other than his dwelling) and small tools used up in the course of a year or two. A taxpayer may conduct more than one business and claim the busi- ness deductions of each. Congress in Brief TODAY. Senate: Routine business. Judiciary Committee hears head of National Lawyers' Guild support Roosevelt court bill. Military Affairs Committee resumes hearings on war profits bill. House: Begins debate on permanent neu- trality legislation. Agriculture Committee farm tenancy legislation. TOMORROW. considers House: Not expected to be in session, Senate: Not, expected to be"'; session. Wayside Tales Random Observations of Interesting Events and Things. EXILE. ERR DOKTOR PROF. E. DE S. MELCHER, erstwhile of ‘Washington, Foggy Bottom and The Star drama pages, apparently is under the impression that his new-found haven in Holly- wood 15 not one of the provinces of the United States or else he has heard rumors of person-to-person contacts between the Internal Revenue Bureau and the moguls of film land. Herr Melcher recently sent back to this office an urgent request for an income tax form and begged that it be sent by airmail in order that he may make his peace with his Government in time to forestall a summary transfer from a bed of roses in Hollywood to a pile of rocks in Atlanta. The blank was sent to him right enough, with a little note attached inquiring if the motion picture studios had ever heard of income taxes. %k Kk GHOST TRAIN. Few weeks ago, a certain rail- road in the South was called upon to move 50 carloads of junk be= tween Rock Spur and Ranvens- | croft, Tenn. There is a branch road 12 miles long between the two points, but the spur was abandoned some years ago and the Federal | Government has now declared it officially mon-existent. Railroad solved the problem by making up a bill of lading routing the shipment South to Nashville by one road, thence to Chattanooga by another, and mnorth again to Ravenscroft by a third line. Then they quictly ran a non-existent train over the 12 miles of non- | existent track and delivered the | junk where it was wanted. | * x k% | CHARGED. JGEORGE O. GILLINGHAM of 1322 | Madison street northwest is our | authority for a tale about a street car conductor who confided that he had % have his watch ‘“de-electrified” about once every five years. Unless the time- cording to the conductor and Mr. Gil- lingham, it accumulates too much electricity in the works and begins w lose time consis’ 'ntly. Why a good charge of electricity should make a watch slow up instead of galloping on ahead of the hour, nobody seems ‘o know. Same conductor told Mr. G. that ne had once worn a wrist watch while cranking his coin-and-token slot ma- chine, but that it began to lose tim= | right away, even with the regulator set | full speed ahead. He took it back to the jeweler, who said, calmly, “Sure, | high blood pressure.” “ “What, in a watch?” said the con- | ductor. | “No, in you. The swift coursing of | the blood jars the works and slows them up, you know The conductor said no, he didn't know, but he traded the wrist watch lm on a pocket piece. What time is it, anyhow? * % x % REMINDER. OME enterprising fellow was in to- day to remind us that any Wash- ington hostess who has difficulty in | | remembering the seniority ratings of | the Government departments should become a votary of good old St. Wap- niacl. The saint, in case you hadn’t guessed, helps out by having the first letters of the department names incor= | porated in proper order in his own | monniker—State, Treasury, War, At- | torney General, Post Office, Navy, In- | | terior, ~ Agriculture, Commerce and | Labor. We'd heard the story before, but this time began to wonder why it wasn't easier to remember the depart- mental names than to learn to spell St. Wapniacl. We also mused a mo- | ment on the possibility that it will not | be long before the St. ceases to have “1” as the last letter of his handle. * % ok JUMBLE. A PHARMACIST named Sessford, who runs a downtown drug store, told one of our operatives about a col- | ored bell hop from a nearby hotel who came dashing into the shop the other day, mumbling and jittering something about a hotel guest who had been taken powerful sick with a stomach ache and wanted some medicine in a hurry. “What kind of medicine?” “He said sompn like ‘mixed scrip- tures’ was the best,” said the bellboy. Sessford thought maybe he better get the victim’s room by telephone, since he was fresh out of mixed scrip- tures. He called the man, who said yeah, he wanted some Squibbs Mix- ture, and wanted it in a rush if he | could get it. | COLD FEET. The day after our last unseason- able snow, a young lady making a catty-cornered crossing (illegal) at Fifteenth and H streets, happened to glance at the traffic policeman’s boz in the center of the intersec- tion. Down on the bottom ledge was a pair of large and roomy black shoes, filled to the brim with un- melted snow—but she had no luck with her search for a barefooted policeman. . * X X % SHIRT. JACK “PICK” FLETCHER of Wood- row Wilson High Scho®l recently gave the boys and girls a practical demenstration of that old adage about the man who was 50 big-hearted he’d give a friend the shirt right off his back. Fletcher’s sister recently brought him from Hawaii a sport shirt, brown= ish pink in background and splotched with every color of the rainbow, & piece is “discharged” that often, ac- | | “These bills ar strictly local in nature. | Assembly. | Mrs. Margaret Ann Chamberlain THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 193 0. K. BY NICE SEEN Believed Likely to Act After Democrats’ Warning on Appointments. BY JACK ALLE 8taff Correspondent ot The Star. ANNAPOLIS, March 12.—Two courses were open to Gov. Harry W. Nice today as the bills to save the Jobs of 350 Democratic employes of the Washington Suburban Sanitary and Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commissions reached his desk for the gubernatorial signature that would make them law. One is to exercise his veto powers and thereby strive to save the pa- tronage G. O. P. adherents had hoped to receive two months from now, while the second and the one he is most likely to follow in view of un- precedented developments in the Sen- ate yesterday, is to sign them without further ado. Senator Stedman Prescott of Mont- gomery County sounded a warning before the bills were enacted without a dissenting vote yesterday afternoon that the Democratic majority in that chamber would deal drastically with the Governor’s biennial list of ap- pojntments ‘“or the green bag” if any veto is applied. Observers in the Senate declared that in view of the threat against his cherished appointments, which are before that body for confirmation, coupled with the fact the predomi~ nantly Democratic upper chamber probably could muster enough votes to override the veto, the Governor is not likely to resist. John Nowakowiski, clerk of the House, where the bills originated, took the measures to the Governor's office immediately after their enactment and Nice sent them to Attorney Gen- eral Herbert R. O'Conor for a ruling on their constitutionality, but this procedure is merely routine treatment. Must Act in Six Days. The bills were dated before being taken to the executive and he must act on them within six days or they become law automatically. If he should decide to veto them they will be brought back to the Legislature immediately and Democratic forces will rally in an effort to enact them over the Governor's disapproval. The bills, which would accomplish their aim simply by continuing Demo- cratic commissioners whose terms are due to expire in May in office for two | more years, were not enacted before the Democrats had beaten off the re- | sistance Republican Senators had | planned to offer. | Senator Melvin L. Fine, Baltimore | city Republican, who said he and his colleagues would “fight the bills on third reading,” arose from his seat | when the bills came up and called them to the attention of other Re- publican rhembers of the chamber. | Prescott took up the fight immedi- | ately, declaring: “I am perfectly | aware of how far the Governor has | gone to make a political issue of these bills. The Governor may not be aware of how he is placing in jeopardy all ‘green bag' appointments for the sake | of the few appointments here. “As a Democrat I consider the bills purely local. If they are not so con- sidered here I shall feel absolutely | open to reject future appointments as | not local either.” | The Montgomery legislator charged | Fie with warning Republicans “not | to vote for the bill” and added that | Republican Senators often looked to | | the Democratic majority to enact their local bills and the majority | might not be so inclined in the future | if the bills were not given their ap- nroval. Republicans, who had not antici- | pated such a drastic move to pass the | measures, looked aghast when Pres- cott delivered his warning. Senator Fine said: *I did not nec- essarily mean I would vote against the bills. I merely wanted to point | out to the other Republican Senators they were coming before the Senaie and to point out the House considered them of State-wide political signifi- | cance.” Just before the roll call began Sen- ate President Lansdale G. Sasscer of Prince Georges told the Senate: They affect small portions of Prince Georges and Montgomery counties.” When the roll was taken not one Republican voted against the measures and they passed without a dissenting vote, 28 to 0. Bills’ Course Stormy. Enactment of the bills marked the | conclusion of a somewhat stormy and rather unusual passage through the | The bills first met opposi- tion on third reading in the House, | but Democratic party lines were finally drawn and they were enacted after a vigorous fight. Republicans laid in wait for them in the Senate, but on second reading | there they passed with the G. O. P. | members unwittingly voting for them when the reading clerk read only the bill numbers and dispensed with the customary procedure of reading the title and sub-title of the bills, a guide legislators use in following bills. Then came the threat yesterday against the Governor’s “green bag” appointments, believed to be the first time the Democratic bloc in the Sen- ate has ever employed such a method in forcing Republican Senators to go along with them on a bill. — WIDOW OF FORMER SENATE CARPENTER DIES Here After Long Illness. Mrs. Margaret Ann Chamberlain, 68, widow of Charles Jesse Chamber- lain, former carpenter at the Senate Office Building, died yesterday after & long illness at her home, 4101 Fes- senden street. Mrs. Chamberlain, a native of Ire- land, came to this country in 1889 and had lived here since 1892. She is sur- vived by two sons, James H. and Leonard S. Chamberlain, both of this city, and a sister, Mrs. Jane Davis, Philadelphia. Her husband died in February, 1935 Funeral services will be held at 9:30 a.m. tomorrow in St. Ann’s Catholic Church, following brief services at the residence. Burial will be in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Expires school a couple of times, amid such an uproar that after a day or two he turned it over to his friend Billy Nie- deérmair to wear. Since then it has been in basket ball games, gymnastics and numerous other sports, and before garment that would make Joseph’s coat look like the last 10 seconds of & blackout. Fletcher r‘ the shirt to the year is out probably will be adopt- ed as a mascot by team or other, to scare the | tion. Washington | (OMMISSION BILLS|SPEEDY HUNTERS POISED FOR RACE Annual Cross-Country Gal- lop at Warrenton Slated Tomorrow. B/ # Staff Correspondent ni The Star. WARRENTON, Va., March 12.—Ap- proximately half a hundred of the speediest hunters in the northern Vir- ginia fox-hunting country were stabled here today awaiting post time tomorrow in the fourth annual point-to-point races staged by the Warrenton Hunt. More than a score of entries have been recorded for the first event, according to Capt. Richard Kirkpatrick, hon- orary secretary, and an even larger fleld was expected to start in the second. The initial test will be a five-mile gallop across country, while the sec- ond competition will fequire teams of two horses and riders to cover a six-mile route. The pairs will be drawn by lot, a lady and gentleman to comprise each team. In. the individual race the advance favorites are Mrs. Robert C. Winmill's Rain Hawk, which the former M. F. H. of the Warrenton pack will ride her- self; William B. Streett's Independence Boy, to be ridden by William Emory, and B. O'F. Randolph’s Lippan Lad, a former stecplechaser that recently has returned to action in the hunting field. Lippan Lad will be handled by Graham Doughery of Boyce, Va. Modeled after cross-country races that preceded for- malized steeplechase meets in this country, the Warrenton tests are run over an unflagged course, the riders merely being told where to start and | where to finish and having thereafter free choice of a route between start- ing line and the finish flags. The only restriction is that none may ride | a road for more than a quarter of a mile and that all gates must be closed and bars put up again after lowering. The time and place of the races is not to be announced until tonight at 7 o'clock. Judiciary _}Lgontlnued P‘romfi?xrs‘ ngel_ later was elected to that office. The jurist placed himse!l and the new Lawyers’ Guild in a position diamet- rically opposed to that of the Amer- ican Bar Association, which, through its leaders, has gone on record against the President’s court bill The witness said he strongly doubt | ed that the majority of American law- | yers are opposed to the bill tain| he said, those serve ordinary clients and not the wealthy are in favor of the measure He pointed out that of the 175,000 lawyers in America less than one- fourth are members of any bar group and that less than 30,000 are members of the American Bar Association. Reflect View of Clients. “I am convinced,” Judge Devaney said, “that among members of the American Bar Association many have gone on record against the President’ proposal after a most cursory study of the recommendation. I am member of the American Bar Associa The association has done many good things, but it has come uncer Cer- | the control of leaders who serve the most successful clients and they re- flect the views of their clients.” The witness said there had been | need of a new association of lawyers | to express the attitude of the rank and file of the attorneys, representing the interests of ordinary clients. The Lawyers’ Guild originated, he said, for such a purpose. If the lawyers of the country, he said, are to regain the position which they have lost in the eyes of the country, they must show that they are serving the in- terests of the ordinary people. “Public respect for the courts and fos lawyers is at a low ebb today,” said the witness. “In recent years the people have come to believe, un- fortunately, that democrac; does not | —ork in the court house. If the law- years and the courts were taken to the whipping post they would not be let off as easily even as were the bankers.” In saying he is opposed to a con- stitutional amendment that would re- quire a seven-to-two or six-to-three vote of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, he explained that the real value of judicial review is the protection it gives against unintentional impingement by the Legislature on civil and religious rights. laws impairing the constitutionally- guaranteed rights have been passed and declared unconstitutional by the court “But,” he continued, “the present reactionary majority of the Supreme Court has shown more concern for property rights than for the civil and religious rights of the average man. I do not believe the American people would accept a situation which in the futur>, when the present n.ajority may become a minority, would enable them to prevent the court from invalidating a law violating civil or religious rights.” | Questioned by King. Senator King, Democrat, of Utah, who is opposed to the bill, then began questioning Devaney about the organi- zation of the three-week-old Lawyers’ Guild. The witness said the guild was in process of formation long before the President’s plan was announced. After Senator King had pointed out that many State Supreme Courts de- clare acts of State Legislatures uncon- stitutional, he asked if this did not indicate the people as a whole want an independent, uncontrolled judi- ciary. Devaney agreed that they did. Senator O’Mahoney, Democrat, of ‘Wyoming next questioned Judge Dev- aney closely regarding his opposition to the constitutional amendment. “You say,” said O’Mahoney, “that the power should not be placed in the hands of & minority of the Supreme Court to uphold the law that should be declared unconstitutional. If a law has been passed by a majority of the House and of the Senate and signed by the President and apparently has the backing of the country, there should be strong reason for its being sustained.” Judge Devaney said he believed in the rule of the majority. That, he said, applied to the Supreme Court, and in reply to another question he | said he would not do away with the 5-to-4 decisions. O’Mahoney asked if it were not true that the President’s court bill per- mitted the appointment of a man 65 years of age to the Supreme Court bench who would not be eligible for retirement until he was 75. Judge Devaney agreed that this was so, for the bill specifies that a judge must have served 10 years on the bench before he may be retired. ‘The bfll,_flun(m," sald O'Maho- lawyers who | al In the past, h¢ pointed out, | Mrs. Simpson Guest in 'Chateau P. W. A. FINANCING Work Based on Wages Paid. Under continued White House pres- | sure, the Public Works Administration today sharply revised its financing policy in the form of a proposal to make Federal grants of money for local construction work solely on the basis of wages paid to workers taken off relief rolls. The new policy, which would have | the effect of greatly reducing the cus- tomary Federal grant meeting 25 per cent of total construction costs, was enunciated in an offer to aid the financing of a $1,654,000 bridge across the St. John's River at Jacksonville, Fla. Administrator Ickes proposed to to the sum paid in direct wages to relief workers, plus a 15 per cent | bonus, provided the total grant shall | not exceed $295,250. | The P. W. A, in other words, would pay only about 17 per cent of the to- tal construction costs, compared with the customary 25 per cent. | ney “does not solve the question of age." In his prepared statement Judge De- vaney had told the committee the courts will come out of the present controversy with more respect from the people if the whole question is discussed with franknes. now. He said a dangerous myth had grown up about | the courts and particularly about the | Supreme Court in this country. The people, he said, have been taught to look on the Supreme Court as an impersonal organization, and have been taught that it is not the ustices of the Supreme Court, but the | Constitution which speaks when a decision is handed down. He charged | that the effort to build up this myth | about the Supreme Court had grown in intensity after adoption of the | constitutional amendment for direct election of Senators. The Senate, he intimated, had been a bulwark of consevatism prior to | the direct election of Senators. The | myth about the Supreme Court. he | contended, has been fostered by the | conservatives and special interests. “A judicial, not crisis exists today."” the witness said. He said the court has been improvis- ing legislative power. | “The American people look to the | Congress to exercise these legislative | powers and they look to Congress not | to permit the Supreme Court to exer- | cise such powe Cites Child Labor Law. Judge Devaney said it was possible, of course, to limit the power of the | Supreme Court to declare laws uncon- stitutional by adoption of a constitu- tional amendment. He argued that the supporters of a constitutional amendment are themselves divided on ‘the form it should take and that it ‘mxght take many years to adopt a constitutional amendment. He pointed to the child labor amendment, which has been pending for 13 years and has so far failed of adoption. “As a spokesman of the rank and | file of American lawyers and as a former judge,” said Judge Devaney, “I don't want to see the country lose | respect for and confidence in the court, because the country believes the courts are ruling against legislation desired b_v, a majority of the people. The people will tolerate mistakes but | they will not tolerate delay.” | Pointing out that the late President Coolidge vetoed the McNary-Haugen bill for the benefit of the farmers on |the ground it was unconstitutional, the witness said the Supreme Court &s now constituted undoubtedly would hold unconstitutional the promises made to the farmers either by Presi- dent Roosevelt or by Alf M. Landon, the Republican nominee for President, if they were written into law. “They might be held unconstitu- tional,” he said, “by a 5-to-4 decision. The farmers of the country will not stand for it.” Plan “Constitutional”. Judge Devaney insisted that the stitutional and that the President must be trusted to fill the six additional places on the bench with suitable men, whom the Senate could properly con- firm. He said the proposal of the President was “frank and conserva- tive” and that there was nothing in it to impair the independence of the court. He said the judges who cannot rise above their own prejudices have no right to a place on the bench, im- plying that this was the case with some of the present Supreme Court mem- bers. He pointed out that President Roose- velt has been elected to a second term of office and as yet has had no opportunity to make any appoint- ment to the Supreme Court, something that has rarely happened before to any President after serving a full term. The American Bar Association, whom Judge Devaney charged with being ultra-conservative, recommend- ed to the late President Harding an increase in the number of the Supreme Court to 12, the witness pointed out. Apparently, he said, they did not fear to have new and additional justices appointed by Harding. “The Lawyers' Guild,” he said, “dif- fers from the leaders of the Ameri~ can Bar Association as to what con- stitutes an independent judiciary.” ] POLICY IS REVISED H . | Federal Grants for Construction the old-fashioned | | limit the grant to an amount equal | a constitutional, | President's court plan is entirely con- | __ This turreted castle, the Chateau de Cande, at Monts, rance, houses Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson during her visit as the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Bedaus of New York. | | | L% ¢ WILLARD STRIKE AGREEMENT NEAR Negotiations With Foriner Sit-Downers to Resume This Afternoon. Negotiations between the Willard Hotel management and representa- tives of former sit-down strikers were to be resumed early this afternoon with the prospect that an agreement acceptable to both sides will be reached. Union spokesmen said that ‘“sec- ondary” points were settled at a four- | hour conference at the Willard yeste: day afternoon, and that the m issues are tc be taken up today. The result of the conference wil be reported tonight to a mass meet- ing called by the Hotel and Re rant Employes’ Alliance, Local 429, in their headquarters at Eleventh street. Colvin at Conferences. 42 The conferences between the man- agement and union representativ are being attended by Howard Colv conciliation commissioner of the Lab Department for this district, wh | helped to bring about a truce Tuesda night between about 60 sit-d | cooks, waiters and bellboys and management. It was said that “sat progress had been made in the neg tiations thus far. Approximately 50 pickets yesterda continued to patrol two plants of ti National Pants Co. at 408 First stre southeast and 516 Eighth street south- east, where some 40 girls were locked out Wednesday following a brief s down demonstration. The manag: ment announced a 15 per cent wage raise and said most of the girls locked out had been re-employed. Strikers said, however, that only a few of the girls had gone back. . Plants Resume Operation. Both plants had resumed operation. Police said the picketing has been con ducted in an orderly manner. The pickets have held demons: tions at lunch and closing hours front of the two plants. The strike was called in symp: for another strike in a plant o] ated by the same company in Pe sylvania. Wages are paid on a pic | work basis. Norris M A view of the bath room of the five-room suite that has been placed at Mrs. Simpson’s disposal italian black marble, with gold- Lavatory at left center is of plated legs and fittings. —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. AIRLINE T0 BLAZ 1 O00-MILE TRAIL Huge Flying Boat Will Hop From California to New Zealand. | One of the greatest air-transport trail-blazing flights in history—from San Francisco to Auckland, New Zea- land—is about to be undertaken by Pan American Airways after more than two years of preliminary work by the airline and the Bureau of Air | Commerce. The first part of the flight may de- velop into a race between the four- engined flying boat now being groomed in California for the 7,000-mile trip and Amelia Earhart Putnam's Lock- heed landplane. Miss Earhart and the clipper crew will follow the regular Pan American Airways transport route to Honolulu There their courses will diverge, the | famous woman flyer heading south- | west to Howland Island and New | | Guinea, while the clipper bears off |in a more southerly course to King- | man Reef, Pago Pago, Samoa and | | Auckland. At the time the present trans-Pacific | route from San Francisco to Hong- | kong, China, was laid out, fleld studies | were begun on the route to Australasia. The pioneering flight now about to begin is one of the final steps in these studies. | The route to be followed by the clip- | per in its pioneering flight lies from | | Honolulu to Kingman Reef, 1,100 | | miles; to Pago Pago, 1.600 miles; and | to Auckland, 1,800 miles. The San Francisco-Honolulu leg is 2,400 miles. Kingman Reef, on which a small observation party has been stationed, is a tiny dot located in almost the ex- act geographical center of the Pacific, Its sand surface is less than the size of the average city residential building lot. As a part of the preparatory pro- gram the Commerce Departmen:. two years ago undertook the colonization of the American islands of Baker, Howland and Jarvis, which lie within a few hundred miles on either side of the direct air route to New Zealand. | The “colonists” for the most part are young Hawaiian graduates of the |in Fidelity American College at Honolulu. Rhodes (Continued From Fi t Page.) defense story of the fight by the con- troller as “a smoke screen.” In his closing argument, William E Leahly, chief of defense counsel, de- clared that “not one dollar has been lost to anybody by any bookkeeping entry so far as the evidence discloses.” Attitude of Controller. Pointing to two instances where the | defendant had put his own money and that of a daughter and brother in Fidelity to keep it going, Leahy excused the various account manipu- lations by saying that Rhodes was “driven to these acts™ by the a le of the controller of the currency, who was attempting to close six branches ot Fidelity. Insisting that “not one cent” had accrued to Rhodes’ benefit Leahy said: “There is only one man in this case who has been proved to have lost a penny—that man Rhodes.” The closing arguments at- iracted a huge crowd into the court room, at one time many spectators standing. At yesterday afternoon's session prayers and instructions were argued, after the presentatilon of testimon had been concluded with the re- calling of Irr, Government Print- ing Office employe, who was a heavy depositor at Fidelity, where Rhodes is accused of forging his name to a withdrawal slip for $1,500. Irr denied the contention of the defense that he had put his resources at Rhodes’ disposal to carry on a fight against the Controller of the Currency, who was trying to close six pranches of the building and loan association. Meantime a proposal to reopen the Fidelity, as a Federal Savings and Loan Association under authority of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, is under consideration by Home Loan is representatives and the Controller of | the Currency. The institution is in charge of a receiver, appointed by the controller, and the proposal for re- | organization came from the Home Loan Bank Board after a careful investigation of its accounts. Details of the proposal to reorganize have not been made public but it is under- stood that members of the association would be offered the choice of re- ! ceiving part of their deposits in cash or of investing them in shares of the | new Federal institution. What per- centage is to be made available had not been agreed to by the two Gov- ernment agencies. Quit Bench to By the Associated Press. Bushy-browed John Patrick De- vaney, who took up the case for the President’s court proposal before a Senate committee today, enjoys the verbal give-and-take of cross-exami- nation. “The rough and tumble of the court room,” he said, “that's where I be- long.” That was why he resigned last month as chief justice of the Minne- sota Supreme Court to return to the | practice of law, he added. Devaney is | president of the newly-organized Na- | tional Lawyers’ Guild, which indorsed | the President's program at a conven- | | tion here. The blue-eyed descendant of Irish | fishermen has followed politics for years, but never ran for .office until he was 50. A liberal of jovial mien, he became a friend and adviser of the late Floyd B. Olson of Minnesota. After Olson named him chief justice of the State to fill a vacancy in 1933, Devaney ran for re-election. He won honors as a student orator and dejater at the University of Devaney Likes Legal Fight; Practice Again Minnesota and later studied law at Marquette. He was born in Lake Mills, Iowa. His friends describe him as “a cour- ageous legal mind.” Another large crowd was attracted by today’s hearing in the marble-col- umned caucus room in the Senate Office Building. It was, however, not as large as previous days when Attor- ney General Cummings and Assistant Attorney General Robert H. Jackson appeared in behalf of Mr. Roosevelt's | plan. Devaney read his prepared statement quietly afdl slowly, often gesturing | toward Chairman Ashurst to empha- | size a point. Most of the 16 committee members present—Senators Borah, Republican, of Idaho and Van Nuys, Democrat, of Indiana were absent—paid close at- tention. To help committee members in hearing and being heard, they were grouped around the head table today, instead of being stretched across the room behind a row of tables like a two days, court bench as they were during the | (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) reasona when the S upon the cc of Congress to nulli bare ma reme Cou: stitutional it should seem fair that a law | gress. and approved by | by all the people. by a bare ma holding v or count No:ris directed mu tion 10 the low “the greatest ev | tem™ arise. He proposed ti applying by law to pos defendant from iamages to the P Norris said there was * wisdom of such a cou: o wong proposals for constitut nts, Norris said ‘‘'seems L e giving Congre! wages and hou: tical necessi his p posals was an amendmen. to pe | mit Congress to handle agricultural problems Walsh Reveals Position. Another Senator hitherto reticent about the sevelt bill—Walsh, Dem- ocrat, of Massachusetts—will decl | against it tonight in addressing a mass meeting in New York along with Senators Burke, Democrat, of Ne- braska, and Copeland, Democrat, of | New York. | A supporter of N. R. A. and collec- tive bargaining legislation, Walsh said in an interview today that, when Su- preme Court interpretations ct the Constitution go counter to social leg lation, he believed the proper way change the situation was by consti tional amendment. Senator Van Nuys, Democrat, of In- diana, also opposing the administr: tion proposal, said the opponents were trying to get together on phraseology of an amendment to offer in place of the bill to increase the number of Supreme Court justices if members over 70 do not retire. Although disagreeing with state- ments made by Assistant Attorney lGeneral Jackson before the Judici- | ary Committee yesterday, Van Nuys | and several other committee members praised Jackson for poise, frankness and a forceful presentation. The amendment route to the admin- istration’s goal was questioned by Jackson. No one could foresee what interpretation would be given an amenament, he said as “a pré Another of h hurst Reprimands l orris for Snapping 1 Rubber Band on Pad [ | By the Assoclated Press, Senator Norris, Independent of Nebraska, drew a diplomatic reprimand —muffied in polite verbiage — today from Senator Ashurst, Democrat, of Arizona, the supercourteous chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. As the committee listened to testimony on the President’s court program, the snowy-haired Nee braskan began absent-mindedly to snap a rubber band against his scratch pad. Ashurst—who has repeatedly deplored the “miserable acous- tics” of the hearing room—finally rose to his feet and said “The members of this commit- tee are among the most polite men in the Nation and they hesi- tate to raise their voices in speak- ing to a witness. “Will spectators and Senators kindly stop moving about the hall, shifting chairs, ruffling pa- pers —and snapping rubber bands?” -