Evening Star Newspaper, January 10, 1937, Page 34

Catherine V. Brooks, bette: r known to her schoolmates at the Academy of the Holy Cross as Kitty, follows in the footsteps of her grandfather, Philip Simms Warren, vice president of the American Philatelic Society, Philatelic Society, sponsor of nu treasurer of the Washington mbers of junior groups of stamp collectors and himself a veieran practitioner of the philatelic art in all its many fascinating phases. Thirteen years of age, Catherine shows in this picture her first album, brought by a philatelic Santa Claus on Christmas morning, but already well filled. —Star Staff Photo. BY JAMES WALDO FAWCETT. Postmaster General James A. Far- fey, in the summary of his annual report, released on Friday, said: “The receipts accruing from the sale of | postage stamps and other stamped paper, as reported in postmasters’ stamp accounts, have continued to show a gratifying increase, totaling $491,677,04098, a gain of $18214.- 528.36, compared with the previous year, which is evidence of the sub- stantial nature of the upturn in busi- ness noted in the last report, as Teflected in the postal revenues. “The increased demand for docu- | mentary internal revenue stamps, like- wise, offers further proof of the better business conditions that have pre- vailed throughout the country, the post office sales of which totaled $3,348,919.45, representing a gain of 21 per cent compared with the pre- | ceding year. Sales of migratory bird | hunting stamps amounted to $448,204, | & decrease of 29 per cent. “During the year there were issued to postmasters on requisition a total | of 17,585,496,921 postage stamps and other varieties of stamped paper, a gain of 433,660,526 pieces. “During the year there were pro- duced a #otal of 1,619,348,428 stamped | envelopes at a manufactured cost of $2,047,346.14. The sale value of these envelopes amounted to $44,450,159.84, which was $5,060,370.47 in excess of the postage value of the stamps em- bossed thereon. This surplus is re- quired, under the law. as reimburse- ment to the Government for the ex- pense of manufacture and distribu- tion. “There were on hand, or due on| pending orders to the contractors, in the 35 distributing subagencies located | in various parts of the country and in stock at the United States Envelope Agency, Dayton, Ohio, a total of 509,236,150 postal cards and 519,712,- 000 unprinted stamped envelopes. The maintenance of this reserve stock is| beneficial to the contractor in better regulating the manufacture and to the | | department in providing ample stocks | of stamped paper for immediate use. “In accordance with a long-estab- lished custom, one of the outstanding phases of the department’s yearly postal program has been the provision of special issues of postage stamps in commemoration of historical and other events of national interest. These special stamps not only serve &s permanent memorials to the im- portant incidents for which they are provided, but they also have the effect of stimulating greater interest in the collecting of postage stamps, —_— STAMPS. pare Washington Prices— Beott's 1937 BDecllllzed U. 8. Catalogue $2.30 in city. F. D. Army & Navy covers complete: singles, Parks, singles, § tlux 36c. €0c. ED Com| THE MOST HISTORIC ISSUE IN EWIST. ENCE, “The Spark That Set the World Afire”” We include this complete st also & complete Denmerk-Ancient-Ship set; 2 complete Russian sets; 3 stamps over 50 Id and_Italy's Mussolini stamp, all cl2 PEARSON BROTHERS. 68 assau St.. 76. New SCOTT U. 2.50 (New res. price, IN ED- ARD VIII cpl. sets 155 hlll $1.00— Mnmcm prices on request. THE STAMP SHOP. 929 G_St. N.W. First Day Covers, 2c Army and Navy. ea., Dept. ea. 5c. Set of 10, $1.00: blocks, . 8. Tist free. Tipex, 36c: Chicage 115, Fidelity Stamp’ Co.. Devt. 40. Earle Buildins. Wash.. UYENO'S STAMP SHOP Bousht and Sold HOBBY S| 716 13th St. N.W. nmrm 1272 WHITNEY’S STAMP MART 102 12th St. N.W. Met._6593 NATIONAL STAMP MART 1317 F St_N.W.. Rm. 411. __ Dist. 3217 STAMP ALBUMS stul Books. Catalogues, New Sets, Sintle mnn- Pmmelle Sunnlll::.' Call and see HARRY'B. MASON, 918 F N.W. FREE U. S. ZEPPELIN SET 1,000 winners will receive 1.000 val- o prizes with a total eatalogue o of thousand dollars in our o D oentont B 1dn Y OT ke to win'a, comblets United States Zeppelin set of 3 values ch costs mere than $10.00 collect British anlln leh. udis llf llllnfll"ss‘gea:lln. = costs over plete collection of Italian Colonial Air- mails, face value 843 lira (which costs over $50.00 to buy)? ~These are just 0 The thowsand valnsble prises in this neova; 1an important source of profitable rev- !enue to the department. “During the past year stamps in the | 3-cent denomination of commemora- tive design were authorized to mark |the completion of Boulder Dam, the | centennial anniversaries of Michigan, ‘Texas and Arkansas, and the tercen- | tenary anniversary of Rhode Island. Included in the miscellaneous issues were the 25-cent trans-Pacific airmail | stamp, a 16-cent special delivery air- 1mm.l stamp printed in bicolor, and a | souvenir sheet containing one each of the Connecticut, California-Pacific Exposition, Michigan, and Texas com- memorative stamps. | “The increasing importance of the | Philatelic Agency as a source of supply | | of postage stamps for collection use has been again demonstrated in the re- ceipts from such sales of $1,846,253.79. This represents the highest amount of business recorded since the opening | | of the agency in December, 1921, with the exception of the preceding year, the sales of which included the special | issue of imperforate stamps in whole sheets and blocks. “As a high percentage of the stamps sold in the agency are never used for postage, the accumulated revenue | largely represents clear profit to the department. The establishment of the Philatelic Agency has not only been amply justified from the viewpoint of profitable revenues, but it has served indirectly to promote the interests of philately throughout the country. This is reflected in substantial sales of stamps in post offices for collection purposes, the aggregate amount of which is not a matter of record.” ‘The December 11 issue of the Phila- | telic Magazine, London, contains an interesting interview with Mr. Farley, | written by Albert H. Harris, editor and publisher, from which the fol- lying idea of all these new stamps, | apart from revenue from stamp col- lectors?” Mr. Farley: “Just educational. We think it appropriate to honor people in this way, such as Susan B. An- thony, for whom we had a recent stamp.” collectors denied access to the stamp literature of other countries unless the illustrations are defaced in a way which the laws of no other country require, and which effectively bars the importation of all the most important British and foreign publications—un- less they are smuggled?” Mr. Farley: “I did not know that was 50.” Mr. Harris: “In England, too, we have a law, dating from 1898, which makes the importation of illustrated stamp publications technically illegal. But for 38 years the English authori- ties have allowed importation freely, recognizing that the law was mnot aimed at harmless press illustrations. Successive English postmasters gen- eral have also undertaken not to in- terfere with stamp illustrations where no danger to the revenue arises. Yet within recent weeks, for the first time, the importation of further copies of the American Scott and other pub- lications has been banned, and all trade between England and America based on catalogue numbers is stran- gled. I suggest it would not have occurred to the English authorities to change their attitude but for the trouble they have had through so many publications being returned or confiscated by America. As this re- fusal of each other’s publications is damaging to the trade of both coun- tries, could not a reciprocal arrange- ment be made in the mutual interest of every one?” Mr. Farley: “I should like you to give me & memorandum on the sub- Jject, as fully as possible, so that I may look into it.” The Postmaster Generald told Mr. Harris that he has become & collector. Half-tone cuts for the Post Office Department’s official list of postage stamps issued since 1847 have been de- livered to the Government Printing Office. The projected pamphlet, an- nounced for pubuufion “after the first of the year,” is expected momentarily, but the price at which it will be nold has not been decided. Meanwhile, the New York Times Jjoins the list of newspapers and maga~ zines which have protested against the illustrations regulations by breaking them. The rotogravure section of the Times issue for December 27 shows un- mulilated reproductions of Byrd and Omaha (Yosemite) souvenir sheets. Albert F. Kunze, writing in Week- ly Philatelic Gossip for January USTAME comt APPROVAL. HEADQUARTERS. 268 4th Ave., Dept. 63. New York. N. ¥. 9, says: “The present inability of publishers to {llustrate United States stamps had its inception in the hope born in the minds of some Govern- 1 »” lowing questions and answers are | | quoted: Mr. Harris: “What is the under- | Mr. Harris: “Why are American | THE SUNDAY STAR ment officials that counterfeiting might be reduced if laws were enacted preventing the reproduction of illus- trations ‘in such similitude as might deceive the average man into believ- ing them to be original stamps.’ One act of Congress did not appear to be sufficient. Several from time to time were passed, and the policy formulated with a view to their en- forcement fell to the hands of one man, who during the past week was relieved of all official duty. He had held office for a long term of years, during which time he felt that the most successful enforcement of the legislation affecting the illustration of postage stamps was to be achieved through terrifying the public into believing that nothing whatever in the nature of reproductions could be published, even though it was not of ‘such similitude as to deceive an average man.’ Backed by the strength of his office, he decided what might ‘deceive an average man.’ He now no longer holds office, and it is highly probable that the future concept of the extent of an average man’s men- tality is destined for a more compli- mentary broadening.” Eugene Klein, president of the Amer- ican Philatelic Society, has announced that the Illustrations Committee of his organization consists of only two per- sons—Carter Glass, jr., Lynchburg, and Hugh M. Southgate, Washington. Arrangements for “The World Is Yours,” N. B. C. red network broad- cast for 11:30 a.m. Sunday, January 24, are practically complete. As pre- viously announced, the program will dramatize the division of stamps of the Emithsonian Institution. By way of introduction to the feature, Mrs. Catherine L. Manning, philatelic curator, has said: “The transmission of written communications between men distantly separated can be traced back as far as the civilization of extinct races. As primitive life merged into society, trading into commerce and in- dividual craftsmanship into manufac- turing, a need arose for a dependable system of communication. Shrewd men foresaw the possibility of profit in furnishing this need, and during the early nineteenth century several took advantage of the opportunity to establish private systems of posts. “Most notable among them were the operating in the former German states and later spread their activities to neighboring kingdoms. In France and England similar systems were inaugu- rated until Europe was virtually cov- ered with a network of private posts. | “However, the rates were high, and the service poor. A monopoly gained control, and improvement appeared impossible, but in 1840 the government of Great Britain inaugurated the oper- ation of an exclusively government- owned system of posts with minimum rates. “The prepayment of charges was evidenced by the affixing of an ad- hesive postage stamp, showing the {head of Queen Victoria in outline | either in black or blue. Thus the first postage stamp was born. | “The success of the plan attracted | other governments to follow suit. Brazil adopted government postage | stamps in 1843, and was followed by | the United States iri 1847 | “With the accumulation of these | government labels, signifying sove ereign postal authority, stamp collect- ing had its inception.” The fad of that day spread until the present-day participation by millions in the United States and other countries has become recognized as philately, an avocation. “Professional and military leaders, captains of industry and rulers of nations join the ranks of the collect- ing group, which Postmaster General Farley has estimated exceeds 10,000,- 000 persons in the United States alone. “The tastes of collectors naturally vary. In philately one person might | have a general collection of stamps, whereas another collects those of a single country or period of time. En- | velopes of the pre-stamp period and airmail stamps and covers are very popular. “A great industry has grown up about stamp collecting. Stamp albums are manufactured to meet many types { of collecting interests. |cial concern publishes an annual catalogue of more than 1,100 pages cf {small type listings and quotations. A score or more periodicals and many text books are published each year. The Government Philatelic Agency, a unit of the Post Office Department, makes a monthly sale of more than $200,000 face value current United States stamps. This figure does not include stamps no longer current nor any of the vast numbers of foreign stamps. “The greatest value of stamp col- lecting is the general education which is almost unconsciously absorbed by the collector in his enjoyment of the stamps. Natural curiosity prompts inquiry as to associated geography, history, language, monetary equiv- alents, and the biography of the out- standing men and women depicted on the stamps. A knowledge of the rea- sons and background behind the pic- tures constitutes a knowledge of the high lights of civilization. The notioa that the hobby is for the wealthy alone is erroneous, since the great majoricy of stamps in used condition are of nominal value. “Through stamp collecting, minds overtaxed with the strain of business are relaxed, the imagination of the romantic mind is given free rein, and the mind of youth is stimulated toward the assimilation, through entertain- ment, of added knowledge.” Gossip in England foreshadows “more ornate” stamp designs for the new reign. It is reported that the coronation issues will appear several weeks in advance of the coronation ceremonies. American collectors are advised not to delay ordering. The 2-cent Army and Navy heroes’ stamps went on the press at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing Monday last without formality of any kind. Scheduled for first-day sale on Friday, they will be Maryland red in color. .Arthur E. Owen will be chairman of the Catalogue Listing Committee of the Bureau Issues Association, formed to co-operate with qualified publishers of stamp catalogues. Other members are George R. M. Ewing, Walter R. McCoy, Frederick E. Stan- ton, jr., and.Mr. Southgate. The 1937 edition of Scott’s special- ized United States catalogue will be published Friday. Right Rev. W. H. Ziegler, newly consecrated missionary bishop of Wyoming, is an ardent stamp col- lector. The postal authorities of Finland recently sold at auction 35 tons of stamps clipped from government mail between 1925 and 1930. Mrs. P. Costa Scala, owner of the “rarest stamp in the world”—the 1856 British Guiana rarity which was the gem of the collection of her husband, the late Arthur Hind—has been in Counts of Thurn and Taxis, who began | One, commer- | WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY 10, 1937—PART TWO. German Slogans for Safety OSufiginger! Derkehrs3eidien b D ficaftfahrer! pchfl*‘““"'fidn and ml fi.:&flf%{,‘:fi;’ hremrnu‘:'.?d dermann aazuflcrfi "-_n'_' ra! ad) :Tlc’lfin!)rbnnnu! an o "fflflg L’/’Lr, ey ! dieDolhegemeinfchaftt A Radfahrer! iruflfnanl "e alrer! anhingen r3eugel Wertleineste Bicdergabe By courtesy of Dr. Albert C. Schwarting of the Library of Congress. The Star reproduces 10 recently authorized slogan cancellations designed to aid in the campaign for safer traffic conditions in Germany. Translations, freely interpreted, read: “Pedestrians: Crossing signals are also valid for you”; “Take care in crossing streets,” “Be cure/ul in crossing railroad tracks”; “Every one: Practice care in street traffic—this means you”; jure the well-being of the people”; “Motor drivers: “Avoid traffic accidents—th Take consideration of others”; “ in- otor drivers: It is better to brake than to honk”; “Blcvcle riders: Keep your tail-lights alwnys in order”; “Bicycle riders: Don’t hang on to vekicles,” cut corners.” and “Bicycle riders and motor drivers: Don’t —Star Staff Photo. gress, Cleveland, to purchase the stamp by public subscription for the Smithsonian Institution. Arthur Deas has been elected presi- dent of the Collectors Club of New York, with Arthur Owen, vice presi- dent; Max G. Johl, secretary; George M. Ewing, treasurer; Ralph A. Barry, librarian, and Rear Admiral Fred- erick R. Harris, Harry L. Lindquist and Clarence W. Brazer, directors. Mr. Klein has been named a cor- responding life member of the Aca- damie de Philatelie of France. Among the few others to whom similar honors have come are Sir Edward Denny Bacon, Dr. Carroll Chase, Dr. Emilio Diena, Fred J. Melville, Dr. Herbert Munk, Baron A. de Reuterskiold, Paul de Smeth and Alfred F. Lichtenstein. ‘The Capital Precancel Club will meet at the Thomson School, Twelfth street, tomorrow evening at 8. Visitors welcome. The Washington Stamp Club of the Air will meet over Station WOL tomorrow evening at 9:15. Mr. Kunze will continue his series of dramatiza- tions of stamp romances. The Washington Collectors Club will meet at the Thomson School Tues- day evening at 8. Svend Yort will discuss Hamburg counterfeits and F. | A. Bickert will exhibit valid specimens of their originals. Public invited. ‘The Wa-shingwn Philntelic Society will meet at the Hotel Carlton, Six- teenth street, Wednesday evening at 8. Valdemar Weiergang and Mr. Yort will exhibit and discuss stamps of the | Danish West Indies. Visitors welcome. ‘The Viking's Crew No. 8, American | Naval Cancellation Society, will meet at the home of Mrs. Fred D. Riggles, 35 Rhode Island avenue northwest, Friday evening at 8. terested in marine markingx invited. The Wuhmgton Federation of | Junior Stamp Collectors will meet at | the National Red Cross Bullding, Sev- " ACROSS. 7. Last bugle call. 11. Collection of tents. 15. Cudgels. 21. To exhibit. 22. Uuroar. 23. Persian poet. 24. Seizure. 25, Listed revenue from ten- 99. Past. ants. Every other. Gather. Not waited upon. Laths. A first performance. Prophet. 35. Arabian chieftain. 37. Devoured. 38. Routes. 39. Mandingan Negroes. 40. Did wrong. 42. One. 26. 28. G 29. 31. 32. 34. 114. The 44, Imperial organization. 116. Title of respect. 117. Flaw. 120. Deprived. 122. A state in Brazil. 124. Fig-basket. 128. Greek form signifying blood. 129. Spring. 130. Electrified particle. 132. A star in Cetus. 134. Jetty. 135. To cloud. 137. Tempests. 139, Progress clumsily. 141. Recharge, as a firearm. 142, Dealer in plants. 145. Sketched. 146. Characterized by melody. 147. A gem. 148. A Pacific shark. 149. Infuriate. 150. Inclined. 151. Greenish yellow fruit. 152. A hydrocarbon radical. 72. Long cuts. 46. Storehouses. 47. Plead. 49. African antelopes. 51. To languish. 52. Cymbals. 53. Covering for the hands. 57. Saluted. 64. Ornamental knob. 66. Military caps. 67. Desire. 68. A kobold. 69. Assyrian god. 71. The “!d asteroid. 73. Point of & pen. 74. Perambulate. 15. Units. 76. Top of & jellyfish. 79. Exhibits evil pleasure. 82. Falsehoods. 83. Rascal. 85. Intone. A Collectors in- | 86. To chatter. 1. Subdivision of a diocese. 88. A series of underworlds: Hindu myth. 89. Unwillingness, 93. Small birds. 94. Publis notices. 95. Suitable, 97. A bristle. 98. Threshold. 100. Cuts down. 101. Substances remaining after combustion. 103. Barter. 105. Chinese shrub. 106. A barbed spear. 108. Certain mollusks. 110. Garment suitable for work at sea. 112. Writing fluid. 113. Priestly caste of ancient Media. NEW GUARD UNITS MUST BE SPEEDED War Bureau Head Issues Warning to Slow Militia Groups. A.warning that the National Guard must speed up its work of organizing new units, which have been allocated to various States, has been sounded to the militia officers by Maj. Gen Al- bert H. Blanding, chief of the Na- tional Guard Bureau of the War Department. He pointed out that under the 5,000 increases in guard forces, the militia was authorized to activate 25 inactive headquarters and 114 inactive units. There are still about 20 units to be organized, and the general pointed out the guard is now coming to the second increment of 5,000. In that connection, he pointed out that the Army appropriation bill for the first year carried only $500,000 | for bringing the militia to a total | strength of 200,000 officers and men. This brought about the same situation encountered in the first increase, in | that the money is insufficient to per- | mit the activation of any units of the second increase until the latter part | | of the current quarter, which begins April 1 of this year. In view of the fiscal situation, he said, only a tentative plan can be offered at this time for the new units. | s | enteenth street, at 2 o'clock, Saturday, January 23. Program arrangements ! call for instruction in exhibition moummg, but there also will be other features. Boys and girls 10 to 18| years of age welcome to attend and participate. DOWN. 1. To read. stables. with water. 4. Profit. 5. Cicatrix. 7. Bartering. 8. To trouble. 10. A milepost. 11. Despicable. 13. Entangle. 14. Fits mentally. 15. Seers. 16. A vehicle. 18. A thin facing. 19. An alkaloid. 20. Emphasize. 27. Value. 30. Australian bird. 33. A cereal grass. 36. Circlet. 38. Twist. 41, Legal charges. 43. Ottoman. 45. Pastries. 46. Natatorium. 48. Penetrates. sambar deer. 54. Wild goat. 56. Certain. 58. Inscriptions. medicinal 60. Unknown. 61. Expired. 62. Existence. 7. Withes. 70. Leaves otit. ’l 6. Handle of an ax. 9. Rounded vessels. 17. Persons landing. ding 3 53. Long and heavy hair. 59. Unctuous substances. He sald the bureau expected to con- tinue the policy of activating inactive units that are essential to peace time training. This, he added, involves the completion of essential head= quarters and units of divisions, bri- gades and regiments, and a material improvement in the organizational status of division engineer regiments and quartermaster regiments. He called attention to the need of studying means of additional anti- aircraft units for the guard as soon as possible as the present units se- cure a reasonable amount of equip- ment. He said that this may entail a temporary restriction of some other activities and diversion of funds so saved to this project. However, he said that the fact could not be es- caped that the organization and de- velopment of anti-aircraft forces of | the guard should keep pace with the | development of the air corps. He added that the fact was that at the | present the anti-aircraft forces are | far behind, and in the event of war | large quantities of anti-aircraft ar- tillery will be urgently needed in the| first stages of the campaign. He called attention to the point. that it appears that some States have the idea that the contemplated ln-\ crease in strength next Spring can | be used, at least in part, to build up | individual units now in active service. | This, he said, is contrary to the policy of both the War Department and the National Guard Association and is therefore out of the question. Other inquiries indicate that there is an impression that new units can be added in addition to those that have already been allocated. This, he said, also is a false im- pression. It should be remembered, | he said, that the Secretary of War approved a definite plan for the de- velopment of the National Guard. All active and inactive units included | in this plan have been allocated to | corps areas and to divisions and al- | lotted to States. Naturally, he said, no additional allotments of units can be made unless the Secretary of War increased the number of units al- located to the guard as a whole, 53. Remained in existence. 74. Diminishes. 75. Hoactzins. 77. An insect. 2. Officer of the king’s 78. Masculine proper name. 80. A rower. 3. One that cleanses lightly 81. Islet. 84. Suitable for lrnnge- ment in sets. 85. Dishes of a balance. * 86. Egyptian god. 87, Capital of Iatvia. 88. Chessman. 90. Shoshonean Indians. 91. A corner of a sail. 92. Ardor. 12. Eucharistic wine vessels. 94. A volume. 96. Abound. 100. Anchoret. 101. Nodule in crystalline rock. 102. Insult. 104. Secular. 107. Brigand. 108. Market. 109. Imposture. 111. Books on correct lan- guage. 113. Constituent of oil of peppermint. 115. Substitute for iodoform. 117. Sung in harmony. 118. Venerate. 119. Feminine proper name. 120. Genus of quadrupeds. 121. A weight of India. 123. Bow. 125. The bay lynx. 126. Declare. 55. Typewriter attachment. 127. Sown. 129. Grew dim. 131. Inconnu. 133, Russian laborers’ asso- ciation. 136. Situation. 137. Unit of weight. Japanese Approaching Decision On Fascist or (Continued From First Page.) contemplated government fiscal meas- ures on big business is even more oppressive and more opposition-creat- ing. The communications ministry has drafted a bill for the semi- nationalization of the electric power industry, which the business world considers to be outright state so- cialism and, if enacted, the forerun- ner to other and similar measures confiscatory in effect. ‘The national bond issue of just under a billion yen that the new budget entails is certain to bring in- flation, in the opinion of .hpan'sj financial world. The proposed export | taxes are believed likely to prove | detrimental to foreign commerce, | while tariff increases can serve only to raise prices of all imported goods. The finance minister, who has | stated that he sought to enact a | “semi-wartime economy,” wishes to organize an economic, general staff that would give him almost as com- plete control of business and in- dustry as is enjoyed by Signor Musso- | lini in Italy., He would also have legislation enacted placing private banks, insurance companies and all forms of investment institutions so | firmly under his power that he could | dictate the manner in which almost every penny in Japan would be in- vested. So much opposition has al- ready been voiced to these two latter measures that it is doubtful whether | the finance minister will have the | courage to push them, but he may try instead to accomplish very much the same end through existing laws and institutions. . Army Plans Alterations. The army, finding a recalcitrant | and militantly opposed Diet on its hands, is working out plans for al- terations in the governmental struc- ture of the empire that would make the Diet purely advisory in nature, shorn of all real power. It would | i also make it impossible for the mem- | ber of any political party to become & cabinet minister. In lieu of the present government as the executive and policy-formulat- ing body in the nation, there would | | be set up a sort of super-government | | Berlin. of ministers without portfolio, and | | the army would see to it that these| | ministers were in full sympathy with | the Fascist ideas of the military. | This is the situation cummnting‘ Japan as the seventieth session of | the Imperial Japanese Diet convenes. | ' And as Japan moves in one direction jor the other within the months im- | mediately ahead will it be possible to read its future? Either it must go Fascist, or it must reverse this trend | without equivocation. ‘The issue is steadily becoming more | clear-cut between the pro and anti-| Fascist elements in Japan, which has now become the major issue of the empire and the outcome of which dur- ing 1937 will have a direct bearing on the whole world situation. As the struggle progresses, the entire nation | will find itself divided into these two opposing camps. The convening of the Diet for business toward the end of January will bring the combat, al- | ready well under way, even further into the open. Two Schools of Thought. There are two schools of political thought at work in Japan at present which are utterly incompatible with each other. One is the militaristic | school, which believes Japan must | adopt and model to its own needs the government processes now in vogue in Germany and Italy; the other be- lieves the only salvation for the na- tion lies in a return to the practices of the great democratic powers, such as the United States and the British Empire, always, however, leaving the Japanese throne in its present su- preme position. Democracy under the | throne versus Fascist military autoc- | racy under the throne is the issue. The complexities of the situation become relatively simple when dis- | sected and examined. There has al- | ways been a contest among the three | major working forces in the Japanese | political body for power under the throne. [Ever since the Emperor | Meiji granted the nation a constitu- | tion, the bureaucrats, the army (coupled with the navy) and the po- litical parties have striven among themselves for this power. The con- tinental policy of the last five years and more has found the army in com- | mand, but the abortive military re- volt of last February weakened its hold greatly, and the conclusion of the idealogical pact with Germany threatens now to destroy it complete- ly. Added to this is the failure of the army’s policy in China. By signing that pact, the bitter fruits of which 'Tokio already has begun to reap, the Democratic-Fascist conflict was pre- cipitated. Outstanding in the Fascist camp is the Japanese military organization, but even it is divided within itself. The younger element, fiery and fanat- ical, would go the whole way and make of the empire a totalitarian state. The more conservative ele-| ment, which is the group actually in | power, is more cautious and less pos- itive. It does not know exactly what | course to follow, and so, by virtue of | laissez-faire, is being led further and | further in the direction of fascism. Bureaucrats With Army. Allied with the army in these views are the so-called young bureaucrats. They correspond to the younger ele- ment in the army, but are much bet- | ter informed on world conditions, on economics, on politics and on affairs in general. Their outstanding leader is Shigeru Yoshida (not the Japanese Ambassador to London of the same name), who recently resigned as di- rector of the Cabinet Inquiry Bureau. In that position he prepared most of the data which went before the cab- inet, and he saw to it that it was pre- pared to his liking. It was Yoshida who worked out the plan for a super-govérnment of min- isters without portfolio, the plan for shearing the Diet of all substantial power, the plan for making the polit- ical parties political nonentities. He would create a general staff for gov- erning the country independent of party politics, and a general staff for controlling the finance and industry of the nation, as they are controlled in Rome and Berlin. Yoshida was forced to resign be- cause the government refused to in- dorse these views. His future plans are uncertain, but he is beileved to entertain the hope of wrecking the Hirota government and becoming the real power in its successor. He would not accept the premiership, nor would it probably be tendered him, but he would be the power behind the government, just as at present he is the brains behind the militar- ists in their Pascist inclinations. Parties Must Carry Banner. In the anti-Fascist camp, the politi- cal parties must carry the banner. Minseito, Seiyukal and Shakai Tai- shuto (the Labor, party), are united in their opposition 65. Hussars’ uniform jackets.138. Country in Asia. 1 40. Wild buffalo of India. 143. Pinial. 144. Firmament. A to Fascism and their championship of | issues engaged now Democratic Trend government at every point which offers itself, notably in the failure of the present foreign policy and in the fiscal measures whose magnitude threatens the economic and financial structure of the empire. The older bureaucrats are inclined to aid tb~ parties quietly and from the sidelines. While they do not ap- prove of party politics without qualie fication, they prefer this form of gove ernment to Fascism. Their strength lies in their personal influence and in their membership in the House of Peers and the Privy Council. The Privy Council, almost against its will, since it is supposed to be above politics, is lined up with the Democratic movement. Its members, men of the type of Viscount Ishii, realize that Ja« pan’s true interests lie in friendly co- operation with the two great Anglo- Saxon powers, in peaceful co-opera- tion with both China and Soviet Rus« sla. The German agreement threate ens to wreck such friendship, and they will have none of it. Big business and finance likewise are rallying to the support of the parties. The economic views of the Fascist group would destroy private capital as it exists in Japan and would, in effect, nationalize wealth. Business has no alternative other than to aid the parties. Never Before So Friendless. ‘These are the two general groupings in Japan at this moment. Meanwhile, in the realm of foreign | affairs, Japan has never before been 5o friendless and so helpless. In quick | succession, three major insults have been delivered, and Japan can do nothing about them. The first of these came when the British admiral of the Asiatic fleet canceled his formal visit to Japan, during which he would have been re- ceived by the Empero~. The second came when China refused to come to any agreement whatever with the Tokio government and terminated the Nanking negotiations, curtly returning the note the Japanese Ambassador had presented to the Chinese foreign office. The third came when Moscow stated that it had delayed the signing of the fisheries agreement because Japan had concluded its pact with Japan fears to pursue a policy of force now in dealing with China lest it provoke a war with Soviet Russia. In the realm of domestic affairs, the Hirota gevernment is in no bet- ter way. The whole nation resents the conclusion of the agreement with Germany and the secrecy with which the negotiations were conducted, as well as the secrecy of the negotiations with Nanking. The huge budget, with its accompanying tax increases that will bear heavily on the little man, with its bond issue of nearly a billion yen that will bear heavily on great wealth and probably bring inflation, is bitterly resented. Diet to Be Dissolved. The strategy of the Fascists is not yet determined. One of three courses will be chosen: The Diet will be dis= solved and a general election called, during which the military will strive to capture control of the new Diet through formation of a pro-Fascisé Rightist political party and there- after enact the Fascist program through existing legislative channels; the Hirota government will be over thrown and a cabinet of younger bu= reaucrats placed in power which will do the army's bidding, or attempts will be made to revise the whole gov- ernmental structure in such a way as | to create an outright Fascist state. The strategy of the anti-Fascists is to attack the government through the House of Representatives and cause its fall, replacing it with one of democratic coloring; to block the attempts to gain control of private industry and finance by every means possible, perhaps even non-co-operas tion in bond purchases; to rally the people at large behind their program and to make it impossible for the militarists to dictate policy. These are the elements and the in the attempt | to make of Japan either a Fascist or | a democratic state, and this is the situation in which the struggle will | be carried on. The outcome is un- | certain and cannot be foreseen, but unless foreign war intervenes the odds are with the political parties, for the simple reason thaf the military have failed to give the people what | they want, and the people are fully conscious of this failure. (Copyright, 1937, by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) BUS LINE IS OBTAINED BY KENILWORTH GROUP School Service Is Provided After Mass Meeting Called by P.-T. A. and Citizens’ Body. The efforts of the Kenilworth Citie zens' Association and Mrs. Mabel W. | Hubbel, sixth division representative | to the District of Columbia Parent Teacher Association Congress, to se- cure bus service from the District line at Kenilworth to the Anacostia Jun- ior-Senior High School, were success- ful, according to an announcement yesterday. The service began Tuesday. After repeated requests by the citie zens' association without success, Mrs. Hubbel called a meeting of all of the representatives of parent-teacher as- sociation and citizens’ association east of the Anacostia River, and made & Jjoint plea to the Capital Transit Co. The bus leaves Kenilworth each day at 7:51 a.m. for the school and leaves near the school at 3:07 p.m. 70 DISCUSS BRIDGE Discussion of the designs for the new Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge will feature a meeting of the Southeast Business Men's Association, to be held tomorrow at 8:15 p.m., in the offices of the president, Clarence F. Donohoe, 314 Pennsylvania avenue southeast. Two plans for consideration wers selected at a meeting of the Fine Arts Commission last month in New York. A final selection of either a concrete or steel structure is pending a joint meeting of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission and the Fine Arts Commission, to be held the latter part of this month. Solution of Yesterday's Purzle, [CIH/AIF [F] H parliamentary, party government. ‘They will attack the Fascists and the b 4