Evening Star Newspaper, November 2, 1936, Page 10

A—10- , THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C MONDAY. .o ... November 2, 1936 THEODORE W. NOYES. Editor e e e e She Evening Star Newspaper Company. Bustness oe: ] nia Ave. ’l"}'n'h S :'l',"‘%:’ ""-n: Buligine, Buroobess SmosTi Kesent St. London. Ensiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Night Final Edition. day Star....70c per month 'Ilg: :‘l .Etdlr-“:..:b.. Bficm :onth m“ng g.gu'n. ‘by el or telugona Na- lonal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Sunday onl¥e—e—o..l yr. S5 Member of the Associated Press. ly entitled to ‘The Assoclated Press is exclfixlvl ly %fln-%ghu oo s pasiished Berein: oc: E oupiication of ‘sbecial dispatches reserved. Bound and Gagged. Tomorrow brings to a close the un- usually active campaign of party leaders to “get out the vote” of Washingtonians 8o fortunate as to have been able to com- bine with their membership in the local eommunity their voting residence in the States. Two factors have led to an un- usually large number of such votes this gear. One is the keen interest in the out- come of the election, with both parties straining every resource to see that every qualified vote is cast. The other is the extraordinarily large number of “ab- sentee voters” brought to Washington under the New Deal. Because of the emergency or temporary character of the new depression-fighting government- al agencies, many of their employes have retained voting rights at home and un- usual pressure has been exerted on them to exercise that right. These factors serve to emphasize the bitter irony of the condition which finds the rest of the country marching to the polls tomorrow for exercise of the high- est privilege of American citizenship while the Washingtonian—an American in every ordinary sense and meaning of the word—remains silent, bound in the shackles of disfranchisement. He cannot vote or register his pref- erence as a citizen because of the acci- dent of his bona fide residence in the District, while his next-door neighbor or his fellow office worker, who has main- tained his “legal residence” across some Btate boundary line, is able to partici- pate in the full rights and privileges of American citizenship, is, in fact, accused of a lack of patriotism if he neglects the opportunity to cast his ballot. Here are two classes of Americans liv- ing side by side. One class represents the sovereign rulers of the land, while the other, differing not one whit in in- telligence, ability or interest in govern- ment, is composed of subjects denied all forms of participation in the Government which taxes them and sends them to war. The number of Washingtonians this year exercising the privilege of absentee wvoting is unusually large, possibly exceed- ing & hundred thousand. Many of them, naturally, are Government workers, to all practical intents and purposes occupy- ing the identical status—except for this privilege of full American citizenship— of their disfranchised fellow members of the Washington community. Yet the gact of their full participation in tomor- row's election as voting Americans is in no quarter regarded as detrimental to their service as Government employes, nor in any wise contradictory to the spirit of the Constitution's delegation to Congress of the exclusive power of con- $rol over the District of Columbia. Confusion sometimes arises over the theory that this exclusive control over the District by Congress conflicts with the aims and the aspirations of Wash- Ingtonians for the right of franchise. IThere is in reality no such conflict. Vot~ Ing participation of Washingtonians in national elections and their representa- tion in House and Senate by Representa- tives and Senators of their own choosing would not deprive Congress of its ex- clusive control over the District nor in any degree weaken that control. And un#il the Washingtonian is ac- eorded, along with his obligations of cit- izenship, his full privileges of citizenship, the tyrannical injustice of taxation with- put representation remains an ugly blot on the picture of democratic government in the United States. —_————— When Halloween is over people are expected to wear their natural faces. Bomething similar happens when elec- tion day has passed. —————— Communism calls for a sharing of property and life, but only after prop- erty has been destroyed and life has been sendered scarcely worth while. ———— Europe has its dictators, but ambition Is never satisfied. Question now arises 8s to a super dictator. No Foreign Adventures. Foreljgn governments and others abroad were doomed to disillusionment §f they imagined that the American election campaign, now closed, would produce indications of the United States’ intention-to play a more active role in international affairs, On no public guestions were the major parties more sparing of their words than on the sub- Ject of our relations with the outside world. About the only exception was the Roosevelt-Hull reciprocal trade sgreements program. Even debate of that fssue assumed no Nation-wide dimen- sions, being confined for the most part 60 & tier of Northern and Western States contiguous to Canada, which are more directly affected by the tariff pact with the Dominion. Both President Roosevelt and Gov. Zandon avowed their devotion to the 3 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, ideal of world peace, and pledged America’s readiness to continue pro- moting it. But the Democratic and Republican nominees alike punctiliously refrained from saying anything that would commit this country to participa- tion in “collective security” arrange- ments on the League of Nations model, which, as events of the past year or two have proved, are not only powerless to accomplish their purpose, but carry within them the seeds of aggravated rivalries, suspicions and dangers of war. From embroilment in international conflicts now rampant on a scale omin- ously reminiscent of the conditions which set alight the conflagration of 1914, the American people are deter- mined to remain aloof. That is the keynote which, in varying form, Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Landon repeatedly struck during their duel for the presi- dency. Critics at home and abroad may assail such an attitude as super- nationalist and isolationist, but it in- dubitably interprets the mood and the mind of the Nation at this time. Solidification of inter-American bonds, co-operation in currency stabilization and reciprocal trade, unflagging interest in the works of peace like progressive dis- armament, and consistent abstention from entangling alliances overseas— these broadly form the foundations of the United States’ foreign policy. From it no deviation is probable or desirable, On the Eve of Voting. The campaign orators have all but concluded their appeals to the voters. Millions of words have been spoken. Tens of thousands of tons of printed matter have been poured forth from presses. The air has been vibrant for weeks with speeches, arguments, charges, answers. What will be the result? Probably in no preceding campaign has there been such a-clamor of voices. In addition to those of the two major parties, three other presidential tickets have been offered. Each candidate has taken the stump, and each has been supported by aides to an uncounted number. The relation of the minor candidacies to the campaign in chief has been of a negative character. Would they be able to divert enough voters from the major candidates to turn the tide in favor of one or the other? How far have these minor candidacies been aimed toward future development of more serious bids for majority response? This question has not been important in the political melee that is now drawing to a close. It may, however, arise again and more seriously in later campaigns. There has been very little personal assault in the course of the contest. There have been no surprises. No last- minute disclosures have heen made to effect disturbance of settled convictions, The campaign has been free from sen- sational factors. It has remained, from the outset to the present stage, a clear cut question of whether the New Deal administration should be given a doubled tenure to continue and complete the pro- gram of social readjustment that has been undertaken in the name of recovery. The advantage of the administration in its defensive position has been evident from the outset. It was reflected in the betting odds, which began at two to one and ended at five to four, Polls have been widely at variance. One of them, with the prestige of uniform previous accuracy of forecast, indicates a sweep- ing Republican victory. Others, based upon a different system of estimation, have denoted Democratic triumph. The only true poll of the popular will comes tomorrow, in the voting itself. It may be possible to learn the result fairly early tomorrow night. If certain States which have maintained steadfast Republican allegiance in the past vote Democratic the administration will be clearly a winner. If, on the contrary, the general result is so close that the electoral vote of New York will be needed to determine the victory for one side or the other the fact may not be known until a late hour, for New York has changed its election law to effect the closing of the polls at nine o'clock in- stead of six. Should the 47 votes of the Empire State be required for a winning margin for one side or the other and should the vote in that State be close, as it was in 1884, it may be many hours before the result is determined. The country has survived the election crises in the past. It will survive this one. —_———— Smashing a news camera is no argu- ment excepting possibly as a protest against the extent to which mere per- sonal appearance is permitted to figure as an influence in public affairs, — e Girl Scout Anniversaries. The Girl Scouts of America have been celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the beginning of their history. Al last week they were busy with rallies and other activities commemorative of the first quarter century of the existence of their organization. On Saturday they paid homage to the memory of Juliette Gordon Low, their sponsor, born October 31, 1860. But the apex of the celebration will not come until March 9, 1937. It was on that date in 1913 that Mrs. Low en- rolled the members of the original Amer- ican troop of Girl Guides, as they then were called, at Savannah, Ga. The name was changed in time, but the inspiration remained the same. Sir Robert Baden- Powell and his sister had had the genius to design a pattern that would endure; and Mrs. Low, quick to appreciate the significance of a world-wide fellowship of Jouth, had made sure that the United States should be represented in a move- ment so patently useful. The most helpful work that the Girl Scouts were to do, however, could not have been visioned with much accuracy in the early period of their development. Few of the founders, it safely may be supposed, were competent to guess the troubles which were to befall civilization in an era of war, revolution and depres- sion. Had they seen the picture clearly they might have been too discouraged to attempt to build a junior bulwark against the flood of sorrows. Their blind- ness, then, was an asset. A mere instinct prompted them to establish a construc- tive defense in the hearts of the citizens of tomorrow. They taught peace and co- operation without knowing how sadly their teaching would be needed in days that lay ahead. But the Girl Scouts do not attempt any direct program of social reform. Rather, they are satisfied to set an example of self-reliance and self-correction com- pletely detached from the passing issues of the age. They are young, they prefer not to grow up too soon. If their phil- osophy were summarized in a single phrase, it probably would be that of Mrs. Low's injunction: “Play fair!” The importance of such a doctrine, cherished by the future mothers of the race, re- quires no exposition. It is its own war- rant, its own excuse and its own com- mendation. For Sportsmanship. The spectator is as important to sport as the athlete, and President Dodds of Princeton recently made a notable at- tempt to raise the caliber of play of the man in the grandstand by his request that there be no drinking at foot ball games in Palmer Stadium. His public and active support of a cause in which the Sportsmanship Brotherhood has been active for some time has been given as much in the interest of playing the game as in temperance. He quarrels with an attitude as much as a condition. The true theory of sport requires the extension of the competitive spirit to supporters of the teams or individuals in play, which returns to the performers in the form of an attitude known as morale. Nor does this mean simply noise, for drunken hilarity is that. ¥t means in- telligent backing, which makes the game a contest rather than a show. Feeling along with President William Mather Lewis of Lafayette College that the leadership should come to the general public through those closest to the uni- versities, the undergraduates and alumni, Mr. Dodds, in the interests of better sport, incloses his message with each ticket. Co-operation from shose to whom Mr. Dodds addresses his appeal will result in improving the spirit of real sports- manship, —_—————————— Munitions makers are accused of desir- ing world war, when as a matter of plain fact their factories and homes would be among the first objects of attack in case of 0 irrational a demonstration, ——re. The old “matinee idol” is & creature of the past. The modern Hollywood lady killer makes him look like a re- Jected incident in the process of art evolution, ——r————— A statesman who claims to have a single-track mind may find himself in need of expert assistance in case he happens to get derailed. —_——r——— Radio talks by Herbert Hoover indicate that a distinguished citizen may get more enjoyment out of life when he is not President than when he is, e ——— Art has claimed the attention of relief authorities, but not to an extent that will attach heavy responsibility to the art critic in economic deliberations. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Educational Elimination. We journey forth.to live and learn, And as we onward go ‘We incidentally discern, Some things that are not so. The truth is often very hard And calls for courage strong, While fiction may uplift a bard To starry heights of song. An education would be great, Though modest in its show, If it could but eliminate Some things that are not so. Doubts That Arise. “To what do you attribute your suc- cess as a statesman?” “Your question is hard to answer,” said Senator Sorghum. “It presents too many points that are undecided. Many poli- ticlans deny that I am a statesman and it will require at least one more election to determine whether I am a success.” One Poll After Another. We take a poll in lofty pride, A coming contest to decide. And every time a poll we take Investigations new we make. And so0 another poll is due To teach us if the first is true— That Literary Digest may Have caught dyspepsia, by the way. Looking ’Em Over, “Do you think a woman’s piace is in the home?” “Certainly,” sald Miss Cayenne, “but a man’s place is to get busy and get rid of ‘the idea that home is merely where the mortgage is.” “To say that & man amounts to noth- ing,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “does not eliminate him from serious consideration. Ciphers- figure most responsibly in some of our most profound mathematical calculations.” Pressing Business, Election must be finished, For plainly we discern The interests undiminished ‘That must be served in tum. foh a man dat is out tryin’ to sell some- thin'* b THE POLITICAL MILL + BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. The political campaign of 1936 is all over—except for a “fireside” talk which President Roosevelt will make the people from his home in Hyde Park tonight. For any group as allegedly confident as the New Dealers, it looks as though they were going the limit in their campaigning. The President is the only ball carrier—in the foot ball vernacular—upon whom they really count for gains. For several weeks now he has been rushing about the country attacking his opponents. Unless he decides to take the country into his confidence on such topics as the revival of the N. R. A. in his fireside chat to- night, the voters will go to the polls not sure what he has in his mind. He failed to make any answer to Gov. Landon's challenge in his Madison Square Garden speech Saturday night. * % % X The President confined himself to & hymn of hate against his enemies in his final personal appearance before the voters of New York City. He hopes %0 become their master during his second administration, judging from what he said S8aturday night. And that is that. His bid for re-election—as it has been from the start of the cam —was on the ground that he is a friend of the poor and of labor and that he planned to do everything possible for them. ‘The campaign issues have been joined. ‘The Republicans have promised to scrap or revise many of the New Deal acts. The Presidént has promised to keep right along the same line he has been going, which apparently means further control of business from Washington, further labor legislation and further spending, He has not been specific regarding de- tails. A definite promise to revive the N. R. A. doubtless would have made him opponents in some sections of the coun- * % ¥ % PFrom all indications there will be a tremendous vote tomorrow. Registration figures have gone up by millions for the whole country. In the past a big reg- istration has usually meant a large pro- test vote on election day, That is what the Republicans hope and believe is the explanation of this increase in registra- tion. The Democrats, on the other hand, believe that the registration is due to the interest which labor is taking in the election, and that the mass of new voters will support Roosevelt. So bitter and so active have been the con- testants in this campaign that probably both sides have gained in the number of votes which will be cast. In New York City alone, the increase in registration has been between 500,000 and 600,000. The Democrats heaved sighs of relief when the registration fig- ures were made public, and the Repub- licans were correspondingly cast down. For an increase in registration in Greater New York is regarded as an increase for the Democrats. Al Smith claims that many Democrats in the metropolis and in the State will be found voting against Roosevelt. It looks as though it would take a lot of them, however, to offset the Democratic strength in the city. * ¥ X % ‘The fight for the colored vote, which may hold the balance of power in a “number of the Northern and Midwestern States, has been intense. The Demo- crats seemed to have all the better of that contest early in the campaign. They undoubtedly will poll many colored votes tomorrow—Ilargely on the issue of Federal relief which these people have had. Democratic headquarters in New York City received a letter on Saturday from a colored bishop in Salisbury, Md., in- closing what purported to be & message from Republican sources asking the bishop to speak for Landon and the Re- publican party from his pulpit and inclosing a $5 contribution to his church. Regret was expressed that the sum was not larger. It was explained that similar contributions were being sent to about 400 churches in Maryland, and that the supply of money was limited. How effective that method of campaigning may be is a question. It apparently failed to impress the colored bishop in Salis- bury. The retreat of the Negro vote from the Republican standard in Maryland has been one of the things which the Demo- crats have counted on to roll up a major- ity for Roosevelt, for there has been no doubt many old line Democrats in the State will vote against Roosevelt or re- main away from the polls. In the last week, Maryland has been proclaimed a battleground by the Republicans—al- though the Democrats insist it is going to give Roosevelt a big plurality, * % ¥ % It is easy for campaign managers, sometimes, to visualise their candidate moving ahead of his opponent, while the opponent seems to be standing still. The illusion is as complete as that which occurs when you sit in a train and an- other train on an adjoining track starts moving. It is very easy for you to imagine that it is your train that is in motion; indeed, it is dificult not to think so. Such an illusion may have been created in this campaign. The Democrats appeared to be making all the running. PR The “pay roll tax” issue has been the talk of the campaign during the last couple of weeks. The Democrats say it is a dirty Republican trick for the G. O. P. to undertake to tell the workers that they are to have their pay envelopes docked each week to meet payments for old-age pensions. It may be s dirty trick—from the Democratic standpoint— but it happens to be & fact that the pay rolls are to be taxed and the workers are to give up part of their earnings. The Democrats object because the Re- publicans fail ta say that the employers also are to be taxed. However, the rub comes, 5o far as many of the workers , in the faci that they envelopes beginning the Roosevelt forces have made their strongest plea’ for re-election to labor, organized and unorganized, it is dis- turbing to them to feel that the Repub- licans may have cut into the labor vote. Charges have been made in anti-New D. C, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1936. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Tulip manis nowadays ltmgy means the pleasure of & flower lover in this de- lightful bulb. In the seventeenth century, however, in the fair land of Holland, it meant mania, indeed. Buying and selling these bulbs became not only an obsession, but a gambling game of the greatest virulence. In order to get a fair view of it we must envision their recent introduction from Turkey, and the wonder the bright flowers created. It is said that the name tulip originally came from the Turkish word for the famous hat worn by the people of that country. In time it became apparent that the climate of Holland was exactly suited to the bulb. The finest tulips shortly came from there, so that the growers of Holland soon saw they had something valuable. It was at this point that speculation stepped in. To the person unacquainted with the origination of new species, or varieties, as they are called, prices usually asked for something new seem terrible and out of all reason. This is true today, when large sums are asked for new flowers of which only & few roots or bulbs are extant. When the stock is increased the price begins to drop. Thus new peony roots, for instance, often sell for $25 or $50 a root, whereas in a few years the same may sell at $1, or even less. ‘When the small aquarium fish, pop- ularly known as the angel fish, was in- troduced into this country, and not so very long ago as the years roll, they sold at $100 a pair, without sex being guaran- teed. Today it is possible to buy nice little specimens at 25 cents each (with still no guarantee). * ok k% ‘Tulip bulbs, during the famous mania, did not sell on beauty, but only with re- gard to what it was thought they might bring in the market. In an old “History of Inventions” the following interesting account is found: “The trade was not carried on through- out all Europe, but in some of the chief cities of the Netherlands, and rose to the greatest heights in the years 1634-37. “For a root of the species called Viceroy the following articles were agreed to be delivered: Two lasts of wheat, 4 of rye, 4 fat oxen, 3 fat swine, 12 fat sheep, 2 hogshead of wine, 4 tuns of beer, 2 tuns of butter, 1,000 pounds of cheese, a com= plete bed, suit of clothes and a silver beaker; making a total value of 2,500 florins, about 250 pounds sterling. “A root of the species Semper Augustus has been often sold for 2,000 florins; and it once happened that only two roots of it were to be had, one at Amsterdam and the other at Haarlem. “For a root of this species one agreed to give 4,600 florins, together with a new carriage, two gray horses and a complete set of harness. “Another agreed to give for a root 12 acres of land. “Those who had not ready money promised their movable and immovable goods, houses and lands, cattle and clothes. One man was said to have gained by this trade more than 60,000 florins in the course of four months. “It was followed not only by mercan- tile people, but also by the first noblemen and by citizens of every possible station.” Florida real tter specu- lations—and many others—human nature is the same the world around, and the centuries over. But let us return to our ancient author: “At first every one won and no one lost. “Some of the poorest people geined in & few months houses, coaches and horses, ll‘n:dflgured among the wealthiest in the “In every town some tavern was se- lected, which served as a 'change, where high and low traded in flowers, and con- firmed their bargains with the most sumptuous entertainments. “They formed laws for themselves and had their notaries and clerks. “A speculator often offered and paid large sums for a root which he never re- ceived and never wished to receive. Another sold roots which he never pos- sessed or delivered. “Oft did a nobleman purchase of a chimney sweep tulips to the amount of 2,000 florins, and sell them at the same time to a farmer; and neither the noble- man, chimney sweep or farmer had roots in his possession, nor wished to them. “Before the tulip season was over more roots were sold and purchased, bespoke and promised, than were to be found in the gardens of Holland. “A nobleman bespoke of a merchant & tulip root, to be delivered in six months at the price of 1,000 florins. “During these six months the price of that species of tulip must have risen or fallen, or remained where it was. “We shall suppose that at the expira- tion of that time the price was 1,500 florins; in that case the nobleman did not wish to have the tulip, and the mer- chant paid him 500 florins, which the latter lost and the former won. “If the price was fallen, when the six months were expired, so that a root could be purchased for 800 florins, the noble= man then paid the merchant 200 florins, which he received as so much gain; if the price continued the same neither party gained or lost. In all these circum- stances no one ever thought of delivering the roots or of receiving them.” * % % % It didn’t take but three years for this sort of thing to collapse. (With modern methods it takes a little longer!) Many persons broke their contracts, holders of bulbs found no one to take them off their hands and thousands of persons were ruined. Tulip bulbs became, at last, just—tulip bulbs. Such gambling in them, fortunately, has never been repeated. The world has been content with grow- ing and loving these bright flowers, sim- rly for what they are, no more and no ess. Our modern tulip mania is simply the lking of millions of persons the world over for these peer of all Spring bloom- ers. This is the good mania, and it is well to recall the other one, just to realize how sensible, honest and wholesome the modern form of it is. ‘The flower-loving world is still “crazy” about tulips—but with a difference. Let us be crazy enough to get them into the ground shortly, or we will have no flowers next Spring. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Prosecution and defense rest. The evidence is in. Closing pleas, in the form of bedtime broadcasts tonight, and the great case of G. O. P. va. New Deal will §0 to the great jury known as the Amer- ican electorate for tomorrow's verdict. Now that the turmoil is over, it can be set down that the battle of 1936 was con- ducted, especially in its latter stages, furiously, but, on the whole, fairly. Be- ginning like a zephyr, it wound up like & hurricane. Charges and counter charges finally flew thick and fast, verg- ing ever and anon on the brink of bitter ties, Yet by the time the fray gets into the books, it will be narrated that the contest was waged preponderantly on its basic merits. Neither President Roosevelt nor Gov. Landon, whatever the outcome, will need to look back upon the struggle with regrets or remorse, as far as their fighting ethics were concerned. Voters had no excuse for failing to understand what all the shooting was about. Both the Democratic cause and opposition argu- ments were put forth with uncommon lucidity. Owing to the radio, it's douht- ful if the fundamentals of any presiden- tial campaign were ever presented more fully for the benefit of the average citizen. There were the usual appeals to passion and prejudice, but, by and large, citizens were confronted by legiti- mate issues, * % XX Commonest explanation of why the campaign for election of a full House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate has attracted relatively little attention is that Congress played second fiddle to the White House so conspicu- ously throughout the New Deal, Barring half a dozen senatorial races—Norris’ fight in Nebraska, outcome of the Demo- cratic-Farmer-Labor alliance in Minne- sota, the Curley-Lodge duel in Massa- chusetts, Borah's fate in Idaho, and one or two other contests—popular interest in the complexion of the Seventy-Fifth Congress was at & low ebb. To the last, the view prevails that Republican House gains may run into impressive figures, with capture of as many as 75 Democratic seats. Such a result would leave New many Republicans who voted for him in 1932 are for Landon, (2) how many Democrats are “walking” with Al 8mith, (3) what portion of the formidable and always incalculable body of independent voters is anti-New Deal, and (4) the extent to which “the protest vote” will descend upon F. D. R. Against these uncertain elements, the President has in his favor various definite factors of great strength—popularity among the farmers, the backing of organized labor, heavy support among colored voters in Northern urban centers and the likeli- hood that millions on relief or on relief work will cast gratitude ballots for the Democratic ticket. Offsetting these acknowledged pro-Roosevelt elements is the circumstance that the United States normally is a Republican country and that the G. O. P. is seldom defeated unless torn by factional strife. But the toughest hurdle for the elephant to take is re- covery. * x % % Although it will be unusually late this time before conclusive election returns will be available on a country-wide basis, early trends in New York and Pennsyl- vania will afford a reliable indication of how things are going. If there are signs that Landon is losing the two biggest Eastern States, it will be preity safe to conclude that his jig is up. He could not possibly be elected without the electoral votes of both those Common- wealths, whereas the Democrats, as they did in 1916, could win without either of them. * ok ok % Probably nobody hankers for Demo- cratic victory tomorrow, on immediately personal grounds, mare keenly than Cor- dell Hull. The Secretary of State will soon be starting for Buenos Aires at the head of the United States’ delegation to the Inter-American Peace Conference. If the premier of the New Deal cabinet arrives. in Argentina as chief emissary of a Washington government freshly vic- torious at the polls, he will wield an influence incomparably more powerful than if he were doomed to function as the spokesman of a Roosevelt about to be removed, Hull's situation in South America, in case of Republican victory, ‘would be somewhat akin to that of Presi- dent Wilson's peace mission in Paris following the Democrats’ loss of the House in the congressional elections of 1918. * ok * Gen. Pershing has just returned from his annual vacation in France, where | he always devotes much time to the affairs of the American Baitle Monu- ments Commission, of which he is chair- man. - On arrival at New York Pershing declined to discuss the election, explain- ing that “Army men don’t go in much for politics,” besides which he lamented that he’s a resident of voteless Washington, * * ¥ % Among Gov. Landon's sunny “when I am President” thoughts, uttered so‘con- fidently in his speeches, was the declared intention “to make use of the best talents "ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any Question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J, Haskin, Director, Washington, D, C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Describe what the hopper used for bills in the House of Representatives looks like—E. E, - A. The term “hopper,” referring to bills presented in the House of Repre- sentatives, is more or less figurative, ‘There is a small tray where members may drop the bills which they have introe duced. These are at once removed by the bill clerk. The members may, if they desire, send the bills directly to the bill clerk instead of placing them on the tray, which is a mere formality, Q. Why was helium so named?—D. T. A. This gas was discovered in the atmosphere of the sun before it was known to exist on earth, The name was taken from the Greek helios, meaning sun. Q. What is eau creole?—W. H. A. This is a liqueur made in Mar- tinique by distilling the flowers of the mammee apple with spirits of wine, Q. When did the Mediterranean fruif fly appear in the United States?—R. H. A. The first invasion of continenta United States by this pest was discovere in Florida on April 6, 1929, Q. What causes blood rains?—R. S. A. They are rains which have a pin} ish tinge, as though actually diluti blood. When allowed to stand ini. container, such rain deposits a reddn mud. Every few years blood rains ocer in Italy. Their cause is reddish dst from the Sahara, as was first proved)y the German biologist Christian Ehra- berg in 1847. Storms lift the redéh dust from the desert and blow it noth= ward across the Mediterranean tobe washed down by rains in Europe., Q. What is a boysenberry?—J. A. A. It is a cross of the loganberry, rsp- berry and blackberry. The fruit was developed by Rudolph Boysen in (¢ali- fornia and is both larger and sweter than the other berries. Q. Who are the Jukes?—W. R. A. This is the name substitutel for the real name of a New York fsmily, investigated in 1874 by the Prison Asso- ciation of New York. The family was descended from backwoods settlers. It was found that out of 709 members, dure ing 175 years, 140 were criminais and 280 paupers. The cost of the family to the State was estimated at $1,308,000 during 75 years. Q. What is meant by the spasmodic school of English poetry?—M. R. A. This was a group of English poets so designated by critics. It included Philip James Bailey, Alexander Smith, Gerald Massey, Sydney Dobell and other minor poets. Swinburne was sometimes classed with them. Q. Where are the Julian Alps?—E. W A. They are the southernmost exten sion of the Eastern Alps, stretching fror the Carnic and Venetian Alps, on tr northeast borders of Italy, southeastway toward Trieste, Italy. f Q. Is Gen. Grant’s birthplace preservs as & memorial?—F. R. r A. The two-room cabin birthplacef Gen. Ulysses 8. Grant has been ret: to its original site at Point Pleasils Ohio, where it has been restored ¢ & memorial. For many years it w: & traveling exhibit on a river towat. Since 1896 it has stood in a glass s¥ter loth %he State Fair Grounds in ColudPus, 0. Q. Who first popularized ché in America?—W. H. A. It was first brought into progence in America by Benjamin Frankli Q. How much equipment such china, glassware, etc., is used on a dini car?— E. F.H. A. The average equipmento{ each dining car consists of 800 pieced! china, 980 tablecloths and napkins /bout 240 pieces of glassware, 550 piecy Of silver and 200 pantry and kitchen ithS such as pots, pans, utensils, etc. / / Q. Please give a list of sory0f the new singers of the Metropolitarppera Co.— L W. A. They are as follows: Bnca Somigll of New York, whose real nfie is Marian Clark, lyric soprano; Kegin Thorborg, Swedish contralto; Gina gna. dramatic soprano; Gertrud Ruenf, Polish so- n coloratura zilian colora- reva, British coloratura ; fene Jessner, Viennese lyric soprano; prl Laufkoetter, German buffo tenor; /ohn Brownlee, Australian baritone. e Q. When was steampower first used for printing?—J. R. | A. Steam power w first used for printing by the Londg: Times in 1814, Q. Has Sir Basil Zparoff, the finan- cier, made any contputions to educa- tion?—W. J. A. He endowed a pjfessorship in avia- tion at the Imperiafollege of Science, London, and endowg chairs in aviation at the Universitiejof Petrograd and Paris. At Oxford Uversity he endowed the Marshal Professorship of French literature at the University of Paris the Field Brshal Haig Chair of English literature. Q. What does he name “Alcazar® applied in S built in a squarejround a courtyard, Star. ttacked zoos as “peni= realize that even an A Rhyne at Twilight By GertruddBrooke Hamilton