Evening Star Newspaper, December 8, 1935, Page 4

FECTON CRUGIL LARDONDECLARES Says Question Is Centrali- zation or Stronger Dem- ocratic Institutions. By the Assoclated Press. TOPEKA, Kans., December 7.—Gov. Alf M. Landon declared tonight the 1936 election will determine whether the American people want “to strengthen democratic institutfons” or “accept more centralization of power.” The Kansas budget balancer, men- tioned for the Republican presidential nomination, told Young Kansas Re- publicans and visitors from a dozen States that voters will face a decision “far deeper” than a choice between parties. He was wildly cheered when intro- duced and mentioned as “the next President of the United States.” “Returns will show clearly,” he said, “whether the American people want to strengthen Democratic institutions —whether they are determined to maintain parliamentary government— or if they wish to accept more cen- tralization of power.” That choice “will make the 1936 election one of the most important and historically significant ‘we have ever known,” he added. Urges Issues—Not Men. The Governor did not allude to Landon-for-President talk, although | he had been acclaimed as the “ideal candidate” at the convention to which State Young Republicans invited dele- gates from other States largely to promote Landon. He pleaded for em- phasis of issues and not personalities in the coming campaign. Landon spoke at a banquet at which | Charles P, Taft, 2d, of Cincinnati, son of the late former President, and Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas like- wise discussed party prospects and issues. Taft predicted social security and relief will be the “most important question of the next campaign.” Sena- tor Capper, forecasting a Republican triumph, termed Landon “the strong- est man” the party could present. “Personalities and not issues have unfortunately dominated our political campaigns to too large an extent, and frequently it seemed as if both political parties were in the doldrums with little difference in the issues between them,” Landon said. “This probably contributed to overemphasis of per- sonalities. “But this time we are confronted with a dramatic issue. It is the one which has so often flamed up in our national history—paternalism, bu- reaucracy and centralization of gov- ernmental functions into our national life.” Important Meaning for Youth. The next election has an important meaning for the youth.of the Nation, Landon declared. “It is the coming generations that suffer or benefit by the decisions made and the actions resulting dur- ing any era.” . Taft, a leader in Ohio G. O. P. circles, criticized President Roofevelt's proposal for the “Government to get out of the relief business.” The young Cincinnatian said this is impossible. He said that with “a Federal ap- propri: tion of less than a billion dol- lar;,” a program could be werked out which “should mean necessary food and clothing for those who really need it.” Declaring for unemployment insur- ance, Taft added: “But I want some very sound and conservative handling of those funds. I don't want the weird kind of bookkeeping and financ- ing that comes out of Washington now.” . Senator Capper, one of the first Kansas Republican leaders to come out for Landon for President, pre- dicted a party victory, saying: “With a national viewpoint plat- form—one that recognizes the eco- nomic needs of the agricultural West —and with a presidential candidate such as our own Gov. Landon, pros- pects for a Republican victory are bright indeed. *,* * Says Spending Must Stop. “We need a Republican adminis- tration to stop this wild spending spree. It's got to stop—and soon.” Senator Capper, long a farm leader in Congress, criticized the new Cana- dian trade agreement as “opening the American farmers’ market to world competition. “Washington,” he charged, ‘“has again traded off our 32,000,000 farm- ers in favor of the industrial East.” Taft criticized President Roose- velt's proposal “for the Government to get out of the relief business and provide actual work for those in need, while the States and local govern- ments take care of the so-called un- employables.” “Who are the unemployables?” Taft asked. “The unemployable at what? I don't know of a more degrading adjective to apply to destitute and struggling human beings. .It makes them all the more unemployable.” Borah (Continued From Pirst Page.) our confused and troubled days have thrown to the surface is that demo- cratic institutions in some way or other stand in the way of economic progress. It is urged that our doc- trine of States’ rights and the Fed- eral Constitution in many ways are hindrances to prosperity and em- barrass or retard our Nation in its struggle for power. We have all be- come acquainted with this theory. “Every complaint against consti- tuional democracy and every conten- tion that it is no longer adapted to the problem of our modern life comes down to this—that too much author- ity and too great freedom are granted to the people, to the average man and woman. Bureaucracy, centraliza- tion of power, the totalitarian state rest upon the contention that the popular voice is & confused and strug- gling voice, and popular authority di- vided and ineffective. In the Old ‘World no ooncealment is made of this contention.” % Disparagement of democratic gov- ernment and its power to deal with present-day problems, Borah said, is “We are, in fact,” he said, “con- sidering whether we shall in the in- terest ‘of security and greater ma- terial advantage, curtail the rights and liberties of the citizen. When you propose to wipe out State sovereign ¥ not proposing & mere change in S fofm of’ government, ‘Kafim destroy THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. U, DECEMBER §, 1835—PART ONE. Thousands Attend Inauguration A part of the crowd of 250,000 persons in front of the legislative building at Manila, during the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth and President Manuel Quezon, November 15. San Prancisco aboard China Clipper on its first Pacific flight. | monwealths upon which it may rest. When it is proposed to curtail or limit the rights of the citizen and control his judgment as to how we shall direct his business you are not changing our form of government— you are destroying it. Once the dike of constitutional restraint is opened and the sea of arbitrary power which lies behind it is invited in, the in- undation of personal rights and per- sonal liberty will be full and com- plete.” Liberty Loss Prevents Progress. ‘There must be something essentially unsound, Borah ccatinued, with the philosophy that “human progress is at war with human liberty.” He in- sisted that to take away human liberty actually prevents progress. “We should strengthen the dike at every point,” he said. “But will you not agree with me,” oBrah added, “that if we are to | be effective in preserviog the prin- ciples of constitutional democracy we cannot be indifferent to the forces which war with individual rights in the economic world? Must not in- dustrial liberty be maintained in order that politicdl liberty be preserved?” It would not be tyranny, he said, if government said to the citizen he could pursue the avocation of his choice, conduct his business, employ his ability along certain lines. Oua the other hand, if “usurped economic power” said to a citizen, “you are in & ‘business which militates against my interests and my profits, therefore you must get out of that business or 1 will drive you out,” constitutional lib- erty would be a mockery to that citizen. “Only a few days ago,” said Borah, “according to hearings being con- ucted in a Midwestern States, the rep- resentative of a great business made a threat ta the effect that in 10 years not en independent would be left in that line of business.” The Idaho Senator said that reports and studies compiled by the Brook- ings Institution had demonstrated in a most conclusive way that at no time duriog the last 30 years has America produced in excess of the people’s needs “on the basis of & decent, reasonable standard of living.” “In 1929, he continued, “the cul- minating year of a period of so-called prosperity, we did not produce in ex- cess of our people’s needs. The stark naked truth is that even in those years, had the people been permitted to' enjoy what in decency they are entitled to have, we would have actually produced less than our de- mand. Underconsumption is & harsh, accusing term, but that has been our problem, and that, under any monop- oly-ridden system, will be our problem as long as this system prevails.” The contention of Senator Borah was that it is “more blessed to dis- tribute than to destroy,” that dis- tribution is only possible when the purchasing power of the people is in- creased, and that it is.impossible to increase the purchasing power of the people when monopoly is permitted to thrive. “It has long been my conviction,” said Borah, “that so long as economic dictatorship has the power to say who shall carry on in the business world, to reduce production, to control out- put, to fix prices, there is no scheme by which we can restore purchasing power to the people, no scheme by which to restore prosperity. Under DROOP’S C bined with Low Price. Vose New Uprights, $175 the dominance of monopoly we will do as we have done in the last 40 years—pile up taxes, city, State and national—pile up debts until now, public and private, they amount to at least $250,000,000,000.” Referring to the reports of the Brookings Institution, Borah con- tinued: “There is another state of facts (in addition to the fact that America is not overproducing) found in these reports equally instructive but far more distressing. During the period of almost unsurpassed pros- perity, taking the Nation as a whole, we are informed that at least 70 per cent of the entire population was compelled to live on an income that afforded them nothing more than the bare necessities of life, and at least one-half of the entire population were living on less than the bare necessi- ties of life, measured by any decent standard of living. It appears that 36,000 families at the top of the eco- nomic ladder had an income equal to that of 11,635,000 at the foot of the ladder; that 50 per cent of the entire income of those years went to 13 per cent of the population. Had Surplus of Confidence. “But the picture would not be com- plete without some additional facts. It must be recalled that during this period we had the gold standard, a balanced budget, our currency was sound—tested by the most rigid rules of orthodox finance—and-we had con- fidence. The only national surplus we had during this period was confidence, Our industrial leaders and bankers were aglow, if not intoxicated, with confidence. “We had all these yet there was something fatally wrong. Our momentum was indeed remark- able. Within six months we were going over Niagara. We had all the outward signs of prosperity. Every- thing seemed to give promise of still greater prosperity, but beneath it all the constantly diminishing purchasing power of the people was sapping the very foundation of our economic structure. We were living in an eco- nomic shell. The only true basis of a stable economic structure—purchas- ing power—had in & large degree been reduced to a minimum. We called it prosperity. - It was a pretense, a de- ception. It came near being legalized extortion, with the Government, like Saul of old, consenting to the crime. “I conclude my reference to these reports by quoting a single, dry, crisp, cold but momentous paragraph: ‘American consumption is potentially enormous. American production is potentially much larger than actual production has ever been and the de- fect in the system lies in the element which connects the two to each other —the element of purchasing power. We are convinced that the failure of the need to evoke the production and the failure of the production to satisfy are due to maladjustment in the dis- tribution of purchasing power.” Senator Borah said one of the results of this maladjustment is the farm problem and that if the 18,000,000 families living “near or below the pov- erty line” had been able to purchase what they needed there would have been little or no surplus on the farm. Maladjustment Brings Joblessness. “And although you may reduce acre- age until our splendid farms become Chinese vegetable gardzns if this mal- adjustment of purchasing power con- tinues to grow, the farmer will drop to the level of the peasant. As a result THE PIANO— FREQUENTLY YOUR LIFETIME COMPANION. HOOSE it with care, as you would a friend. Do not let price alone influence you. Ruskin said: “Those things called dear are, when justly estimated, the cheapest.” Look therefgse, for Quality—com- ¢ YOU WILL FIND SUCH PIANOS HERE ® High-grade, - Trustwo Products, made by men whose names they bear. F% anmd by thz‘ and by us. STEINWAY “THE INSTRUMENT OF THE IMMORTALS"” GULBRANSEN o Soumer New Grands, $375 Photo arrived in ~—Copyright, A. P, Wirephoto. of this maladjustment comes also un- employment, bread lines, bureaus, debts and taxes, and finally the man- hood and womanhood of America shattered in purpose and broken in will power.” Borah saild the polltical parties have both again and again proclaimed that monopoly must be destroyed and promised it to the people. “If destruction of monopoly is im- possible,” he continued, “or impracti- cable, when was this momentous fact discovered? John Sherman painted the picture nearly half a century ago Just as it is now. Theodore Roosevelt declared monopoly the enemy not only of the average citizen, but of free institutions. Woodrow Wilson de- clared private monopoly intolerable, and that those who would preserve democracy must find the way to be rid of it.” Senator Borah said that “in my | opinion, power under the Constitution | is ample and the laws now on the statute books are sufficient and ef- | ficient to enable us to drive monopoly from control and break its grip once and for all. If more machinery is needed, if more laws are needed for this purpose, they can be had within MERGER PROPOSAL EIVEN METHODISTS Triple Coalition Would Set Up Jurisdictions, - With Bishops for Each. By the Assoclated Press. FORT WORTH, Tex., Decembér 7.— Eight million members of three Meth- odist denominations were offered their first glimpse tonight of s plan that would merge them into one united church, Church, made public for the first time basic details of recommendations to unite Southern and Northern Meth- odists and the Methodist Protestant Church. The entire program will be announced December 13. “I am confident that this plan will meet all objections raised against the first plan, which was defeated,” Bishop Mouzon told the Fall meeting of the College of Bishcps of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Various Jurisdictions Planned. The Northern church is the largest of the three existing branches, with & membership of about 5,000,000. There are 2,743,983 Southern Methodists and about 500,000 members of the Metho- dist Protestant Church. The unification plan would divide the United States into church juris- dictions, with bishops elected by each. A northeastern jurisdiction would include New England and other States east of the Ohio and north of the Potomac Rivers. The BSoutheastern jurisdiction would take in all States south of the Potomac and east of the Mississippi Rivers, except Louisiana. Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska would comprise a South- central jurisdiction. The Pacific Coast States and Rocky Mountain regions would form a Western jurisdiction. Conferences as at Present. Colored members of the entire church would be in a separate division, the central jurisdiction. They would have the right to join white congre- gations where such memberships were acceptable. Foreign branches would be separate jurisdictions. Annual and general conferences would be held as at present. Hauptmann (Continued From First Page.) convinced Hauptmann was innocent. Parker was asked if he had seen | Hauptmann. “I have nothing to ask him,” he replied. “The fellow is in there. I wasn't in this case. I'm only inter- ested as an outsider. Anyone who i8 & detective can't help it. It's born n_him.” Told that an official authority in the plain provisions of the national Trenton had said today that Parker Thousands of stores throughout the world . . . the better stores in your city « . . recommend Water- man’s. Take no chances! Give Self-Starting Waterman’s, the pens of known dependability with over fifty years of writing experi- ence behind them. They write the instant the point touches the paper! No coaxing . . « no shaking. . “It's just a question of fair- ness with me. Just & personal opin- " cedure for the condemned man’s elec- trocution, “when and if” it takes place. This statement directed that only a limited number of witnesses be present and the execution be carried out “with the dignity and the so- lemnity the occasion warrants.” The day brought other develop- ments: Gov. Hoffman emphasized Parker's activity did not mean he had reopened the case; denied the nmew investiga- tion had brought arrests; refused to assay the value of the information he has received from the detective; declined to discuss his own opinions in the case, and said his interest was not “a publicity stunt.” Parker, in the statement Mt. Holly, threw no light on investigation or the results have achieved. “The case is view before the United State 8! Court and perhaps will come up be- fore the board of pardons. It would be unethical for me to speak at this Theory Not Taken Seriously. Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, father of the murdered child, the New York Post said in a copyrighted article, does qot take the Parker theory seriously | because it is unsupported by tangible | evidence. Lindbergh is “morally cer- tain Hauptmann did a one-man job,” the newspaper said. Associates of Parker, corroborating “What Gov. Hoffman says about me Long before he was Governor we dis- cussed the proposition and several times since. * * * I have also told the attorney general of the State ex- actly what I thought about it so there is no misunderstanding as to just where I stand.” The detective said he had asked Btate police for information only once and he was refused. Gov. Hoffman had said previously he understood State police “blocked” Parker, The conference at which Parker was quoted as saying he believed Hauptmann guilty was a “showdown,” & high authority informed the Asso- ciated Press. “We were tired of hear- ing about Parker and all the impor- tant information he was supposed to have on the case.” ‘The meeting took place in the attor- ney general’s office here, but as far as could be learned Wilentz himself was not present. Assistant Attorney Gen- eral Robert Peacock, & member of the prosecution; Lieut- Arthur Keaten of the State police, other legal and police officials and stenographers were pres- ent, the official said. It was a month before the Hauptmann trial started. Peacock, the official said, offered Parker all the men he needed and all the resources of the State police for his investigation. On behalf of the State police Parker was told that the department was interested only in the truth in the case and was his to com- | mand, even if he desired to work for Hauptmann's defense, the source stated. Parker was then asked, the official talking to him about this case is true. | DECISIONONBRUNO BELIEVED REACHED Supreme Court Action Not to Be Known Until To- morrow Noon. By the Associated Press. The Supreme Court was generally presumed to have reached a decision ; late yesterday on whether to grant Bruno Richard Hauptmann's request for review of his conviction of kidnap- i ing and murdering the Lindbergh baby. Whatever action was decided. on, 1f any, will not be announced until the a two-week recess. Usually petitions for review are decided with a one-word statement, either “granted” or “de- .| nied.” The statement is not read aloud in the court room, but is handed ~ | to the clerk by Chief Justice Hughes. One of 28 Before Court. The Hauptmann petition was 1 of 28 before the court for probable dis- cussion at its regular Saturday con- ference. These conferences are held to permit the justices to decide which cases they will pass on and to vote on those that have been argued. Ordinarily, an announcement is made the following Monday on all applications for review placed before the justices at the informal Saturday meeting. This procedure can be changed, however, if the justices so . desire. | Recent developments in New Jersey | in the celebrated case have no bearing | on sny action taken by the justices. They do not take judicial notice of anything that has happened in the case since the Bronx carpenter was convicted at Flemington and that ver~ dict was afirmed by the Court of Ere rors and Appeals, the highest State tribunal. Hearing in February or March. Should the Supreme Court announce | it would review the case, arguments | would be held probably in February | or March and a final decision given | within & few weeks thereafter. The Jjustices could either uphold the con- viction or order a new trial. If the court should announce its refusal to pass on the case, that would mean it did not believe Hauptmann's {mhu under the Federal Constitution had been denied by proceedings in New Jersey courts. Such action would leave, in effect, the sentence of death in the elgctric chair, | Burns’ Grave Neglected. Devotees of Robert Burns, famous Scottish poet, are protesting that his grave in Dumfries is neglected and is |8 great disappointment to visitors i from othér countries. | said, just what information he had, | and his reply was: “Prankly, I haven't got & single lead !lnd furthermore I am convinced | Hauptmann was the man." bIFTADVICE In addition to Self-Starting, Waterman’s gives you ALL mod- ern pen features: Visible Ink Sup- ply and Double Ink Capacity in our new Ink-Vue styles. ® “Tip- Fill,” our exclusive clean filling device . . . no ink on barrel or fin- gers. ® The Perfect Point as proved by the microscope. ® 7 Different Points individualized for special uses and every style of handwriting. Beauty, quality, long life and daily use= JSulness . . . you have all the essentials of the “ideal” gift in a Waterman’s. WATERMAN'S DESK SET. For office and home use, Waterman's Desk Sets make most acceptable gifts 7% 400 complete with S You don't have to “shop” when you give Waterman's. 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