Evening Star Newspaper, November 12, 1935, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY .. .November 12, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES.. .Editor _— The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylvanta Ave New York Office: 110 East 47nd St Chizagn Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office: 14 Regent St. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. Star_ ---45c per month 60c per month 65¢ per month 5¢ per copy Night Final Edition. Kight Pinal and Sunday Star.. Night Final Star Collection made at_the ach month. Orders may be sent by malil or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. $10.00; 1 Dailv only $6.00: 1 mo.. A Eunday $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c mo.. All Other States and Canada. and Sunday__]1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo. $1.00 Iy 1 yrl. $R00: 1 mo. 7o $5.00; 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or Dot otherwise credited in this Paper and also the local news published herein ALl rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — = A Trade Armistice. There was a significant departure from the traditional Armistice day theme at Arlington when President Roosevelt chose the occasion of his memorial address at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier to announce “a definite agree- ment” between the United States and Canada for reciprocal trade. Thus the President seized a graphic opportunity to proclaim the gospel that in these times, when peoples everywhere yearn to dedicate themselves exclusively 10 the peaceful arts, the arena of com- merce has its victories no less glorious, and far more constructive, than those to be won on the field of battle. Canada and the United States have been in a more or less latent state of tariff war for the past six years. Retaliations and reprisals, coincident with the ravages of depression, combined to cut a once enormous and mutually profitable trade practically in half. The two countries, in the name of their “century-old neigh- | borliness and genuine friendship,” have nhow agreed upon an armistice. The meciprocal tariff treaty which is to result is the prompt consequence of | Prime Minister Mackenzie King's visit to Washington. His conferences with President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull found this Government in receptive mood for arrangements designed to re- nounce the principle of economic na- tionalism and heartily in favor of give- and-take arrangements with our friends to the North. As the newly elected head of the Dominion government took office on a pledge to negotiate a reciprocal bar- gain, the Washington discussions were assured smooti sailing ftom the start. The details of mutual tariff conces- sions present difficulties that may not be immediately or easily ironed out. Canada seeks reduced American rates on a wide variety of her farm, forest, mineral and fishery products. The United States wants corresponding favors beneficial to our manufactures, notably automobiles. Complicating factors enter into the situation, but heart-to-heart consideration of them has apparently surmounted major obstacles, for the President declares unqualifiedly that “another act cementing our historic friendship has been agreed upon and s being consummated.” Thus, the American policy of economic peace with all the nations is advanced & new and substantial stage. Mr. Roose- velt looks upon the impending pact with Canada as not only desirable in itself, but vital from the standpoint of “good example,” which he described as “the strongest force in the world.” It is fitting that Armistice day, 1935, should be marked by such an achievement, for the seventeenth anniversary of the end- ing of the World War falls in the midst of strife on both sides of the globe that has its genesis primarily in economic causes. Italy is bombing her way across Ethiopia in order to widen the Fascist place in the sun—to acquire territory for colonizing purposes and sources for raw material supplies. In Asia, Japan . pushes relentlessly her ambitions for an expanded sphere of influence in China, broadly for the same reasons, and is suspected, out of similar motives, of hankering for Siberian territory, In light of aggressive developments overseas it is peculiarly timely that the neighboring democracies of North Amer- ica have found it possible to bury ancient economic animosities and covenant, in & spirit of good will and common inter- est, to pursue the ways of peace for the attainment of trade benefits. The Cana- dian - American reciprocity agreement sets up an important milestone along the highway of international fraternity. ————— e Ethiopian deserters frankly admit that they are influenced by the immediate menu and do not trouble to form societies for the promotion of international sentiments, Deadly Wires, Human reaction often works in direct opposition to reason. The impulsive action of habit without pause for con- sideration is frequently disastrous, be- cause of failure to analyze conditions. This has just occurred at Worcester, Mass,, where three men were electro- cuted by the falling of a radio aerial across & high-tension electric conductor. They were engaged after dark in string- ing the aerial between their houses when it broke and crossed the deadly con- ductor. One of them automatically started to pick up the loose end and was knocked unconscious. That was not remarkable for the men were evi- dently not then aware that a high-ten- sion wire had been contacted. But when a second of the trio went forward and tried to pick up the wire and was likewise felled, and the third did the same, re- gardless of what had happened to his two mates, the case went into the cate- ‘gory of the purely automatic risk. It is 4 | out accident. | ments. THE possible that the second and the third man were moved primarily and instinc- tively to rescue the fallen. In that case the humanitarian motive dominated the instinct of caution. The chances are that there was no conscious thinking at all, but that each of the three victims of this strange accident moved auto- matically, even as most people in the doing of things through muscular action. In one respect this triple tragedy may serve a purpose. It demonstrates once again the need of the burial of all’ high- tension wires in inhabited areas. There should be no such deadly elements within range of human activity. Every conductor of this character should be carried in conduits through cities, towns and-closely occupied country spaces. They should be strung on poles, if at all, at a distance from road traffic wherever pos- sible. The poles should never be within the conceivable range of a recklessly driven motor car. Several decades ago a lively campaign was cenducted in this city against high- tension wires on poles and in conse- quence all these conductors were ordered underground, where they could not en- danger life and property. This crusade for public safety must be renewed and carried broadly through the land so that there will be no further spread of the peril of electric execution and as rapidly as may be this deadly danger will be eliminated altogether. — e Victory at Last. A vast public has watched with ever- increasing interest the stratospheric enterprise of the Army and the National Geographic Society. By grace of press, movies and radio, their four separate efforts to explore the upper skies have had a numerous audience. Yesterday's successful adventure especially enlisted the enthusiasm of the millions. There was a belief in a multitude of minds that Capt. Albert W. Stevens and Capt. Orvil A. Anderson would win victory at last, and the expectation was amply justified. By bedtime last night the whole world knew that the largest balloon ever built had reached the high- est altitude thus far attained by man. But, almost equally important, the return trip had been accomplished with- Thus, the entire voyage was an unmarred triumph for science, for the sponsoring agencies, for the navigators and for the national spirit which prompted one trial after another in the face of difficulties and disappoint- The details of the pilots’ experi- ence will be awaited with impatience, but with faith that they will constitute a fascinating chapter in the story of human conquest of circumstance, That chronicle, as it relates to lighter than air navigation, dates back to the fourteenth century, when Albert of Saxony, an Augustin monk, projected “the proper idea of a balloon.” It in- cludes among its later personnel the Montgolfiers, who built the pioneer fire balloons; De Rozier, who was the first human being ever to ascend; Lunardi, who made several ascents in 1784; Blanchard, who crossed the English Channel in 1785; Gay-Lussac, who rose to 22977 feet in 1804; Nadar, who con- structed a balloon large enough to carry thirty-five soldiers in 1863; Gambetta, who escaped from Paris in a balloon in 1870; Coxwell, who survived more than five hundred ascents, and Charles Green, who claimed six hundred; Glaisher, who published the record of many aerial journeys; Flammarion, who confirmed many of Glaisher’s seientific findings; Berson and Suring, who made observa- tions at 34,500 feet in 1901; Count von Zeppelin, who designed the famous Grafs known by his name; Dr. Eckener and the Belgian stratospherist, Prof. Piccard, whose celebrity is too widely current to require citation, and literally scores of other men and a few courage- ous women, who are remembered as a group, if not individually, The genius of the race, it seems, has been at work on the problem for a long time and with results indicative of still more thrilling penetration of the outer atmosphere. To Capt. Stevens and Capt. Anderson, then, and to all their prede- cessors, ancient and modern, a grateful salute from a myriad of admirers—people with the power to appreciate great performance! e A session of the League of Nations might devote some profitable time to a discussion of what is to be done about the League itself, ——on—s Trust busting always commands intel- lectual attention. There are even brain trust busters. ——e—s nconventional Diplomacy. During a visit to Washington the other day Dr. Carl Joachim Hambro, president of the Parliament of Norway and a member of the Supervisory Com- mittee of the League of Nations, told & story which ought not to be forgotten. Diplomatic representatives of two groups of countries, it seems, had met at Geneva to discuss certain specific difficulties which were disturbing amicable rela- tions. They came together hampered by the usual partisan restrictions, The normal procedure under those condi- tions would have been to talk, to de- bate, to wax increasingly hot in argu- ment, to quarrel, and finally to separate without having accomplished anything save further irritation. But, as it hap- pened, the customary formula was abandoned. Instead, Dr. Hambro explained, both sides “put all their cards on the table.” Each delegation disclosed to the other the instructions by which its members were burdened! Something just short of downright treason, certainly, was in- volved; but the trick “worked.” The conference calmly developed a new tech- nique of absolute honesty. Incredible as it may seem, the meeting took on a judicial air. The problem was viewed simply as a problem. Eaph group ex- perimentally stated the opposition case, and the elements of equity inherent in each cause thus were established. Good manners and a curious degree of good fellowship prevailed from start to finish. In the end each party was satisfied. The merit of the unconventional method was proven by its results. And Dr. Hambro insists that all human differences are susceptible ef correction by processes of unmitigated frankness. If people will try to be completely hon- orable in their dealings with each other he believes they will have little trouble avoiding sorrow. Nor is it so fearfully hard to reform as it might seem. What mostly is wanted is the desire to try. Once the instinct is aroused it prospers marvelously. Dr. Hambro pleads for a philosophy of change—for the better. In a world which has witnessed so many variations in the other direction it may be hoped that he will find at least a few individu- als to listen to his suggestion of un- conventional reliance on principle. o Red Cross Roll Call. The annual roll call of the National Red Cross requires no artificial promo- tion. It long ago became an institu- tion whose merits are so obvious and so convincing as to need little advertising. Thousands of Americans look upon it as a privilege to be included in the list of supporters of the work established by Clara Barton in Civil War times and ably developed and expanded to embrace the emergencies of peace in the years since her retirement. Indeed, it may be that the best argu- ment for generous participation in the day-to-day service of the Red Cross is that of the dignifying influence which it has upon the minds and hearts of its members. There is a high degree of per- sonal honor in belonging to an organi- zation so noble and useful in character; and plain men and women, who perhaps never dream of any sort of individual distinction, feel a curious spiritual eleva- tion in the privilege of being permitted to wear an emblem which signifies prac- tical charity in terms of co-operative fellowship. The very most eminent citi- zens of the United States count that symbol among their decorations; and thousands of less celebrated Americans are glad to follow their example. This year, however, there are special reasons why the roll call should be notably successful. The country still is suffering from the effects of a lengthy series of misfortunes—war, social | changes, depression, poverty, the losses | of natural catastrophes like the Helena earthquakes—and the Red Cross has a heavy burden to carry. It frankly needs help, and those who can assist should do so. A duty, as well as a privilege, is represented in the circumstances. R Motion pictures will not forsake Cali- fornia. The motion picture is no longer a manifestation of concentrated local authority. Itisa problem of distribution. ——ee—s. Anybody can afford to own a Govern- ment bond, and so analyze theories with the discerning mental attitude of one who has an investment to protect. oot Colleges like to talk about foot ball, which is more stimulating to the intelli- gence than Greek verbs. o Statesmen still like radio as a means of expansion which does not permit the audience to talk back. ———e— Little bedtime stories are charming, but they do not inform youth as to how taxes will be met by the new generation. EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, — Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Tolerations. When some one gets kind o' foolish, Actin’ wild and kind o’ mulish, Don't get cross and try to tame him— Don't be too alert to blame him, “Rose is red and violet's blue"— Sing the little song anew And keep smilin’ as you say, “It is just his natural way.” As you praise the birds for singing, Don't resent the bees for stinging. Monkeys steal and parrots chatter— Their expressions do not matter. “Rose is red and violet's blue"— It's comforting and true. Folks surprise you day by day, It is just their natural way. Control. “How many votes to you control?” “I await instructions,” said Senator Sorghum. “I am eager to ascertain just what votes will assume the responsibility of controlling me.” High and Low. Away up in the stratosphere Adventures are successful, And questions soon may disappear Which once were so distressful. We are concerned with High and Low, From problems never shrinking; The Loftier a thought can go, The Deeper is the thinking. Relationship. “You must keep politics out of busi- ness.” an’t be done,” said Mr. Dustin Stax. «It is the duty of business to raise the taxes that politicians feel obliged to spend.” “The terrors of war,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “depend- largely on appeal to sympathy for women, children and other innocent bystanders who are caught in & terrible jam.” Logicality. Strange customs bid us criticize In no uncertain tone. We're certain that they are unwise Because they are not our own. ‘We turn away from tribal laws, Regal or demagogic; They may be logical because At least they're ethnologic. “We is becoming so intellectual,” said Uncle Eben, “dat we is tryin’ to take as much interest in a Supreme Court de- cision as we does in a report of de coroner’s jury.” [. D. C, Transient Residents, the Nation’s City and Trash To the Editor of The Star: ‘To many of us who are lifelong resi- dents of Washington the present slovenly and unkempt condition of the city is a constant source of annoyance and regret. Many of us remember the time, not so very long ago, when Washington as a city prided itself on its clean streeis and clean buildings; when we had a regular system of street cleaning, and our build- ings were not made unsightly by the un- necessary grime of soft coal soot. Today ‘Washington as a city seems to be steadily growing more indifferent as to its ap- pearance, more slovenly and careless in its habits, and this condition seems to be aggravated in proportion to the in- crease in its transient population. In driving about the city one is impressed with the selfishness and lack of consid- eration of citizens who drop everything they no longer want right -where they stand—torn up letters, envelopes from letters, bits of wrappers from various eatables, banana peels, etc. The list might be lengthened out indefinitely to include old shoes, odds and ends of wear- ing apparel no longer wearable, worn- out cooking utensils, old stoves, empty boxes, and last but not least, full-sized Christmas trees (in season). Nice ap- pearing automobiles pass through our streets shedding from their windows various bits of trash which the occupants want to dispose of immediately and throw out on our streets. Our residents no longer consider it necessary, or courteous, apparently, to sweep their pavements, and so make a more cleanly and comfortable place to walk for those who use them. It is very true that there are many people who are not at all disturbed by these things, and we wonder at the type of mentality that can be at home in such conditions. Is there no longer any appropriation for cleaning our streets and parks? If not, or if it is inadequate, why not put to good use some of the money for which no good use can seem to be found at present in doing some really useful work of this kind? There is a great deal of floundering around in search of “useful projects,” when some of the most obvious and necessary things are entirely neglected. Why not use some of these emergency funds to establish an incinerator for the capital city? The few beauty spots within the city are fast disappearing. Our parks are less attractive than ever before, not only from lack of beautification and cultiva- tion, but from neglect—or perhaps from lack of system. One of the most beauti- ful breathing places in Washington, which used to be a delight to many with its charm of old-fashioned blossoms and wonderful trees and natural rolling ground—the space in front of the Agri- culture Department—has been turned into a mere artery for traffic, geometric, level, denuded, uninteresting. Numbers of lovely trees moved from the Mall in the heat of last Summer and allowed to stand and dry out before being planted in Lafayette Square are so much dead wood now. A civic pride which would find expres- sion in bringing out beauty and cleanli- ness would inevitably induce a better state of activity and prosperity and be conducive to greater happiness and com- fort for the community. VERA E. ADAMS. Star’s Error on New York Electoral Vote Corrected To the Editor of The Star In the sixth column on the front page of the New York Times of Thursday, November 7, I read, with considerable astonishment, Mr. Eaton's prophecy that his party would “win the 94 electoral votes of the State in the election hext year.” I was no less astonished in the evening when I received The Star and found Mr. G. Gould Lincoln likewise re- ferring to the “94 electoral votes” of the State of New York. Something must be wrong somewhere. Article two, section one, paragraph two, of the United States Constitution pro- vides that the number of presidential electors shall be “equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.” ‘The apportionment under the census of 1930 gave to the State of New York 45 Representatives (statistical abstract of the United States for 1934, page 157). Like every other State in the Union, New York is entitled to two Senators. The Empire State is | therefore entitled to 47 presidential electors—not 94. J. J. KRAL. Phases of the Moon Not Produced by Earth To the Editor of The Star: Your editorial comment in November 8 issue on “The End of the Moon” con- tains an error of astronomical fact which should be corrected. You say, * * * * there will be times when the reflecting rings of moondust will be partly obscured from the sun by the body of the earth, which now makes the lunar phases and should by all logical reasoning continue to make phases in the hereafter to pulverization.” The conditions you mention cause the lunar eclipses, occurring only a few times in each year, and not the lunar phases. The phases are caused by the fact that the sun can illuminate only one-half of the moon at a time. At full moon we see the entire illuminated half, at the quarter we see half of the dark side and half of the light side, and at new moon we see almost entirely the dark side, except perhaps for a thin crescent of the lighted half. Stand with a lamp a few feet to your right and hold a tennis ball in your fingers straight out in front of you. The ball will then appear as the moon does at the quarter. The “body of the earth” or its shadow has nothing to do with it. CHARLES C. RAGSDALE. Hysteria Over Flag Is . o e Not Genuine Patriotism To the Editor of The Star: Probably the world’s worst case of hysteria was the spell that seized this country in 1917 and held it in bondage for several years. When the storm had spent its fury it was to be hoped that sanity would return. Now it seems that before we reach a normal state we are to be whipped back into the old madness. All this fuss and feathers about our flag is sickening. I love my country and I cherish its flag, the banner that stands for the pro- tection that makes life worth while; the emblem of the greatest nation of the earth. We should teach others to love this country, and respect for the flag will follow that love. But our present pro- cedure is making our flag an emblem of tyranny. You love your mother, of course, and cherish her picture. How would you like to be compelled to kiss her picture? How would you like to be, compelled to kiss your wife? ‘When I was & child my teachers taught a patriotism that was free ‘of hysteria. We had no flag worship. No child was asked to salute the flag. There was no persecution of little children over a mat~ ter of idiocy. Let us remn’l. u& sanity. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, ‘Why are some mornings brighter than others? More interesting seems the way. All you meet are sisters and brothers, on such a day.’ Fogs lift over Klingle Valley, all hearts are gay in every avenue and alley, on such a day. Explain as you will, there really is no explaining such mornings, such moods, if you please. That they are shared is evident. Every one you meet is in a good humor. And it is not just the sunshine alone which does it, or the crisp air, or the particular constitution of that air—for surely the composition of the atmos- phere differs from day to day. No, it is neither physical nor mental, alone, but some mystic property shared by all alike. * K * x Such mornings come rarely enough, so that they are noticed—and appre- ciated. The latter is just as important as the former, perhaps more so, because it is one thing to be the recipient of a gift and quite another to be grateful. Gratitude flows naturally from some natures, while others refuse to acknowl- edge a favor, no matter how useful they find it. No doubt the latter often cut them- selves off from further gifts, without once knowing their loss. Ignorance is bliss, it is said; what one does not know will not hurt them, it has been said again. Still one may miss the benefit and pleasure of a second gift if the proper appreciation has not been shown for a first. * K K X The gift of an exceptional morning is lost only on the very ill, and perhaps even they, despite their pain, feel some thrill at the blessing. As long as there is life, there is hope. We all know that, but at times may tend to forget it. That is why the proposition of power over life and death is not an easy one to solve; no man, whatever his learning, can say with absolute surety, “So far and no farther.” The healing powers can do strange things and may do them just when things seem darkest. The powers of observation are not so great, in any man, that he is able to say anything with absolute certainty. Every one knows how it is when one innocently brags about something or other. Often before the very day is done some great power seems to have heard and seems bent on making the boast vain. Especially if one has bragged, * haven't had a cold for a long time.” That very night a “cold” will arrive. The old superstition of “tapping on wood,” to avert danger, is not as great as the prior superstition itself (that one must avoid boasting), because of the possibility of some dire power sending the very thing which one fondly believes has been avoided. Perhaps the “tapping on wood” goes back to the ancient Roman country cults, when a spirit was supposed to reside in trees. Despite the modern admiration for trees, especially as subjects for poems and songs, there is little doubt that thou- sands of years ago these vast horticul- tural subjects played a more important part in the lives of the common people than they do now. We have trees served STARS, MEN up to us as radio cabinets, as chairs and tables, but they are then not so much trees as simply wood—the wood we “tap” on to avert the machinations of the ancient wood spirits who hear all things and generally have a mean, sneaking desire to “take it out on us” when we say something that seems to be of a boastful nature! * ¥ * X By fixing the benefits and plain hap- piness of the exceptional morning in the mind at the time they arise it is pos- sible to recall them on days which offer the reverse side of the shield. Every cloud has a silver lining, it has been said, and every gloomy day has or may have the memory of good mornings such as all have known. Then, when life seems all wrong, as it does regularly to some natures, and occasionally to even the most cheery, it will prove helpful to think back to the bright morning when one’s spirit instinc- tively burst into song. ‘What if others found no melody in one's beautiful song? That is one of the hardships of being a composer! For did any one suppose music is known at once by all? You could sing the loveliest song that ever was heard down the steep stairs of time, and at least eight out of every ten persons who heard it would not under- stand it. They would not know they were listen- ing to a good song, but would honestly suppose it to be “just noise.” They would lack the ability to appre- ciate, because often their appreciation depends, not on the thing itself, but upon prior praise of the thing. The new thing, therefore, the fresh song, is nothing to them, until some one in whom they have faith has told them he admires it. Then they do, too, but never of themselves, because they have not sufficient faith in themselves as musical judges and perhaps they are right, after all. * ok ok X One of the surest ways to fix the good morning in mind, to bring its charms back when needed, is to let go the evil thoughts of life and living as far as | possible. Let fall the arguments, the disputes, the constant semi-bickerings that go on in the everyday world. Let go, let fall, as far as possible. That is the best one can do; sometimes the thing is not possible at all. Worries overcome one, when no doubt they should be dropped as one would let loose of a hot coal. Drop them, let them go, as far as feasible. Think of something else, go take a walk, do something, anything, to get the | mind off worries. And if these remedies are not avail- | able, there is always the human mind, which, by an effort, can make itself think | of something else, for a few moments, | at least. The gloomy thoughts may come back. they may obtrude themselves, they may leap into the mind again, but for a few seconds, at least, they have been ban- ished. If practice makes perfect, as the old saying has it, then by keeping on, in de- liberately letting go worries and the like to the best of our ability, in time we may get to the point where every day becomes a sort of glorified morning. It is worth trying for. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The chemistry of fear—the changes in the chemical composition of blood after an emotional shock—is the subject of an intensive study carried out at Walter Reed Hospital here under the auspices of the psychological depart- ment of Catholic University. The study was made by Dr. Frank B. Wakeman of the Army Medical Corps, with patients at the Army hospital serv- ing unconsciously as the subjects. The object was to determine just what changes took place after one of these patients was informed that he shortly was to undergo a major operation. The value of the findings rests partly in the standardized situation. Sixty- four subjects were used, all veterans, soldiers or members of the C. C. C. All were suffering from the same con- dition—uncomplicated hernia—in which there was no infection in the blood stream which might complicate the chemical reactions. First, Dr. Wakeman obtained blood samples two or three days before the patients knew what was to happen to them. Each was told the evening before that he was to be operated upon the next morning. The second sample of blood was taken just before the men went on the operating table. Then the chemistry of the two samples was com- pared. It was assumed that the mental anticipation and a certain degree of anxiety and apprehension during the wait would have marked effects which could be detected in the blood com- position. Most of the patients, says Dr. Wakeman, were boys undergoing their first hospital experience, and many were alone so far as relatives or close friends were concerned. None knew the purpose of the investigation nor that anything other than routine procedures was uqder way. Moreover, they passed the time of increased anxiety in a standardized condition, so far as diet and activity were concerned. Thus there was noth- ing except the emotion to complicate the blood finding. LR In every case Dr. Wakeman found essentially the same differences. There was a notable increase in both the blood sugar and the lactic acid in the blood. In the first case the average jumped from 83 to 92 milligrams per 100 cubic centimeters. In the case of lactic acid it increased from 20 to 28 milligrams. Thus, he holds, the blood content of both these substances seems to be fairly reliable evidence of emotional conditions. Almost as significant, however, were the negative findings. There was practically no change in oxygen, carbon dioxide, hemoglobin or hydrogen ion concentra- tion in the blood stream. Had these been present it might have been assumed that they were primary effects, giving rise in turn to the blood sugar and lactic acid increases. ) Primarily the cause of the chemical changes, Dr. Wakeman holds, is an in- creased outpouring of adrenalin into the blood stream from the adrenal glands. Such a discharge, he says, is an impor- tant element in the adaptation of the individual to environmental stress, and enables one to react for the preserva- tion of life, either by flight or by taking the offensive. : But, he points out, the blood sugar increase does not result directly from the adrenalin, but from its effects on muscular and other tissue. The same effect takes place when the sympathetic ' the physiologists as physical regulatoryof the emotions, is not intact. Thus, he says: “We may assume that the action of adrenalin is on some sub- stance mediating between the nerve and the responsive tissue. Thus it would seem essential that we consider not only the neurological basis of emotionality, but also the neurohumoral basis for the responses in various emotional reactions. | Casual connections and interrelation- ships between the two must be analyzed and the total effects understood prior to the practical problem of removing or replacing undesirable emotiona! pat- erns. We must understand not only the physiological and psychological, but the biochemical indices of the presence of an emotional state. It is believed the larger the combination the more readily will the ultimate solution appear. The precise problem that we have to face is not a mere classification of the neurohumors, but rather the extent to which these various substances exist and influence the reaction of the organism in emotional states.” * ok ok ok It is still. Dr. Wakeman points out, very difficult to define an emotion. The person who has it knows that he is in an exaggerated feel state, which cannot be described very precisely. From the experimental evidence on hand, he says, it would seem that the present theories are undoubtedly an over- simplification of the facts. The more extensive the survey of psychological, physiological and biochemical literature the more apparent becomes the diffi- culty of any concise definition. “Even under normal physiological con- ditions,” he says, “it may be assumed that the mind is influenced to a cer- tain extent by the chemical condition of the entire body and consequently psychological processes may not be con- sidered as limited to the cerebral cortex or even its end organs. Affective be- havior must be regarded as a function of the whole organism. “The emotional life of an individual is determined in a large measure, there- fore, by the functional reactivity and the balance maintained between the autonomi¢ nervous system and the chem- ical hormones which it causes to be elaborated. Emotionality involves more than mere sensation and is more com- plex than a simple feeling.” e A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton In the Bishop’s Garden Day and night were changing places When within the cross-crowned gate Flew a butterfly, pale yellow, Truant of its Summer fate. Chili November winds were blowing Over the flagged paths of stone, Over bird fonts, still, deserted, With the fledglings long since flown. And across the English ivy, Flanked by berries orange-red, Autumn sunset flowed in glory Crimson as the blood Christ shed. On a font of crystal water Dripping in a silvern tone In the last ray of the sunset Died the ANSWERS TO ~ QUESTIONS —_— By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question uf fact by writing The Washing= ton Evening Star Information Bureanu, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Who was the most valuable Amer- ican League player of 1935?—L. C. A. Representatives of the Base Ball Writers’ Association of America voted Hank Greenberg the most valuable player of 1935, Q. Please locate and describe the longest pipe line in the world—S. J. A. The Bureau of Mines says that the Mosul oil pipe line in Iraq is considered the longest pipe line. It gushes oil across the Mesopotamian Desert and was opened in January, 1935. Four countries share rights—France, England, the Netherlands and the United States. The line parallels ancient caravan routes, scales mountains and dives under the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers, then drops into the Valley of the Jordan and thus into the Mediterranean Sea. This pipe line has a daily capacity of 85,000 barrels and airplanes patrol the lines for leaks. Q. What States have civil service in their government?—H. C A. At the present time California, Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Massachu- setts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and | Wisconsin have a State civil service, Q. Please give the origin of encyclo- pedias—A. R. M A. In scope and authority. the writings of Aristotle are the chief Greek antici- pation of the encyclopedia. The char- acteristic technique of the modern en- cyclopedia, including miphabetical ar- rangement of material, was of late and slow development. The example was not clearly set until John Harris in 1704 published his Lexicon technicum, or a universal English dictionary of arts and sciences. William Caxton, the first English printer, translated from the French and printed an encyclopedia or Mijrrour of the World. His successor, Wynkyvn de Worde, printed John of Trevisa's Englisii | translation of the encyclopedia written in Latin by Bartholomew de Glanville, Q. What is the temperature of the Virgin Islands and how much rainfall is there?—E. B. A. The annual temperature range of the Virgin Islands is from 74 degrees to 87 degrees F. Rainfall in most years is about 3 inches per month. The relative humidity is usually below 60 per cent, falling considerably below this at noon. Q. How old is the firm of Crosse & Blackwell?—L. F A. The firm was established in London in 1706. Q. Who is director of the new Amer- ican Ballet at the Metropolitan Opera? —H. W. A. George Balanchrine is the director. | He is a graduate of the school of the Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg. and creator of nine ballets for Diaghilev. Q. How old is Bruno Hauptmann's little boy?—S. de B A. Mannfried Hauptmann, son Bruno Richard Hauptmann, was born November 3, 1933. of Q. Please give the name of the archi- tect of the Battle Mountain Sanitarium at Hot Springs, S. Dak., the date of its completion, and cost—J. L. N, A. The Battle Mountain Sanitarium at Hot Springs, S. Dak., is now known as Veterans' Administration Facility, Hot Springs, S. Dak. The architect was Thomas R. Kimball of Omaha, Nebr. Construction was completed April, 1907, and approximate cost of the institution was $1,317,525. Q. How much molasses is produced in Puerto Rico?—L. K A. The annual production of molasses is about 30,000,000 gallons. Q. What is the origin of the expression, “Mind Your P's and Qs"?—R. T. W. A. In olden times in alehouses chalk scores were marked upon the wall or behind the door of a tap room. It was the custom to use the initials P and Q in heading the accounts to show the number of pints and quarts for which the customer owed. Mind vour P's and Q’s naturally became a friendly admoni- tion, Q. How many tourists go to Florida annually?—H. M. A. It is estimated that 1,500,000 tourists visited Florida last year. Q. What is the cheapest diet per day on which a child of pre-school age will be nourished?—M. B. A. According to a study of child nutri- tion on a low-priced diet made at Teachers’ College, Columbia University, an adequate diet for a child of nursery age can be provided for 32 cents a day. Q. How many people are unemployed now?—E. K. A. In September, 1935, the total num- ber of unemployed persons was 9,466,000, Q. Is eugenics of modern origin?—H. H. A. Weeding out of the unfit was advo- cated by Plato and in the nineteenth century by Sir Francis Galton. Q. Please give a formula for cleaning printing plates—C. E. S. A. The Government Printing Office says that printing plates may be tho! oughly cleaned with a commercial ink solvent or a mixture of 60 per cent benzol and 40 per cent acetone. Fol- lowing this they should be buffed and given a coat of clear lacquer to prevent tarnishing. Q. When did Dr. Crawford Long first use ether as an anesthetic?>—H. J. A. He excised a tumor of the neck in 1842, using ether. As this was not pub- lished, it was not generally known until after Morton in 1846 used ether as an anesthetic in a public demonstration in Boston. Q. How did the cost of the World War to the United States compare with peace= time expenses?—F. T. A. A. Translated into social expenses, it equaled the combined cost of fire losses for 20 years, cost of medical care for five years, all surfaced roads, cost of education and all the churches. Q. What does it mean, in Salvation Army parlance, to fire a volley?—H. J. A. It means to say amen in concert. Q. How many times was Milton mar- ried and to whom?—C. G. A. The poet first married Mary Powell, who left nim a month after the mar- riage. In 1656 he married Catharine Woodcock, who died two years later. His third marriage was to Elizabeth Min- shull, who survived him. Q. Was Jack London ever a war corre- spondent?—R. M. A. He was a newspaper correspondent during the Russo-Japanese War, and in 1814 a war correspondent in Mexico. » (