Evening Star Newspaper, September 26, 1935, Page 8

" A8 wx¥ THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY .. September 26, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. -Editer —_ The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: SR TTS st deba 8. 5 Micaigan Buflding s Rekent St London. Ensind. 11th St : New Yurk Chicago Of Europesn Office: Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star . ---45¢ per month The Eveiins and Sun DA 65¢_ per month -3¢ per copy Night Pinal Night Pinal and Sunday Star. Night Final St Collection ma Orders may be sen tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. d and Virginia, . .. $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ 4 p0; 1 mo- e e 3400} 1 mo.. 40c Sunday only. All Other States and Canada. ) 12.00; 1 mo., $1.00 aily and Sunday. $13.00: 1 mo. 31,00 $5.00; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. T Apcaa Bl iy G crealted 1o i of, not ohermute iohea Herein: herein are also reserved. E ————— Fateful Hours. Crisis and fluctuating hopes and fears #till mark the tortuous course of events in the Italo-Ethiopian conflict, but peace has not been broken. As long as the guns remain spiked, howevef chaotic current developments may appear, avoidance of war becomes an increasing probability. Statesmen of all countries concerned are exhausting every recourse at their command to keep the quarrel and its European ramifications within amicable framework. Undoubtedly they have at Jeast contrived to produce a calmer atmosphere in which to pursue their arduous task. That, considering the explosive conditions of the recent past, is a notable gain and an augury of final success. There are moments in inter- national discussion when delay is dan- gerous. The reverse is the case at this juncture of the difficulties which the League of Nations is trying to surmount. Every hour’s postponement of Italy's decision to resort to force improves the chances that she may be dissuaded from doing so altogether. Today events are scheduled that will point the way in which the crisis is trending. At Geneva the League Council Committee will submit its peace plan, providing mainly for international “assistance” in the reorganization of Ethiopia, and will presumably disclose Italy's attitude toward it. Immediate action on the report is unlikely. Geneva moves slowly on such occasions. But the fateful hour approaches when Council and Assembly must decide, re- spectively, under covenant articles 15 and 16, whether Italy is to be adjudged an aggressor and subjected to sanctions in the form of an economic and financial boycott. Great Britain and France are, by every available sign, ready to impose sanctions, and, under their leadership, the other League states may be expected to follow suit. “Collective resistance” to Mussolini will then become an accom- plished fact. There was some lingering doubt as to France's whole-hearted readiness to join in anti-Italian coercive measures pending certain guarantees of* British aid against a Germany venturing gome day in Western Europe to embark upon a marauding expedition similar to Ttaly’s program in Northeastern Africa. Premier Laval seems ,to have been given | sufficient assurance on this score to war- rant France in standing shoulder to shoulder with the British in support of the covenant. Easing of the Anglo-Italian tension, which resulted from the dispatch of the British fleet to the Mediterranean, is the most significant late development. Mus- solini has suddenly ganceled the sailing of ten thousand troops to Libya, the Italian colony adjacent to Egypt, which has been the object of provocative threats from Rome. Il Duce has issued a sconciliatory communique declaring that Italy “has nof and does not wish to have any difference with Great Britain.” It is everybody's secret that the stupendous show of maval power which John Bull is staging between Gibraltar and the Suez has acted as an all-powerful antidote to Mussolini's belligerency. The hope is justified that when he is formally and finally con- fronted by a mobilized all-European de- termination to resist his menace to world peace his bellicose ardor will undergo &till further diminuendo. N —————————— A threat to the world lurks in the nerve tension which may betray states- men into temperamental diplomacy. ———— Baby Bonds and the Law. Has the United States Government violated its own laws in the matter of the improper exploitation of its securi- ties, offered for sale? That question has arisen to bother the administration; as if there were not enough worries and concerns in connection with the business of remodeling the Federal system. The ‘securities involved are the new “savings bonds,” popularly known as “baby bonds,” ranging in denomination from $25 to $1,000 and paying 29 per cent interest® compounded semi-annually. The offering did not go very well when placed on the market. For some reason or other there was no rush on the T‘:an of the small investors to buy. Whether the interest rate was not atiractive or there was some lurking doubt about the eventual soundness of the investment is not known. It may have been that there was no free money in the pockets or the bank accounts of the potential baby-bond holders with which to acquire these securities. 3 At any rate, with the offering going somewhat “sour,” as the phrase runs, resort was had to direct appeal, through the medium of the advertising pages. An attractive proclarhation of the merits of these bonds from the viewpoinj of the small investor and the thrifty was pre- pared and publihed. Now comes the criticism that in thus appealing for A THE EVEN business the Government is violating the spirit if not the letter of the law which was recently enacted by Congress setting up a commission to supervise and regu- late the promotion of financial offerings to the public investors. Analysis of the Treasury’s advertisement, it is clsimed, reveals the use of high-pressure sales- manship which is denied to the private promoters. In the Treasury’s advertisement occurs the phrase “In ten years your invest- ment earns 33!5 per cent,” which some consider as bordering upon the field of the false and misleading. In other respects the Treasury’s proclamation of the virtues of the baby bonds is such, it is asserted, as would not be permitted by the Securities Exchange Commission, which is empowered by the new law to deny publicity of any private investment offering that in the least degree departs from the strictest truth. This may all be a tempest in a teapot. The bonds themselves are of the “baby” variety and they are “such little ones” that maybe any transgressions are t® be condoned, if noted at all. And then, too, it may be that the Federal adminis- tration has, in the course of New Deal dispensation and development, come to regard itself as immune to the statutes, even as it has sought to disregard the Constitution in respect to certain prin- ciples of Government. The baby bonds, meanwhile, are being rather widely ad- vertised by this very discussion of the propriety of their exploitation, and maybe they will go over without any further crowding of the legal proprieties. The G. O. P. Problem. The meeting of the Executive Com- mittee of the Republican National Committee to discuss campaign plans disclosed, with other things, that the conservatives in the organization have | caught their second wind. And the conservatives occupy dominant posi- tions. The change in the sentiment throughout the country toward Presi- dent Roosevelt and his New Deal, of which reports and evidences have been supplied in considerable quantity, has encouraged these leaders of the G. O. P. | to believe that they can win in 1936 | with a conservative ticket and a more than less conservative platform. There is one fly in the ointment, how- ever, for these conservative Republicans. They recognize that the great States of the Middle West and the West must | swing to the Republican column next year if a Republican President is to be chosen. The progressive Republicans are found in large numbers there. And further, the farm population in those | States must be satisfied to vote for the Republican ticket and against Roose- velt, who has been showering it with Government checks through the A. A. A. program. It becomes essential, there- fore, in the opinion® of many of the Republican leaders to pick a ticket that | | lenting controversy in the neighborhood | of the Red Sea. will not offend the progressive Repub- licans of the West, and particularly essential to write a farm plank in the party platform that will appeal to the farmers as a good substitute for the A. A A These are tough jobs for conservative | Eastern Republican leaders. Obviously some of them are so far encouraged as to believe that the tide has swung against the New Deal; that any one the Republicans may nominate President will be elected. But the major- ity of the Republican leaders are still anxious about the farm problem in the West. And vet they do not see just now they can bring themselves to sup- port, for example, the farm debenture or export bounty plan suggested by Col. Frank Knox, cne of the candidates for the Republican nomination. they regard with anything but discom- fort and distrust the possible candidacy of Senator William E. Borah of Idaho. Other progressive Republican possibil- ities exist for these conservative Repub- ! . | They likewise bring me some regret lican leaders only in varying degrees of unavailability. Much will depend upon the turn of the Republican leadership, not only for the Republican party, but for the coun- try. Apparently the tendency is for a swing to the right as the Roose- velt New Deal lags in popularity. There is however such a thing as overdoing the °conservative position. The American people mdy turn their backs on New Dealism, planning and regimentation, not to mentiorr spending and taxation, but will they follow the conservatives of the East? The farmers of the West might be willing to “let nature take its course” provided the industrial East was also willing. tariff from the ravages of nature in the shape of world competition for the American markKets. The farmers of the West insist that what is sauce for the East is also sauce for the West. If the industrialists and the workers of the East are to be protected artificially, then, they say, the farmers of the West entitled to artificial protection. 'l,l: Roosevelt administration has under- taken to give the farmers that artificial protection through the A. A. A. What, the West says, will the G. O. P. do for the farmers? oo “Greatest” World Fair. The plan, announced yesterday, for “the greatest world-fair in history,” to be held in New York in 1939 and 1940, naturally is of interest to the people of Washington. Obviously, success will depend upon the co-operation of the Federal Government and the population of the entire country. The metropolis itself, however enthusiastic for it, could not finance, manage nor operate the enterprise alone. And that fact should be understood from the beginning. - Nothing purely local is represented in the event to be commemorated. The purpose of the ;fo)wt is to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the ceremonial beginning of national history—the iz auguration of George Washington as first President of the United States, April 30, 1789. That iricident, it is true, occurred in Manhattan, but the principal actors in it were natives of other places, and their attitude toward New York was S A | as a social possibility. Print is so un- : no crime for one man to beat another’s ! a man who, possessing a large list of fol- | | donations of art galleries, they can still | represented as people who are forced to | for | Nor do | | Among the leaves that linger yet The industrial East, however, | has been bolstered by the protective | T clearly demonstrated by their removal of the seat of Government to Philadel~ phia in 1790 and to the District of Columbia in 1800. Indeed, it is remarkable to note how small a part New York has played in the drama of the Republic. The spirit of the community was predominantly pro-British in the period immediately preceding the Revolution, and the town was occupied by Redcoats from Sep- tember 14, 1776, until November 25, 1783. But perhaps simply because the patriotic significance of the eity is so inconse- quential it may be the ideal place for a demonstration of fundamental Amer- ican idealism four years hence. The educational effect upon the alien mul- titudes, among whom socialistic and communistic propaganda is supposed to be having effect, should be good. Also, there can be little doubt of the economic benefit which New York will have from the fair. Since the depres- sion cast its direful shadow over Amer- ica it has been—in the language of Will Rogers—"a busted Babylon,” and it sadly needs such a tonic as an’exposi- tion would be. But caution must be practiced. The Century of Progress affair in Chicago was an exception, not the rule, and careful management will be required if the “greatest” of all ex- positions is to end outside the “red.” New York, however, can count on the assistance of the hinterfand. Washing- ton gladly will join with Boston, Phil- adelphia. Baltimore and other Atlantic Coast cities to make the undertaking worth while, and when evidence has been provided to prove that the end of the journey will not be disappointing, throngs of visitors will come from the West. A result vastly to be desired is a closer correlation of New York and its contemporaries among towns and cities, large and small, scattered over the entire continent. ———— A return to Puritanism is suggested | hesitating and precise in exposing in- dividuals to public view that there seems no reason for employing the "stocks or the ducking stool. —_— et Under present prize fight rules it is face into a pulp, at least it cannot be referred to as a form of crime that does not pay. ————— Mussolini is faced with the cares of lowers, must find some place to lead them. o e Former Mayor Jimmy Walker would rather be in New York, even if he has to look at the tall buildings from the out- side. S History repeats itself, but few people expected to go so far back as an unre- e If philanthropists are discouraged in aid citizenship by establishing shooting ! galleries. —— e Munitions makers are sympathetically | make money whether they whnt it or | not. RPNERSE I+ . Shooting Stars, — KR BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Basic Values. The Auturhn leaves will turn to gold. I do not shout hurrah. For gold, alas T cannot hold; It is against the law. Some green backs are revealed. Which cannot be concealed. The circulating me-di-um Which charms my wistful eye I fear will presently become ¢ Plain pork and beans and ple. Not Retiring. “So you think of retiring to the prac- tice of law.” . “Y may practice law,” said Senator Sorghum, “but to do so would not be retiring. It would be an honest hustle to have things done instead of waiting for them to happen.” Jud Tunkins says he doesn't like pugilism, because it's simply another way of getting a man all excited over some- thing thed is, strictly speaking, none of his business. ‘ ‘Wisdom. The patriot lifts a patient voice Amid the cheering graceless. Some pugilist bids us rejoice Because he’s hammered faceless. The orator will still control The crowd that daily passes And harkens as his words extol The Wisdom of the Masses. Point of Interest. “What's the principal point of interest in Crimson Gulch?” asked the traveling man. “The gas filling station,” answered Mesa Bill. “It's the only place with enough cash on hand to make it worth while for a hold-up man to stop and notice us.” s Christmas Shopping. Munitions are unpleasant toys Here and across the sea. They shoot up little girls:and boys And folks like you and me. Oh, Santa Claus, when by and by You come to claim our thanks, Please do not send us a supply Of bombing planes and tanks. The fairness of a world's applause’ Should be considered thus. ‘We know we can't shoot Santa Claus And he should not shoot us. “A man dat is always complainin’” said Uncle Eben, “ain’t no mo’ help dan a dog dat don’t know how to do nuffin’ but holler.” . NG _STAR, WASHINGTON, . lican " cracked a desk with his fist. THE POLITICAL More than eight months before the Republican National Convention, when a natignal ticket will be chosen and a national platform written, the Repub- lican natijonal organization is launching its campaign to defeat the Roosevelt New Deal. The meeting of the Executive Commitiee of the G. O. P. National Com- mittee here yesterday adopted definite plans for the opening of a Midwestern headquarters in Chicago, arranged for the appointmett of a Finance Com- mittee to raise the funds for the pre- convention campaign, and heard glow- ing reports of a tide turning against the Roosevelt administration. * % ox % The object of the Republican organi- zation, as explained succinctly by Chair- man Henry P. Fletgher, will be to keep the tide turning — and churning — against President velt. The cam- paign will be to convince the people that the New Deal is unsound, expensive and destructive of American ideals and the Constitution. It will not be conducted in the interests of any particular Re- publican candidate. The chairman and the other members of the National Com- mittee insist that selecting candidates for President and Vice President and writing platforms is far from the province of the committee. The campaign will be conducted to beat down the Roose- velt New Deal and to show the voters it is to their interest to throw the New Dealers out. * % % ¥ When the Republican Executive Com- mittee gathered at the Mayflower Hotel yesterday for their meeting the con- servatives seemed to be in the saddle. But even so, the disposition was not o attack the A. A. A. and its checks to the farmers of the Midwest and the West. The electoral votes of the Western States are regarded as a sine qua non for Re- publican victory next year, even by the conservative Republicans of the East. These conservative Republicans, how- ever, are going to give up just as little as possible to win the West. They are greatly disinclined, for example, to consider the possibility of nominating for President Senator Borah of Idaho. Nor do they look with any great degree of satisfaction on ¢he prospect of nomi- nating any other progressive Republican from the West. Some of these conserva- tive Republicans attending yesterday's meeting go so far as to insist that if Borah is the Republican nominee, then the States of the East might go for Roosevelt next year. They harp upon the record of Senator Borah as a friend of currency inflation. * x * x The Eastern Republicans are chary of talk about Senator Vandenberg of Michigan and Gov. Landon of Kansas, disinclined to give either of them sup- port for the nomination at this time. They are wondering about Col. Frank Knox, publisher of the Chicago Daily News. for an export bounty on wheat and other farm produce as a substitute for the Roosevelt A. A. A. program. How, they demand, can the Republicans of the East ever stand for such a plan? And yet, the Republicans, even these Eastern conservatives, feel that they must give something to the farmers of the West as a substitute for the A. A. A. The reports from the Midwest are to the effect that wheat farmers, the corn and hog farmers, etc, are still mighty fond of the Government checks that roll in for compliance with the crop restric= tive program of the administration. These farmers may not be willing to change their political allegiance unless they are convinced they are to receive aid from the G. O. P. if it is put in power. * o ox % There is always the possibility that a decision of the Supreme Court hold- ing the A. A. A. unconstitutional way come along and upset the whole Roose- velt farm program. Probably nothing could give the Republicans greater pleasure. _ But even that would not obviate the necessity of a farm plank in the Republican platform which would promise the farmers real help. And if a decision of the Supreme Court upsetting the A. A. A. will be a pleasure to the Republicans, it will be a sad blow to the Democrats. No more checks to the | farmers next year when the campaign | | old issue. is or would change the picture con- siderably. doubtless would be called upon to enact something new for the farmers without delay. So far as Senator Borah is con- cerned, many of the conservative Repub- leaders continue to insist that the Idaho Senator will never permit his name to go into presidential preferen- tial primaries and that he will run again for the Senate and not for President, when the time comes. This, however, is the first time that the Idaho Senator has .ever been seriously put forward in the press and by many Republicans as a presidential candidate. He may yet toss his hat in the ring, and he cer- tainly will do sb if he listens to the advice of many progressive Republicans and some Democrats. * % ¥ ¥ Although it is not generally known, Senator Borah had a chance to become President in 1912. Had he done so, the whole course of history might well have been changed in this country. For for the Senate and not for President again during the World War period. It happened this way. During the uproar in the Republican National Convention in Chicago in 1912, with the forces of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft at each others’ throats, the floor manager for Taft went to the floor manager for Roosevelt with a proposal that a compromise be reached—that the spnvention nominate one of three mien for President, Borah of Idaho, Hadley of Missouri or ‘' McGovern of Wisconsin. Taft, the floor manager, who was former Senator James E. Watson, de- clared would step aside, provided Roose- velt was willing to do the same. It was the thought of the Taft people that the G. O. P. would imply be pulled apart by a continued row between Taft and Roosevelt—as it was later. ‘When the plan was carried to Roose- velt, however, he went into a'rage and the chance of a Borah nomination and elec- tion to the presidency in that year went by the board. The Roosevelt floor man- ager to whom the proposal was made was John F. Fort, who had been Gover- nor of New Jersey, father of former Representative Franklin Fort of New Jersey, a close friend and supporter of former President Hoever. * *x x * There has been, and continues to be,a lot of talk about Mr. Hoover's position with to the Republican presiden- tial i next year. As one of Mr. Hoover’s closest assoclates puts it, neither Mr. Hoover nor any one else can say today whether the former President tions and circumstances which exist in this country the Republican party next June. friend of Mr. Hoover's insists that he will make no statement; that he will continue to carry the fight wl;g New Deal; that he wjll c\:ntln\n D. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER The colonel shocked some of | them when he came out the other day The Democratic Congress | 26, 1935, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. New introductions in the tropical fish world of the home aquarfum come and 80 year after year. Specimens hitherto unknown are from sll parts of the world, some of them to become pew favorites, most of them to be relegated in a few years to the foreign waters from which they came. Sope are not adaptable to tank life, owing to feeding requirements the fancier is unable to meet; many prove no better or prettier than specimens already fa- vorites everywhere; some are good, but for one reason or another do not become popular. It is with small fishes as with novels or songs—just why one is popular and another is not often is utterly beyond explanation. One small fish from far away which has firmly established itself in the home aquarium everywhere in America by this time is the so-called mosaic gourami. This is a member of an interesting family of bubble nest builders. It had better been called the butterfly gourami, because its pattern of lines and general delicacy of appearance are ex- actly that of so many of the gorgeous butterflies one sees everywhere during the Summer. * x % % This fish, whose technical name is Trichogaster leeri, is a member of the group of small creatures which includes the popular “three-spot” and another new introduction, the so-called “blue gourami.” This latter is by no means as beautiful an animal as the mosaic gourami, how- ever. Its color is like to be a muddy blue, in many cases, and its shape is not alto- gether pleasing, being rather cigarlike and inclined to lumpiness, especially when fed well, The mosaic gourami, on the other fin, is, a truly dainty fish. In addition to its intricate-patterned sides it is smaller than most members of the family, with the exception of the popular dwarf form, and has an air of aristocracy which is as unexplainable in a fish as in a human being. Fish or man has it—or hasn't it—that is all. Hence, the mosaic gourami has a quality lacking in so many of the pet | fishes kept in glass homes, which, after all, are just fish. *oN Our mosaic fellow has piscatorial “it,"” without a doubt. His body is underlaid with a delicate violet sheen, combined with the purest gold. We have seen this described as green- ish, but all the specimens available in Washington are of a delicate violet hue undercolor. No doubt, as with most fishes, this color is capable of infinite gradation. The fish that in one tank and under certain conditions shows a lavender sheen might, equally well be- come violet-green in another aquarium, where different food and light conditions prevail. { The mosaic, or butterfly, gourami has a black to the tail. This line, while perfectly definite, is not hard or severe in any sense, but is rather wavery, partaking of the characteristics of the mosaic patterns | on the sides. The eyes of this fish are very promi- nent and quite intelligent. fishes, just as among humans, and the eye often shows it very well. Seen from the head-on position, the STARS, MEN line running from the eye | There is a | great difference in the intelligence of | fish's eyes are extra prominent, sticking out slightly from the side of the head. ‘The fish is not nervous at any time, but swims placidly, yet with plenty of “pep.” It minds its own business in an aquarium and is never afraid of the human shapes which from time to time come up to look at it. This is a most excellent quality in any fish whose destiny is to adorn a home aquarium, because few persons who have not had much experience keeping trop- ical fishes have any idea +in the world how “scary” many of these creatures are. A fish technically named Copeina gut- tata, which offers one of the most beauti- ful blue colorations of any of the several hundred species now in tanks, neverthe- less is so skittish that it -becomes a bore to keep it. Especially at mating time, the slightest noise or movement near its tank causes it and its mates to dash around the aquarium. A fish that this habit is never, of course, very popular as a home aquarium fish, and this has been the fate of this Copeina. Another mem- ber of this family has the interesting habit of leaping clear out of the water with its mate, the eggs being deposited on a leaf above the surface of the water or even on the inner side of the glass lid which commonly is kept over tropical fish tanks. ° * % X Xx Even the best behaved fishes—those most adaptable to aquarium condi- tions—will show traces of nervousnefs with increasing age and also when thoughtless observers do two things: 1. Rush up to a tank too precipitately. 2. Stand looking down at the water from above. at them top-speed is one naturally in clined to scare a collection of aquatic never be any parallel to it, especially in the pools and small streams from which most of our exotic fishes come. Probably the advent of a boat would be the nearest thing to it such a fish would ever en- counter, and we may imagine the speed is no wonder, then, that when a fish in a glass home sees something looming up suddenly that it tends to dash away into the plants. are not frightened by some one looking why most fishes are dark-colored on top, so that they will blend with the natural darkness of the waters below; and col- ored light on the stomach, so that they will blend with the light above in the eyes of any enemy coming up from the bottom. to the blue form, and most persons will esteem it more than the old-fashioned “three-spot,” but, as for us, we remain firm in our liking for the latter. The “three-spot.” or “two-spot,” is a swell fish, no matter how many “spots” you call. All of the members of the gourami | ! family, with the exception of the dwarf, possess one trait in common—they love to eat, will eat anything and will thrive on it. All they ask is enough! Such healthy digestions and eliminative proc- esses are seldom seen in this world, and when one does see them he ought to | admire them, because they mean perfec- | tion where so often imperfection and | disease run riot. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The “missing link"—over which such hot controversies were waged early in | the twentieth century—may have been found. The anncuncement of Prof. Eugene Dubois of Holland that newly found bones of the grotesque Pithecanthropus erectus of Java, long regarded by anthro- pologists as the earliest known member of the human family, showing the creature to have been a gigentic species of gibbon, and not a man, throws new light on the The “missing link,” it is likely, was none other than that ogrelike tree- dweller, the Java man himself. He appears entitled to this status if anthro- pologists accept the Dutch scientist’s hypothesis of the evolution of the mind by a series of regularly spaced jumps. | He calls this hypothesis, announced in the same paper in which he relegates Pithecanthropus to the gibbon family, by the somewhat breath-taking name of “the law of automic phylogentic prog- ress of the psychencephalon.” This means simply that the size of the brain—especially that part of the brain concerned with the functions of what is ordinarily expressed as “mind"—in relation to the body increases from fam- ily to family of mammals by 100 per cent jumps. A class of animals always has exactly twice the brain size—and pre- sumably also the intelligence, in so far as it is related to brain size—of the class | next below it. Thus, a great ape like the gorilla, in relation to the weight of its body, has twice as big a brain as such an animal as the elephant. The brain of cats, dogs, cattle, etc., by the same category is half that of such creatures as the elephant. The civets, hares and large bats have half the brain of the cats and dogs. The shrews and related creatures, in turn, have half the relative brain weight of the hares and large bats. Throughout the mammal world, Prof. Dubois claims, there are very few devia- tions from this scale. There is no such thing, for example, as a genus of mam- mals with a brain weight one-third, one- fifth or one-seventh that of the genus with the next heavier brains. The mind has not crawled like a worm upward out of the darkness of the origins of life. It has advanced from species to species by a series of discreet jumps—each jump covering almost exactly the same dif- ference as the jump before. Prof. Dubois presents a special for- mula for the behavior of the jumping brain. The jumps, it must be remem- bered, are not in the absolute size of the organ, but in the relation of the size to the weight of the body, expressed by the quotient of the brain weight divided by five-ninths of the weight of the body. x X % X In the case of man, however, the law did not seem to hold. to issue statements and to make speeches against the New Deal, and that Mr. Hoover is intensely interested in bring- ing about the defeat of the New Dealers. “That is about all the message which the friends of Mr. Hoover carried to the members of the Republican Executive Committee yesterday, if that can be . Hoover’s, friends look ideal man to fill the The relative brain weight of the human when only the “psychencephalon” was considered. This is a word coined by | Prof. Dubois to describe the “mind” part | of the brain, as distinguished from those brain structures devoted to the mechan- ical behavior of the organism, such as the cerebellum, controlling balance, and the as breathing. etc. In respect to these man does not represent particular advance over-the lower animals. The human “psychencephalon,” how- ing evolutionary departure which ever took place. This mind part of the brain —including the cerebral the basal ganglia and parts-of the thala- | mus—is the outstanding character that distinguishes the genus homo from the rest of the animal kingdom. Otherwise man might be considered an inferior sort of great ape. Under Prof. Dubois’ hypothesis the link—so far as brain development is con- between the two. Thus, for example, the hares, large bats, etc., might be con- sidered the link between the shrews on the one hand and the cats and dogs on the other. In this sense there was truly great apes. It was the only missing link in the whole mammal brain chain. Did emerging mind suddenly violate the law a double jump? covered in 1932 and, on the basis of the new evidence obtained from them, came of a gigantic, big-brained gibbon instead of a very primitive human being. Now, in the gibbon family the weight of the body bears a relatively fixed pro- portion to the length of the thigh bone. Proceeding on the same formula, it was possible to calculate the probable body weight of the Java man. Then Prof. Dubois fitted this body weight into his psychencephalon formula to determine the relative index of the creature’s brain. It came out approximately one-half that of man and one-fourth that of the anthropoids. . Hence, if the hypothesis is accepted, the Java man—or, rather, the Java gib- bon—must have been the missing link between the anthropoids and the humans. Pardons. Prom the Shreveport (La.) Journal. Our observations convince us that the greatest “pardon board” yet constituted in this country is composed of one fond mother and a couple of doting grand- parents. : Opinions. Prom the Albuquerque (N. Mex.) Journal. A many people like to air their ;and after youre heard them, you agree that they not only need airing, but also disinfecting. Idlers. From the Macon (Ga.) Telegraph. © Why don’t the statisticians check up on the dove of peace, prosperity and the Italian King to see which has.been out of work the longest? N The advent of a human being rushing | animals, since in Nature there would | with which they would swim away. It | down at them from the top. In Nature | many of their enemies descend upon | them in exactly the same way. That is- The mosaic gourami is a superior fish | was not double, but quadruple, that of | the great apes. This was true especially | medulla with centers for such functions | ever, represents perhaps the most strik- | hemispheres, | cerned—between one race of animals and | another is the race whose brain weight | in relation to body weight falls half-way | a “missing link” between arian and the | it seemed to have set for itself and take | It seemed so until Prof. Dubois exam- | ined the new Pithecanthropus bones dis- | to the conclusipn that they were remains | | the boop-a-doop girls, one | same?—J. G. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer o any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Injormation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please tnclose stamp for reply. Q. I understand that while the late Senator Huey Long during his time in the United States Senate used more time on the floor than any other Sen- ator there is no legislation which bears his name. Is this true?—W. T. A. Col. Edward Halsey, secretary of the Senate, says that while no compu- tation has been made such a study would probably show that Majority Leader Senator Robinson occupied most time. Robinson, in conducting the administra- tion measures, occupied short spells every day, speaking for a few minutes several times, perhaps 20 times a day. Long made long speeches, but far apart. He was absent from the Senate for weeks at a time. The aggregate of Rob- inson’s many short speeches would make a fuller content than of Long’s long ones. Senator Long's name is not attached to any public law. He spent most of his time in opposition rather than in advo- cating constructive measures, Q. Are there more passenger auto- mobiles or telephones in the WUnited States?—D. C. C. A. There are approximately 21.500.- 000 passenger automobiles in the United States and 17,424,400 telephones. Q. Does the 40-hour week for postal employes include railway postal clerks?— J.H.R. A. The Post Office Department says that the new 40-hour week, planned to be effective October 1, 1935, will include railway postal clerks. IQA :lhat is an Ethiopian liquamaqua? A. A court and military official. His chief duty is to dress like and simulate the Emperor in battle so as to draw the enemy fire. There are several liqua- maquas attached to the Ethiopian court. It is a position of high distinction, and | on formal occasions these officials stand With the exception of the wonderful | little guppies, there are few fishes which | near the throne. Q. How old should turkeys be when ready for market?—S. K. A. They are usually 26 weeks old. Q. How tall is Lawrence Tibbett. the | operatic baritone?—H. H. A. He is 6 feet 1 inch in height. Q. What kind of handkerchief should be worn by a man with a business suit>—E. G. A. Either a handkerchief of colored linen or foulard to match or contrast with the necktie or a white linen hand- kerchief is correct. Q. Where did the dance called the polonaise originate?—T. D. A. In Poland. It was a slow, graceful dance in three-quarter time. Q. What is the source of the saying “The proof of the pudding is in the eat- ing"?—M. L. A It is from “Don Quixote,” chap- ter 24. Q. How many home runs did Babe Ruth make in organized base ball?— A. O. A. He is credited with 723 through | 1934. Of these 15 were made in world series games, Q. Who first used the word nocturne? ~C. C. A. The Etude says that the name noc- | turne was first used by the composer and pianist. John Field, to denote & | quiet. reflective kind of pianoforte piece. Its original meaning was a sort of serenade, and it was thus employed by Mozart. Q. How much canned corn can be made from a bushel of corn?—H. McK. A. An average yield of canned corn from one bushel is 7 to 9 quarts. Variations will occur with the size of the ears of corn and the style of pack, whether whole grain or cream style corn. Q. When were the first junior high schools established?—J. F. A. The junior high school began as an experiment about 1907. Q. Why does Mason and Dixon's line carry the idea of division between North and South?—S. M. A. This line fixed the boundary be- tween the free State of Pennsylvania and the slave States, Virginia and Mary- land. Q. What was the name of Roland's sword?—M. L. A. It was called Durindana or Dur- andal It was fabled to have once be- longed to Hector. It had in its hilt a thread from the Virgin Mary's cloak, a tooth of St. Peter, one of St. Denis’ hairs and a drop of St. Basil's blood. Roiand was the most famous of Charle- | magne’'s paladins. Q. What is known as the counter-revo- lution?—J. H. A. The reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church shortly after the Protestant Reformation. Q. Do the Palisades extend on both sides of the Hudsor River?—F. D. A. They extend on the west side of the river only. Q Are Helen Kane and Mae Questel, and the A. They are not. Helen Kane first vlayed in the Four Marx Brothers’ revue, after which she appeared in vaudeville acts and night clubs and was given an opportunity to appear at the Paramount Theater, in New York, where she won instant recognition with her “boop- boop-a-doop.” She has made several pictures for Paramount. Mae Questel is the voice of Betty Boop in the ani- mated cartoon “Betty Boop.” and also the voice of Olive Oyl in “Popeye the Sailor.” A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hnr'm'llrm + The First Leaves Fall. A group of trees, strong-growing in Sep= tember. a From verdant boughs seasoned by rain and sun, Before the - biting frosts of chill November. drifting earthward, ‘The leaves A group of friends, in life's strong years together. From out the ranks as yet immune to rust When one and then another slips life’s tether How strange in vital years—this dust to dust! 1