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" BRTISH ARGRAFT FAGTORES B0OM Production Rushed to Meet Italian Concentration Near Malta. By the Associated Press. LONDON, August 31.—British air- craft factories plunged into a 24-hour schedule to speed up production of fighting planes today in the wake of reports from Rome that Italy was con- centrating air forcés and submarines in Sicily, directly opposite the vital British naval base of Malta. The air minister sounded an urgent call for more pilots to operate the 2,000 new machines. It was announced that five new training camps will be established within six months. Sir Philip Sassoon, undersecretary for air, arranged to leave for a tour of factories throughout Britain to super- Vise the developments. As another move in the tightening of all branches of defense—with the Mediterranean fleet already steaming toward the Suez Canal—the British admiralty ordered the home fleet to start its maneuvers a week ahead of schedule. Ships of the home fleet concen- trated at Portland before setting out for the maneuver area, of Northeast- ern Scotland. With a critical session of the League of Nations Council only four days away, Anthony Eden, Minister for League affairs, bore the brunt of the swift-moving developments. Sir Samuel Hoare, foreign secretary, was stricken with arthritis and con- fined to his Norfolk home. Baldwin May Summon Cabinet. Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, returning from a vacation in France, September 4—the day of the League Council session—was expected s to summon a cabinet meeting, ready to deal with any® decision arising at Geneva. A grave warning from the foreign office that British citizens must not enlist on either side in fhe event of an Italo-Ethiopian War, was head- lined in the nation’s press. ‘The fact that any who disobeyed ‘were liable to imprisonment and fines, ‘was emphasized. RICKETT, PROMOTER, IS MYSTERY MAN XKnown as “Lawrence of Finance,” He Is “Man of Big Ideas,” Says British Friend. By the Associated Press. LONDON, August 31.—Francis M. Rickett, who is known in the Near East as the “Lawrence of Finance,” has long been a mystery man behind negotiations in that part of the world, London business circles said today. He was once a director of a British oil development company which was granted concessions along the Tigris by Emir Feisal of Iraq. His name did not appear in the directory of that company, however, or of the com- pany by which it was later absorbed. In addition to a London home, Rickett has a country place at Great Shefford, Berkshire. Only servants are there now. He is master of hounds of the famous Craven Hunt in Berkshire and also owns a castle in Wales. He was described by one of his friends as “a man of tremendously big ideas who has carried out nego- tiations for big undertakings in many parts of Europe and the Near East.” “Rickett is always dashing off here and there and 1t is nothing for him to charter a special airplane to go on business abroad,” the informant said. —_— A. F. G. E. TO CONSIDER EXPANSION IN STATES Plans to Vote at Convention on Accepting City and County White-Collar Workers. Permission to organize State, county and municipal white-collar workers is being sought in a proposed amend- ment to the American Federation of Government Employes’ constitution by F. E. R. A. Lodge, No. 139. ‘The question will be voted on at the A. F. G. E. convention, September 9 to 12, at Cincinnati. Adoption of the proposal, it was said, would open up a fleld to the federation of between two and three million prospective mem- bers. At present there is no national or- ganization for these workers, a state- ment pointed out, though many cities have strong employe organizations and some are operating temporarily under Federal charters from the A. F. of L. Executioner Is Guarded. MADRID, August 31 (#).—The Spanish government gave its official executioner a bodyguard today in an- ticipation of a stern campaign to put down Extremist agitation. The last executioner was killed by gangsters three days after he had garroted an Extremist leader, Andres Arando. FREE_SAND VEL MIXTURE, sul.able for roadways. rough concrete, fill, gren, free OND ORKS. t COTT. Blair rd. and Underwood st. u.". 1 WILL NOT s . 1 st._n.w. 31 'ES BALE, Bring_your, e Sentatner- Ar Rives 39 200D 108 o Phone Georgis 5387 Complete Sy o SR g be e cars, it Pl ol s AR PEACHES — PEACHES e, D Rakvie Ma. ELBERTA PEACHES AP QUAINT ACRES, Choice ello freestones for 3 DEAL FUNERAL .Am‘ $7 - 0 service as one 0o ? IR e RDER P. GINGER ALE NOW FOR LABOR "DAY. NO DELIVERIES MADE ON MONDAY, SEPT. ~ 2. SAMUEL C. PALMER | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1935.: MUSSOLINI ADDS || Black Eagle Takes Charge ||W.E NREYNOLDS - Details of Ethiopian Deal Delaware Company Gets Exclusive Rights to Prospect for Petroleum and Other Substances. lowing is a broad outline of the official text of the conven- tions signed conced- ing vast regions in Ethiopia for devel- opment by the African Development Exploration Corp. of the United States. The preamble describes the African Development Exploration Corp. as & Delaware company. It grants ex- clusive right to the corporation to explore, prospect, drill and to extract and render suitable for trade petrol- eum, naphtha, natural gases, ozocerite and all other bituminous substances, also iodine from salt water of any wells drilled and the right to dispose of these products with their deriva- tives. At the expiration of 75 years all rights will terminate and all the com- pany’s land and buildings, as well as wharves, roads, pipe lines, railway machinery, plants and fixtures, be- come the property of the government. Surveys to Start in One Year. The company one year after date shall begin geological survey in the defined areas. The company’s serv- ants and agents shall furnish power to any part of the area free of charge. ‘Within five years the company must start drilling. Thereafter drilling op- erations will be continued by three rigs until a sufficient area has been tested and petroleum discovered in sufficient quantities to meet Ethiopian requirements and 2,500,000 tons an- nually to meet the requirements of the company’s export trade. As soon as a pipeline outlet is commercially justifiable in the judg- ment of the company, and always providing there is taken for a stand- ard of measurement an oil of viscosity and flowing properties from the Baba Gurgur structure in Irak, the com- pany shall start the construction of a pipeline and complete it as rapidly a8 possible, provided that access to & suitable port for loading tank ves- sels is made available by the Ethlo- plan government or the particular government which controls the port. Pipeline Must Come in Four Years, If the order for a pipeline is not placed within four years after access to a suitable port, the company shall thereupon abandon all rights. In that event the government acquires at a price equal to their commercial value any wells, excluding the oil therein, also pipelines, refineries and other works in use or under construction, for supplying Ethiopia’s requirements. Subject to fulfillment of some speci- fied requirements the company shall borings as long as they are economic- ally productive and limit damage to surface lands to what is necessary for operation. The company obligates itself to de- liver immediately and gratuitously an- tiquities found during the operations. The company shall make and keep at its office in Ethiopia correct and | intelligible plans of all borings, work- ings and operations and furnish the government within six months after the end of each year a report of its operations and within 30 days after the end of each month a statement of the depth drilled in each well with | the result obtained. Upon the request of the government it will furnish copies of all maps and plans made by the company’s staff and such other reports as may reasonably be required. All such will be treated as confiden- | tial by the government. Royalties Not Disclosed. Article eight, which concerns roy- alties, does not disclose the amounts involved. It also stipulates that the company shall have free all natural gas used in the operations. The company, if required by the government, shall produce sufficient petroleum and refine from it such gasoline, kerosene and fuel oil as is required for local consumption. When refining is commenced no petroleum can be exported until Ethiopian re- quirements are met and a reserve established. The price at which the Ethiopian requirements shall be sold by the com- pany shall be “fair. and reasonable,” having regard for the cost of produc- tion, refining and marketing and al- lowing a reasonable profit to the com- pany. Representatives of the government will have at all reasonable times, and to a reasonable extent, the right to inspect the company’s operations. In the® event of a state of emer- gency, of which the governmen: is the sole judge, the company must do its utmost to supply petroleum and its. products to the government to the extent required. Subject to certain limitations the company may erect and use tele- graphie, telephonic and radio appara- tus within Ethiopia for the purposes of the convention without charge, observing the government’s laws re- goveriment has the right at any time, if the interests of the public require, to purchase any -telegraphic PHONE WEST | maintain in good working order all| specting such comfmunications. The | development. rights and operations are not inter- fered with. May Mine Valuable Minerals. Article 20 defines the right cf the Government to obtain any substances other than those enumerated, except on land occupled by the company's wells. If in the course of the com- pany’s aperations deposits of precious metals, stones and valuable minerals are discovered, and if a prior right exists in favor of a third party under » mining concession granted prior to the discovery, the company shall, by filing & demand with the Government within 30 days, be entitled to a preference in the granting of a con- cession for exporting such minerais. If the company exploits any such mining concession it shall be required to form, or cause to be formed, a separate company of Ethiopian na- tionality. Article 21 permits the company to remove such surface oil, timber, clay, ballast, lime, gympsum, stone and similar substances belonging to the government as is necessary for opera- tions and also to remove or use any water belonging to the government within Ethiopia necessary to the operations but not prejudicing exist- ing firrigation or navigation or de- priving lands, houses and cattle of a reasonable supply. May Use Railroads. Article 22 entitles the company to use in its operations any raliway, tramway, road, canal, river waterway or port in Ethiopia upon the payment of the charges ordinarily imposed for such an industrial undertaking. Article 23 stipulates that nothing in the convention shall exempt the com- pany from any tax on internal con- sumption or other internal tax now or in the future, provided such taxes be of general application in Ethiopia, not discriminatory against the petro- leum industry or of a confiscatory nature. v Under article 24 the company is en- titled to import, free of customs duties | or other taxes, all materials, machin- ery, plants and stores necessary for finding, producing, marketing, storing and transporting the substances de- fined in the convention. This exemp- tion from customs duties will exist for 21 years. Ethiopian Labor. Article 25 stipulates that the com- pany’s employes within Ethiopia must jects, but managers, marketers, engi- neers, chemists, refiners, drillers, me- chanics and other skilled workmen and clerks may be brought from abroad if qualified persons of these descriptions is practicable, and as early as pos- sible, train Ethiopians in these capaci- ties. Article 26 concerns compensation to all company agents or employes in- jured in the service. The company is authorized, at its own expense, to engage guards necessary for the pro- tection of the enterprise and its per- sonnel. The government will give all possible assistance to the company for the purpose of facilitating and establishing pacific relations with the local population. To this end the government will appoint a magistrate residing in the locality and acceptable to the company which shall provide him a suitable residence and salary. May Form Subsidiarfes, Article 27 gives the government the right to use, for official business and exclusively, the company’s railway bridges, wharves, telegraphs and tele- Article 28 gives the company the liberty to form one or more subsidiary companies under its own control for working out the agreement if it is con- sidered necessary. Such subsidiaries shall have the same right and privi- tly ernment all rights under the agree- ment upon a three-month notice of its intention. ‘War Danger Provided For. It such notice is not given not later than 30 years after the date of the 8 1§ e azégégé i ; fl%‘é?é be as far as possible Ethiopian sub- | cannot be found in Ethiopia. It is| provided the company will, so far as | The shaded area shows the section of Ethiopin deeded by Emperor Haile Selassie to American and British interests for exploitation and |Sitating more sacrifices, you will do ~—Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. event of a dispute between the com- pany and the government not being settled otherwise, it shall be referred to two arbitrators, one chosen by each party, who will select a referee. In the event that the arbitrators fail to agree upon a referee they will request the president of the Perma- nent Court of International Justice to appoint one. The place of arbitra- tion shall be agreed upon by the partfes and, in default, shall be at The Hague. Under article 33, the company un- dertakes to open an office at Addis Abada within six months. Under article 34 any action taken by the government shall be by such a minister or other person as the Council of Ministers may nominate. Article 35, the last, provides that in the event of any discrepancies be- tween the Amharic (Ethiopian) and English versions of the convention, the English version will prevail. The convention was signed by Wolde Maryam Ayeleu, minister of mines, and by Prancis W. Rickett. It was wit- nessed by Everett Colsen, an American, who is financial adviser to Ethiopia. Ethiopia (Continued From First Page.) Italy occupied Ethiopia, it would not attempt to challenge can and British rights in a concess’ 1 area. Proposals made to the Emperor re- garding Lake Tana involve construc- tion of a gigantic dam and pumping stations, increasing the output from the lake to the Nile and not only assuring an adequate water supply in perpetuity for the Sudan and Egypt, but also enabling cultivation of thou- | sands of now sterile acres. This correspondent was informed satisfactory possible solution of the Lake Tana problem which has long been an international bone of contention. Surveys by U. S. Firm. The first step of the new company, if this concession was granted, would be to confirm surveys made by the J. G. White Co. of New York, financed by the Egyptian government at a cost of $300,000 and completed only last June, Rickett said he would be glad to company’s participation in the enter- prise, and the Emperor also was be- lieved to be anxious that White par- ticipate. Rickett insisted that development of no war.” As he boarded a special airplane for Cairo yesterday, Rickett said: “I should like to say to Mussolini, who is an old friend, that there is | plenty of room for Italy to partici- pate in the exploitation of such a hospitable land as Ethiopia without resorting to war.” Rickett sald he had had relations with Italy in connection with the marketing of Mesopotamian oil. Rickett defined the exploitation area as extending from the frontier of Italy’s colony of Eritrea in the North, along the fortieth longitude to the Hawash River, where it is crossed by the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway over a deep gorge forming a natural boundary and thence in a straight line southwest to Lake Ru- dolph, where it meets the Kenya frontier. Grave Move, Says Paris. PARIS, August 31 (P).—Officials here today viewed as a grave develop- 750 per renewal fees. confer .with White concerning that | the oil flelds would proceed, “war or | 200,000 SOLDIERS More Than 1,000,000 Will Be Under Arms in Italy Next Month. By the Associated Press. WITH THE ITALIAN ARMY, BOL- ZANO, August 31.—Premier Mussolini told the soldiers of his great army en- gaged in war maneuvers today that 200,000 more men will be called to the colors next month, to bring the number under arms to more than a ‘million. “The world should know yet again,” he said, “that as long as one talks absolutely und provocatively of sanc- tions we will not give up one soldier, one saflor or one aviator.” (The British cabinet at a session in London last week was reported to have decided to propose to the League of Nations Council that sanctions— penalties against an aggressor—be in- voked if necessary to enforce a set- tlement of the Italo-Ethiopian dis- pute.) Comments on Morale. ‘The maneuvers which have been going on for the last week on the Austrian border, he said, demonstrated the morale of the army and had shown that “If tomorrow the country requires you to perform duties neces- it with enthusiasm, courage and res- olute decision until the very end.” Military authorities said that they believed I1 Duce’s mention of the re- cruiting of 200,000 more men in Sep- tember included 150,000 already an- nounced as having been called to arms recently. King and Bglbo Near. 1l Duce stood on a platform over- looking an extended green valley where all the men who have been marching and counter-marching for the past week were drawn up in ex- tended ranks. King Victor Emmanuel and Italo Balbo, bearded aviator and governor of Libya, stood near him. Just be- fore the speech the Trento motorized division pounded by in hundreds of trucks. HURLEY HITS TREND WATERTOWN, 8. Dak., August 31 (P) —Patrick J. Hurley, Secretary of War in the Hoover cabinet, declared in an address before the South Dakota State Bar Association yesterday that “government by executive legislation” is leading America toward despotism. Asserting that executive legislation is not a unique experience, but “is in fact merely retracing an old and definite pattern,” he compared “the present Executive orders” with mon- archical proclamations of the past. The issue taking definite form in the United States today, he said, is “the American system of federated decen- tralized Government versus the Old World system of centralized control.” ment in the Italo-Ethiopian crisis the granting by Ethiopia of vast conces- sions to American and British con- cerns. ‘They said they were uncertain what the effect would be until they could get authoritative English and Italian reaction. Unofficially the opinion was ex- to English houses, would give the Ital- ians an opportunity to say that the British stand on principles had merely masked business aspirations. It might be considered also, these unofficial sources indicated, as a vio- lation of the treaty of 1906, which | provides for consultation between England, France and Italy over mat- ters affecting Ethiopia. If the coficessions are largely Amer- ican, these unofficial sources agreed that Mussolini would be likely to get an empty shell should he take over | Ethiopia and that he might decide it | was not worth fighting for. Minimized in London. LONDON, August 31 (#)—British officials today treated with reserve re- ports that Ethiopia had granted vast concessions to British and American concerns, but said that the last thing the British government would want to do under the present circumstance would be to give any support of any nature to an enterprise of the char- Government departments, ir the ab- sence of official reports, showed every inclination to minimize the impor- tance of the concessions. Officials pointed out that the British govern- ment had given no official or unoffi- clal backing to any concession in Ethiopia. They recalled that even on the sub- Ject of Lake Tana, source of irriga- tion water for the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Sir Samuel Hoare, foreign min- ister, had stated in the House of Com- mons July 9 that the British govern- ment favored postponement of any agreement regarding its development because it wanted to take no steps which might aggravate the Italo- Ethiopian controversy. REAL ESTATE LOANS now being made on terms as low as 1000 Per Month Po;pom-l offers a hew and attractive mortgage loan ... . @ rcduction of 25% on monthly repayments. Actually lower than paying rent. No commission or For funds to purchase a home . . . to make desired home it'’s the— improvements or to refinance existing. trusts PERPETUAL BUILDING ASSOCIATION 11th and E Sts. N. W. The Largest in W ARTHUR G. BISHOP Chairman of the Board over $36,000,000 MARVIN A CUSTIS Presiden? : _ EDWARD C. BALTZ, Secretary : A e B . pressed that the concessions, if partly | Col. Hubert Julian, the “Black Italy, The colonel is wearing boots, Senators (Continued Prom First Page.) understood to be a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. Among diplomatic observers, there ‘was a disposition to believe that while such a transaction might raise inter- national problems in the future, it most likely would not involve this country directly in any conflict be- tween Italy and Ethiopia. The news of the deal arrives at a time when the United States is em- barking on a new and precedent- shattering neutrality policy. recently passed, and President Roose- velt moved to sign today, a resolution calling, among other things, for a mandatory embargo on arms and am- munition to belligerent nations, Embargo New Policy. ‘This emblrgo clause is a new thing in American policy since it compels the President to declare an embargo “upon the outbreak or during the progress of war” between two foreign nations, rather than leaving it to the Chief Executive’s discretion. This legislation was passed amid statements by Senators and Repre- sentatives that Europe was in a state of crisis and that the United States must steer its course now so as to avoid any entanglement. Observers seeking a clue as to this Government’s attitude in case Amer- ican property rights should be men- aced in any Italian-Ethiopian en- counter recalled that the United States already has warned Americans they should leave Ethiopia in case of hostilities. It was said to be impossi- ble for this country to afford them personal protection. Observers here remembered that what he termed a “good neighbor” policy pledging the United States never again to intervene in Latin America to protect American interests. This policy was enunciated specifi- cally with regard to this hemisphere, {but the administration has given no indication any other course would be followed elsewhere in the world. Damage Claims Possible. Such a policy does not, of course, preclude the possibility of American claims for damages in case property owned by nationals of the United States is injured or destroyed in wars in which the United States is neutral. Such a course has been followed sev- eral times in the past. Information about the undeveloped resources of Ethiopia is far from com- :plm, although it is known to con- tain oil and mineral wealth and water power capable of vast production of electricity, Officials of the National Geographic Society recalled today the keen in- | played in Lake Tana. ican interests was reported in 1928, but as early as 1902 Great Britain’s representatives discussed with Ethi- opia the purchase of control of Lake Tana. Only recently American en- gineers surveyed routes to the lake and possible dam sites. Gold in Area. Oil found thus far has been in Eastern Ethiopia, the society said. found in streams of south- num mining firm has produced 2,500 ounces annually. coal, iron snd potash have been found also in Ethiopia, but no of domestic and wild animals, coffee, grain, domestic butter and wax. Attention has been focused on Lake Tana fbr several reasons. Eng- Established 1879 President Roosevelt has enunciated | | terest American engineers have dis- | Rivalry between British and Amer- | and western provinces. A plati- | 5248 WIS Eagle of Harlem,” is shown in action at Addis Ababa as he drilled Ethiopian troops for the impending war with but his soldiers are barefooted. ~—Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. land has been vitally concerned be- cause from Tana flows the Blue Nile, which unites, 1,000 miles to the north, with the White Nile in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, to form the Greater Nile, In the short distance of 30 miles, too, the Blue Nile drops 2,000 feet over precipices and through gorges admirably suited for erection of vast power plants and dams. Construc- tion of a dam, too, close to the lake’s outlet would control the upper reaches of the Nile, where the greatest flow | nearer the sea, the Geographic Society | says. SIXMARINE UNIONS SEEK NEW PACTS {Notice Given of Desire to Change Agreements With Firms. By the Associated Press. SAN FRANCISCO, August 31.—Six marine unions, whose membership plans a vital part in coast shipping were on record today-as seeking changes in present working agree- ments with employers, contracts with whom were automatically renewed by other maritime workers. Lest midnight, all of the contracis were automatically renewed for an- | other year except in the six cases where notice was given that changes were desired. The six unions filing formal notice were the Marine Engineers’ Bene- | ficial Association, the Sailors’ Union of the Pacific, the Pacific Coast amd Wipers' Association, the Marine Cooks and Stewards’ Association, the | Radio Telegraphists, and the Masters, Mates and Pilots’ Association. While no demands were set forth in the notices filed, it was believed most of the unions desjred ix¥proved working conditions, shorter hours and more pay. Union leaders said specific requests will be presented when conferences ‘m held with &mployers’ representa- tives. clared in paid advertisements they would not agree to any demands by | the men for changes in the existing | contracts or the arbitration awards which followed e 1934 marine strike. WOODWARD 10™I™F a0 G StREET® All Day comes at a time when least needed | Marine Firemen, Ollers, Watertenders | Earlier in the week, employers de- | PIPRES N AUTD Son Finds Body of ,Motor Company Official, Appar- ently Heart Victim. William E. McReynolds, 57, = prominent figure in the automobile business here since 1900, was found dead this morning in his automobile parked near his home, 2311 Connecti~ cut avenue, ‘The body was found by a son only & few minutes after Mr. McReynolds had left home for the McReynolds Motor Co., with which he is now associated. ‘The son, William E., jr, who had left the house only a few minutes after Mr. McReynolds, noticed the body slumped in the front seat of the car, but did not immediately recognize it as that of his father. An ambulance was summoned snd the body taken to the District Morgue. It is believed death was caused by heart attack, but no coroner’s verdict had been issued late this morning. Widow and Sons Survive, He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Elsle McReynolds; two sons, William E, jr, and Harry, and a brother, Joseph, owner of the McReynolds Mo- tor Co., with which Mr. McReynolds had been associated. Originally in the automobile paint- ing and body business, he was later ! agent for Nash automobiles. Native of Capital. A native of Washington, he had been educated in the schools here. *‘He was a member of the Masonic order and the Rotary Club and for & num- | ber of years had been active in affairs | of St. Thomas' Episcopal Church. | Funeral arrangements had not been | completed late this morning. Italy (Continued From First Page.) nct formed any official opinion con- | cerning thre future legal status of the | conceded territory. Although international codes pro- vide generally for continued validity of concessions despite a change in regime, Italy, it was explained, might easily protest the concessions once she had entered Ethiopia, because it is thought here they may have been made as a last minute effort to keep Italy from what she considers her rightful penetration of the East Afri- can kingdom. | On the other hand, it was said, Italy may easily take the view that British and American companies will furnish welcome elements in a territory which she feels it her responsibility to eivilize and develop in all its possibilities and resources. | Well-informed sources close to the | government indicated they were pleased at reports from Washington that the American State Department | had stated that the granting of con- | cessions could in no way modify the | United States attitude of strict neu- | trality in the Italo-Ethiopian affair. ! Bullets Used in Drill. | Real shells and bullets whistled | over the heads of the regiments yes- | terday as they advanced under the | eyes of I Duce and King Victor i Emanuel. | The maneuvers brought one death | and one injury when a shell explodes ! too near a group of soldiers of the | Brenner infantry division as they charged up s hill. The artillery fire | came from behind to cover their ad | vance. Mussolini visited the injured man |1n & hospital, The demonstrations, givem before military representatives of foreign nations, were to accustom Italy’s sol- diers to the fire of their own big guns. 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