Evening Star Newspaper, May 14, 1935, Page 10

% ¢ A—10 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, MAY 14, 195, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN, THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY........May 14, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11th 8t “And Pennisivanta Ave and_ Penney : New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Ghicheo Sfce” Lake Michizan Bullding ropean Office. 14 Rf!enl St. London. Englan Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening Star_ . .. 45¢per month Evening and Sunday Star e ndays) 60c per month unday Star ndays) . ... .65¢ per month .Bc per copy 70¢ per month 55¢ per month the end of each sent by mail or iht Final and Sune ight Pinal Star. . .. Collection mada af onth. Orders may be lephone National 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Bafly *nd Sunday .1sr.810.00: 1 mo it 1 1yr. only . $6.00: 1 mo.. Sinday onty | 1y’ $4.00: 1 mo. All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday 1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only 1rl 8800 on :1mo. 786 Sunday onl 1yr. $5.00: 1mo. 60c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatcl es credited to it or not other- wise credited in this Daper and also the locul news published herein _ All rights of Dublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved 85 B0 40c Well-Timed, Deserved Criticism. Justice Hitz accompanies his blis- tering and well-timed indictment of irresponsible automobile drivers in Washington with two concrete sug- | gestions for remedy, one of which lies within the power of the courts to ac- | self in those circles. At the same time, becoming & Japanese outpost in South- eastern Asia. If its 200,000 square miles and 12,000,000 of population were to go the way of Formosa, Ko- rea and Manchuria, Japanese terri- tory and power would be extended to the border of British India, in Burma, and to French Indo-China. That is a prospect that fills the British in particular with mixed emotions. If ever realized, it might require impor- tant revisions of imperial policy. Japan has profited before when the Western powers had other fish to fry far remote from Asia. It is just possible that the Tokio imperialists are flirting with the idea of peaceful penetration in Sfam at what they deem to be another psychological moment. vt Politics—Just Politics. Some of President Roosevelt's po- litical advisers are out to bring the bonus bacon home for Mr. Roosevelt if they can. Their plan, it is report- ed, is to have the President issue a strong veto message of the Patman “greenback” soldiers bonus bill. At the same time there is to be enough slackening of the efforts to hold ad- ministration Senators in line to per- mit the veto of the bill to be over- | ridden in the Upper House. In this | way, it is contended, the President | will be able to have his cake and eat it, too. By his veto message he will make a strong appeal to the conserva. tives and the business interests of the country, which have feared currency | inflation, thereby strengthening him- | the Government to send him to jail. cept and apply, the other resting with | with the bonus enacted into law by a Congress. How long will it be before vote of the Senate overriding the veto, the defenscless citizen, whose life and | the World War veterans and their whose property are daily endangered | friends, not to mention the inflation- through the very lack of such reme- | ists, will be satisfied. The veterans will dies, receives the benefits of reforms have their money and the inflationists | which he is powerless to bring about | their greenbacks. himself? | This is the kind of scheme, however, | It is an intolerable condition which | which could succeed only if the ma- permits fatal or incapacitating injuries neuvers were conducted in the utmost to citizens without hope of recovering | secrecy. The people in the country | partially compensating damages from 'who do not like currency inflation | the person responsible for such in- | and who do not believe that it is ad- | juries. Yet that condition in Wash- | visable to pay the soldiers’ bonus at | ington is aggravated by the circum- | this time, if they thought they were stances which are picturesquely and | being flimflammed by the administra- accurately described by Justice Hitz tion, would scarcely look with confi- as follows: dence or regard toward the Chief | 1 and authorities in opposition to de- | a trip to Washington at a time of year when most farmers are pretty busy at home, or to give the interest- ing details of how the farmers per- fected in such a short time their ex- cellent organization, extending from Georgia to Minnesota, which brought them all here at the same time. It is only healthy curiosity to want to know and the farmers should tell. But perhaps the most interesting commentary on the times that this unusual farmers’ march has written is the fact that general surprise and interest is created by a demonstration of faith in and good will toward the Government—regardless of howv care- fully staged that demonstration might be. Washington is used to bonus marches, hunger marches, other farm- ers’ marches and various marches of the discontented, come to town to air their grievances against the Gov- ernment. But a delegation of citi- zens who journey to their Capital to say that ‘everything is lovely and the goose hangs high — well, can you blame the average American for regarding it with suspicion? estic Course of the Law. A man who has the money to retain skilled counsel may, in the exercise of his rights as a citizen under the Con- stitution, keep the courts busy for a considerable length of time in de- fending himself against the efforts of As witness the case of Sam Beard: October 5, 1934—Arrested in & raid on the Mather Building. December 14—Indicted on a gam- | bling charge. December 21—Enters plea of not guilty and posts bond. December 28—Plea of not guilty withdrawn and plea in abatement filed. Januery 2, 1935—Government filed demurrer to plea in abatement. January 7—Memorandum of polmsi | murrer filled by defense. January 18—Government's demur-‘ ‘Why is it that a garden looks so much better some days than others? It is a fact. Usually it has nothing at all to do with a well mowed and trimmed lawn, as one might at first suppose. Even stranger, it seems to depend very little upon the flowers, whether or not they are in bloom at the par- ticular time. Every home gardener has known such a time, when the entire yard appeared at its best, for a variety of reasons scarcely to be ascertained. One always hopes that friends will call at such times, but they seldom do, usually waiting for things to look at their poorest. * ok ok x One may come to feel that the sheer state of the atmosphere has & great deal to do with it. On certain days, even at certain hours, there must be just the right amount of water vapor in the air to transform an otherwise dull spot into a picture, Perhaps on days before rains this effect is most noticeable, Sometimes, just a few hours before & rain, although at the time the sun is shining, everything will appear at its garden best. Fortunate 1is the beauty-loving mind and heart able to realize that this is the perfect moment. R Gardens exist for these times. All the rest of their existence is but a working up to this. During these perfect moments they fairly shine. ‘The curious-minded home owner will wonder if the casual eye could note it. Perhaps the closest acquaintance is necessary, in order that the frac- tion of a difference may be noticed. | It is not large. It will never “knock | your eye out” or call especial atten- | tion to itself. | There is no ballyhoo or propaganda | about it. This small difference de-; mands something else, and neither compels the beholder to notice it nor threatens him if he should not. Compulsion, in regard to it, is non- existent. Perhaps this is the real rea- son of reasons why it is eminently | beautiful. It is doubtful whether the best things in life can be gained by | rer argued and sustained. January 23—Demurrer to end mo- | tion to quash indictment filed by defense. February 12—Government filed points and authorities in opposition | commands. Though the greatest dictator of all | stands in our way, and with clenched | fists and frowning brows commands us | to admire something, we do it or not, | in mind and soul, only when we please. | Admiration by words is not the same Hundreds of these taxicabs fiving Executive. It is true that the veterans | 'O the demurrer and motion to quash. | thing. the false colors of an incorporated re- might be satisfied, if they were paid | sponsibility which they assume but do . ¥ @ Mot possess, and which disappears at °f: and would not hold his veto mes- | every attempt to enforce it, daily are | sage against the President. Perhaps | dashing about our streets in Y.h;l hands | these advisers of the President who of youthful drivers, irresponsible, un- point out the virtues of their plan insured and driving on speculation. remember what happened to the late The sole objection to an adequate | president Calvin Coolidge. In 1924 compulsory liability law for taxicab wmr Coolidge vetoed the bill that set owners and operators lies in the SUB- yp the first definite claim of the gestion that such a law might Put | veterans to the bonus. In the Senate, some of them out of business. But | g i the House, the veto was over- what about the case of the fireman, | in which Justice Hitz gave this dis- senting opinion, who has been injured for life while in the performance of his duty, and who, through an un- ridden with the aid of Republican votes. Mr. Coolidge was elected Presi- dent in the following November, and if the veterans felt any resentment they did not show it at the polls, nor convincing technicality of the 1aw, iS did the business interests of the | unable to recover damages from the | country. | person responsible for his Injury? 1t is hardly conceivable that the And the fireman is by no means the president of the United States could single victm of such conditions. ' countenance such a plan. To do so There have been many others, and ' would mean a veto of the Patman bill there will continue to be others until with a mental reservation. There | adequate legislative remedy is pro- are, however, those within the presl-j vided. | dential circle who are not averse to | The safety-responsibility 1aw, re- | the payment of the soldiers’ bonus now, | cently enacted, represented & step in|and with greenbacks. The chairman | the right direction. But it was only 'of the Reconstruction Finance Corpo- | & step. It requires a showing of finan- | ration, Jesse Jones, in an address to | cial responsibility on the part of cer- | North Carolina bankers, said the coun- tain careless or reckless drivers after | try could stand the payment, of $2,300, an accident—but not before. Itshould 000,000 as a bonus to the veterans be followed by a law requiring, as Jus- | now, and that it would be a val- tice Hitz suggests, “a system of com- | uable thing to get the issue out of pulsory insurance preliminary to ! politics. Marriner S. Eccles, gover- license of either cab or driver, such as | nor of the Federal Reserve Board, prevails in some of our States, but told the Senate Banking Committee | which can be created here only by act ' that the issuance of the greenbacks | of Congress.” to pay the bonus would really be no . more inflation than the issuance of France is studying possibilitles of | Government bonds. These state- R Soviet association. France had one ments, coming at a time when the commune and may be hopeful that fyte of the bonus hangs in the bal- her voice of experience may be able ' ance, were not calculated to strength- to guide the Russian variety to 8 more en the group which planned to vote satisfactory demonstration. | to sustain a presidential veto. And | e ]—T | now it is reported that one of the ompiaint concerning radlo Pro-|y..p.e ranking officials of the ad- grams is being organized. More in- ministration is giving the same kind tellectuality is demanded, but popular | . advice, to override the veto entertainment bas never yet been di- | qyo etoranc ore being used, ihitnis Fecied by /e braim truse | matter, by the inflationists. The lat- e 5 1 5 ter realize that the demand for the . S o SR | payment of the bonus is strong in Since the menace of Hitlerlsm has | jie)r o they have saddled on the engrossed the attention of the world, | ponys bill a proposal that starts the especially in the realm of European | Government printing presses making affairs, relatively lttle thought has|money Tt is a dangerous step that been bestowed upon developments in | may start a disastrous fiight from the the Far East. In that circumstance | gojar Mr. Eccles should remember may lie the explanation of news that | that when the Government issues its Japanese influence is spreading in|yonq to raise a couple of billions of Siam at so alarming a rate that the | Gonar it obtains real value. On the representatives of Western powers at ‘ other hand, when the Government Bangkok are calling upon the BOVern- | uqonis the expecient of printing money ment to throw light on certain dis- | ¢ 45 yrying 1o take something out of Quieting developments. | the air to pay the veterans. While Japan embarked upon fits great! this may not seem a matter of great Manchurian adventure in the Fall of | 1 rt: . ), it is. 1931 at a moment when Tokio reck- e N Eoseh perharelfls —— e | My Radio! oned that Europe and America were | #0 preoccupied with their own trou- bles, mainly the depression, that the | militarists’ program in North China might be launched with little or no risk of obstruction. Those calculations proved to be well founded. The estab- lishment of the “Empire of Manchu- kuo” is proof that the gamble, from | Nippon’s standpoint, turned out to be | completely successful. ‘The Bangkok authorities deny that Siam is being swung intentiorally into Tokio’s orbit, but there are many indications that the populous little kingdom lately ruled by Prajadhipok is coming more and more to look upon neighboring and powerful Japan | as the “most favored nation.” Gov- ernment officials, notwithstanding un- mistakable signs of Japanese influ- ence, insist that the two countries are “close” friends only geographical- ly. Foreign ministers at Bangkok are assured that Siam is just as eager as outside powers to keep the nation independent, but there seems to be no gainsaying that commercial- 1y, politically and culturally ties with Japan are being notably strengthened. ‘There are insistent reports that some sort of Siamese-Japanese special treaty has been signed. Great Britain especially looks with When time is being saved by the use of initials, a billion dollars might as well be referred to as ABD. — e+ Lo! The Happy Farmer. When a man bites a dog or when | thousands of farmers come to Wash- ington by train, bus and automobile to give three long cheers for the Government it is news. So Washing- | ton is glad to extend the hand of wel- | come to the pilgrim farmers who have | come to town with that mission. It | is not altogether surprising that the | farmers should be thankful to the A. | A. A. or to the administration for the wonders that have been wrought by processing taxes and benefits for ploughing under. Lesser things have moved men to gratitude before. But when a farmer says he is satisfied with a farm-relief program and is willing to come to Washington to say so—well, that sort of thing does not happen every day. If there are tongues in the cheeks of observers of this spontaneous ex- pression of gratitude toward an agency that is now fighting a battle for its existence under a deluge of criticism, it is because of the failure of the farmers to explain, without reserva- tion, the source of the funds which disfavor upon the u*xmr.y of Siam’s defrayed the nm&r,*lvy expenses of | luckier in dodgin’ March 5—Demurrer and motion to quash argued and submitted to judge. | Msgrch 6—Demurrer and motion overruled. March 11—Plea of not guilty filed. March 12—Stipulation filed as to two defendants. | March 15—Defense filed motion for | bill of particulars; argued and | granted in part. March 19—Bill of particulars filed by Government. April 28—Trial started. May 6—Verdict of guilty returned. released on bond. May 10—Affidavits charging coer- cion filed by defense. New trial asked. May 14—Hearing to be held on affidavits. ——— Definite statement is made that President Roosevelt will veto soldier bonus legislation and no less confident assertion is made that the veto will be | voted down. Bitter as the argument may become, it may still have influence | in keeping the U. §. A. out of another | war. | ———————— | Paderewskl may return to Polish | leadership. Gen. Dawes has proved | that & man may be both a great musi- | cian and a great statesman. S War maneuvers for experimental | demonstration are undesirably realistic | when they include actual fatalities. e e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Think Promoter, My radio! You bring good cheer to me. Though oft opinions you will show | With which I can't agree. Sometimes your mood is sunny, Sometimes it's rather sad; The world is either funny Or else it's just too bad. My radio! My radio! You often make me think Of words I really should not know, Caught from perdition’s brink. You make me think, I must admit, And that should help a lot— Though what about, I must admit, | Should mostly be forgot. A Sad Philosophy. “Aren’'t you proposing too many laws?” “Maybe,” said Senator Sorghum. “But some of my more prosperous friends like them. The more laws there are the more profitable becomes the pull that permits evasion.” Jud Tunkins says killing off hogs may have aroused hopes of the old- fashioned pork barrel that contained plain cash. Balmless. Though money may reward romance When cruel lawyers take a chance And very thriftily insist That heart balm may perhaps exist. When of new pictures there's a crop From brushes that refuse to stop We drop our H's and declare, “There is no ‘art balm anywhere.” Publicity Profit. “Do you think good plays win lit- erary prizes?” “Not necessarily,” Stormington Barnes, agers often do.” The New Booking. A happy farmer I would be And get my vegetables free, Receiving what the Nation pays For crops I do not have to raise. I used to think a life of toil Was necessary to the soil. My present hopes are newly set, The less I do the more I get. answered Mr. ‘but good man- “Some men,” said Uncle Eben, “get de reputation of bein’ wiser dan others simply because dey has been uences.” | these possibilities. Often enough it is possible to dis- miss the polite command by words to | the effect that “Oh, yes» it is very| pretty,” when all the time one thinks | the effect atrocious. It is the same with Government | buildings, with gardens, with pic- | tures. No one really can command | us, after all. The tighter the dictator- ship, the more lip-service, that is all. A | out of it, and enjoy the results. Fortunately the home owner, in re- gard to his own yard, is not faced by dilemmas. | He may admire his own, or not, “jdus( as his disposition goes, and the | day. | What others think is something to | Notice of appeal filed and defendant J:’ell"r]’ BUE okt Ewhins She Sl nkasnime Hence the happiness of these days when he feels that thought and labor | have not been in vain, that, though | | the yard may take no prizes, still it | they do not come often. has much to commend it. STARS, MEN Laboratory BY THOMAS ‘The unendurable torment of anxiety | may be the kick-from-within which | constitutes the chief driving force of | man’s social and mental evolution It is thus pictured by Dr. William A. White, superintendent of St. Eliza- | beth’s Hospital, in the third S8almon | lecture before the New York Academy | of Medicine. Anxiety, as defined by Dr. White, | is a sort of internal loss of balance. It is quite different from fear. One is afrald of that which threatens from the outside. A man fears being run | over by an automobile, killed in bat- | tle or discharged from his job. He is not, strictly speaking, anxious about | ‘The vague, tortur- ing sense of anxiety may come entire- ly independent of anything in the outward environment of which to be afraid. But psychically the organism is very delicately balanced. In order to live in society one must repress or subli- mate various instinctual drives which are inherent in life. There is, for ex- ample, the instinctive impulse to de- stroy that which gets in the way. It must be repressed, and this neces- sity of repression is perhaps a funda- mental basis for human morals. Or it may be transformed by the psycho- logical process known as sublimation into a virtue. The processes of repression and sublimation have gone on in every one until a balance is reached. It is probably a slightly different balance for each individual. Ordinarily no- body is conscious of it. It is only when the organization, so delicately built up to get along in the world, be- | gins to break down that the indi- | vidual becomes aware of the extreme internal discomfort—the cause of | which cannot be fathomed—known as anxiety. It is one of the earliest and most frequent symptoms of a mental collapse. It also serves as a spur to changes in ways of life or ways of looking at things. One struggles to retain the internal balance just as one struggles to retain the external balance. If there is complete failure it is a case for the psychiatrist. Oth- erwise the regained balance becomes part of a changed pattern of things. “Very few persons could go through life,” said Dr. White, “without from time to time experiencing, if ever so lightly, the symptom of anxiety. It results when sublimations threaten to fail and repressive forces are on the verge of being overwhelmed by in- stinctual demands. It is an indication that the balance of power within the psychic systems is moving in the di- rection of the instinctual processes. “Anxiety itself constitutes an ex- ceedingly painful state of mind. In its more severe manifestations it is unendurable and almost any means of escape from its torment may be chosen by the patient. At any given time wnen the instinctual forces are strengthened or the repressing and sublimating forces are weakened anx- ety may develop, and under these cir- cumstances one of the solutions pre- sented to the patient as a means of escaping the torment is to do those things which will reconstitute the su- premacy of sublimation and repres- slon—in other words, to move in a di- rection away from the instinctual forces -and toward those processes which make for development in the direction conceded to be evolutionary. “So we may assume, I believe, that anxiety is one of the outstanding forces which drive man along the path of development and civilization. I should dislike to think that it was the only forge, for if that be so, then all man's vistues could be explained | places than flowers. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘This is a pleasant feeling, known not only to gardeners, but to all who try to do something. There always will be knockers, and worse, those who spend some of their valuable time trying to “run down” those whose offense, in their eyes, simply is that they are attempting to do something. ‘The number of ways in which these persons attempt to discredit them is astounding. Some do it directly, some openly, some by subterfuge, some by petty persistence. Some do it with a smile, others with & snarl, but do it. Hence, in regard to gardening, is it eminently pleasant to feel, on cer- tain days, that the amount of time, labor, intelligence and money put into it are getting results, in one way or another. Then the petty sneerers may be overlooked. It is not always s0. Sometimes, depending upon the sensitivity of the patient, the sneerers do wreak their unnecessary vengeance perhaps more than they shall ever know. * % Hours when the garden seems at its best may or may not be spent in work. This will depend upon which aspect of gardening one specializes in, The actual work of gardening is one thing, and certainly the most essen- tial. Therefore, he or she who really makes the garden, who does the work, who sows, digs, transplants, carefully watches over seedlings, is the real gardener, and no one shall say nay. But there is another side to it, of course, else wealthy owners of great estates would be strangers in their own grounds, and the award of prizes to them at flower shows would be mockery. This is the side of direction; and there is another side, which has mostly to do with understanding and admira- tion. He or she who honestly loves the results of gardening, who is able to understand what 1s being done, and to rejoice when rejoicing is due, may be thought to be as much a gardener, in a sense, as any, though he or she | never handle a trowel. *x xx This will mean that the American sport of garden wrangling, often heard, must come to an end. | Some families seem to keep gardens merely to fuss and fume over them. Everything that one party does, the other party deplores. | One side specializes in pruning, !hu‘, other in deprecating pruning, however | necessary. Often this mock-quarreling comes |. about because both sides to the peren- nial disputation desire to pose as real dirt gardeners. Usually there is just one dirt far- mer, and the other might as well keep This brings peace and harmony | where before reigned a sort of semi- | dispute as unpleasant as it was weak. | Bometimes strong doses of a thing are not as unpleasant as repeated weak | ones. ‘Wherefore, it comes about, that | den harmony is to be sought in more“ When harmony reigns, as it ought, every opportunity exists for all to dis- | cover the sheerly beautiful days when | everything is more beautiful, | the light is just right, when even the | untrimmed grass edges are forgotten, | and every one remarks, “How fine the garden looks today!" These are precious hours, all the more so because When they arrive, make the most of them. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, and Study. R. HENRY. by fear. It should be considered as a “pushing from behind.” Other forces which attract from before, in accord- | ance with the ambivalence of all man- ifestations of energy, need to be fully taken into account. “Attitudes of mind harass the in- dividual when they contain unsolved problems and continue to do so until the problem reaches some sort of so- | lution and the individual correspond- ingly some sort of quiesence. These internal stresses and strains constitute what might properly be called stress diagrams that have an inherent ten- dency of their own to gravitate to some state of equilibrium, an expres- slon on the energic side which I sus- pect is not dissimilar to the psycho- logical expression of anxiety. I might |add curiosity as another of those drives which make for the release of tension.” * X ox % ‘The fundamental concepts of psy- chology, Dr. White says, are under- going a change “of importance com- parable, in my mind, to such events As the substitution of the Ptolemalc conception of the universe by the Copernican or the advent of the Darwinian theory of evolution.” This change, he points out, is in the emergence of the idea of the “organization as a whole.” Man is something more than the sum total of all his parts. “The form of the universe as it appears to man,” said Dr. White, “is necessarily a function of his mind. The mind, like the camera obscura, reflects a certain aspect of the uni- verse in miniature. It may be said that the world without and the world within are so related to each other that they exist like the oppo- sites, day and night. Each has its particular form and content only because of the other. “It has always been conceived that the world within was dependent upon the world without, but here we have definite indications that the reverse is also true. Nobody doubts that our perceptions and our ideas would cerse to exist if there were nothing to -ovide stimull from outside reali- tic . but here we have a definite in- dication that these outside realities world cease to exist if this world within disintegrates. Neither one can exist without the other. “The old structural academic psy- chology assumed that on the psycho- logical side the finished product—the idea, for example — could be traced back to its elemental constituents, which in this instance were sensa- tions. But the study of child psy- chology has demonstrated that the child does not first acquire a series of discrete sensations and then put them together so as to form percep- tions, so that these perceptions are nothing more nor less than the sum of the sensations which compose them. The first experiences of the child are already perceptions with respect to which it tries to relate itself. The specific and concrete are not amalgamated to make the com- plex, and it becomes evident that the whole is not expressed in the sum of its parts. The whole is more than the sum of its parts, for by the or- ganization of these parts and their relation to each other, something en- ters the situation which is by none of those parts separately. “Complexity of behavior is not de- rived by progressive integration of more and more originally 'discrete units. conception of chain re- flexes a3 presented 15 not in when | | tioning entity that is vital. | where else can our claims finally Validity of Pooling Funds for Insurance ‘To the Editor of The Star: In the leading editorial of The Star on Thursday, May 9, under the title “Of Doubtful Validi the following statement: “The States which have enacted un- employment insurance laws to con- form, as far as it is now possible to conform, with the principles of the national social security legislation have adopted the so-called pooling plan, under which employer con- tributions are paid into & pool from which unemployment benefits are later to be drawn.” Let me call your attention to the fact that the Utah unemployment compensation law recently enacted is of the Wisconsin type, with individual employer accounts. The unemploy- ment compensation acts recently en- acted in the States of New York and Washington in anticipation of Fed- pooled fund, but the New York law provides that the industrial commis- sioner shall study the operation of the fund, the financial aspects and the sufficiency of contributions thereun- der, and submit & report of his find- ings and recommendations to the Legislature not later than Fevbruary, 1939. This provision is designed to pave the way for ratings in the future according 10 the risk of unemploy- ment in different industries if this is thought to be necessary or desirable. State workmen’s compensation laws with a State-pooled fund have been upheld by the United States Supreme Court, as pointed out by Chief Jus- tice Hughes in the minority opinion | of the railroad retirement case. The analogy between workmen's compen- sation and unemployment compensa- tion would appear to be much closer than that between unemployment compensation and old-age retirement. Since State workmen's compensation laws with pooled funds have been | upheld, it would appear reasonable to assume that the court would also hold unemployment compensation pooled funds likewise valid. While it is true that the court dis- approved the pooling principle as ap- | Plied to railroad retirement, pointing | out that solvent railroads would have to carry the obligations of insolvent | or defunct ones, the court was very careful to distinguish the pooling re- | Quirement in this case from other | cases where it had been upheld, as, for | example, the workmen's compensation cases and the deposit insurance of | State banks. The case, therefore, does not necessarily indicate what the Su- preme Court will hold in the future | on a State unemployment compensa- | tion law which provides for pooling of | funds. | In your editorial you further state: | “The pooling principle, con- | tained in the District bill, was strongly indorsed by the experts who advised | the President on the form of soclal | security legislation. They contended that this principle recognizes unem- | ployment as a community problem and the protection against some of the evils of unemployment as a community responsibility.” | May I call your attention to the fact | that the report of the President’s Com- | mittee on Economic Security urged | that States be permitted to experiment | with different forms of unemployment | compensation and to adopt either a State-pooled fund or the individual- | employer-reserve type of fund. There are undoubted merits in both types of plan. The State - pooled fund plan | provides a maximum protection to | employes generally, while the indi- | vidual-employer-reserve plan provides | the maximum incentive for stabiliza- | | tion. COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC SE- | CURITY. EDWIN E. WITTE, Ex- ecutive Director. | - American People Are ! Not Insurance Minded To the Editor of The Star: For a Nation as insurance-minded as we are supposed to be, are we no’. singularly lacking in any adequate | romprehension of the main funda- | mental? ' This is peculiarly evident in our present dominating interest in social | security, which, of whatever type, is quite obviously a matter of mutual insurance. Irrespective of the technique, no insurance can be any better than the store of the tangible goods to which in theory it lays claim. Pensions, life insurance, annuities, all forms of insurance against con- tingencies are, by themselves, mere claims. This is all that they can be, ince in the last analysis wealth it- | selt tan be hoarded only to a limited degree. The saving of the mere claims is, after all, relatively easy. for future security. then ceases to perform its primary function. If we store the wealth as money which has and should have no intrinsic value, the same hold.s‘ true, with this added delinquency, | that if the paper, however issued, ceases to bear a rational relation to | productive capacity, it ceases to serve as a medium of exchange and is| worthless. It we seek to accumulate the tangi- | bles themselves, their inadequacies | become apparent. Wealth rots or be- | comes obsolescent. There is the cost | of maintainance. We see this dimly, and to evade responsibility we increasingly prefer to be owed rather than to own. The | edifice we erect is one of debt, which remains and grows, even if the weaith vanishes. So we imagine. And truly 50 it does, but we now discover that our claim is no better than the debtor’s ability to pay interest. If any category of us has a valid claim on wealth, to live on and en- joy, we must recognize that in the last analysis there is but one pos- sible storehouse for savings, namely, the collective social capacity to pro- duce and distribute, functioning as such. We live, in truth, on current production. Far from having saved for our needs that are to be, our future satisfactions have as yet not even been created. It is the maintainance of this func- For | rest? Our true security must lie in our success for assuring capacity for producing and consuming. This assures the insurance, which must be no less than the adequate spread and the sharing of the inevitable risk. If the ratio of claims to ca- | pacity exceeds a certain maximum, insurance obviously fails. And the insurance of a part by the whole involves & mutual responsibil- ity. There must have been previous service. P. R. WHITMAN. —_———— Protection in Paris. Prom the San Antonio Evening News. to sell everybody in Paris g8 masks. Do the lawmakers take it as a personal insult? accord with the actual working of the nervous system. On the other hand, within the total, ever-expand- ing integrated organism as a whole partial patterns emerge more or less and tend toward independence and dominance. Under normal conditions, however, they always remain under the suprgmacy of the individual as a whole.” 1/ | eral legislation provide for a State- is | veteran is 43 years old, has 2.48 chil- A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Does the Kentucky Derby create many jobs?—C. J. A. Business men of Louisville esti- mate that 5000 temporary jobs are made available by the Derby. Q. What is the clightly sticky tar- like substance on the leather handles of golf clubs?—W. H. 8. A. Grip leathers are usually dressed ‘with & treated oil. Some is sold under trade names. Other manufacturers mix their own. A mixture of castor ofl and pitch, and sometimes beeswax, used. Q. Please give the age, number of children and amount of bonus received by the average World War veteran.— H. L. H. A. It is estimated that the average dren, has received a certificate worth $986.63, and has borrowed against that certificate (with interest), $573.52. | Q. What 1s the name of the doctor | who can tell & person’s age by his | eyes?—F. G. A. Dr. Felix Bernstein, biologist, has found that a person's expectation of life may be estimated by the harden- | ing of the eye lense: Q. What proportion of the children who are adopted are illegitimate?— R. T. A. The percentage varies from 35 to 62 in different areas. Q. What is the thermite process of welding?—D. 8. A. Thermite (also thermit) is a| mixture of aluminum in fine grains or fllings with some metallic oxide, usually | of iron or chromium. On being heated by priming with magnesium powder and barium oxide the aluminum com- bines violently with the oxygen of the oxide, setting free the iron, pro- ducing a fluild slag and generating sufficient heat either to melt or bring adjacent parts to the welding tem- perature. It is used in welding steel rails and for other purposes. Q By whom is the Preer Gallery of Art in Washington administered’— F. 'A. The gallery is administered un- der the trusteeship of the Smith- sonian Institution. Q. What Vice President of the United States took the oath of office on foreign soil?>—S. A. A. William Rufus King, who was elected with Franklin Pierce, took the oath of office in Cuba March 4, 1853. Q. When were the Philippines dis- covered?—T. W. A. They were discovered by Magel- lan in 1521. They were conquered by Spain in 1542 and remained under Spain until the Spanish-American War. Q. How many young people between the ages of 18 and 24 are out of work?—S. J. C. A. The Children’s Bureau estimates that there are 2.000.000 to 3,000.000 young people between 18 and 24 out of school and job. Q. What per cent of the automo- bile accidents are caused by skid- ding?—C. T. J. A. About 4 per cent Q. What is the difference between a kingdom and an empire?>—C. M. A. A kingdom is a political entity ruled by a monarch called a king. An émpire is a group of kingdoms and distinct states, all of which are under the rule of a monarch called an emperor. | senger Q. Did the Indians use salt?—E. G. A. The Handbook of American In- dians says that not all of the tribes of Indians were accustomed to using salt, whether from difficulty of pro- curing it, the absence of the habit, a repugnance for the mineral, or for religious reasons, it is not always pos- sible to say. Salt exists in enormous quantities in the United States. and it was not difficult for most Indians to obtain it. Q. Why did Chabas call his famous | painting “September Morn"?—M. G. A. The artist chose this title be- cause the painting was completed on & BSeptember morning. Q. How far is it from Paris to Lon- don?—J. 8. A. About 220 miles. Q. How many laws enacted by Con- gress has President Franklin Roosevelt | vetoed this session?—R. R. A. During the present session of Congress no laws have been vetoed by the President. Most of the bills signed by him during the present session have been appropriation bills. Other bills have been the Reconstruc~ tion Finance Corp., the $4,000,000,000 relief bill, the bill providing for baby | bonds, crop loan bill, the ofl bill, the airmail bill and the income tax pub- licity bill. Q. Does the time spent as & pas- count in a pilot's flying hours?—W. W. A. It is not counted. Q. What is the normai temperature of a dog?—R. G. A. The normal temperature of dogs is higher than that of people. It is usually about 101 Jegrees. Young dogs and small ones have slightly higher temperatures than old and large animals. Q. Is the Kilauea Voicano a men- ace to Hawaii?—C. B. T. A. It is considered harmlessly ‘ac< tive. It affords a marvelous spectacle for tourists. Q. How many divorces are granted in Reno in a year?—R. J. H. A. Divorces in Reno, Nev, in 1933 numbered 2,450. Q. How much of the money found in letters which reach the dead letter office is eventually returned to the owners?>—H. B. A. Money found in letters during the fiscal year 1934 amounted to $69.596.29, of which amount $40,- 230.73 was restored to the righttul owners. Q. Who were Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' heirs?—J. T. W. A. Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes married Miss Fanny Dixwell of Cambridge, Mass., who died in 1929. They had no children. At death Justice Holmes was devoid of rela- tives, except for his nephew, Edward J. Holmes of Boston, and the latter’s wife. Q. Please explain why St. Louis is not in a county.—B. O. C. A. The constitution of Missouri in 1875 conferred upon the City of St. Louis the power to frame its own charter and at the same time to sepa- rate from the County of St. Louls and become a separate political entity in the State. The city limits are defined in this act and adjacent ter- ritory cannot be brought into the city proper without consent of the citizens of the city, of the adjacent territory and of the county. Q. What is the usual temperature in Habana, Cuba?—V. E. 8. A. There is very little range of temperature. The mean annual tem- perature is 76 degrees F. It rarely goes above 90 or below 50 degrees. Satire and The current “send-a-dime” chain | letter craze is as absurd as it is llegal, | Influx of chain letter: in the opinion of the press. Most | editors feel that the popularity of the scheme demonstrates not only the overwhelming desire of some people to get something for nothing, but their gullibility in forgetting that most of the participants will be left holding the bag. “Under the ‘send-a-dime’ project,” | The riddle | the Boise Idaho Statesman explains, | the Danville (Ill.) of the ages is how to store wealth |.ay individual receives a list of six | thinks the “silliness of the chain letter | names in a letter asking him to send | ", dd and send copies of the letter and the new list to five others. By the tim his name will have reached the top | of the list it will be in the hands of | 15,625 persons, if there is no break in | the chain. If each of these sends him | a dime, he will receive over $1.500 from this one link in the chain before his name goes off the list.” “Theoretically, there is no exact limit to the distance the thing could be carried,” says the Ashland (Ky.) Daily Independent. sary is that on any given date the number of new suckers being tapped is greater than the number of dimes in the mail.” The Youngstown Tele- gram contributes the observation, however, that “a newspaper man who never won a mathematics examination in his life, but has learned a bit about people from people, has figured that | some six repetitions of this process puts the letter in the hands of the two billion persons on earth.” In the words of the New York Herald | Chain-Letter Craze Stirs Al that is Deces- | 5od (Ind.) Tribune also emphasize Condemnation ver “has been all but wrecked by the " To the Nash- ville Banner, the fad “is another evi- dence that getting rich quick con- tinues to be the crowning ambition of a large element of the American public,” and the Texarkana Gazette sees in it “a parallel to the frenzied prosperity of the boom years.” To the Tulsa (Okla.) Tribune, how- ever, it merely proves that the Amer- ican people like “fadding about for & while.” The Indianapolis Star calls the dime venture a “nuisance,” and Commercial-News il has seldom been exceeded.” The Tulsa (Okla.) World takes a serious view of the matter, and as- serts that “the whole chain-letter raze, now tied to current political delusions, seems to Indicate decided moral and mental breakdown.” To the Pueblo Star-Journal, “the most intriguing phase of it is the half joc- ular claim that the exchange of let- ters will usher in prosperity.” The Birmingham (Ala.) Age-Herald contends that the “chance of running afoul the law would seem to be at least as great as the chance of getting anything out of it.” The Bay City (Mich.) Daily Times and the South the fact that the post office has de- clared the chain letters to be illegal, and the Richmond (Ind.) Palladium urges that “the warning of the post office be heeded,” even though, as the Uniontown (Pa.) Morning Herald points out, “to indict all those now advancing the scheme is obviously im- practicable ™ e Urges Better Drinking Tribune, “It is another of those affairs | Water at Mount Vernon where to be in on the ground floor is vital. But Denver appears to have crowded and overcrowded the ground fioor. It will, therefore, be New York’s lot to supply the requisite ‘suckers’ for the upper stories of the structure.” “It is an interesting game, and many in search of fun will take part in it, | just to see what will happen, without caring particularly whether they get their dimes back or not,” remarks the | Youngstown Indicator, but the Bir- mingham (Ala.) News is of the opin- jon that, “if it is a dishonest propo- sition—which it is—then honest people will want no part in it.” “In these early days of the scheme's operation, it offers food for thought by those share-the-wealth advocates who, admittedly, are not getting along so well with their peL proposals, facetiously suggests the Montana Rec- ord-Herald, while the Ann Arbor Daily News observes that it is “in- evitable that chain letters would be introduced as a means of solving pres- ent economic problems and sharing the wealth.” The Knoxville (Tenn.) Journal thinks that *“if one must do something foolish or silly or sinful to ease the tension of all the debts and duststorms, doubts and dangers that in these dubious days bedevil and bedog us, why not try out the dime letter chain by way of daring fate *o give us a break?” “Though less mysterious than the philosopher’s stone and not so pic- turesque as the divining rod, this lure to quick riches seems to have caused no little stir,” says the Atlanta Jour- ngl. Indeed, the Chattanooga Times To the Editor of The Star: T think it is about time that those | in charge of Mount Vernon do some- | thing about furnishing visitors with |a decent drink of water on the | erounds. Sunday afternoon hundreds of men, women and children with parched throats could get no water. ‘The only water or the grounds, and which is hardly fit to drink and very ILittle of it, is an old antiquated and unworkable pump. If this is pur- posely done for the benefit of outside concessions, then I say it is & racket and should be stopped. WILLIAM OTTE. ' A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. Nocturnal Out from the city to spaces where The firmament gives the only light Day-tired people drive at night, Seeking release from the bonds of care, Seeking the deep starlight. Moons give to the heart and brain Shifting shadows, effulgence bright, Black-patched woods and roads of white, | Dreams that border too close on pain! No shadows stare in the soft blue that the postal service in Den- §