Evening Star Newspaper, April 14, 1935, Page 5

LAANHEATRLIN SPIED BY RULIG McCarl Bars Payment of | Benefits if Contract Area Is Exceeded. (Continued From First Page.) payments no effective artificial stim- ulation outside of ordinary market de- mand could easily be produced under the present A. A. A. set-up. The ruling is applicable to A. A. A. action on other crops. Thus far, however, no other crops on which benefits are paid have been placed on an unrestricted basis, although there has been pressure to release corn from the efforts at acreage reduction. The McCarl ruling places the A. A. A. in the worst predicament of its stormy career. If it goes through with its wheat crop control contracts. reversing ihe ‘Wallace order and ruling that acreage T BY CONSTANTINE BROWN, HE five wise men of Isola Bella are singing the Hosannah of peace with a genuine feeling of relief. Hitler has conde- scended to agree to a general non-aggression pact, although he re- fuses to become a party to the planned security pacts. Officialiy, this was Hitler's move. In fact, it was Gen. Werner von Blomberg who convinced der Fuehrer to make this gesture. The young German commander-in- chief has obtained his diplomatic ed- ucation from the former Chancellor Bruening. He has learned that mod- eration is the best policy, if that mod- | eration is backed by strength. Von | | Blomberg is & firm believer i the pol- | | icy of the mailed fist covered with a | velvet glove. % What the Germans told the West- must actually be reduced, it might be subjected to the charge of inviting a| bread shortage. If it stands by the | Wallace order, it will run head on into the power of the controller. | Apparently the only way out of the dilemma is legislation giving the Agriculture Department retroactive | authority to do what it already has| done. The House Agriculture Com- mittee already has reported a bill which would authorize the A. A. A. to pay bounties for increased as well as decreased production. The situation is expected. in any event, to bring to a boil the long! simmering hostility between Mr. Mcv\ Carl, a Republican appointee of | President Harding. and the New Deal- ers. On several occasions the con- | troller has hamstrung the administra- | tion, notably in cutting down its al- lecation for the proposed tree belt to reduce the danger of dust storms and floods in the Mddle West At the time of the controversy over this project admini: on leaders considered Mr. McCarl's presence in the Government so dangerous to the New Deal program that Attorney Gen- | eral Cummings was ordered to look into the possibility of removing the | controller. He is understood to have reported | that Mr. McCarl. like any other pissi- | dential appointee, could be ousted at the pleasure of the President, even though the law creating the office stated specifically that the controller should be appointed to a 15-year term, which could not be terminated within the life of the encumbent except by impeachment. Opinion Based on Meyer Case. Mr. Cummings' opinion was based on a ruling of the Supreme Court in 1925 In the famous Meyer case. The | plaintiff, a California postmaster, re- moved by President Coolidge. chal- lenged the right of the executive 10| fire him without cause. The court ruled that the President was within his rights under article 2 of the COn- | onications are directed toward the | & beriod of five years. last. where Great Britain has no par- | Permitted to purchase manufact | products in Germany | amount. stitution. This constitutional guarantee of the President’s right to remove any ap- pointee, Mr. Cummings held. would | supersede the law under which the| controller’s office was created. Mr. McCarl's term, if run its full course. would not expire until 1936. Proposals to seek his re- moval recently have been revived by fears that he would surround the $4,000,000,000 work-relief appropria- tion with so much red tape that its effectiveness as a pump-priming fund | modified form of Nazi-ism fs intro- | Saues would be destroyed. The McCarl ruling against Secre- tary Wallace's method of meeting the emergency created by the continued seriousness of the drought and dust storms which have all but destroyed the prospects for a wheat crop in Kan- sas and parts of other States will cre- ate an even more crucial issue “Bread is a fundamental food,” Sec- retary Wallace said in explanation of | his decision to permit unlimited plant- ing. “We are taking steps against the possibility of another drought. and we believe that we owe a duty to the producer and consumer; on the other hand we must protect the producer against the effects of piling up a surplus.” To safeguard against another sur- plus such as that which pulled down wheat prices before the A. A. A. pro- gram went into effect, Secretary Wal- lace specified that farmers allowed to ignore their acreage-control contracts this year would have to agree to limit their crops in 1936, if production con- trol became necessary by that time. “Through continuance of adjust: ment payments,” he explained, “the crop income insurance feature of the program, which proved of high value ! in the 1931 drought. is maintained. | “Co-operating producers thus have assurance of some income through the | adjustment payments made upon their domestic allotments, which are based on past average production and are not affected by the current crop. | Average Payment S$136. i “These payments averaged $176 per year per farm for the 577,000 wheat adjustments contracts for the first| two years of the program. The aver- age payment per farm was consider- ably higher in the principal wheat States, where production per farm is higher than the national average.” Agriculture Department experts | estimated last month that if no| changes were made in the wheat pro- gram the carry over on July 1, 1936, would be 50,000,000 to 185,000.000 bushels, depending on the extent of the drought. Since then the drought situation has become worse rather than better. By lifting restrictions on planting, experts figured that the July 1 carry- over would range between 60,000,000 and 210,000,000 bushels. Secretar Wallace said a 200,000,000 carry-over, in view of restricted export outlets, would be sufficient to maintain a margin of safety. Before abrogating the crop reduc- tion sections of wheat contracts, Sec- retary Wallace received an opinion from Agriculture Department lawyers that such a move would be legal un- oer existing law. DAVIS PLEADS FOR A. A, A, By the Associated Press The outlook for the A. A. A. was conceded to be dark yesterday by its administrator, Chester C. Davis. In a spirited radio address directed to farmers, Davis told them that un- less pending amendments to the agri- cultural adjustment act are passed by Congress the entire farm relief plan is in danger. “The administrators of the agricul- tural adjustment act,” he said, “be- lieve that Congress intended the law to serve the farmers of one sec- tion of the country as well as those of another. “As it stands so much is missing from the brief outline of marketing agreements and licenses in the orig-| that the adjustment act| inal act, stands like a square table with legs | at only three corners.” The organized opposition to pas-| sage of the amendments is headed. the administrator charged, by the agri- cultural industries "conference com- of anonymous individuals and ogganizations, but representing essen the middle men. | was not known. allowed to| ern diplomats gathered at Stresa is in | essence this: “Germany does nol | want to start a war, but is ready to accept your challenge. Germany has a well defined policy which has been explained with undiplomatic candor to | Sir John Simon during his short and | unpleasant stay in Berlin. This policy may be called, for brevity sake, one of complete equality with the victorious powers. What it really means will be seen later. Germany is willing to promise not to attack any power, but in view of the uncertain situa- tion in Europe is not willing to allow armies to go through its ter- ritory in the name of the planned urity pacts. “There is no reason why German | revendications should not be discussed later when a compromise might be | reached in a more peaceful atmos- | phere.” * x % % Such a declaration of policy would have been considered an impudence a few months ago. when the exact status of the Germany Army and aviation At present, it was received with enthusiasm—or alleged enthusiasm. i3 The British, in particular, were happy. They do not want war and are willing to make any sacrifices for | the mamtenance of peace. Their sac- rifcing spirit is so much greater, since they know that all the German re- This Changing World Von Blomberg Convinces Hitler to Offer Partici- pation in Non-Aggression Pact—Believes in Moderation. -~ THE SUNDAY WALLACE WARNS COTTON TAX FOES Declares Something “More Extreme” Is in Store for Processors. chance to postpone the eonflict and build further their fences. They agreed to drop Germany's indictment before the League of Nations—it would have been futile in any case—and are proceeding with the strengthening of their military alliances with those na- tions which appear immediately ‘menaced by the Germans. These are the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics and Czechoslovakia, The Danubian states will be brought into a general conference early in May, too. The idea of a Danublan confederation comprising Austria, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Bul- garia and Czechoslovakia looms as an attractive prospect to Italy and France. The previous attempts had been blocked by the Italian-French rivalry. But whatever may happen, the French are determined to build strong alliances so as not to be alone when Germany becomes again the strongest military power in Europe. * ¥ Xk % The French-Russian-Czechoslovak- Rumanian alliance was cemented in a modern way, two days before Laval left for Stresa. He invited the Ambassadors of these countries to a luncheon. But he did not give that luncheon in the solemn and stultified atmosphere of the Quai d'Orsay. He chose for the occasion a little restaurant in La Villette, where By the Associated Press. ATLANTA, April 13—Warning tex- tile manufacturers “something more extreme” may come if opponents of the agricultural adjustment program succeed in destroying it, Secretary of Agriculture Wallace today reiterated the processing tax on cotton will con- tinue. ‘Wallace, here for two addresses, spoke to farmers from Georgia and surrounding States at Wesley Memo- rial Church auditorium late in the day and tonight delivered a Jeflerson day speech at the same place. Wallace, in the talk to farmers, told them the Government had taken it as a special duty to see that they are fairly treated. Only a few days ago Gov. Tal- madge, who has often criticized the Roosevelt administration’s program, termed Wallace's address on Jefferson { day “a mockery.” * Asks Wallace to Resign. ‘Talmadge said he agreed with Sen- ator Walter F. George, who previously had stated his opinion that Wallace should resign. Talmadge frequently has publicly said his political ambi- :!on was to be Secretary of Agricul- ure. “The current resistance to the pending amendments to the agricul- tural adjustment act is really an at- task on the entire program. The forces that have ben set in motion could become so intense and so power- ful as to destroy the whole broad pro- gram of agricultural adjustment,” Wallace said. ; “My own feeling is that the very groups who are fighting the agricul- tural adjustment act are short-sighted and perhaps unwittingly might force upon this Nation fantastic measures which would do much injury and ac- complish no good. “For the sake of temporary gain, the processors and handlers of farm commodities might find themselves faced with something more extreme if they succeed in overthrowing the ag- ricultural adjustment act. “I would sound a solemn warning to these groups and in the national interest appeal to them to take the longer view. While this Nation is de- ciding whether it will take the lead- ership in an effort to restore an international economic order, it is es- sential to permit these adjustments in this difficult period of transition. “Farmers are poorly organized and it is difficult for them to make their | protests articulate. For that reason | he “would be in the forefront fight- the famous slaughter houses are sit- uated. The wooden tables were covered, because of the presence of the dis- unguisned guests, with a paper tablecioth. The surroundings were really democratic, French peasants in their overalls, with pocketbooks bulging with thousand francs notes. They had just sold thewr steers to the abattoir, the French slaughter house. Despite its humble appearance, this restaurant is the most expensive in Paris and one of the most expensive in the world. The food is prepnred‘ only for real French gourmes and the | wines—none less than $6 a quart—| make connoisseurs smack their lips. | In this surrounding of cattle men and | | packing house perfume, the four dip- lomats celebrated the momentous link | between East and West “until death do us part.” * k% % At the time when the question of | | economic sanctions against the ag- | gressor are suggested at Stresa, an economic agreement has been signed between the Soviets and Germany Russia, the avowed mortal enemy of ticular interests. * ok % % Mussolini was equally pleased with the German olive branch realizes full well that Italy can only | lose in the event of another European ‘ronflnpralmn. His chief interest in Europe is the maintenance of Austria as a buffer state. 11 Duce believes that some such compromise might be | reached with the Germans, even if a | duced in Austria. X Ek* ‘ The chief aim of Italy's dictator is | the establishment of an Italian empire in Africa. He intends to devote the coming years for that purpose. That empire is necessary if his plans for | five children in each Italian family | materializes. The future African empire com- | promises parts of Ethiopia, Tibesti, a | region near the Lake Tchad, and | eventually an outlet to the Atlantic, | either by obtaining from the French Mussolini | gecept this method of payment. | To meutralize the acids e r 9 o “. | & mandate over the former German | | colony of Cameroon or by purchasing | Angola from the Portuguese. Italy's participation in a European war would | jeopardize this ambitious dream. * The French had to accept Hitler's proffered hand. They do not trust the Germans in general and Hitler and Von Blomberg in particular. But the German solution offered them Aok Immediate !nstallation—First Payment June Ist HOT WATER HEAT Installed Complete in 6 Rooms as Low as tion. ator Co. Ho estimate. come. Fully Equipped 1711 14th St. N.W. Sol Stern, President Open 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M. 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But 1 sometimes think the pressure of these special pleaders can be made to appear so powerful that the real interests of agriculture which is, of course, the general public interest, may be sacrificed. rmers everywhere need to do some hard thinking and to express thelr point of view as to whether they want the mechanism of the Agricul- tural Adjustment Administration to be thrown overboard because certain special groups believe it to be in con- flict with their immediate self-interest. For that reason I repeat my appeal for an understanding and an alliance between the great agricultural secticas of the South and the Middie West. “If the cotton program goes by the board the corn, wheat, tobacco and other programs will follow. The unity of the farmers will be broken.” Interprets Jefferson. Wallace declared tonight, in a Jef- ferson day address, that Thomas Jef- | ferson recognized “property rights are & shifting concept,” and if living now ing the battle against such organiza- tions as the present day Liberty League.” 5 He added that Jefferson, in effect, “separated natural rights into human | rights and property rights, the first | must never be abridged, the second must be subject to bargaining if a democratic society is to endure.” The definition of liberty “Jefferson arrives at” Secretary Wallace con- tinued, “is far cry from that of the rabble rouser on the one hand or the plutocrat on the other.” ‘There was no official delegation at the station to greet the Secretary of Agriculture when he arrived today. Gov. Talmadge, the secretary’s arch critic, was spending the week end on his South Georgia farm, and the wel- coming party was eschewed in defer- ence to Wallace, who dislikes such things. TOMATO BAN ISSUED Utah Closes Borders to Plants From Many States. SALT LAKE CITY, April 13 (®).— The State Board of Agriculture today declared a quarantine against all to- mato plants from California, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Missouri and the West Coast of Mexico in an effort to pre- vent entrance of the tomato pinworm. Most tomato plants imported by Utah come from California and Ne- | vada. All plants from these States must be certified and Nevada plants must be dusted with insecticide as well., oo BETTING BILL KILLED ALBANY, N. Y., April 13 (£)—The Senate today killed a bill for a con- stitutional amendment (o legalize pari- mutuel betting. The vote was 16 to 31 The Senate Judiciary Committee killed a bill which would have per- mitted women to serve on juries in New York State. * A-§° SYMPATHY MESSAGE IS SENT BY CHURCHES Rockville Ministers Sign Note to Bereaved Families at Williamsport. Ministers of four Rockville, Md., churches yesterday seat a message of sympathy to the bereaved families of the 14 Williamsport children killed in bus-train crash Thursday night. It read: “We, the congregations of the Bap- tist, Christian, Methodist and Pres- byterian Churches of Rockville, Md., wish to convey to you our sincere Christian sympathies and our deepest regrets in this, your hour of grief. Our hearts go out to you as we share | with you, in part, the great tragedy of this experience. “As we meet tonight in union ses- | slon we offer our heartfelt prayers to | the God and Father of us all that He may comfort you and sustain you through, this dark hour.” The message was-signed by Rev. | Herbert O. Cooper of the Baptist | Church, Rev. Edwin S. Sheppe, jr., of the Methodist Church; Rev. Henry K. Pasma of the Presbyterian Church and Rev. V. 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