Evening Star Newspaper, April 4, 1935, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. ‘THURSDAY......April 4, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .Editor The Evening Star Nmn'- Company York RETS 42 E Chicawo Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Office; 14 Regent St.. London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Berular EdIon, o per montn B0c per month ar c per month 5% per copy 'l'h(“ém 5 e Evening a: Cwhon 8" Sund Night Final . ieht Pinal and Sunday Star.70c ight Final Star 55¢ per month Collection made ‘at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or Teiephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .1¥r.. $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ ay $4.00; 1 mo’’ 40c nd Canada. Daily and Sunday. 2.00: 1 Daily only. . 5¢ Bunday only. 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. Tre Associated Press Is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited - wise credited in this paper and also the Jacal news published herein. Al rights of Dublication of spectal dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— Britain’s “Explorations.” With Capt. Anthony Eden's de- parture from Warsaw after confer- ences with the Polish government Britain's “explorations” of the situ- ation provoked by Germany's program for restoration of her military power ‘have practically come to an end. Capt. Eden, Downing ~Street's traveling diplomat extraordinary, has still to visit Praha, but the attitude of the Czechoslovakian government is well known. More directly threatened by the Nazi menace than almost any other of the Reich's neighbors, Czecho- slovakia is ready to link up with any combination of powers formed to curb Hitlerite aggression. London announces that Britain will go to the Anglo-Franco-Italian meet- ing at Stresa determined to do her ~utmost to weld Europe into a hard and fast, far-reaching security sys- tem. It is also proclaimed that the British are ready to play in the per month P Stresa discussions on April 11 that| “decisive role” which they expect‘ will be required of them. That is the most significant statement that has emerged from the welter of negotia- tions and predictions precipitated by the German rearmament crisis. Sir John Simon in Berlin and Capt. Eden 4n Moscow and Warsaw evidently dis covered that if Nazi pretensions are to be thwarted, leadership in ar- rangements to that end must be as- sumed by the British. France lll‘ along has held that without direct and active British participation efforts to check Germany would be doomed. Hitler's fondest hope was to drive & breach between Britain and the Conti- “nent. He has accomplished the exact _opposite—they have been brought closer together. What London apparently has in mind is a “pan-European” security “scheme to replace the “Eastern Lo- carno” which Berlin and Warsaw have rejected. Details as to how such a scheme, with adequate enforceable provisions against aggressica, can be worked out remain to be developed at Stresa. It is an omen of prncticnlf results there that Mussolini, who will be present, is heralding in advance that the conferring governments must Jeave Utopian plans at home and get dowa to brass tacks. Il Duce hints at a formal military alliance of the three Western powers to establish security. Undoubtedly Germany sooner or later would be invited to become a partner in such a compact. “Isolation would be the price of her| refusal. To date only Poland, among the Reich's neighbors, has declined to join in the plans which British _diplomacy is promotig. But Capt. Eden left Warsaw in the belief that & compromise can be evolved which will eventually bring the Poles in. As 2 buffer state between Germany and Russia, Poland is naturally reluctant to tie herself down to any arrangement that might incur for her the hostility of either powerful country. & Berlin can no longer be blind to the significance of British “explora- tions” of the European situation. The Nazis must now know that their abstention from a program designed firmly to safeguard peace against violation from any quarter will forge into existence a grouping of force which Germany would challenge at her deadly peril. —_——t—————— “Public Enemy No. 1" never holds his position long. The matter of surprise is the fact that there is always so long a waiting list. —_—— v Foreign Trade Barriers. While the “good neighbor” spirit in- spires the United States’ reciprocal tariff policy, Secretary Hull has just revealed that the matter of obtaining 8 square deal from other countries with which we have trade relations is not to be left to chance or to their benevolence. Ways and means have ‘been devised at Washington to enforce fair treatment for American commerce under the most-favored-nation system. The policy just announced provides that countries which discriminate against our trade will be denied the benefits flowing from the reciprocal tariff program. Prance is the first to feel the im- pact of this new determination. The Paris government has been notified that unless it abandons quotas, em- bargoes and certain tariff practices which have operated seriously to re- strict American exports to France it will not be able to avail itself of the reduced tariff rates granted to Bel- gium under our recently negotiated reciprocal treaty with that country. Secretary Hull has adhered to the most-favored-nation principle in the pursuit of his reciprocal program. Thus all countries granting the United States equality of treatment would automatically be entitled to the con- cessions extended to Belgium. France & not giving us such tumy. Con- versations between Washington and Paris are in progress looking to a commercial agreement. If they do not lead to results favorable to American trade, France will forthwith face re- prisals on our part. From her will be withheld tariff reductions provided for in reciprocity agreements. She will be made instantly aware that the United States possesses a potent weapon with which to defend our export trade and will not hesitate to use it. Four other countries, it is disclosed by the State Department—Germany, Italy, Denmark and Portugal—will be entitled to the Belglan concessions only until present treaties with them expire. All of them maintain trade practices regarded as discriminatory against American trade. They, too, like Fraace, will lose most-favored- nation rights here unless they abolish devices which hamper the sales of our goods in their markets. More or less formal discussions are under way with Germany and Italy, looking to new agreements of a mutually profit- able nature. Czechoslovakia only within the past few days has signed at Washington a provisicnal agree- ment which insures most-favored- nation treatment for both countries. Canada, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland form a group of countries which will receive the Belgian benefits for six months, All of them are now in negotiation with us for reciprocal treaties. If at the end of six months no agreements with them are reached, they will be confronted by the fate of which we have just given France warning. They will be dropped from the list of beneficiaries. Secretary Hull has adopted a com- mendable attitude. Nations which desire to exploit this, the richest market in all the world, must bring themselves to give American trade just treatment, or suffer the conse- quences it is so easily within our power to impose upon them. — vt New Track Layouts Downtown. The general aim of the Public Utilities Commission in ordering trackage changes in downtown Wash- ington is to do away with as maay of the existing kinks as possible and to provide for a more direct move- ment of street cars. It has been impossible to do this without sub- | stituting one nuisance for another. | But the hope of the authorities is that the nuisances substituted will be less | aggravating than those removed. As for new nuisances, they are ap- Eparent. The “Avenue Triangle” build- ing development has erected a wall along the south side of Pennsylvania avenue, leaving only three through streets from north to south—Four- teenth, Twelfth and Seventh. Fifteenth, Tenth and Ninth, while skirting or penetrating the wall, are blocked by the Mall. And to the already heavy north and south automobile traffic now forced to use Fourteenth street and Fifteenth street will be added the congestion of heavy street car traffic making turns into Fourteenth from the Avenue, into the Avenue from Fourteenth, and into Fifteenth from G street. Compensating for this new source of congestion, the mess of tracks on New York avenue between | Fourteenth and Fifteenth, and on Fourteenth between New York avenue and G is to be cleared up. There will be no right-turning street cars from Fifteenth into New York avenue, and there will not be the confusing turns at Fourteenth and New York avenue. The changes ordered have icenl under consideration for many months and have been decided upon only after close studies of the movement of automobiles and of street cars. While experience is yet to test their wisdom, the engineers are convinced that they are the most effective changes that can be made under present conditions. After the changes have been made there will be less trackage in the downtown section than there is now— and that is something. People’s Counsel Roberts, contem- plating the expenditure of $750,000 on the changes, is more convinced than ever that subways must be relied upon to alleviate the constantly increasing congestion on such streets as Pennsyl- vania avenue and Fourteenth, and to provide the growing population with the means, now lacking, of really rapid transit. But he has not been able to convince the engineers at the District Building that now is the time to apply such a solution. The great cost of subways, especially the con- struction of subways in low-lying downtown Washington, will serve to delay their acceptance until the nec- essity is more pressing than it is now. i After the changes have been made | in tracks the Public Utilities Com- mission will issue re-routing orders | which will have much to do with the acceptance of the changes by the pub- lic. The street car company’s own contribution to better service by new, improved equipment should not be too long delayed. Historic reminder of valued friend- ship is at hand. Whatever happens, Japan can never take away those cherry blossoms. Responsibility. It is & basic doctrine of democracy that those who aspire to lead the people should be responsible. Yet it happens now and again that agi- tators utterly unmindful of their obli- gation appear in the national scene. Enthusiasm for a cause, it may be granted, is a natural explanation in the circumstances, but rank prejudice also is to blame in many instances. Assertions frequently are made in the halls of Congress, to the press and over the radio which simply are not amenable to proof. The authors of such misrepresentation too often avoid correction, and gradually a vast ‘body of myths grows up in the public mind. ‘The problem, therefore, is important. Sound policies of government are affected deleteriously, and honorable and efficient servants of the common- wealth are handicapped in the per- formance of their duty of even driven from their posts of service. In the M“fll‘lflflrlflw‘ ‘THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 1935 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. mitted to continue unchecked, hu- manity finds itself in an unreal world. The United States just now is in serious danger of being bogged by self-appointed captains of the multi- tude who frankly are not competent to lead wisely. Unashamed dema- gogues have attained power too large for them to direct to social advantage. In the name of the masses they have acquired control of instruments which, through ignorance or blindness or personal greed, they may employ against the national welfare. And the peril is further increased by the fact that there are individuals only too anxious to exploit both the leaders and their followers. They rarely show themselves in the lime- light; they prefer to labor in the dark, and the people generally are unaware of their existence. Yet they use their opportunities to the full for their own earichment and advancement. The demagogues are their puppets and the helpless millions their victims. And nemesis almost never catches up with them. But the day must come when the citizens of the Republic will be edu- cated to a practical knowledge of their heritage, stheir tradition and their obligation. Lincoln was correct in his judgment that it is impossible to fool all the people all the time. Blatant propagandists may fulminate, special leaders may spout, but eventually the Nation will awaken to demand that they prove. their charges and their claims, demonstrate the accuracy of their contentions and the good faith of their arguments. ———— In discussing a profit motive it is admitted that a shrewd intelligence bent on gain may conmtrive to derive |a profit from almost any kind of a situation. This does not justify a man with an inclination for stacking the cards. Lenin is safely embalmed as an object of public reverence. If he were alive today he would probably find himself relegated to & position of fu- tile protest, something like that occu- pied by his old partner, Trotsky. ————r———— His recovery ‘was personally an- nounced by Secretary Louis McHenry Howe when he called for a cigarette and a square meal. The menu was more convincing than a ‘physician’s bulletin could have been. —_—— et There was a gracious bit of effec- | tual diplomacy in the gift of cherry blossoms that annually call people from all parts of the continent to admire so beautiful a token of friend- ship. ——— Admiration is accorded the genius of Gen. Hugh Johnson as a man of fluent eloquence who still had an art of brevity that enabled him to con- centrate vast meaning in the letters N.R.A. i Without much right to claim a moral triumph, Hitler has asserted a right to historical regard as one who must be dealt with if only as & neces- sary evil. — The history of the world might have been changed if Anne Boleyn had been a determined, strong-arm { feminist like her daughter Elizabeth. T e Expert accountants have been busy with billions and are prepared to show plainly that war brings no permanent profit. —_——————————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Policy Suggestion. Let's be lazy for & while, Satisfied to dream and smile As the sunlight drifts along Dancing to a robin’s song. Every motor horn that sounds With & war-like strain abounds. Speeding clouds across the sky Seem like bombing planes on high. Let the world go on, nor heed Its direction or its speed. ‘What so0 e're you do or say It will surely make its way. Let us greet the rainbow show'r And the fragrant blossoming bow'r, Fearing neither greed nor guile— Let’s be lazy for a while. Musical Approval. “Are you interested in music?” “Very much,” answered Senator Sorghum. “It's a valuable means of delighting the popular ear with sound without saying anything which may start an argument.” Jud Tunkins says we can't hope to escape quarrels at a time when every- body is teaching everybody else how to run his business. Proenunciations. Our world as it keeps on the move Shows many a dialect strange. My language I seek to improve, But it’s hard to keep up with the change. My friend from Manhattan will toil To guide me as phrases unfurl. But when he means “Earl” he says *olL* And when he means “oil” he says “erle” Formalities. “How is Crimson Guich getting on with its fight on crime?” “Fine,” said Cactus Joe. “We're all for the orderly life. Everybody is on the police force. When any one gets shot it’s bound to be in the name of | the law.” The Old Stories. When graces feminine allure Remember Helen fair. When lavish fortune you'd secure Think of old Rome’s despair. When you are in a mood of doubt Just take another look ‘Where you are sure to find things out; Just read your history book. “A man dat keeps buttin’ in” said | of Uncle Eben, "reminds me of my goat. Sometimes he goes right through an obstruction and sometimes he jes’ ”Mlhflr” A great many people resent scien- Hific names. Why is not the popular name, they ask, as good as the long Latin one? ‘Well, it would be, if there were not 80 many of them! Consider the so-called common names for the Virburnum trilobum, or American cranberry bush. There we have the scientific name, and one only of many common names. Other popular names are crampbark tree, cranberry tree, highbush cran- berry, wild guelder-rose, gueldres- rose, cherry wood, dog rowan tree, whitten tree, red elder, rose elder, marsh elder, water eider, white elder, gadrise, gaiter tree, gatten, love rose, May rose, pincushion tree, squaw bush, witch-hobble, witch-hopple! The same shrub is called more than 20 names, each in a different part of the country, and in different nations, s0 that persons discussing the same plant might not even know they were talking about the same thing. Cherry, rose, elder, cranberry—these are a few of the misnomers applied to this one bush. * ¥ k ¥ A booklet on American medicinal plants of commercial importance, issued by the Department of Agricul- ture, is a treasure trove of such pop- ular names. Whether good or not, the common names of plants are interesting, pic- turesque and a delight to all persons fond of such things. Included in them are many Indian terms, always delightful to those who treasure Americana. The American mountain-ash, for instance, is technically Sorbus amer- icana, the second, or species name, begun with a small letter, according to scientific nonmenclature, even when proper. Country people, woodsmen, farmers, have a right to use their own peculiar names, but surely they are not scien- tific when they call the above tree by such names as roundwood, round tree, American rowan tree, American serv- ice tree, mountain sumac, dogberry, quickbeam, wild ash, wine tree, witch- wood, life-of-man, Indian mozemize, missey-moosey, moose-misse. It will be noticed that in most of these names Indians and witches play a large part. Also there is tremendous confusion in the calling. Veratrum virde, sometimes branded American false-hellebore, has the fol- lowing list of common names: True veratum (when already it has been called false), green veratum (which is better), American veratum (properly), green hellebore, swamp hellebore, big hellebore, false-hellebore, bear corn, bugbgne, bugwort, devil's bite, earth gall. Indian poke, itchweed, tickleweed, duck-retter. The devil, too, has his part to play in most of these lists. In some sec- tions of the country some name in- corporating his satanic majesty’s name is sure to be in use. * % % % One of the troubles with the scien- tific names of plants, animals, etc., is that often enough they are very hard to pronounce. Take Hedeoma pulegioides, Amer- ican pennyroyal. The second. or species name, is almost impossible, if one does remember his Latin. American pennyroyal, the most common of its common names, might seem to be adequate, if it were not for the remainder: Pennyroyal, mock pennyroyal, squaw mint, tickweed, stinking balm, mosquito plant. Uses of most of these plants are seen in some of the names, but scarcely in any of the long list for the Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, widely known as bearberry: Uva-ursi, red bearberry, | STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS One does not “grow up” all together. Different organs of the body reach their full size and functional maturity at different rates and different times, according to Dr. T. Wingate Todd, pro- fessor of anatomy at Western Reserve University, in a report to Science. the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. These different growth rates, he points out, may have considerable | significance for the new science of | orthophylactics, or correct child guid- ance. Defects must be noted and corrected before an organ has reached its full growth and stabilization. The earliest part of the body to mature is the “vestibule” of the inner | ear. This is the organ of balance. It/ is functioning several montns before birth. When the baby is born, it is as large as it ever will be. The olefactory, or “smelling,” area of the nose has its greatest gzowth and reaches its full functional develop- ment within six months after birth. After that the respiratory function of the nose takes precedence. In early childhood it is the middle part of the nose which has its greatest growth. Then it stops growing and the lower part shoots ahead. The eyeball, which really is a pro- jection of the brain, reaches its adult development at four years. Then the individual can see as well as ever will be possible. Any defect in vision due to faulty development of the eye- ball must be corrected earlier. ‘The adult configuration of the cor- tex of the brain is reached between the fourth and sixth years, although the brain case is only three-fourths adult size. ‘Thus when & child is first sent to school all the mental capacity is present. It only awaits training to be transformed into specific abilities. Growth in the width of the face precedes growth in the height of the face. Jaw growth waits until adolescence, when it proceeds much faster in boys than in girls. The ma- jority of women have relatively small jaws, a fact long appreciated by the physical an in determin- ing the sex of skeletal material. There are periods of maximum growth for each organ of the body, Dr. Todd says, so that abnormalities which are noted later in life can be dated. For example, a defect in cranial size or in the eyeball would be. referred back to early infancy. * % %k ¥ Heavy water—which, at least in rats, will produce a mild “jag"— tastes just the same as ordinary water. Recently a Norwegian chemist re- ported drinking some and experienc- ing a “dry, burning sensation.” This ‘has been tested by Prof. H. C. Urey of Columbia University, winner of this year’s Nobel prize for the discovery of heavy hydrogen, which is the chief constituent of the heavy water, and an assoclate. Each drank about & cubic centi- meter of the liquid. They found it as tasteless as water from the faucet. Meanwhile, three other Columbia scientists have sought in vain for evi- speeds up growth. -any measurable difference in the gro various microscopic or in the roots of wheat seedlings. * ® * ¥ The earth still has its weird cor- ners, where unbelieyable things actu- bear’s grape, bear’s bilberry, bear's whortleberry, foxberry, upland cran- berry, crowberry, mealberry, rock- berry, mountain box, kinnikinnic, kil- likinnic (two tongue-twisters), uni- verse vine, brawlins, burren myrtle, creashak, sagachomi, rapper dandies. The last, to the fruit, seems to bring up an entire vision of moun- taineer It will be noted that bears, crows and foxes share this plant, in popular nomenclature, while it is called a berry, a myrtle and a box, to say nothing of a cranberry. * % ok X Gautheria procumbens, best known simply as wintergreen, is called vari- ously Spring wintergreen, creeping wintergreen, aromatic wintergreen, spicy wintergreen, checkerberry, tea- berry, partridgeberry, grouseberry, spiceberry, chickenberry, deerberry, groundberry, hilberry, ivyberry, box- berry, redberry, Canadian tea, moun- tain tea, ivory plum, chinks, drunk- ards, red pollom, rapper dandies, wax cluster. Surely, after all those, some definite name is needed. It will be noticed that names of other plants are used above, such as the partridgeberry, the favorite little plant for glass gardens in_bowls. Yerba santa is the best popular name of Eriodictyon californicum. In such cases & good popular name tends to supersede the scientific one, but even then it is essential that the Latin name define the plant once and for all, for all peoples and all lan- guages. It will be noted again that the first, or genus name, is capitalized, whereas the second, or species name, even if a proper name, is given a small letter. Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, is & popular garden specimen, as well as herb. It has a picturesque list of common names: Millefolium, milfoil, thousand-leaf, thousand-leaf clover, gordoloba, green arrow, soldier's woundwort, nosebleed, dog daisy, bloodwort, sanguinary, carpenter’s grass, old man’s pepper, cammock. In the first four names we see & common transformation, from the Latin to its corruption, then a transla- tion, then the addition of “clover” to | the translation, making the name de- | clare that the plant is a clover, when | it is no such thing. Such changes are all too common and constitute a real reason why those truly interested in the things of Na-| ture ought to make an attempt to| learn the scientific names of the| plants, animals, etc., in order that words used shall stand for something | definite and undoubted. Lobelia, Lobelia inflata, has been called Indian tobacco, wild tobacco, | asthma weed, gagroot, womitroot, | pukeweed, emetic herb, bladder pod, | low belia and eyebright. Common folks outdid themselves when they thought of digitalis, purple foxglove, thimbles, fairy cap, fairy thimbles, fairy finger, fairybells, dog's | finger, finger flower, lady's glove, | lady’s finger, lady’s thimble, popdock, | flapdock, flopdock, lion’s mouth, rab- | bit's flower, cottagers, throatwort, Scotch mercury! ‘The blessed thistle, Cnicus benedic- tusm, also is called the cursed thistle! Bitter nightshade, Solanum dulca- mara also goes by the names of bitter- sweet, dulcamara, nightshade, woody nightshade, amara duicis, fevertwig, violet bloom, blue bindweed, felonwort, poisonberry, ', pushion- berry, morel, snakeberry, wolfgrape, scarletberry, tetherberry, dwale, skaw- €00. ‘Who says that scientific names are not necessary? AND ATOMS R. HENRY. As strange as any medieval fantasy of a Baron Munchausen is the sober account presented to the Royal Geo- graphic Society by Ivan T. Sanderson, describing his animal collecting expe- dition into the highlands of the British Cameroons. It is & land where ant armies actu- ally attack native villages. Said San- derson: “Stepping out of the house, I could hardly believe my eyes, for the whole ground seemed to be moving toward me, making an eerie, rustling sound. An endless drove of ants was moving in the direction of the rest house con- taining poor Simms’ emaciated form. These ants have been known to sweep whole villages clean, including some of the inhabitants. They attack the eyes first, partially paralyzing their victims with tiny injections of formic acid, and eventually picking the skeleton clean. “Our boys fell out of the house in answer to my shouts and, filling their mouths with kerosene, squirted the vanguard before throwing down lighted matches. Then they built a low wall of burning grass at a tangent to the house. At first this did not check the ants, myriads of the little bodies piling up to a depth of over 6 inche$ and choking the fire. Even- tually the whole drove veered off the right and disappeared in the bush, | there can But two hours later they still were passing unabated and I suppose they continued the greater part of the night.” There Sanderson found hunting parties placing in their hair luminous centipedes which crawled about and became entangled in the long locks. ‘Thus they provide a strong green light by which members of the party can keep in touch with each other. In the same locality women are | painted brick-red after childbirth. It is a land where furniture “grows.” A chair, a table or a bed left on the dirt floor of one of the houses for a few weeks will be found a foot or so higher on the owner’s return, and with green branches sprouting from the legs. This is true even of some furniture of European manufacture. ‘Telegraph poles grow so rapidly the wires soon are out of sight. It is & land where grown men are chld only in long necklaces of many colors. They Need Competition. From the Rochester Times-Union. The Federal suit against the motion picture monopolies will, if successful, restore to that industry the competi- tion it so sorely needs, and perchance convert, the business into a profession. Newspapers, books, magasines, the stage and other services of kind must inevitably meet public demand or suffer loss. The screen alone gives the public what_the screen magnates believe the ic wants, and the The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. No one will accuse the Senate of rushing the President’s $4,880,000,000 work-relief bill to final enactment, no matter what they may say of the House. The course of the relief bill has been dogged with troubles. The bill came to the Congress in the first place in unfortunate shape. It was in effect a check made out to the President to be used as he desired. The President has never yet taken the Congress into his confidence, telling it exactly what he intends to do with the vast sum of money. One of the reasons for the last flare-up in the Senate over the conference report has been a widespread belief that the President intends to lend large sums of the money to various communities to buy up public utilities, particularly electric power plants. If the plants now privately owned are not to be purchased in some instances, then the money will be used to build new muni- cipal plants. In other words, the im- pression is abroad that the administra- tion intends to foster the policy of public ownership of utilities through legislation intended to give relief to the unemployed and the destitute, through appropriations that are in- tended to put food into the stomachs of the hungry and clothes on the backs of the shivering. All of this is per- haps due to the fact that no one has yet told Congress and the American people just what this vast sum of money is to be used for. Having observed the inclinations of some of the New Dealers when it comes to spending Government funds, and how they have spent it, there is distinct hesitation now on the part of many of the Senators. * %% % A little more frankness on the pari of the administration, and the relief bill might have been passed weeks and months ago. ‘There has now grown up a feeling that the admin- istration does not intend to deal frankly with Congress in this matter. And, furthermore, members are get- ting further and further away from the earlier acquiescence in the idea that President Roosevelt should be| given carte blanche to do as he deems wisest in the matter of recovery. One reason for this is the fact that -nefJ two years of the New Deal, recovery is still just around the corner. “An- other is that members are fearful that many of these so-called emer- gency measures of the New Deal, en- acted for.short periods of time and with promise of abandonment, wili become permanent policies from which the country will have no escape, if they are further continued. * % ¥ X A Democratic Senator, one whose democracy has never been questioned, rose in the Senate a couple of days ago and spoke out in meeting. He said in effect that the time had come for the Democrats to take stock of what was going on in the country; that it was time to quit merely pallia- tive measures, emergency measures, and get down to brass tacks, if there’ was to be recovery of business. He said he spoke in the hope of arousing his own party to the danger it faced in coming elections. s Sens- tor Tydings of Maryland. The burden of his plea was to get away from the emergency policies of the New Deal, the A. A. A, the N. R. A, and what not, and to take steps looking to the building up of foreign trade. He is strongly opposed to the policy of buflding up wealth through scarcity, which he charges is the philosophy of the New Deal. One of the remarkable things about the scene in the Senate was the fact none of the administration leaders rose to reply to Mr. Tydings when he made these attacks on the New Deal. He dubbed these Government agencies and the laws that created them “mon- strosities” and said it was time to wipe them off the books. Further l!v;gg in his address, Senator Tydings said: “What is the Democratic party now doing? I am not seeking to hurt the Democrats; but I believe the time has come to raise our voices in warning, for before another year shall have gone by there may not be the large Democratic majority here and in other places which we have enjoyed. We cannot go on running the Government on hot air, on money pulled down from the heavens which the taxpayers will have to pay back. We cannot continue on the philosophy of scarcity, of producing less and less and expect- ing to employ more and more people. We can no longer do that with any degree of succes, because the less work there is, the less we produce, the less employment there is. Up to this time the whole philosophy of the admin- istration, in my judgment. has been to produce less and to increase rather than to decrease the army of the un- employed.” =%t Senator Tydings is not bent merely on knocking down the New Deal, al- though he does not believe in the theories advanced by the New Dealers. He is anxious to see the United States go after foreign trade again in a con- structive way. Without a revival of international trade, he is convinced be no real and permanent recovery. He does not see how Ameri- can foreign trade will be advanced by cutting down American production of cotton, wheat and other things that this country used to sell abroad. He is convinced that foreign production will take the place of American pro- duction of these and other articles of commerce. And he is convinced also that it will be impossible to provide jobs for the unemployed by reducing production. Many people will agree with him. * ¥ % x The domination of State and mu- nicipal governments by the Federal Government becomes more and more apparent. The change in the old conditions, when the Federal Govern- | ind ment was a thing apart from the State and municipal governments, is largely due to the fact that the Fed- eral Government is now in a position to withhold vast sums of money or to ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Wt D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Do more men or women of this country play contract bridge?—S, D. A. Ely Culbertson estimates that about 65 per cent of the 15,000,000 contract piayers in the United States are women. Q. What kind of a glass was used to serve vodka?—E. D. A. The name of the glass was ryoumkah, It held about four table- spoonfuls. In kabaks (saloons) an ordinary plain heavy glass was used. In homes it was usually a stemmed glass imported from Bohemia vis Germany. Q. How many American motorists traveled in Canada in 1934?—D. J. A. About 3,261,000 tourists in cars entered the dominion in 1934. Q. Why is Death Valley in Cali- fornia so called?—G. R. A. Numerous stories have been told of the origin of the name. One is to the effect that a party of 50 emigrants en route to the California gold felds lost their way and died of thirst, Some say that the party was attacked by Indians and fought until the last man fell. Q. What is the national bird of Japan which appears so often in Japanese decoration?—D. S. A. There is no national bird of Japan, but one of the most popular birds and the one mose frequently seen in Japanese art is the Japanese crane called tancho-zuru. There are six other species of crane in Japan, but this is the familiar white-and- :mck plumaged species with the red Q. Does the consent of the family have to be obtained to perform an autopsy on an electrocuted criminal at Sing Sing?—R. W. A. Persons sentenced for murder in the first degree are confined in the death house within Sing Sing Prison and are electrocuted when their death sentences are affirmed by the Court of Appeals, New York's highest tri- bunal. no consent is asked or required. Q. What is & reredos in architec- turez—R. J. A. A reredos in church architecture is usually the screen back of the altar which 1s adorned with sculptured |work comprising the tabernacle, niches, statuary and the like. In some grea‘ cathedrals in England, such as Durham, Winchester and Saint Albans, the reredos is a mass of elaborate carving which reaches nearly to the graining. Q. What is the name of the prod used by an elephant trainer?—P.C. R. A. It is called an ankus. Q. What is the oldest farm in the United States>—C. M. S. A. What is believed by census enu- merators to be the oldest in the United States is a 7-acre farm near ¥Vsleta, Tex, which has been operated continuously since 1540. The farm was established in that year by the Pranciscans, who came to the New World with Coronado, and in 1550 the tract was granted to the church by the King of Spain. It is still owned and operated by the Pranciscan Fathers. Q. How should windows be washed? —C. W. A. Various cleaning mixtures may be used—clear water, or clear water with & few drops of ammonia, or with a little dissolved washing soda, about one tablespoonful to a pail of water, and on very cold days the cloth may be molstened with wood alcohol. This last makes a most efficient cleaner, but is expensive. Soap is less satisfactory because it leaves a film over the sure face of the glass. Try to clean win- dows when the sun is not shining on them directly, as it causes uneven evaporation of moisture and gives & streaked surface. Q. When did the Society for the Preservation of Spirituals have i's Spring concert?>—H. J. A. The society presented its annual Spring concert at the Academy of Music in Charleston, 8. C, on March 28. Q. How many child workers have been taken out of factories by the N. R. A. codes?—E. C. A. Approximately 100,000 child work- | Autopsies are mandatory and | ers have been removed from factory work by provisions of the N. R. A. Q. How many soldiers hold adjusted compensation certificates?—F. 8. C. A. Approximately 3,530,000 fermer soldiers hold adjusted compensation certificates and would be entitled to the bonus payment. Q. Please pronounce the surname of the painter, Jonas Lie—~M. T. A. It is pronounced as if spelled “Lee.” Q. What is Bill Robinson's standing as a tap dancer?—H. M. A. He is one of the world’s great- est dancers and an expert at tap dancing. He originated the famous “climb-the-steps” routine, which is used so extensively in musical shows. It is a tap dance that is done on a flight of stairs. Q. What are the five principal causes of death among children under 1 year of age in this country?—M. E. A. They are premature birth, diarrhea and enteritis, broncho-pneu- monia, congenital malformations, in- jury at birth, Q. What are the best fruits for jelly making?—G. F. D. A. In the order of their desirability: Currant, crab apple, apple, quince, grape, blackberry, raspberry and plum. Q. What is the name of the new safe explosive’—S. R. A. It is called nitramon and is about 20 per cent stronger than TNT, but cannot be detonated by the most powerful blasting caps, flame or impact. Q. Is there a Baker estate in liti- gation>—F. M. A. The promoters of this hoax, which was called the Baker Inherit- ance Association, have recently been sentenced to six years’ imprisonment. Q. What proportion of the total land area of the United States was | originally covered with forests?>—D. D. | A. Nearly one-half, or about 822- | 000,000 acres. There are now about | 162,000,000 acres of forests. | Q. What does Augean mean?— | A. It means filthy. The allusion is to the stables of Augeas, king of Elis, whose stables containing 3,000 oxen | had not been cleaned in 30 years. One of the tasks of Hercules was to clean these stables. This he did in one day by turning two rivers through them. Q. How many people live in com- munities with no hospital service?— R.E N. A. The Modern Hospital says that 31,000,000 persons in the United States live in areas which are lacking | In hospital and health service. Q. Why are there holes in Swiss cheese?—C. W. B. A. Gases are produced by the action of certain bacteria in the curds of Swiss cheese. The holes result from the liberation of the gas. Signing of the constitution for the Philippines by President Roosevelt re- news interest in the progress of the islands toward the independence that is planned to follow 10 years of vir- tual dominion status. Some Ameri- cans suspect that the Filipinos may not be so eager for freedom as the time for separation from the United States approaches. “Economically, the experiment does not look promising,” according Newark (N. J.) Evening News, which offers the explanation of its view: “President Hoover denounced this in- dependence bill and it was passed over his veto. When rejected by the Pilipinos because of some objection- able features, it was modified slightly, but it remains more of a bill to pro- tect certain American industries from Pilipino competition than a bill in the economic interest of the islanders. WM the economic and political con! n there is in the world at | present, it is safest to regard the next 10 years as a period of experiment, in which the United States, as well as the greatest wisdom and restraint.” “Experienced observers, among them W. Cameron Forbes, a former Gov- ernor General of the Philippines,” says the Pasadena (Calif.) Star-News, “believe it to be quite possible that the Filipinos may request a modification of the independence act, in view of the special dangers that are arising. Mr. Forbes said recently: ‘I feel, and a great many Americans and Fili- pinos feel, that the problems that will confront the islands, to go on without their own navy, their own guns and their own trade avenues, are extremely serious’ The responsibility of the United States in this matter is grave, as Mr. Forbes sees it.” “This country will retain control over the debt of the islands, the cur- decisiol shower these State and local govern- | for ments with money. Every State and city in the country turns hungry eyes to Washington. Some make no pre- tense of putting up & full share of the money needed for relief. They simply them as never before in the past. The States and cities argue that if their taxes or their borrowings are in- creased they will face loss of credit and ruin financially. So they turn to the Federal Government for funds. So far the Federal Government has done little about increasing taxes. It to the | Filipinos, will need to exercise the | Think Filipinos May Weaken In Desire for Independence which joined forces with FPilipino politicos to sever ties of thirty-five years, have gone a long way toward accomplishing their none too noble ends. If present plans materialize the Philippines will blossom forth as's sovereign republic at the end of a decade and the United States will cease to have a territorial interest in the troublesome Far East. In some | respects the United States may be bet- ter off if such a separation takes place. Under certain circumstances it might be better to have the separa- tion completed more quickly and more definitely.” “Apparently, the prospect is pleas- ing to the majority of Filipinos,” in the opinion of the Canton (Ohio) Re- pository, while the Syracuse (N. Y.) Herald feels that “public opinion in this country is fully reconciled to the legislation,” and the Jackson (Mich.) Citizen-Patriot remarks that “our Government will be responsible for at least eleven more years.” “They have agitated for freedom so long that it will be difficult for them to turn back now,” thinks the Salem (Mass.) Evening News. The Rochester (N. Y.) Times-Union suggests: “The element of danger to the Philippines in a completely independent status les in the possibility that some power might seize the islands and impose a rule less satisfactory than that of the United States.” ——————— The Law in Congress. Prom the Rockford Re; - The Government is still ru% fn a large part by lawyers. A survey shows there are 327 lawyers in . Incidentally, there is only one radio announcer. oo Home Comforts. From the Detroit News. A doctor has succeeded in isolating the poison in poison ivy. With this, and a few ants in the kitchen, he is o | able to camp indoors. The Bonus. From the Nashville Tennessean. After all these years even the most disinterested veterans are the bonus of contention. g e | A Rhyme at Twilight L1 [ By, Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Dewberry Trail Gypsy, gypsy, where are you roam- ing to? ‘Thin as & switch, with soft brown eye, All your belon; swu) th = gings ng on the hip And in your hand a dewberry pie. » | Gypsy, gypsy, I'm calling after you. Pause for a second as you slip by. T'll give all I own, every red cent of it, Just for a bite of your black fruit pie. Gypsy, gypsy, why should we tether you?— Footing your trail in a limber run, Bathing in forest pools, soft rain for melody, made of pine needles warmed by the sun. g ]