Evening Star Newspaper, May 10, 1933, Page 8

TUAY S 4 THE EVENING STAR —__With Sunday Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY. ....May 10, 1033 THEODORE W. NOYES... .Bditor Star N The lvuhz‘m ewspaper Company 11th_St. ‘and F iv‘nm New York Office: 110 it Chicago Office: _un,aneh:.gt European Office: llhn&l‘n glfloh hen 4 Sundays ening_and Sunday T hen "5 "Bundars) d Sunday Sta T oection made at the end of Ordérs may he sent in by mail of NAtional 5000. Rate Mail—Payable in Advanee. Maryiand and Virgiaus. Dally ll'\lfl 8und i ily only .. Sunday only All Other States and Canada. Carrier Within the City. Btar, Sc per menth Pro 1is exclusively entitled atches credited to it or not othe: ‘cred- e Jn s saper, andslio Dot Vet vy :;l'b dispatches herein are siso reserved. Efficiency and Quota Basis. Because some members of the Ap- propriations Committee have been un- able to agree on the wording of the suggested modification, it appears that the new provision contained in the in- dependent offices supply bill relating to discharges under the so-called “quota rule” will remain unchanged. This provision states that “in mak- ing reductions of personnel, due regard shall be given to the apportionment of sppointments as provided in the civil service act.” This provision, of course, is contrary to the fundamentals of the merit sys- tem and invites & return to the long- ago repudiated theory that positions in Federal service are the spoils of political victory. The provision should be knocked out of the bill, unless it is intended to complicate civil serv- ijce administration and add another weapon to the hands of those who would impair efficiency as an ald to politics. The saving clause in the old appor- tionment of offices rule was that this rule should be invoked “as nearly as the conditions of good administration will warrant.” That clause placed nec- essary discretion in the hands of the Civil Service Commission. Without such discretion the apportionment rule would have been plainly contradic- tory to the other part of the civil serv- ice act, which requires that “offices, places and employments * * * shall be filled by selections according to grade from among those graded highest as the results of such competitive exami- nations.” It is a practical impossibility to fill positions in the classified civil service acording to State quotas, and at the same time fill them on the basis of competitive examinations, open to all the people in the country. It was, moreover, soon discovered after the civil service law's enactment that it is & physical impossibllity to maintain the quota basis for the obvi- ous reason that in normal times there is a scarcity of applicants from States far distant from Washington. Resi- dents of the States, occupled by inter- ests in their own vicinity, found no inducement in taking examinations for appointment to a low-paid clerkship in Washington, hundreds or thousands of miles away. But the vacancies had to be filled and were filled by the most highly-rated applicants, necessarily re- gardless of residence. This naturally increased the representation of the District of Columbis and of neighboring States far above the quotas assigned them on the basis of population. ‘When the war came along the Civil Bervice Commission was obliged to fill some 80,000 new positions in Washing- ton. There was a shortage of eligibles. ‘When there is a shortage of eligibles apportionment, of course, must go by the board. After the war great num- bers of employes, who had been ap- pointed without regard to apportion- ment, were covered into the civil serv- ice by executive order, while veterans were given preference, appointed and, umtil 1930, assigned to State quotas. Naturally, the apportionment—never practical anyhow—was thrown consider- ably out of gear. The apportionment provision ap- piies only to positions in the classified civil service in Washington, of which there are only some 33,000, about half the total number of Government jobs in Washington and eight per cent of those throughout the country. It is un- thinkable that because men and women were offered the opportunity for employ- ment in Washington on the basis of merit, qualified themselves in competi- tive examination for those positions and accepted appointment in good faith, they are now to be threatened with dis- eharge because too many of them may have come from a certain State or the District of Columbia. It is dificult to canceive of such policy being written into the law. Efficiency should, of course, be the predominating factor in selection of civil service eligibles. The proposed discharge of employes on & quota basis, affecting many who were never selected on s quota basis, will, together with veterans’ preference, the thirty-year re- tirement plan and the elements of de- pendency, longevity and marital status, further undermine eficiency in the elassified service. —_————————— Nearing Completion. It is something especially gratifying to-the soul to witness the last stages ©f labor on a great new building. . Just now such a spectacle is afforded by the Post Office Department edifice at Pennsylvania avenue and Twelfth street. For months the site has been a scene of action, with scores of men moving over it in the performance of the miracle of construction. Each of these workers has been taking part in the iereation of a masterpiece of practical architecture, and each must feel the ‘The Post Office Department Buil symbolizes/in itself all the monumental structures of tha past, mepmodusss sl featien 40 agree, if the Geneva Disasms- hetber dan & plsin hard-workin® the. discoveries of Few Pyramids, obelisks and temples against the sky. The Greeks, too, led by Pericles, guided by Ictinus, Callicrates and Pheidias, and the Romans, cap- tained by Augustus Caesar, are repre- sented in the basic elements of the conception, while the cathedral guilds which invented the Norman and the Gothic styles of “frozen music” are remembered for their several contri- butions to the philosophy of architec- tural histology. All are here—the plus values of their intelligence and tofl, undying in the recollection of mankind. It appears to be a good tradition Which associates the gradual causative mutation of a monumental butlding with the simile of weaving. Metaphor- ically, the new Post Office Department Bullding is a tapestry of construction and into it have been woven threads Whose origin is lost in distant mystery, but whose pragmatic significance is that of sturdy cables to bind together the future, the present and the past; to preserve the integrity of the race and to render our generation worthy of its place in imperishable time. —————————— Bank Reform. After weeks of delay, during which efforts have been made to reconcile the differences between Senator Glass and other congressional leaders in banking legislation and the Secretary of the Treasury, the bank reform bill is at last today brought into the open, with the belief that President Roosevelt will sup- port it. The new measure, which will be introduced by the Virginia Senator, i3 of far-reaching effect. Its purpose is to limit the kind of business which y be done by banks of deposit to a business and to divorce these rity and other in- t least in part, dbjections of the ad- to insurance of bank de- posits. For example, full insurance is given to deposits up to $10,000, 75 per cent insurance to deposits between $10,000 and $50,000, and 50 per cent in- surance to deposits from $50,000 up. Furthermore, the insurance feature is not to be made operative until July 1, 1934. The reason given for this is to allow time during which an examination some opposition on Capitol Hill, where the argument is made that this is the time, of all others, when immediate lence in the banks is necessary to the banks back to the fullest use institutions. has been strong opposition to bill, particularly among some York bankers. The bill, as stands, has been amended 30 as prevent, after two years, private these ‘There hind which the opponents of other pro- visions of the measure have fought. Unless the strong arm of the admin- istration is placed firmly behind this bank reform bill, the prospects of its passage at the present special session of Congress do not appear particulsrly bright. The opposition is expected sgain to marshal its forces when the measure comes up for consideration. It has first to be acted upon by the Senate committee. President Roosevelt in his inaugural address, and in his messages to the Congress, has declared the need of permanent bank reform legisiation and promised it. ———— A prize radio feature would be a world broadcast of the interview when Mary Garden carries out her threat to speak her mind to Mr. Insull ———r——— The End of Isolation. It was the privilege of the House of Commons yesterday to hear from Prime Minister MacDonald some Amer- fcan news hitherto kept from public knowledge in the United States. Amid cheers from all parts of the House, Mr. MacDonald announced (1) that an immediate Anglo-American tariff truce is in sight; (2) that the United States is prepared to take part in consultstive pacts for the “tranquilizing of Europe, and (3) that there is to be a “concur- rent” discussion of war debts while the London Economic Conference is in progress. With respect to consultative pacts and the debts, Mr. MacDonald told Parliament that “there is & com- plete union of opinion” between the British and American Governments, re- sultant from his recent conversations at Washington with President Roosevelt. Except in those quarters which still hold to the belief that economic and political nationalism, & policy of self- containment which would ignore the existence of any world beyond our own shores, 1s the wisest course for America to steer, Prime Minister MacDonald's announcement will be hailed in the United States as one of the most strik- ing evidences of the New Deal yet manifested. Overshadowingly the most important - revelation is the reported willingness of the Roosevelt adminis- ‘ . THE - EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY, MAY 10, 1933. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. construction art.| ament Conference gets anywhare, to the technique |put the influence of the United States Government behind movements designed “to increase the security of Europe and the safety of threatened nations against war” Mr. MacDonald rightly says that “this is a very considerable advance.”. It is almost a sensational advance. If borne “There is no more obnoxious visitor to ly confident in the face of some promel inimical insect | intellectually humble person who knows out by that “Washington announce- tha: ment” which, aecording to the prime minister, “will be made in due time, when the matter is further considered and its details dealt with,” it means that America’s isolation from world af- fairs, in the post-war irreconcilable sense, is ended. It means that once again, as between 1917 and 1919, the United States has made up its mind to be one of the powers allied and asso- ciated for the preservation of world peace. ) ‘The House of Commons was reminded that this development, described by Sir Austen Chamberlain as “the best news that has come to Europe from America for many s long day,” began in the closing days of the Hoover administra- tion. The reference is to Secretary Stimson’s statement regarding the need to re-define neutrality. The Roosevelt administration is categorically pledged by Mr. MacDonald “to going further in making its obligations quite definite and suthoritative.” It is to be hoped that President Roosevelt will lose no time in elucidat- ing & situation which marks, on its face, an important departure in our foreign policy. It is a departure wholly con- sistent with our obligations under the Kellogg pact. To consult with co-sig- natories of that multilateral treaty for preservation of world peace is but to “implement” it—to “put teeth” into the pact, as the project long has been called. International consultation for peace is a principle to which the United States subscribed eleven years ago at Wash- ington, when the four-power Pacific pact was concluded. For the past year and a half we have been “consulting” with the League of Nations powers on ways and means for endjng war and promoting justice in the Far East. We live in a changing world. We are about to embark upon a supreme effort to regenerate that world in an economic sense. Our emissaries in Europe are at this moment pressing for disarmament and tariff agreements to that end. For America to agree to consult with Europe for general and enduring peace purposes is & natural concomitant of our -activities in other directions. To refuse to do so would convict this. country of a lamentable lack of perspective at a time when cur- rent realities have to be faced and an- clent prejudices relegated. —_——————— Many will regard the reference of Postmaster General Farley to “the proc- ess of placing in office of those sym- pathetic with our aims” as a polite way of saying what a large number of office holders were fearing. — e One form of international exchange need never worry the tariff students. There is no demand in America for European base ball players to compete for high salaries. * —_——————— Censure of Hitler will be regarded as unnecessary so long as he can be en- couraged to talk freely and aliow the public to draw its own conclusions. —————— Doubts*as to whether Gandhi can . | survive his latest fast should persusde him to reconsider. A fighter for a cause is usually at his best while still alive. — e It is feared that a farm holiday may cause the agriculturist to sit om the political fence and work on the sharp- est stick he has ever whittled. Exchange is enabling money to talk louder than usual in telling one nation what another thinks of it. ——oe—s. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Trying Again, We gaze and gaze and gaze and gaze. ‘We hope to gain a fleeting view Of Life and Truth's mysterious ways, And sometimes we learn something new. ‘We walk and walk and walk and walk. ‘The journey seems seems to have no end. And yet we plod and do not balk, For now and then we meet a friend. ‘We read and read and read and read, We find at last some tiny hint That seems to meet our specia) need, ‘Well worth the putting into print. ‘We talk and talk and talk and talk With serlousness or glee immense. We chatter, chirp or squeal or squawk And sometimes talk a little sense. A Man and His Party. “How would you like a surprise party?” said the dsughter who wants to make life pleasant for the family. “T've got one,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I never know exactly how it is going to vote.” Jud Tunkins says in his town they want to charge one nickel for carfare and ancther for tax. The only way he can see out of the jam s to expand the currency and give out two mickels for |3 five cents. The Art of Jollification. A man may be sincere and strong, Yet poor and melancholy, While one less gifted gets along By knowing how to jolly. The Formidable Word “Old.” “Everybody wants to be up to the minute now,” said the busy girl. “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne, ‘T'm almost afraid to enjoy myself reading the Old Testament for fear a friend will report that I am behind the times.” “To have an honestly good opinion of yourself,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown.” is desirable if you can de- serve it. To flatter yourself is a very foolish effort to decelve.” Impractical Sympathy. Some tender-hearted folk I know Their sense of fitness seem to lose. Unshod they'd let poor children go And buy a snowbird overshoes. “Ome thing dat’s lable to cause di vorces,” said Uncle Eben, “is & a good guitar player kin make love so much man” s sundial. : Madame instantly proclaims it peison vy. ‘Do not touch that!” she shrieks, in great alarm. “It is vy.” leaves of the 11y grow. In- groups. of ves e vy grow in gr of three, not five, can sway her opm. ‘The fact that she the gar- dener does know about such things, and that she, herself, has just admitted her own ignorance, never seems to enter her head. * ok k¥ ‘This type of “know-it-all” grows worse with the years. There i8 no hope of salvation, be- cause the primary need in all reforma~ = er dulre.ubl:;dr 1l;pun hu- w better, is u lacking. suvpooesm knowledge, or at claimed knowledge, sogthes some tem- Ppers beyond belief. Prior confession of ignorance is just & blind. Such a victim of himself (or herself) has dncx;:er:ld mtl:t ‘.l profession of ig- norance al to save obdurately, to be sure, attempts to call one’s bluff. * % ¥ ¥ It might seem to the innocent that few persons would attempt this sort of thing, but the truth is the oppo- site, and it will not take long to dis- cover why. why. This ga'lon has real ability at picking those who will put up with such an outrageous method, which one sec- ond proclaims utter lack of knowledge, the very next sets itself up as both ju%e and jury. e one who must suffer this indig- nity to intelligence always is selected because of that touch of genuine .hu- mility which is always associated with some knowledge. Onlr the man or woman who has achieved at least an approach to real knowledge of any sub- ject is ever humble, ‘The dzbbler, the sheer dilettante in any line, is grossly egotistical, because ! ashamed he does not know enough to be of all he does not know. Especially he lacks reverence for all that yet re- mains to be known. * k k¥ ‘The more one knows, on any subject, the more inclined he is to deprecate his own knowledge, in view of the vast realms as yet unexplored. ‘The one who knows little, and is even wil to admit it, nevertheless is willing instantly to show his E\Ie" colors by claiming everything in sight. What can this be but an attempt to carry over into the realm of the mind the tricks that work in the physical world? talk, loud talk, bluster—these normally succeed better than they de- serve. Confidence, that divine quality, is abused along with the rest. No one could be more confident, in scattered all over the world. Let no one anywhere flatter himself (or herself) with the belief that he or she is unique. % % x They all “get away with it” because do certain ability in se- eciing their victims, o Almost without exception they talk their loudest and are their most su- the difference between knowledge and bombast, but seldom, if ever, says so! Emumvmmm-nw— such persons. One’s fire must be reserved for com- bating the honest errors of those who have made some approach to wisdom, but who have made errors of judgment somewhere along the line. seif proclaimed ~experts” on every Sub- -proc] “e: " on ject under the sun, who bothers about them anyway? e * * Arrogance ever defeats its own pur- pose. Its effort to deprecate the knowledge of another, setting up a counter claim, immediately after proclaiming its own ignorance, is essentially an attemp: to belittle. By admitting that it knows nothing, and then attempting to say something, it says, in effect: “Even my no-knowl- edge is better than your some-knowl- 6. To this there is properly no answer, wl g a bri of tricks into the realm of men this is precisely what the decent mind will not do. ok x As a corollary, the mind which likes to inject, or to attempt to inject, the physical into the mental, has another cute little trick up its flowing sleeve. These people always know somebody else who has something more wonder- ful, more beautiful, more interesting. Mentality has achieved something, modest though it may be, and, being human, desires it to receive a little To praise, however, and let it go at that, is not in the book of conduct of our hero or heroine today. She—and almost always it is a she, in this neat speclalty—will utter a few mouthfuls of praise—at a price. * k% % ‘The price is to be able to instance, just as an afterthought, and perhaps some time later, that Mr. So-and-So, who the victim may or may not know, has a very, very beautiful collection. The way this is put usually carries the implication that some way Mr. So- and-So’s efforts have been a trifle more successful, or that they have cost more money, or manage to carry more in- trigue. Mr. So-and-So is “such a charming man,” how could he help but attain superior results? only works once on the same person, or not more than twice, even with the most innocent. * Xk x ‘They soon realize that Madame is simply “blowing her own horn” blowing scme one else’s, safely, where | they can’t hear her. | One smiles, but says nothing. Madame, no_doubt, when she visits the garden of Mr. So-and-So, will say, “Ah, beautiful. I was over at Mr. Templeton Jones’ the other day, and it was simply wonderful, a really ravish- ing garden, my dear, so exquisite, 50 | filled with . really inf Alas, poor Mr. So-and-So! WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC ‘War debts—the Banquo's ghost of the Hoover administration and no less & specter dllflngefihe New Deal thus far- are to faced at last, and soon. ‘The show-down is due before June 1, by which time President Roosevelt is definitely to present Congress with some kind of a request for powers to deal with the debts. If the request were .to be sent to Capitol Hill today, with_the outright understanding that the President wants suthorly to declare s moratorium and, if necessary, to revise the debts downward, the chances are 10 to 1 that Mr. Roosevelt would en- counter the first rebuff offered him since March 4. Congress is not as 100 per cent anti-debt concessions as it seems to be. Indications are ample that what House and Senate desire to escape is the onus of making concessions. They prefer to have some cne else assume the bility. Scores of memb;‘fl of Congress were elected on an anti-can- cellation platform. Many say it wouldn't be safe for them' to face the folks back home if their votes were ever recorded in favor of debt reduction. But if, somehow, the buck can be passed to the President and thus save their faces, that would be a different matter. How to sccomplish this is belleved to be the nut which both ends of Pennsylvania avenue are now trying to crack. That a solution will be found in time for the Preside the debts for bargain- ing m;?x:o::“:: the London Economic Conference is the general expectation itol. nfluclpw"*. ;M of the Nation,” 4. Another high biain trust, Prof beginning June functionary of the Rex Tugwell, Assist- culture, is author off the press, entitled attempt to get o losophy of scientific ent in in- how the kind of dustry and tries to show the kind of ttitude necessary e, if the industrial structure i to be o successfully maintained. * kX K % g g L WILLIAM WILE. | sentative Harry A. Estep, Republican, | but, having presented a certificate of election from the State of Pennsyl- vania, Mr. Ellenbogen was automati- cally enrolled as a member of the House. Though he has never appeared to take the oath of office or drawn pay, he was assigned posses- Building. Mr. Ellenbogen is a lawyer. His good Teutonic name means “eclbow,” and presumably he will work his way into Congress next month, with the O. K. of a House Elec Committee to which his case was referred. * k% x If President Roosevelt finds it pos- sible to open the Century of Progress World Fair at Chicago May 27, thus keeping a promise to late Mayor occasion to officiate there at another dedication. The Great Lakes to the Gulf waterway, which bisects Illinois, is abou augural ceremony was not to take place until mid-June, but the President has expressed his willing- ness to set the waterway formally ‘x motion if the function can be m to synchronize with the World Fair curtain-raiser. Secretary Dern und the Army engineers, who built the canal, are working w‘th‘n‘cm‘i, Radio authorities estimate President Roosevelt on May 7 more people than ever before . ‘The President had a net- work of 150 stations, ¢ncluding both great national chains. re are said to be about 16,000,000 radio sets in use in the United States. Allowing for 1,000,000 out of action or out of for one reason or anoher, probabl 15,000,000 sets were tuned in last Sun- day evening. As it is calculated that an average of not fewer than 2 or 3 persons per set listen to a program, radio’s statisticians reckon that at least 40,- Spring tourists, convention attend- ants and other tax-paying patriots who yright, 1933.) —————— In the Big Town. The Oil Man’s Job. Prom the Louisville Times. Pouring ol on tHe troubled waters of the chief job of the peesent, the industry is petroleum men at ty, and | ‘The trouble with this trick is that it | things.” | statue or a symbol. the Tony Cermak, he plans on the same | crim t ready to be unveiled. The fn- | giving x and co-operation Scores the Defiance Of the “Gold Hoarder” To the Bgitor of The Btar: such against unpatriotic hoarders to be un- constitutional, other than mere self- satisfaction to himself and “Co-operation and assistance” is the battle cry now. We've had enough of the balking mule attitude in the last Congress. W. RAY CARPENTER. Issue_ Billions Based On Prospective Debts To the Editor of The Star. As one not pretending to deep finan- cial erudition, I have the following sug- gestion to offer provided you deem it of sufficient potential utility to warrant| Ppublication. Inasmuch as the present monetary deflation may be attributed in part to the vast volume of European war debts atill oul ing, why might not sev- eral billions of ordinary currency be issued against these debts, redeeming Liberty bonds therewith, and then re- tiring the currency in future years as fast as the war debts are paid? This would be swelling the bulk of actual circulating medium only tempo- rarily, to offset the deficit caused by the advance of funds to England and Prance for financing the World War. Perhaps the simplest mode of ab- sorbing the resultant inflation would be to destroy the money repaid on the debts as received, the effect of the trans- action being equivalent to an immediate total realization of these immobilized assets at a time when so sorely needed to improve prices, stimulate business and increase employment. ‘WILFRED STEVENS. e The Golden Angel on The Mormon Temple | To the Editor of The Star. We cannot pass Sixteenth and Har- vard streets without looking up at the golden figure on the spire of the new Mormon Temple. With what consum- mate skill the artist shows the spirit of the angel who is so boldly proclaim- ing his message! In every line and curve of that heroic form, in the poise of the body and tilt of the trumpet, there is a vigor and fearlessness that arTests attention. No shadow of doubt nor trace of wavering weakens the call ;h\u literally proclaimed from the This striking conception of the last ! trump that shall sound is more than a It almost seems an impending event and bids us pause for reflection. Were we a member of remained, through these changing times, well grounded in the old fundamentals, we might have some apprehensions as to just how soon this golden trumpet may sound. W. E. THARP. o ——— Publici!y Should Check Loss in ‘Numbers’ Game To the Editor of the Star: I think your articles on the “num- bers” game, which according to your paper takes some $20,000 a day out of the pockets of salaried people of Wash- ington, are very commendable. ‘They should bring home to those peo- ple who are throwing their money away, and are being gypped by these small times gamblers, a word of admonition and warning. I assume that it is the unintelligent class, which does not have the benefit of substantial advice, that is falling for this racket, and if your ar- ticles are continued and are dominat- ing enough with the 122,000 Evening Star readers, they are bound to put a in this graft that is taking money required for the necessities of life from people who can {ll afford it. 1 sincerely trust the publicity you are this petty gambling, which in the aggregate costs the people of Wash- ington so much, within a short space of time effectively minimize this ‘waste. CLARENCE W. GROSNER. e Ambassador Daniels, Prom the Nashville Banner. It a rs that Communists in Mex. by way of protest minn Josephus Daniels as Aml or. The circumstance that he was Sec- ively | retary of the Navy at the time of the bombardment of Vera Cruz in 1914 was utilized to inflame an element of the population against Mr. Daniels, but the responsible officials made it plain that such was not the attitude of the gov- ernment. The attempt to wreck the train upon which Mr. Daniels was traveling is charged to Communistic plotting. The talk which Mr. Daniels made to the newspaper correspondents at the embassy soon after his arrival was in pleasing vein. He declared that it would be his primary purpose “to seek better understanding and co-operation in relations and in improvement of commerce and trade between the United States and Mexico.” Closest association should exist between the two republics. “It is the common terrif tains divided nations; we now know they united them. It is now agreed e | that what concerns one nation concerns all. Aloofness and isolation forever are ended. Nations must co-operate in their problems. 3 “Mexico and the United States are brothers in every matter. It is incon- ceivable that one can erflrper without the The principles of mutual by Ambassad Belated Mud. Prom the Rochester Times-Union. Rain of mud is reported in Don't the Oklahoma folks know the campaign was last year and not this year? —_— e Towa Judiciary. Prom the Detroit Yews. Mother’s New Hat. From the Des Moines Register. A millinery situation has aris:n in which the child’s hat may be cut down o St.the mother. . [ “more than 20 oo v; r:xhnunlve research on any sul 2 ite your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and ad- dress and inclose three cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Do not use post cards. The reply is sent direct to the . Address The ormation _Bureau, Haskin, Director, Washing- Q. Does President Roosevelt speak German as well as Prench?’—W. W. A. He speaks both fluently. Q. Is it true that more than 60 per cent of this country’s imports are ad- mitted free of duty?—C. H. M. A. In 1932 the value of free goods imported into this country amounted goods amounted to $443,697,000. Ac- cording to these figures, the value of was far more than 60 per . | free goods cent of imports by value. Q. How many countries do not have capital punishment?—A. T. L. A. There are in ‘which there is no death sentence. In three others 1t has been abrogated through disuse. Q. What proportion of the deposits in banks at the-time of the moratorium is still tied up?—I. D. L. A. The total deposits of all banks at the time of the moratorium was ap- $5,000,000,000 of this was tied up in banks which did not reopen. “Ehis would be about 12 per cent. Q. What is a book machine?—B. R. ! A It is a typewriter so arranged | that typing may be done in a book. Q. Does the human voice compare ;'lflé a reed or stringed instrument?— A. It may be compared with either. In fact all musical instruments except | percussion instruments are based on the | same principle as the human voice. Q. Who was responsible for the re- form after the Crimean War?>—M. T. T. A._Alexis Soyer, a French chef, went to England after the Revolution of 11830. In 1847 he was sent to Ireland | during a famine to conduct a la: number of kitchens providing food at low cost. In 1855 he went to the | Crimea, where, with Florence Njght- | ingale, he directed reforms in the | dietaries of the military hospitals. Through his influence, radical reforms were introduced in hospital and bar- rack rations after this war. Q. Can air be seen?—G. H. A. At times, it can. When thrown into agitation by heat it may be seen above a stove or rising from the heated ground. Q. How many Jews are there i Germarny?—M. T. A. There are about 565,000. Q. What is the meaning of the word “Rubaiyat”?—E. 8. A. It is the plural form of the word “rubai,” which in poetry means a quat- rain. Q. How much feed does it take to gxppLon a farm horse for one year?— A. The Horse Association of America says that a horse or mule at work on . | of pasture, to $879,048,000. The value of dutiable | proximately $43,000,000,000, and about | in hospital and army rations| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. the farm consumeés annually about 70 bushels of oats, 15 or 20 bushels of wm,ltol'/,tlamc‘»}lhgymdm-m plus the aftermath of meadows, grain stubble and stalk flelds. This takes, roughly, the crops from 2% to 3 acres of Tood corn belt land, or 4 to 5 acres of less productive land. Q. Who originated the suit values used in contract bridge?—s. 8. A were suggested by Harold 8. Vanderbiit and are called the Vander- bilt count. Q. How long has Lenin AD R ng been dead?— A. Over nine years. He died at near Moscow, January 21, 1924, 5 g Q. Are there white and yellow Dar- vl:_ tulips?—D. L. Originally this group of tul coniained no’ whites and no yellows, but both colors have now been added. Q What is the percentage of in- sanity due to alcoholism among the n;fléntvsv at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital?— A. The office of Dr. Willlam A. White, director of St. Elizabeth’s Hos- pital for the insane, says that sta- tistics for the percentage of insanity due to_alcoholism are not available. The office mentioned above does not con= sider that such statistics, if available, would be worth much, as there are 50 many contributing factors other than the ~consumption of alcohol which might cause the mental condition. Q. Which is the oldest of the fing arts?—C. P. A. Architecture is the most ancien The earliest dated architectural res mains are those of othe Babylonians, from as far back as"6000 B.C. There building material was brick and they were the first to construct vaults and arches. V Q. Will you please tell me, in daysy the average life of a honey bee’—S. A. A. The majority of pees, which are | known as workers, are thought to live | from one to nine months. The life of | the queen bee is rarely more than three | years, | Q In racing news, how is this | total_secured—3 races, '$91.60; 5 races, $190.20; 8 races, $294.20?—F. Y. A. This is the total of the odds paid |against the first three horses in each |race. The odds paid to win, place an | show on the first horse, place and sho |on second horse and show on third | horse are added together. This is for each race. A total is made of thy first three races, of the first five and | the entire card. Q. How do foods compare chemically | with the human body?—D. S. A. The substances which nourish the body are quite similar in chemical com« position to the body itself. They are made up of from fifteen to twenty chemical elements. Q. Is Buddha believed to be & god by his followers?—P. C. A. With all the admiration which they give him, his followers do make a god of him. Gautams is mere- ly the last Buddha, the one of the pres- ent cycles. Twenty-four Buddhas of past cycles are enumerated. Death of Dr. Pelix Adler recalls the service that he gave from his earliest years to the task of establishing higher ethical standards for the world. It is recorded that in his efforts to improve conditions in New York City he was at one time associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt. clety for Ethical Culture is declared to have been very fruitful, his influence in establishing kindergarten education is praised, and the honors bestowed upon him in the collegiate world are considered well earned. He united the practical with the ideal. “He bore an effective part,” says the Providence Journal, “in the progress of humanity toward the goal which, at eighty-one, he described in the follow- ing words: ‘The ideal destiny of man- kind is to develop a higher human type than exists at present. I mean by this to set free the gifts, the talents, the Tes| bilities that are latent in all men. ' I speak of an ideal goal. There every faculty with which men are endowed would be brought out in such a manner that no one faculty would dominate the rest’” The Journal “ethical culture as a philosophy was Dr. Adler’s great contribution to mankind,” but that “he was active in a multitude of good causes—the suppression of the white-slave traffic and the old red-light district, the establishmment of free nursing in connection with dispensaries, the introduction of manual training and art into the schools, the suppression of child labor, the development of munici- pal housing and prison reform. Since 1902,” continues the Journal, “he had been’ professor of political and social ethics at Columbia, and in 1908 he was the Roosevelt exchange professor in Berlin. In 1923 he was Hibbert lecturer at Oxford.” That paper declares that “a mighty force making for hteous- ness has departed from our world,” and that “thoughtful men all over the globe pause as the announcement of his death reaches them,” to pay tribute to him. “America has lost one of the noblest spirits, who quickened the souls of two generations,” according to the Birming- ham Age-Herald, which records that he “was truly a world figure,” and “his ideas were almost as fruitful abroad as they were here.” The Age-Herald adds that “his doctrine of the independence and the pra veness of morality and his emphasis upon right living as the great aim aave been incorporated into the phumug::ey of civilized men every- where.” Observing that “the genuine- ness and beauty of his idealism came to be universally recognized, the Birm- ingham paper remarks: ‘“The move- ment wif wbheich his nnen; hla heti,ome synonymous began as an educational en- terprise for the poor and dispossessed, and grew in that field into one of the But it also held spiritual, rather than religious, meetings, attracting some of the best minds in the community. But ethical culture as an active force meant much more than a substitute for con- ventional worship, or [u b It means pioneer service for the im- provement of social conditions, for civic advancement, for bodying the con- ception of the good life in works that stirred and heightened the common life. There were few social or liberal causes which did hot enlist the wisdom and Dr. Adler. dominant in his life,” comments the Youngstown Vindicator, stating _that years ago he led the crusade the white slavery menace in New York, urging that a distinction be made between sin and crime. Later he joined Franklin D. Roosevelt,” continues the Vindicator, “J an' it movement to prevent what was termed the old-tlme order from rinciple lfilht]lmmt;flgno‘dt ples o g _independen gt or dogmatic views, was the fiozerunner of one of the outstanding His leadership of the So-|in most _stimulating forces in the country. | This Adler Called World Influence Uniting Ideal and Practical garten and other educational o h not a man of wealth,” as- serts the Springfield (Mass.) Repub- lican, “he is assured an honorable place history as one of the foremost Amer- ican philanthropists of his day.” The Oakland Tribune recalls his interest in, “guarding mankind against the evik forces of nature and of human nature,” while the New York Times states that “he came to be a beloved, though none the less fearlessly fighting, friend of human beings longing for a higher life, wherever he found them,” and the Day- ton Daily News avers that ‘“he leaves a name synonymous with high and Humane thinking, and active service of, his brother—his brother being every« body. The Hartford Times concludes: “He was full of faith in divinity, and expressed it in his life career, thor« oughly unselfish and devoted to th€ progress of mankind through earnest seeking of the best and highest things according to the light of the individual.™ ———. » Trade as Assurance : Of Peace Prom the Pasadena Star-News. American-Japanese trade relations are set forth in attractive and instrucs tive terms in a recent special Japanese number of the New York Journal of (Commerce. The publication is particu= larly timely, inasmuch as leading fig~ ures of the Far Eastern island empire; speak frankly concerning the losses their, nation and people would suffer in the: event of interruption of commercial exchange. b For example, Count Uchida, minis<' ter of foreign affairs, notes that the United States is the market for nine= tenths of Japan's export silk, for two-, thirds of Japan's export tea and fom two-fifths of Japan's_export porcelairt |and canned crabs. In return, Japan. | purchases from America vast quantities of cotton, oil, wheat, steel and con- struction materials. “The people of the United States and Japan have bond to the extent of $380,000,000 a, year in trade to keep the peace betweeny them.” Count Uchida said, as quoted by the New York paper. He film con= tinuation of the policy of the open door in the Orient. ' Katsuji Debuchi, Ambassador to the United States from Japan, has no! reservations in discussing conditions as! they now exist. He has “an abiding faith in the essential soundness of our, relations with the United States,” note withstanding the Manchurian inci-« dent. “Our friendship with America, made secure through long years of tradition, has become a sort of creed: creed is not a matter of sentiment?] it is a conviction based upon economic and cultural foundations.” — e Old Age Pensions. From the Altoons Mirror. A total of 322 States have now adopted old-age pension laws. In these, States indigent men and women who! are too old to work will not bave to, go to the poor house and suffer the: stigma of pauperization. Instead they) will be able to draw regular incomes. from their State treasuries, and while* these incomes will not be A will at least keep their recipients from. mmpe:tm and will save their self-] But that is not the whole story. Ac-' cording to reliable estimates, the 232, States gog;d will find this means of* caring aged poor less ive . is mm l‘;m 1 m-d meflt-bm‘;m‘ = nt onl cruel and s B it In outiandisbly expenive. And. M. cidentally. the pension laws will remove from the labor market those pathetic, old job-hunters whose _desperation causes them to agree to work for micro- scopically low wages. -All in’all, the arguments for-old age pension laws are pretty strong. remaining 26 States in the Union, to say nothi of the National —Ilhmh 0 Mstan, bhm