Evening Star Newspaper, November 27, 1932, Page 23

NCE CALLED SOLUTION ~ OF ECONOMIC PROBLEMS First-Rate Minds Offer Means of Creating Peace and Employment, Professor Believes. BY DR. GEORGE W. HARTMANN, Protessor of Educational Psychology. T is a sad commentary upon human nature that man rarely if ever en- gages in genuine thinking until his previously established equilibrium hos been upset. A logician or a ychologist is therefore not surprised g find that the present economic crisis, which in the long run has spared no nation, no industry, and few individ- wuals, hes also evoked more sober re- flection upon the foundations of our social ordsr than has ever appeared in so-called “nermal” or relatively pros- percus_times. As every one Knows, this rcflection has taken a great variety o: forms, depending in part upon the quality of the brain producing the idea and’ upon the financial status of the indivisual doing the thinking. The dong list of criticisms, suggestions, neceas and nostrums which have n offered—and .to some extent ac- tually teken and followed—is impressive levidence of more energetic mental proc- @sses in the American public. To an observer capable of maintain- an ettitude of dispassionate de- flghmem, the greatest obstacle to ef- Hective action—without which thought is barren—is the fact that those persons in positions of authority who are capable of making guick ‘hanges in our national machinery are just tbhe ones who are least affected an unfortunate and dangerous re- uction in personal income. On the r hand, those individuals who suf- fer most intensely and immediately | m the lack of balance in the busi- jness mechanism are temporarily dis- lified from vl:wlng _g’\‘e total situa- | n_in perspective. e one group deflciep:l p‘enc motivetion and the er .is incapable of judicious ap- raisal. One is tempted to para- rase & famous philosopher’s sage re- rk, “If age but could and youth t new,” into a more' contemporary form: “If power but would and misery d. |to _be the first major “white-collar” | crisis in’ American history. In former | decades, when the business cycle dipped | into a recurrent trough, many persons | consoled themselves with the thougl | that, after all, only the lower “unem ployable” proletarians were affected, and with their crude standards and a | sop of charity they would survive until | the “upturn” came. Now, however, we find large bodies of well trained men, | graduates of our bast colleges and tech- nical institutes in grave diffizulties. | Responsibility Divided. Personnel managers and research staffs, just because they seem superflu- ous in difficult days, are often the first to be dismissed. It is uniikely that |such men, often engineers who have { demonstrated their ability to solve the | knottiest _production _problems, | rest content with an outcome primarily | caused by the limitations of our money | and credit system. They recognize that | failure to plan in detail and to co- | ordinate the myriad functions of our ‘b\gsmess organization is a major con- | tributing factor to the present helpless condition of industry. They under- stand, too, that it is futile to allocate | responstbility for the situation because it is th~ inevitable cutcome of an en- | tirely inappropriate way of operating | the “mechenism of society. They ere | persuaded that one must get down to basic principles before the functions of | a social institution can legi ately be | prescribed or even | formed. From these remarks it is obvious that the advancement of our national wel- fare is not a matter of economics or politics or even engineering alone. It { is a process which demands the united | energies of our most gifted sons. It may ‘be fundamcntally an ethical and | philosophical problem, since we must | define clearly and accurately our ob- | jectives and the reasons why they are | worth, while attaining before any head- | way can be made. I believe that, no | matter what system of social values will | “ | but to place my party on a pl:ne where THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON BY STEPHANE LAUZANNE, Editor in Chief of Le Matin. HAVE had some 20 talks in my life with Edouard Herriot. but never i such a good talk as th» cn~ that kept us closeted together for an | hour in his large cffice in the Town Hall of Lyons. Statcsmen, like women, have their days. On certain days they |are nervous, preoccupied, hurried; on | others they are expansive, at peace and perfectiy willing to show: you & corner of their sculs. On that day lest April | Edouard Herriot was at his best, ready to talk on any and all subjects, includ- ing himewelf. A large wood fire was| burning in the fireplace end basksts of | flowers were in each window. He was | wa'king up and down, going from the | | fire to the flowers. and alternately ex | pressing his thcughts near the mantel- | piece and in the wincow recess. | It was a fortnight befors the French | {election, and it was certain that his| party—the Radicel Socialist party— would be victorious. Before anything €lse, he explained to me his chceonn‘ of the line of c:nduct of the majorlty.‘ whese chief he was. I do not believe he has ever explained it more clearly. “So far,” he said, “we hav> seen two forces continually clashing in I“rznc?—‘ the force that called itselfl nationalist, beccuse it gave prcminence to a pro-| gram and t> precccupations of a na-| tional character, and the force ‘hal} called itself socialist, because its first | concern was cocial progress. My own plan is not to merge these two forces, | it can berrow fr-m both ideals. Conse- | quently, the Radical Socialist party will | b2 2 natioral party. which will pretect, | to the best of its ability, the great in- terests of the nation: and it will als> b2 a social party, which will attempt to solve fearlestly the great social prob- lems. In this I feel confident that I am interpreting the wil of the vest majority of Frenchmen, who want security with peace, progress With justice.” ; I inquired what would be his method of zttaining his aim. | Sees Scientists Restricted. | different persons may acknowledge, one ! There is at least one group in so- |could obtain practicaly unanimity con- ty, small in numbers but mighty | cerning the desirability of combatting influence, which is peculiarly sensi- | disease, crime, ignorance and poverty. ve to both factors. I am referring to | We pcssess definite professional agen- e research workers in all fields of | cies — medicine, law, education — for science whether engaged in university, | dealing with the first thre= of the great wernmental or industrial service. [ “evils.” but unless one considers the ey are people who represent the in- | charity and social aid societies as hav- lectual and rational life of man at |ing a preventative rather than a reme- best, uncontaminated by perverse |dial function, little or no direct attack emotion, childish sentiment or stupid |upon the blot of poverty has been prejudice. Wichful th'nking has no|made. We have been fed upon too place in scientific investigation, for many childish eulogies of poverty and the facts will inevitably rice up to |its service as an agent in building char- smite you if you yield to its lure. | acter, but those who know the facts An Old Scholar. “I am an old scholar,” he replied, “and, as regards method, no master appeals to me as much as Descartes, who made it a rule to study a subject in itseif, without pa-sion or prejudice, and to take subjects one efter the other. This will be my rule internally and externaly. I have no prejudices against any thecry or against any country. I am gong to play fair. I know what my qualities arc and whct may be my shortcomings. I shall try to exercie my qualities to, the utmost and to cor- year France felt a little as if she had | been driven into a corner by the Presi- | dent of the United States. And France is sensitive about being driven into a corner. She understands every initia- | | tive, she admits every thesis; but theses | and initiatives seem all the more ac- ceptzble when she has time to examine them and think them over. 4 D. C. NOVEMBER 27 EDOUARD HERRIOT—“THERE IS NO ROAD TO PEACE WITHOUT A ROAD TO SECURITY.” —Drawn for The Sunday Star by Eric Pape. the circumstances under which it-had been transmitted to him. And hon- estly and loyally he was pointing out to the newspaper men all that was fair, equitable and interesting in it. 1932—PART TWO. 'VOTES BOOST DEMOCRACY ! IN 3 SOUTHERN REPUBLICS France’s Cry for Security Herriot’s Views Are a Key in Unlocking Misunderstanding as to Defensive Policy. saw the premier returning to his hotel in Lausanne—this time a sort of mys- terious satisfaction in his eye. He motioned to me and said: “Come and see me immediately.” Three minutes later I had joined him on his private terrace, in front of his bed room. By a strange chance a rumbling sound was heard in the air—it was the great Ger- man dirigible paying a visit to the Lausanne Conference and making ma- jestic evolutions high above the Lake of Geneva. . “Did you want to show me the Ger- man_dirigible?” I asked. “Not in the least,” he laughed, “they little dream up there what we were do- ing this morning, MacDonald and 1. “And what was that?” “We agreed about something to which I attach the utmost importance, and which all of France, I feel sure, will appreciate at its true value. We have agreed that in international matters neither of our countries is to do any- thing without previously consulting with each other. the time being. Within a fortnight, hope, it will be publicly announced. Two Weeks Later. And two wecks later it was, as he had said. For the reason I have given above, it was highly appreciated by French public_opinion.' It does not guarantee that England and France will IIWIKI act together or that they will have the same views, but it does guarantee that England will never act without hav- ing notified France, and that France may always discuss the matter before it becomes irrevocable. And now, shall I say a few words about Herriot’s doctrine on the ques- tion of security, which has caused so much ink to flow? His doctrine is that Prance does not ask for security for herself alone. but for the entire world. As a matter of fact, is there a single country that does not think more or less of its security? One day—it was in 1927—Mr. Ram- say MacDonald, who then was only leader of the British Labor party, came to Paris and delivered a lecture to the Parisians about their security mono- mania. “Look here,” he said,” “I am here among you without a revolver in my pocket, and yet I feel perfectly safe. ‘Why? Because I know that you are & But—although perhaps no one has civilized community and that, if I were realized it yet—it was this memoran- | attacked, you would immediately pro- dum, or, to be fore accurate, the man- ner in which it was thrown into the | tect me.” ‘To which M. Paul Boncour, French Two days later Edouard Herriot had | discussion, that gave rise to the famous | Socialist leader, retorted that of course forgotten the annoyance he had felt Franco-British consultation pact, which | Mr. MacDonald did not need to have | that night at Morges. He had read remains the great accomplishment of | | and re-read the Hoover memorandum.| M. Herriot since he has come into pow- | | In accordance with his method, he had | er again. | }annlymd it to himself, independently of | One morning, about a week later, I a revolver in his pocket because he knew there were policemen in theé streets. But Mr. MacDonald answered his own argument better still. A yea:r Keep this secret for | I \Alessandri Victory in Chile, Carias in Honduras and Sacasa in Nicaragua Forecast as Demands of Trend. BY GASTON NERVAL. FTER the latest presidential elections in Chile, Honduras and Nic: we can say today that “coming events cast their shadow before,” even in Latin American politics. ‘Three weeks ago it was pointed out that only a few days before the elec- tion in this country citizens of three other republics in the Western Hemi- sphere were going to the polls to select a new Chief Executive. Chileans, Hon- durans and Nicaraguans were living the same moments, feverish with political activity, that the subjects of Uncle Sam were witnessing here. Of five presidential aspirants in Chile and of two embittered ones in each of the two Central American re- publics mentioned, Senor Arturo Ales- sandri, Dr. Juan B. Sacasa and Gen. Tuburcio Carias were mentioned as having greater possibilities of success. Alll :hree of them are today Presidents- elect. Their victory, however, has a far greater significance than the mere con- firmation of a journalistic prediction. It means that in Latin America, too, presidential elections are becoming more and more the expression of popular sentiment, even if the candidate fa- vored by the people lacks the partisan support of the authorities. It means that in Latin America, too, trends of public opinion now serve to anticipate events and can resist the pressure of Government influences or political machinations. It means that even of Latin American politics we can say today, in the of poet, time ani Say whien grain il o and say- whicl w and which will not.” ks Thus the victory of Senor Alessandri, Gen. Carias and Dr. Sacasa, in Chile, Honduras and Nicaragua, respectively, becomes the evidence of further demo- cratic progress across the Rio Grande. Post-election Disturbances. All, however, is not quiet on the Southern front. The elections have come and gone in a peaceful, orderly way. And, what is more, they have re- sulted in the triumph of the popular candidates. But post-election disturb- ances have followed in one of the three countries involved and unrest is re- ported in another. Only in Nicaragua the outcome of the election has been received with nation- wide approval.end the will of the ma- jority accepted without qualification. Exception made, of course, to the hand- ful of rebels who, under Gen. Sandino, have bet:‘h‘e s ling fcr some time | His election this time is probal due, more than anything else, to m fears aroused in the largely influential higher classes by the radical candidates. The Socialist revolt led by Carlos Davila and the succeeding disorders, alternat- ing with military rule, had alarmed the old political parties to such an extent that they have rallied now, more or less, under the only man who offered any guaranties of moderation and sta- bility in the government. Thus we witness a most curious phe- nomenon in Chilean politics—although in politics nothing should surprise us any more. The min who first aroused the political ambitions of the Chilean lower classes, the first to talk to them of “social justice” and Socialistic reme- dies, the first Chilean President elected from outside the rank and file of Chilean aristocracy, is now again chosen to head the government by the support of the aristocrats, the conservatives and the middle classes, frightened by the extremist leaders of truly radical and Communist groups. The social movement has progressed so rapidly in Chile that the “radical” of only a few years ago is almost the Conservative of today. This circum= stance, and an evident reaction in Chil- ean public opinion against the unset- tled and incompetent rule of military chieftains who have recently succeeded themselves in power, afford the ex- planation of Senor Alessandri’s victory at the polls. Political Expedience. Yet, precisely because this popular support is not thoroughly sincere, but rather one of political expedience, the election of former President Alessandri cannot be said to have ended the pres- ent political troubles of Chile. Besides, there have been too much internal un- Test down there in the last few months. And there are at present too many fac- tions strong enough to gain power but not strong enough to hold it. Dissatisfaction ~ with Alessandri’s election is already reported by press correspondents. The National Social- ists who follow Col. Grove—the most radical group, outside th: Communists of Elias Lafferte—are outspoken in their demands and their seems to be gaining. The day after election, a crowd of 30,000 of them demonstrated wildly in the streets of Santiago for the return of Col. Grove from exile. So wildly, in fact, that part of it had to be fired at by police rifies and machine guns. = In Honduras the aftermath of the presidential election was even more Oddly enough, men of this caliber |appreciate the physical. mental and |rect my shortcomings.” — |later he became prime minister of S pates | serious. A revolt of small proportions are rarely appeaied to for aid in really vital issues. We look to them to en- fance tre minor conveniences and comforts of civilization—for a rustless steel, 2 “knockless” gesoline, a radic immune to “static” etc. But prob- Jems far higher in any enlightened sczle of vaiues—international peace, unemployment, family welfare —are calmly handed over to ill-trained poli- ticians or business “leaders” for solu- ion. ' 1t is as though we had deliberately | yestricted our first-rat> minds to deal- ing with second-rate matters cnd left the vaster concerns of 2ll mankind to the blundering incompetence of inferior | intellects! I am not one who believes that all politicians are necessarily bad cr ell business men thieving scoundre's —in fact, there is ample reason for believing that the aversgs mental equipment of msn who hold public cffice is far superior to the general level of their constituencies and that the heeds of banks and tke directors of cor- poraticns are on the whole ebler than thei: subordinstzs. But even that does not insure their adeguate ejuipment moral deterioration which abounds in the homes of the poor. There is very good reason for believing (to modify an ancient phrase) that the lac: of money is the root of all evil. Science Versus Poverty. ‘To apply the resources of modern science to the task of abolishing pov- erty is an enterprise that stirs even the most sluggish imagination. It is futile to say that it cannot be done because co-operative research has never yet been permanently defeated. A great French philcsopher of the last century claimed that a knowledge of the chemical composition of the stars was one thing which would b= forever hidden from man; 30 years later a Georman physicist used the spectro- scope to make the analysis which had | been declared impossible. The limita- tions of ccience are tho limitations ufl the human intellect and none other.) Is it conceivable that rational creatures will long rest satisfied with a situation where science can predict to the sec- ond the moment of an eclipse and b2 unable to solve the oroblem of The cb- | kP Tor such huge responsibilities. It is not | for millions of unemployed? sufficiently reassuring to know that we | vious encwer is that scientific method are being guided by the top quarter or | Is involved in one case and rule-of- the top tenth of the population—the |thumb, superstition, or sheer stupidity problems before us are big enough to | in the other. There is no reason why dsunt even the top hundredth of 1 per | genius cannot labor with the same dis- cent of our citizenry! interestedness and the seme differenc> to personal advantage in attacking the See Research Workers Reiuctant. . g, ol gy e 1 ministers, The word *hortcomings” piqued my curicsity. What were those Edouard Herriot , acknowledged or thought he possessed? He told me this delightful skory: ; “rly.shnll never forget the words of my wife's mother to me on her death bed. She was a woman of great feeling and keen judgment. When abcut to pass away, she called me to her bedside and caid: ‘Edouard, I, have a'ways felt a deep affection for you. You are hard- working and honest, but that is not sufficient to succeed in life. gent.’ farewell to me had been rather harsh. But today I realize the wisdcm of it. To be intelligent io to be celm: not to allo; yourself to ke carried away by passion; it means patience. I shall b2 intelligent.” And it is quits true—credit mu't be given him fcr thic—that during the five months has prim» minister Edouard Herriot has appied his intelli~ | gence to ridding him 1t of pascion and | nerv:usness and to remaizing calm and ztient. | He had not been in power a week| when he had to go to th> conference, which proved to be one of the hardest and most difficult of in- ternationzl conferences. It often hap- pened that those surrounding him secretaries, experts, new: men—lost patience. Herriot Twice he was advised to Lausanne paper never did. reak off. Be intelli- | For a long time I thought her Self-Rule for Scotland Has Become Major Issue Among Political Parties chamber at division time to vote upon | them, usually without having heard | |them discussed, thus bringing to bear | : a perennial and mechanical majority of 5,000 and 6,000 were forthcoming. | 3 PEEORE, #5 Mectamcl malonly The . movement for Scottish self-|tives like Sir Patrick Ford, the Con- government has been in existence since | servative whip for Scotland, have com- 1880, thus antedating that for Irish |Plained that Scottish business receives home rule. It was initiated by William | OR. @n average only three hours® con- Gladstone and Dr. Charles Gooper of | Sideration in a session of three months. “The Scoisman,” who framed the first| Again, the question of overtaxation | Scottish’ home rule bill. But the &rises. ~No separate accounting of| proffered assistance of the Irish Nation- | Scottish contributions to the imperial slists beguilled Gledstone from his, treasury has been made since 1922,/ Scottish sympathies, and Mr. Parnell, | ¥hen Ireland was erected into a Free | (Continued From First Page.) | but et the last gencral election votes | the United States regarding the limita- | prejudicing the security of the British | Empire.” Great Britain, and very soon had a controversy with the Government of tions of the respective navies of the iwo countries. And in the course of the discussion, he sent a cabled memoran- dum to the United States, which was printed in all the newspapers of the world and in which every one could read the following sentence: “A total tonnage of 340,000 tons is the strict minimum below which Great Britain cannot reduce her cruisers without Felt Perfectly Safe. So we had it from Mr. Ramsay Mac- Donald’s own lips that he felt perfectly safe when he came to the continent and did not even carry a revolver in his | mous approval. pocket, but that, as prime minister of the British Empire, he did not feel so raguan soil. dino’s opposition is not directed against e g Ry E un af ore intervention. . Certainly, of all public men in Nica- ragus, the present President-elect should have a greiter chance of in- ducing Sandino to give up his fight. It was to support the constitutional gov- ernment of Dr. Sacasa, then Vice Presi- :e:é lhdinll)t l‘lhe rev(;luunn of Cha- 0 an: several vears ago, that Sandino first took ||¥ Arms. ding, there! the ve: 1 gm:g’ of Sandinists who I hidin are still hiding e mountains of Nueva Segovia, and who now have no particular politi- cal color, it may be said tha the elec- tion of Dr. Sacasa has been received with unusual orderliness and unani- Press dispatches report the o asm with which Dr. D speaking at Edinburgh in 1881, cast ccld water cn the project so that it | might not traverse the Irish claim for | a Parliament. A small band of fajthful enthusiasts, however, maintained inter- est in the movement, which, during the State, but as Scotland’s quota is esti- | secure when iraveling on the seas, and mated at eleven-eightieths of that of | that he needed for the security of the Great Britain, some £100,000.000 per Empire at least 340,000 tons of cruisers annum is known to be contributed, a | without mentioning the torpedo boats. vast amount for a population of less| Every country on earth, even the than 5,000,000—more, indeed, than the ! most powerful, has a weak and vul- | annual expenditure of Japan and twice that of Spain. But what exercises commercial cir- cles in Scotland even more than this |is the drift and withdrawal southward | of big business. Since the war, Lon- |don firms have bzen amalgamating successful ~Scottish businesses with | their own at a simply ruinous rate. and | last four years, has gained such impetus under the direction of the National party. | |~ Scmething remains to be said con- cerning the reasons for the Scottish | demand for self-government, which are | numerous and pressing. Chief among | them is the now broadly apparent fact | question of poverty as it does in isolat- persons when directing |ing a rare substance mercly to fill a gep in the periodic table. To some extent scientists themselve: are responsible for their own faiiure| to make any direct and immediat= con- tribution to the rolution of m2ny pre ing tocial issues b2cause th: ave ‘Too many fheir thoughts aleng these chennels assume there are cnly two horns ta; the present dilemma—tkat one must either continue ths world’s business cn | the basis of an imperfect capitalism or | else adopt the program of a dogmatic socialism or a fanatical Bolhevism. | fThe existence of a third possibility, | Wiz, the scientific regulation of our | soclal and economic life, remeins vn- | suspected by most peoplc. It may be. | as the specialists themselves are the| first to” maintain, that even our mcs. brilliant social scientists are not yet prepared to take command of our ccm- mon destinies. But if they zre not| competent, who is? Much of the modest and reluctant protestation of the re- search worker is suggestive of the ardent teacher in training who vowed she would never teach until she knew all about it; she ne taught! Were it possible to saturate night our social fabric with the sc tific viewpoint and method one witness the following changes: In: of arguing about the merit merits employment schemes cne would test v controlled conditions us.ng experimern tal and comparison group; of the the biclogist s- when studyin dietery ccnstit- Cor- uents, etc., upon animal growth. Tesponding circumstanc: traticn might involve a really misleading) and on lived without it. After a t of 10 years, psychologists patched to measure the inl emoticnal changes which had o in the be sociolcgist determiite ferences'in family life a relative state of ¢ the basis cof the one wauld then ho for extending the i cause of its proved human rejecting it utterly because degeneration sccompanying it sider the revelut.en in human which would occur if taught to .think in rained to try every sound techniques! Blames Coad. For the time b: W uc dcbatzble issue cns on Iznorance. when 1t tclls w youngsters canng profit from the! enraged, probably using firg , Sheer ignor: responsible for this rorry sta fairs and it muct increasingly become the obligation of education to sec that the ordinary man’s notion of science is extended from the physical and the materiz] to the human, the social an: the intangible relations which mean £0 much more to his ultimate happiness. ‘How many errors would not that avoid? Such blunders as sending generals and admirals to negotiste a disarmament treaty—as though a convention of ad: vertising men would ever vote to abol- ish their profession—would be impossi- ble in a world governed by men Who| quarter of the province, and it is ex- | c< are moving toward the highest ends with the most efficient means. There is one ity about th de‘“ the lead toward e which, though re-| ., generally felt that.a specialist should remain within his field; but to a| larger degree our delegated officia the public itself sre sccountable—the one for failure to discharge the dutles of s anlike leadcrship bv acsien- ing vast project to the only p2ople! ing it, and the other| | mur that w T am sure that | weuld gladly s as counting big p-oble . must b2 met research work ty] as 1 that government from London—"gov- lg:nmenln l‘)iy ltcleph%ne." = gc has articularly to the political men | been called, is neither workable nor mfi"?ofirmnsu v}\"ho sought to advise | economical. That the Scottish office him, he would repeaf | should be situated in London, instead ¢ “Let me be. If, when all is over, you | of Edinburgh, appears even to many | find I have acted unwisely, you may say | Conservatives as a grotesque and clumsy | 0. But let me follow to thc end the arrangement. line 1 have traced for myself.” Apart from the nescience and mal- | One evening, however, I found him | adroitness of London control—for none somewhat perturbed: It was the eve- is so ignortant of Scotland and the! Ang when President Hoover's mem- | Scottish temperament es the English o-andum on disarmament Was com- | bureau hunicated to him. And if I relate the |administration and pariiamentary work. | incident, it is to show how delicate & |Scottish bills and measures brought | matter is the handling of men &nd before the House of Commons are sub- | things, the choice of time and plece, | jected first to overhauling by Wwhat is in international questions. known as the Scottish Grand Commit- | e at ot Hptel tee, a body composed of Scottish mem- | ba pg at Lausannc, at “That” he answered, “is "Dl‘ccisely the one thing I shall never do. So, one eva for | ently | mis- | wvinced a} oves will 1 t from pure to st enalysis ts and | cause of the latter | unfil ‘all types | ches of science overcoming_ tha and its | Missing Since War, Man Found in Siberia | foem 2 | named Johan ad, Czeehoslo Portz was drs v 1914 cnd captured by the R 15.0n the castern front on Augus From that date until tod care, he was marooned in Rus a without a scul in the outer wotld that he was alive 2 :plain his prolonged ept that af.er ver able ather, still alive in h:d long given him up for on news of him finaily errived as traced through the local branch “Union of Former Pris The father has a letier from him in ich that he is h 3 ho ex thre f-the Soviel Union. y3 that he did rot 2 of an indepen ught th i was still a city in the oli Ausiro-Hun- garian monarchr un‘il his father's let- ters reached him. | (Copyrig! | Austrian Tyrol Becomes Legitimists’ Stronghold | INNSBRUCK, Austria Tyrol.—Legit- [imist drcles in this ultra-conservative province announce that 64 communities | have now ccnferred honorery citizenship know cf | en Archduke Otto, son of the last Em- | | peror of Austria. This represents one- | pected that there will continuz to be ‘:d:lmans to the number. Furthermore, 40 peasant rocieties have elocted Otto moment, may ulti- a more sclentific t! gave casis them into & form suitable for dis- | 9 ‘clock, Mr. Herrict, accom- |cussion in the House. | ;l:);‘alxlctd 1gv un”.?ingle secretary, was seen | If they are successfully balloted for, PP mavsteriously cut of his hotel which is jmprobable, cuch measures | 294 th rush off in a rapid car for an are jgnored in disc inown destination. He ceme back members, who, however,.flock into the lote that night and was visibly nervous | and out of sorts. The following day we learned what had heppened. | A telephone messaze had informed | him while at dinner that Norman | vis and Hugh Gibson, represent-‘ ing America at th> Disarmament Con- | ferencs, wished - to him urgently | and confidentic to hand him a docu- | ment from the Fresident of the United | States. Consequently, it was suggested | that the Americen delegates sheul | v half cf the di e and the other half. BRUCE BY man’s name. All I can s: richest and most famous o I the 0 nd to confer in t! fud Nttle_tovn on Lake of Ge Town Hall, their disposal. he meeting he | has looked aiter his ears).” He went to visit his occulist. 4 examination he said: “I am not going to see your friend Dr. Jones any more (naming the doctor who for a long time textile factories, linen, jute, shipbuilding and even engineering and the guished in consequence, that the in- cidence of unemployment in Scotland has been greatly heightened. ernment is now merely a refiection of departmental direction in London, millions of acres which might support small holders remain waste to :ub- and any scheme likely to benefit Scoi- land, such as the Forth Road Bridge or the Forth and Clyde Canal, is quashed by Parliament on the grounds of economy. The people of Scotland are begin- Ramsay MacDonald has personally agreed that “when major imperiel con- derations permit” the question of ottish self-government must receive demands. CONCENTRATION BARTON AM allowed to tell this story, but I cannot use the gentle- ay is that he is one of the f Americans. In the course of the "_Why not?” asked the occulist. “Jones is a first-class man ep: rest me. The ad. so closely fuarded at Lousanne had, of course, | Jeaked out in Geneva. through the | American reporters. And practically | the whole country knew that there| !would be an important meeting in | Morges between the French znd the | American delcgations.” | | " But Premicr Herriot was not com-| plaining of that. He even laughed \hole-hearted! about it. V/hat seemed | 2 less laughable metter to him, what a n bitierness to his ex-| pression was that when he had ban cleseted with the Ameritan delegate had communicated to him t of President Hoover's —famous memorandum _statirg that within 48 uld b> solcmaly made pub o away -he asked me for some.” “You can’t blame him for time and talent. your help. “You don’t get the point. have contributed gladly. But essi my money when he shculd h: ears.” % essential in the formula for suc —sustained application’to the Intense conceniration does th: men'—pel { ument that had bsen to the e cpirit and strong of | quiring careful cxemination and’ re festion. . music. while music was being played, No Time to Reflect. had ‘become atrophied, his en! er Herriot had ine or to reflect. Al his [ time, all his thoughts, oll his strenzth, | | were taken up by ‘the Lausanne Con- ference, which was of vitz] impo-tance | to France, to Europs end to the world. | Was it not possible to delay the pub- lication of the Hoover memorendum days The reply was @ no. Mr. Herriot's wish would ansmitied to Washington, but it was doubtful if it could be grinted. The President of the Uniled States was anxious that his memorandum should before the erms it would be | | no_time | , either to ¢ He finished it. to do too many things, and I good time. If I h about it while he was examining my ‘ears. but they are very important. to me. “That's true,” the financier agreed, “but the last time I was there he kept talking to me all the time about his clinic. I knew he wanted money and, sure enough, before I got that,” the occulist protested. “He is a professional man who gives very liberally of his His clinic is doing a fine work and deserves I wish you had given it to him.” “Wait 2 minute; wait a minute,” the Big Man excl. I grant his clinic is a worthy one. If he had talked to me about it at another time I would . aimed. the point is he talked to me My ears are old, He was thinking about ave been thinking about my I suppose that if you were to pick out the one word most cess it would be concentration probiem in hand. not always producz the most interesting human beings. Even Darwin, the great naturalist, confessed that the highly specialized character of his work had greatly narrowed the range of his mental interests. a young man, he said, he had much enjoyed poetry and In his later years he found it impossible to sit still As or to keep his mind attentive to poetry. The so-called “cultural” departments of his brain tire mental resources having been drawn vpon to finish his absorbing task. i His book changed the thinking of man- kind more than any book published in the past century. The result was wcrth the price—but there was a price. I am a geod person to write on this subject because I have never -concentrated. I have spread out too thin, tried know it. But I have had a, ad Leen more intelligent and more ' ambitious I would have adopted the formula of Sir Isaac Newton. “How did you ever come to discover the law of gravita- tion,” a prelty woman asked him. “By cot'tanuy thinking about it,” he replied. 5 - (Copyright, 1932.) linoleum. | heavier industries have so lan-| nerable spot which makes it think that it 1s not absolutely secure, that it must take precautions, that it must have soine defensive weapons at its disposal. But every country feels that its own security is a sacred thing and that the security of its neighbor is a secondary matter. And here we have the first dif- ficulty of organizing peace. As Herriot said one day: “There is no road to peace without a road to secur- ity. And every one has to bring his pavement to the road. The pavement | need mnot be exclusively made of the bureaucrat—much_delay is involved in | serve the purposes of deer-stalking, | } s of Parliament of all parties. which | ning to realize the position, ard, indeed, | ssion by English |the attention which it so clamantly | stenes presented by this or that nation. To add to the confusion, local gov- | It may be made of various materials by 2ll nations. But there must be a pave- ment. Until now there have been onl words. And words, for a solid road, constitut> but a poor pavement.” Plane Snin Solution Sought in Toy Aircrafi ments carried out with Lilliputian afr- plenes, combined with the progress made in theoretical knowledge, Aeronautical ‘Research Committes the National Ph: cxpresses the bel of sical Laboratory here 7 that the final solu- | tion of the problem cf the “spin” is not | | ne | | | feciing safety. now far distant, T is the outstend- mic problem af- By using modifications suggested by the various experiments an " airpl with markedly dangerous spinning properties has been made safc to_fly. With the comgressed air tunnels now in use end ochers in process of construction, good provisign, it is de- clared, is made for future researches effecting airplancs, The new tunnel at the National Physical Laboratory has a maximum top speed of.22 feet ond. At the Royal Alrcraft Es. tablishment there is a tunnel, 12 feet in diam:t, in which many free flights of rpinning models are being made. At thi ation thgre is also a -foot cpen jet tunnel which have a top speed of 215 miles an hour, and next yi oot tunncl will be ready. Imyortant tests on seaplanes are IXSOI being carried cut in a recenily com- pleted tank. Seaplane developnient, clares the commit! is at preseni in an interesting stage. Among the models which have been used are re- plicas of Britaln’s ,winners cf , the Schneider Trophy of 1931 well as the 1929 entry. The results of thoas experiments will be publisheéd late:. On the cubject of experimentz]l fly- ing at great heights this committec of experts offers no crumbs of -comfort to those who look upon them as useless and expensite stunts. On the con- trary, it says that the desire to reach 50,000 feet “would lead to gencral increase of - scientific - and technlcal knowledge which would amply justify the expense.” It is unlikely. it is as- serted, that heights of 50,000 feet or over will ever be reached without the use of heavily supercharged engines, “The advantage of consid-ring the pos- sibilities of reaching 50,000 feet is that it brings to a clear focus all the special difficulties of supercharging—difficul- which involve aerodynamic as well as_engine research.’ The committee, which has had a general discussion on the design o planes to reach such heighte, pre the hope that the air. ministry. will consiruct an experimental machiae for the purpose in_the near future. Re- cently a Royal Airforce pilot, Capt. Unwins, established a werld’s height record of 814 miles, (Copyright, The Chick Congress Next. Poom the £ehlangDally Indspendeat. 1932.) the | been hailed in the farthest corners of the republic. Even his opponents in the election have expressed complacency at seeing a man of his honesty and rep- utation at the head of the government. | Prominent conservative leaders have promised their co-operation. Most likely there is no Liberal stetes- man in Nicaragua that the Conserva- | tives would rather see in the presiden- | tial chair. As for the Liberals, who, | since the Stimson peace mission of 1927, have been in the majority, their over- } whelming support of Dr. Sacasa has been unmistakably shown at the polls and was apparent all through the pre- election campaign. Factors Made Possible. ‘Two factors have made possible this ccmmendable exhibition of democratic behavior in a country which, until not long ago, was frequently associated with the news of internal discensions, politi- cal rivalries and civil wars. One is the progress made by Nicaraguans through these elections supervised by represent- atives of the United States Govern- ment. ‘The other is (he commanding person- ality of Dr. Sacasa, former Vice Presi- dent, former Ministe: to Washingten, a statesman of untainted public record and a mian belaved by all classes of the Nicaraguan society. In Chile the election of Senor Arturo | Alessandri has not ended political agl- tation. Se=nor Alessandri polled th® Jargest popular vote, but his popularity | is too dependent upon political co | erations of the moment. Not one. { varicus times, Senor Alessandri has !'his popularity carry him to the highest | position in the land, and then desert him and take him intc exile. Vatican City Finds Over Neuirality | 1 ROME, Italy.—Vaiican City, the | H xal in‘esencent ma- ! tion, is Ci:dvering that Leiny a free more plunged the unanswered ndont coun- jonal lawyers are on. into speculaticn. on questicn, "'When is an index try nct &2 indcpendent couw Difficulty has aricen on t fir:t, the recent mock air a‘tack en Rome, and, second, the renewzl of hos- tilities between the Hcly See and the Mexicen Government. In bot the question of whether or not Vatican City is a free nation is vital . If Rome is ever actually attacke: from the air, the Italian.Governmen. naturally will take every precaution to keep the city dark. In such en eveht. however, the question immediately arises, Will the, Vatican be cackened also It the Vatican darkens all its Lght it will lay itself opsn to th> charge ¢f being unneutral, because it will be help- ing Italy egainst its cnemy. Also il ‘he Holy City is darkened it is quite apc to b> bembad, too. On_th2 other hand, if the Vatican insists on its standing as an -indepen- dent. neutral ‘nation and demands iis right to burn lights to protect it from being bombed. then the location of | Fom- would immediately become obvi- ous to attacking flyers and the bomb- | g of Rome itself would b> much easler. ‘The second instance of the difficultics | of indepcndence is the description cf | the Holy See by President Rodiquez nfi Mexico as “a foreign power.” Techni- under internztional law, Vatican City is ‘exactly that, and is subject to «ll the obligations of an independent | nation. Its representatives in. other capitals are forbidden to take part in the in- | ternal affairs of th2 country to which they are sent. And the chief of the | state—in- this ca<e the Pope—has no | more right to complain regardini the policies of Mexico toward Mexican citi- zens than Mussolini has to object to the domestic policies of the United States. If the Pope, as chief executive of “a X " criticizes the poli Jacelgnsy 2 i country Js mot ail roces, and interna- | { Slencznsk followed the announcement of Gen. Tiburcio Carias Andino’s election. Al- though the loyal troops did not for a moment lose control of the situation and one after another recaptured the towns seized by the rebels, up to this writing there are still some groups in arms. And this brings me to one of my pet subjects. For years, now, I have becn criticizing the mur?r tation and misuuderstanding o things Latin An:‘encm in n:hlch writers, novelists and correspondents .from this coun indulge so oneg.. S Newspapers ye been doing it for decades. The moving pictures have been doing it recently. Now the radio seems to be joining the parade. I was listening to a broadcast of cur- rent events some days ago, when Edwin C. Hill, widely heard news commentator for the Columbia Broadcasting System, began to talk on the Honduran revolt. He said, more or less, that the revolu- tion had been started by Gen. Andino, defeated candidate in the election® that the rebels were having the best of it; that Tegucigalpa, the capital, vas at the time menaced by tham; thet Presi- dent Colindres was probably getting to- ether as much cash as he could lay his hands on, to flee io Europe, and that in Paris he would join a number of other Central Amcrican dictators in | disgrs ace. To which I would not object at all, if it were not for these facts: First, that Gen. Andino (he meant Gen. Carias Andino, the first name being the one predor’rant in Sparnish) was net the defeated candidate in the elec- | tlon, but the successful one; second, | that he, therefore, far from having | started the revclt, was its stanchest | opponent; third, that the rebels at the | time of that broadcast had already been reported defected; fourth, that the | capital was no izore menaced by them | than Washington; fifth. that President | Colindres (he moant President Mejia ‘Coll.ndru) was no more thinking of fleeing for Paris than. prebably, Mr. | Hill, and sixth, that there is not to- day e rirgle Central American dictator in’ the French capital. | Which reminds me of the teacher | who, having ed one of his puplls for a description cf a chameleon, re- ceived this answer: “A chameleon is a fich that lcoks like a turtle and eats worws.” The teacher commented: “Your answer is all right, cxcept that a chameleon is not a fich, but a rep- tile; it dces not look like a turtle, but Jike 2 lizard. end it does not eat worms, kut insects.” Outside of that, the an- cwer was all righ'. (Copyright. Status Puzzling and Mexican Jssues tional country The status of Va'iean City is obvi- ouly different from that of other na- tione, just as the Pope obviousiy cannot be ccnsidered as cny normal chief of & te. Until rules end pr dents based on the prsent riiuation are created or devirea th> Hol; See may find itself in siher pradicemcn (Sopy law to bz exveiled from the L 3932) Paris Expresses Fill Of Infant Prodigies PARIS.— : Pariel acclaimed - in {h2 war.. no efter having #alore since Child mu n o case of Yehudi Menuhi therz is a feeling of lassitude in this field also. Yehudi was fcllowed by Ruth the pianist of 7, who comes from Sacremente, Calif. Ruth was fol- lowed by Crisha Goluboff, the violin- ist of 9, who comes from San Pran- cisco. ha was followed by Sonia Lovis, 2 viclnist of 7, Prench-born this time.” Paris. on hearing that there are ctiers to follew, has indicated that it desires a respito. As a relief it went “en masse” to applaud Marquise de Saint-Paul when she gave a plano recital for a charit- able object. Sho is a wonderful pianist, but the true reason why she drew so many people is that she is 84 years old. It 'med « welcome change after all the Ruths and the Grishas and the Sonles But it is in literature that the reac- tion is most marked. In the early days of the post-war period it became the feshion for men of letters to discover budding talent. The younger the suthor, ihe larger were the figures used by the publisher in advertising his age.