Evening Star Newspaper, July 24, 1932, Page 18

2 THE EVENING STAR Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY..........July 24, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor - The Eveninglsur Newspaper Company icago Of fi 14 Engl Siieet 23200 ropean ithin the Bute bs Costior W 45¢ por month it ke Mlthl““ ‘Building. ce: [ YO S iy sine AW Brehing i manany siac L Regent London, an City. (when 4 Siat -G5g onr monthy ..."5c per copy of each month. t n by mail or telepnone The Sunday Star Collection made Orders may be NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily und Sunday. 1vr Daily ‘only >\ Binday onty All Other States v and Sunday..ly v only . $10.00: 1 mo., 88c $6.00° 1 mo.. 50¢ 3400, 1 mo 40c Canada. and $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 00: 1 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news ris- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local rews published herein. All rights of publication of special dispaiches herein are also reserved. Empire’'s Troubled Path. It would seem that the course of em- | pire, like that of true love, never does run smooth. The Commonwealth of British Nations, now deep in conference at Ottawa, is, at any rate, experiencing, even in the earliest stages of its efforts, that the process of tightening the silken cords of empire is fraught with endless difficulties. The program is to formu- late some general sort of trade treaty including all the self-governing coun- tries of the commonwealth. Broadly, the objective is an interempire tariff | system with mutual preferences between | t Britain and the daughter na- | Various dominions, with designs on the British market for their special- ties, are already to the front with pref- erence demands which conjure up em- barrassment for the mother country. On v, for example, South Africa and lia startled the conference with suggestions for such preferential tariff treatment in Great Britain as would assure them a large part of the meat trade now held by Argentina. The statesmen from Overseas nhow pooling their wisdom at Ottawa with Messrs. Baldwin and the other spokes- men of the home government at Lon- don turn out to be realists. as well as perialists. They have little enthu- siasm for the grandiose Beaverbrook plan for free trade within the empire end prohibitory tariffs against all the rest of the world. Even so stanch a protectionist as former Premier Bald- win promptly declared himself at Ot- tawa to the eflect that the practical goal toward which the ccnference must strive is lower duties as between Brit- ain and the dominions and as little dis- crimination as possible 2gainst the trade of non-British countries. ‘The finance minister of South Africa. Mr. Havenga, is spesking at Ottawa | with what has sometimes been described | &5 the brutal frankness of a blood re- lation. The South African Union, he bluntly says, “does not subscribe to the tieory of a self-contained and isolated British Empire.” He is uttering an ob- vious fact when he adds that not even Great Britain itself, to say nothing of cominions like Canada. could exist ex- clusively on business within the com- monwealth. The South African-Australian de- mand for preferential tarifis which would smash the Argentine meat trade in the British Isles presents a typical| dilemma for Great Britain. It was only a year or two ago that the Prince of Wales, “the empire's best commercial | traveler,” journeyed to Argentina to lay the foundations of the existing British commercial and financial alliance with that country. Not only is Britain the richest market for Argentine meat prod- ucts, but British capital in tens of mil- | lions of pounds is inves | branch of Argentine ‘Thus country is a vital matier for thousands of British holders of Argentine stocks and bonds. Cut off the Argentine meat | trade in John Bull's island and you cut off almost the basic source of pros- perity upon which British investments ; 1in Argentina are dependent. It is an unmistakably rocky path upon | which Britain is embarking at Ottawa. In London the imponderables of the situation are fully appreciated. “We f should blind ourselves if we believed | that lowering tariffs within the empire is going to be easy.” says the liberal the | News-Chronicle, “but at least the ob- | jective has been fairly stated, and if ' Ottawa is to make history, it is the: right objective.” | The United States is far from wishing | failure for the Ottawa conference, hu},‘ that need not deter us from realizmg: that the insurmountability of certain | impediments to British tariff union is ‘water on the mill of American trade. — - “Fortunatus” was the gentleman with | the inexhaustible purse. His name was | applied in great deference to the in- ternational figure Uncle Sam, who now finds himself impoverished by his| generosity. R An undeniable element of deep pathos ! asserts itself when a bonus marcher, advised to go home. makes rejoinder, | “Where is 12" e Food problems have expanded to in- clude those not only of scarcity but of safe edibility. — e The “Glorifier.” Florenz Ziegfeld, to whom had been given the name of “glorifier of the American girl"” has died at Hollywood efter a brief iliness. His death brings | up the question of how much of value he contributed to the American stage | and public entertainment. He certainly | amused many thousands, perhaps mil- | lione, with his shows, and disgusted many more. He was a shrewd guesser of pub- | lic taste; that is, to the taste of the public that pays liberally for diversion without particular regard for quality. He knew what enough of the people wanted to pack his houses and bring him in rich rewards. His so-called glorification of the American girl was simply the use of feminine beauty as | a lure to the box office. Harking back | to the days of the “Black Crook,” days | ‘which, with all the seeming disregard of | the then established proprieties, were still marked by fairly compléte clothing of the figurc, however close-fitting, he ventured into the field of nudity as a feature of his shows. And once start- u;hehsgwmnhud. It is to his meremnop_-iuculumbmm sumpin’ surprisin’.” credit that ultimately, when bis ex-|In a few hours the warat, or the bet,| ample had been followed and his daring exceeded by other producers until the entertainment stage had become utterly scandalous, he repented his innovation and once said: “I am ashamed to be in the revue business with all this going on.” But there was money in it, money in great sums. Ziegfeld did everything with a sweep- ing gesture of disregard for cost. His showmanship was shrewd. He accom- panied the feminine spectacles that constituted the major attraction of his productions with much that was beau- tiful and intrinsically entertaining. His Tevues were always colorful, and though the music that accompanied them was often the verlest trash, it had a trick of appeal that through repetition gave his creations a cumulative advertising force. “Broadway's” comment upon his death, it is reparted, was “Isn't it too bad he had to die broke,” for the im- pression prevails although Ziegfeld had reaped millions of dollars, he had spent them in his ventures, many of which were failures. This was the fate of Oscar Hammerstein, whose career as an impresario was a succession of failures and successes, of daring excursions into forbidden realms, of brief splendid su- premacy and of ultimate impoverish- ment. In a few years Ziegfeld will be recalled simply as one who madea record !'of many productions, costing enormous | sums, yielding rich rewards that wer: { quickly absorbed by non-successes, one who pandered to a meretricious taste and in the end left nothing of sub- stance as a contribution to the art of { entertainment. ———— Hopeful Signs. With prosperity “just around the corner,” as has been said for a year past, there is constant watchfulness to rote whether the corner is at last at hand. Although this period of hard times has been said to be a pessimistic phenomencn, induced by a spirit of despair as well as by fundamental eco- romic conditions, optimism manifests itself constantly in the interpretation of signs of reviving business. Yester- day's Star printed a group of dis- patches from seven cities, all of them telling good news, calculated to stimu- late the hope of people that that long evasive corner has been approached 1f not reached. From Rochester it ~'as announced that within the next two wecks 10,000 clothing workers heretofore on a part time basis will have steady work for full time. This seasonal upturn has been delayed, it is explrined, because of a shortage of materiais. Philadel- phia clothing manufacturers, employ- ing a total of 1,500 workers, announced resumption of operations on full time and hope to continue the schedule in- definitely. From Middletown, Conn., came word that a cloak company has leased space in a vacant factory build- ing and started operations with persons, an increase of 130. company in the same city will Teopen its plant August 1. giving employment to from 150 to 200 workers within e month. Bethlehem, Pa, gradual speeding up of the textils in- dustry in that area, a concern at Easton having rented a large loft and set up machinery to start making men’s cloth- ing with 50 employes; at Allentown & silk company will operate on three shifts with 70 additional workers; a silk mill at Easton is now operating at full capacity for the first time in five months with 160 perscns working day and night. A street railway manufac- turing company at Philadelphia reports an order for 40 street cars end trolley busses to cost $600.000. Union, S. C, will immediately have three large textile mills that have been idle for seven weeks working on a four-day schedule. A match factory at Springfleld, Mass., which has been closed for two weeks, will Tesume operations at once. These are not great gains, but they are significant. They may be the be- ginning of a series of renewals and re- | sumptions and expansions that in a few weeks will absorb a large percentage of the now-idle population. Just as soon as there is any assurance wk-‘ever that buying w.'! be resumec 2 volume, the mills will start ..ung, for stocks are now depleted and it is the first rule of manufacturing and mer- chandising to be prepared for orders ahead of the actual demand. —— ——e— A great many estimable persons have | Oh, de mornin'-glories blossomed an’ de no talent whatever for mathematics. As problems figure into billions the in- B3 I plowed de groun’ dat cay tellectual pressure becomes so great as to leave this particular type of citizen- ship scarcely enough reserve energy to keep up with the base ball scores. e Almost the only sure thing about the German government at present is that the former Kaiser is no longer the real leader in authority. And some of the European politicians are not | S0 positive, even as to that. e em o Many speculations are indulged in as to “what Theodore Roosevelt would do.” There are few, even among those most respectful of his memory, who would like to see “the big stick” applied in some of the present emergencies. — e Arctic Alphabetic Hazards. These who are watching the flight of Capt. Wolfgang von Gronau frem Ger- many to Chicago over the Arctic route will be relieved when he gets out of Iceland and Greenland into tne land of spellable and proncunceable names. His first Janding was at the Icelandic settlement of Seydisfjoerdur. He might have reached Djupifogr, or, perhaps, Eyjafjialla, but now that he is or was at Seydisfjoerdur, there is a sense of relief that the ease was no worse. His next stop is to be Reykjavik, on the west coast of the island. It is to be hoped that he will not be borne North by some freak of the wind or of his own piloting and reach Isafjardardjup, which would be quite too bad. From Reykjavik, if he reaches that point, he will cross the Denmark strait to Greenland. If he passes Tasiusarsik or Kangerdlug- suak, on the east coast, he may make Aputajuytsok or farther northward Niakungunak, on the west coast. From then on his course will be fairly easy so far as following it intelligibly is con- cerned. West of the Davis Strait the:e are fewer alphabetic hazards. The geo- graphical nomenclature on the conti- nent is moderate and reasonable, par- ticularly along the coast. However, Von Gronan might possibly be carried into the interior to reach Petitsikapau Lake or even Apiskigamish Lake. They 150 | A rubber | reports a| | | i ' when the new rate went into effect, are {verted to printed circulars carried under | 1 says, “Dis is de day I's glineter do THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. will be known. This situstion suggests that if North Atlantic flying is to be- come frequent and regular something wilk have to be done to give the usual stopping places names more easily rec- ognized and remembered on this side of the sea. B ) Mail Economies. When the addition of a penny to the first-class postal rate was proposed as & means of increasing the Federal revenues the Post Office authorities estimated that first-class mall volume would shrink about eight per cent. If reports of the volume of business done in New York since the 6th of July, typical of general conditions, this was an underestimate of nearly twenty-two per cent. The average day's mailing in Manhattan and the Bronx during the past three weeks of the new rate has fallen from more than 6,000,000 letters to less than 4,500,000. The net increase in the postal revenue from this volume of mail has been about fifteen per cent. The postmaster at New York at- tributes the greater part of the loss in volume in first-class mail to & practice that has been adopted by large cor- porations of having bills and adver- tising circulars distefouted by their own employes by hand instead of through the mails. The postmaster believes, however, that while this practice has given employment to a number of men who otherwise would have been drop- ped from the pay rolls of the corpora- tions, this service will eventually be turned back to the post office for eco- nomic reasons. Another factor in the decline of first- class mails has been the abandonment of the personal letter form of adver- tising by the department stores and stock brokerage houses, which have re- third-class rates, this class having in- creased considerably in volume. The one-cent addition te the first class postal charge is a matter of smail moment to the individual user of the mails, but it is a eonsiderable factor in the expense account of large establish» ments which send out thousandy” of letters each month. It may be that the economies that are practiced to avoid this additional outlay will appreciably reduce the additional revenue expected from the change of postal rates. But the habit of mail use is so strong and the service is so dependable and efficient that it is to be expected that after a brief period of belt tightening on the part of the larger mail users the old established practice will be resumed. ] Germany takes the liberty of censor- ing news print, while seriously con- templating a generous permission to print negotiable securilies and even money itself. . ——— Bonus men are row advised by their best friends to go back to their homes and meet the Congressmen one at a time at the ballot boxes. Present enterprises are not regarded as showing entire respect by Von Papen for the intelligence of some of his own countrymen. B So much is happening that Gandhi's ideas of costume and of commerce are both temporarily forgotten. A payless leave of absence produces the annoying paradox of plenty of time to go to the circus without the price. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNBON. A Summer Day. In de mornin’, when de sun was Jest a-peekin’ crost de edge Of de cabin window ledge, Like a little golden wedge A-pryin’' loose de daytime fum de night, some work fo' sho’ An' I'll let de people know Whut cey never knowed befo’, Dat to slam aroun’ an’ toil is my de- light. T'll agitate de soil where corn is standin’ in a row An’ git it interested in de way it ought to grow. birds was singin’ gay— I might skeer ‘em all away An’ dat ain’ no way foh any one to do! An’ purty soon de moonbeam come a-slidin’ th'oo ce tree White an’ shiny as could be, Like a little silver key Foh to lock de daytime treasures far fum view. ‘Tomorrow, mebbe, I'll git up an’ make another start. My only botheration is, I's got a tender heart. Apprehensive. “Your constituents will gather at the station to meet you when you get home,” said the visitor. “I suppose $0,” replied Senator Sor- ghum, gloomily. “Will there be a re- ception committee or do they intend to assemble as a mcb?” The Finaneial Backer. “You say your wife never loses at bridge?” “Never. If the game goes her way she wins. But if it goes against her, I lose.” Usual Demonstration. Ere long in strife political Will clash the phrases glorious. The situation’s critical; ‘The language is censorious. Tedious Narratives. “Do you think people ought to be perfectly frank in admitting their mis- takes?” “No,” replied Miss Cayenne. “People who pride themselves on admitting thelr mistakes usually get into the habit of telling hard luck stories.” Even the helpful and unselfish man is under suspicion of trying to get more than his share of heavenly reward here- after. Jays of Procrastination. An argument prolonged doth bring A peaceable delight. So long as folks keep arguing ‘They must postpone a fight. “It people paid as strict attention to 'and “overwhelming depression. {and misfortune. Lowered JULY 24, 19 Vitality BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL, D, Bishop of Washington. “I, even I only, am left; and they seck my life, to take it away.” This was the declaration of a singularly great man uttered in a time of disillusionment great prophet Elijah had exercised an influence in the kingdom that reached from the king on his throne to the humblest peasant. He was a states- man-propbet. A critical situation had arisen in the realm by reason of the utterly dissolute life of the rulers. The statesman-prophet alone stood against their profligate practices and as a re- sult he was driven from his place of distinction into the wilderne¢s. There, alone and unfriended, he reflected upon his tragic situition. He could see noth- ing ahead but defeat and disaster. In this condition of mental depression & voice came to him, saying: “What doest thou here, Elijah?” And Eljah answered, as_he saw the hopelessness of his case: “I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forshaken Thy covenant, thrown down Thy altars, and slain Thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life to take it away.” The answer to the despairing prophet was: “Go forth,” with the promise that he would be sustained and restored to his place of_power. ijah was overwhelmed by the tragic circumstances created by a dissoluts court. In one form or another, expe- riences analogous to this come to one and all of us. severely than the stances of life. Our whole outlook—in- deed our whole philosophy—may be af- fected by one day of disappointment A month of sunghine with uninterrupted occupations and pleasures may be shadowed by a single day of cloud and rain. Few of us seem to escape the characteristics of our childhood days. This country téday has taken on a fear complex. It is shadowed by disappainted hopes and unfulfilled expectations. After a period of prasperity such as no nation has ever enjoyed we have fallen upon a brief period of less than three years where the artificial values we had created have failed us and all our expectations con- cerning increasing wealth, with in- creasing luxuries and indulgences, have been checked and suspended. We have the same fair estate, the same capaci- ties, the same genius that we possessed in other days, but we have talked so Nothing tests us more | changed _circum- | created so much of mental gloom that we can think of nothing else. All our literature, as well as the utterances Imurh of depression and we have The | heard in legislative bodies and some-! | times from pulpits, are surcharged with | the spirit of pessimism. Qualities that ‘have stood us in stead in other trying | days, are for the while, lost to us. Even | those who avow a Christian faith, are | affected by the prevailing maladies of | the age. We have all forgotten that il true development comes from resisting |and overcoming the hard problems of life. | of dalliance” ever attained a satisfying | objective. | we need to be solemnly reminded today of Him who, through years of persecution, with a cross and ‘martyr- | dom as_its climax, triumphed over all difficulties, surmounted all obstacles and today stands before men as the supremest example of all that is noblest and truest and finest in life. Nothing could do more to restore im- paired confidence, arouse latent quali- | ties of mind and heart and put more | of determination behind our present | futile endeavors than a fresh affirma- | tion of faith and trust in Him who, | pinioned on a cross, declared that He | had reached the high objective of His inistry: “It is finished.” If the people of America could awake some morning with a new hope in their | hearts, fresh courage in their souls and the will to overcome the difficul- ties that beset them. we should be on the way to a mew day of realized ex- pectations and realized hopes. Like Elijah, we can see nothing about us but the defeat of our hopes. We | do not seem to have the capacity to | reappraise what we have, or to use to the largest advantage those essential things that are fundamental to our | greatest usefulness and happiness. We are more deeply affected by changes in values that are superficial than by those stabler things that constitute the real basis of contentment and happi- ness. ‘The whole world from a lowered moral and spiritual vi- tality. It has lost its faith in God and man and in doing so has lost its grip. More than any other form of revival it needs a revival of faith; a faith that restores confidence. stimulates action and compels to militant service coupled with the will to resist and overcome all difficulties. St. Lawrence River Project May Become | Important Issue in the Present Campaign | BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The St. Lawrence River promises to roll iiself inio one of the flercest fights of the presidential campalgn. The “power authority” of the State of New York brings numerous serious charges against the Hoover administra- tion in the matter of the negotiation and conclusion of the St. Lawrence seaway treaty. All five members of the “power authority” of the State of New York are appointees of Gov Franklin D. Roosevelt. Gov. Roosevell gives his backing to the charges brought by them. unanimously, against the White House and the Department of State. The quarrel therefore is really directly between Gov. Roosevelt and President Hoover—which 1s to say be- tween the two major candidates for the presidency in the Fall election. L3R 2 N This is the second of their two main quarrels so far. The first wes, and is, regarding “relief” by the Federal Gov- ernment in the matter of the depres- sion. Gov. Roosevelt at Chicago differ- entiated himself from President Hoover on “relief” more dceply than on any other topic in either of the two party platforms. He maintained that “reli by the Federal Government should bigger and better. forestation” as his suggeste method of bigger and better “relief.” He is expected to specify additicnal methods as the campaign progresses. Pl Clase now upon the heels of “relief” as a Rooseveltian campaign issue comes the St. Lawrence. It is the second genuinely direct and irreconcilable altercation between the two candidates. The surface of it 1s filled with a sandstorm of trivialities. The under- neath of it is occupied by a strong difference in temperament. Gov Roocse- velt tends toward experimentation with the public ownership and operation of clectric power. President Hoover tends away from it. That is the difference in tomperament, in principle. as under- stood by the two men themscives. * x ok % Ironically. in practice, the difference not fo marked. The Democratic platform, adopted at Chicago, under the overwhelming im- mediate influence of Gov. Rcosevelt and his friends. is destitute of any commitment of the party to the electric power public ownership and operation idea. The closest approach to it is in the entirely non-committal words: “We advocate the conservation, de- velopment and use of the Nation's water power in the public interest.” The “public interest” might mean public ownership and operation but it might. contrariwise, mean only public regulation. * k% On the other hand, the record of President Hoover at Boulder Dam. now Hoover Dam, in the Colorado River, is tinged with a public ownership and operation outcome. The dam is beir built by the Federal Goverrment. Tt power plant at the dem will be operated by & private company and by a public instrumentality — the City of Ios Angeles—jointly. The power from the power plant will go largely directly to two agencies publicly owned and operated, namely, the Power and Light Department of the City of Los Angeles and the Metropolitan Water District of Los Angeles and neighbor- ing municipalities. 3 In practice, accordingly. the two candidates are more separated by logic as talked than by life as lived. x x ok % Nevertheless, the separation in tem- perament Goes exist and it urderlies and originates the whale St. Lawrencc controversy. Tre accusations brought in that controversy against President Hoover by the friends of Gov. Roose- velt—and _the replies produced by President Hoover's friends—are as fol- lows: 1. President Hoover refused to see Gov. Roosevelt for 2 conversation re- | garding New York's interest in_the St. Lawrence development. President Hoover's friends reply that at least a dosen” other States were. equally en- | thusiastically in the St. Lawrence de- velopment and that the President ne- gotiated the terms of the development treaty without special pressures from the Governors of any of them. The President saw no reason, his friends say, for giving a unique preferrnce to the Governor of New Yark. 2. In August of last vear Mr. Wil- lam R. Castle, jr. Undersecretary of State, informed Gov. Roosevelt that no negotiations with Canada reg g the St. Lawrence were under way, whereas in this month of this year Preaident Hoover informed Gov. Roosevelt that negotiations with Canada r?ndlnz the St. Lawrence had been under way_for three years. Why this discrepancy? - The President’s friends answer that both President Hoover and Undersec- retary Castle were right. Published ‘public documents prove that diplomatic notes between the United States and C»~~da began getting exchanged as far 2k as 1927—which is five years ago. ifevertheless, at the moment when Un- both lie more or less on the line from | de Ten Commandments,” said Uncle dersecretary Castle wrote his letter to Gresnland to Chicago, which is the | Eben, “as dey pays to de rules of a card * final cbjective. Those points passed, game, de piety of dis world would be The impartial commentator might say > Gov Roosevelt this exchange of diplo- matic notes had tem ily ceased. that President Hoover's statement to @ov. Roosevelt was wholly basically ac- curate, but that Undersecretary Castle's statement should have been | “We used to have bananas. We pres- | ently shall again have bananas. I only wish to say to you that we have no Qunnna; today.” X ¥ h 4. In the course of the negotiations with Canada the State Department did not consult the representatives of the State of New York adequately. The President’s friends reply that the De- partment of State consulted the repre- | sentatives of the State of New York in | | the Department of State Washington on occasions e merous. Thesc consultations took place between hign officials of the Depart- ment of State and individual members of the “power authority cf New York and also, on several oc- ‘«‘a.xmns. between officials of the Depart- | ment of Biate and the total member- I'ship of the New York “power author- ity.” authority” did not get from the De- partme: of State the one big agree- ment that it desired. It is maintained, however, that the “power authority” had ample and repeated opportunities to present its wishes uilding in remely nu 5. The and the agrec President rc rec with the “power authority” of New York on the cubject of the total amount of money to be paid by New York for the wate er part of the St ment and the President is literally pre- | concludes Representative Hardy. who | ciseiy completely true. The President’s friends admit its truth, and say: ok ox ok The President had no legal right. and | today has none, to fix the contribution to be made by New York to the total | costs of the St | The President does not insist, andi does not even suggest, that the developmen of pow t e shall b He is ent that all be by a public owned by New York State He has not been authorized. r. by the Congrcss to det-rmine the cation of total St. Lawrence costs be- tween the Federal Government and New York State. He has not attempted to hold that New York should pay a large sum. Heo has not attempted to hold that New York should pay a small sum. He has left, and is now leav ‘lhr whole matter of the allocation of costs to the only body that has any legal constitutional jurisdiction over it, the Congress. | ok % ¥ Such is the controversy, with its charges and answers. The uncomf table part of it for the President is that Con"!hss in accelerating Gov. Roose- velt's public power policy in New York expeses to Scnator Norris' claim that he is “the agent of the Pow:r Trust.” The uncomfo-table part of i for Gov. Roosevelt is that when he comes before the Congress to try to get it t0 name a small sum for New York's | contribution to the St. Lawrence navi- gaticn and power development he will encounter the Western States; and they will then and there try to diminish their own payments far the navigation works in the river by obliging New York | to pay a large sum for the power works. That last point, indeed, is the solid | money root of this whole shimmering No follower of the “primrose path | is suffering | of the State | It is admitted that the “power | Lawrence double de- | velopment of power and of navigation. | 32—PART TWO. | Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Something of 3 sehoolmaster in poli- tics s Representative Guy U. Hardy of j Colorado, a newspaper publisher, who has an extraordinary knack for edu- cating the people about their Govern- ment. The effort of Congress to reduce the costs of Government is one of the re- cent subjects of outstanding interest which Representative Hardy explained. He points out that the total cost of all government—town, city, county. scLool, State and Nation—is about $14,000.- 000,000 a year. The cost of the Federal Government is about $4,500,000.000, so that the cost of other governmental ! units in city and State is about $9- 1500,000,000. He emphasizes that Con- gress cannot be justly blamed for high t on the home or the farm or for any of the taxes that are usually paid jto the county treasurer at the court | house. The Federal budget, with which Congress has to do, Representative Hardy emphasizes, is only about one- third of the total cost of government. Another important subject. especially apropos of the so-called soldiers’ bonus, which he elucidates, is that of pensions and benefits for veterans of all wars. “This country is grateful” he points out, “and Congress has tried to be lib- eral with legislation and appropriations for veterans and dependents of ail wars. Something over $15,000,000,000 has been for such pensions and benefits. Occasionally uninformed per- isons have quoted this figure as charg- iable entirely against the World War vet- erans. But such is not the case. It covers all wars from 1790 down to date.” Representative Hardy makes an in- teresting summary as follows The cost of pensions granted to vet- erans of all wars, except the great World War, from 1790 to June 30, 1932, was $8,637,569,793 The cost of benefits granted veterans of the World War up to April 31, 1932 amounted to $5,266,952.369.91, to which might be added $1,355,220,091.79 loaned on the bonus certificates. That would make a total of $6,622,172.461.70. Pen- sions and benefiis for the veterans of the scveral wars run about like this War of the Revolution $70,000,00050 War of 1812.... 46,203,800.40 Indian Wars 53,614,907 47 War with Mexico. . 60,149,291 ’i Civil War... 7,601,773,450.02 | var with Spain 886.146.515 60 Regular Establishment 102,372,972 ’i.fl Unclassified. 16,808,856.22 e 8,637,569,793.74 WAIS ... e {World War Benefits. . 6,622,172461.70 Mekin, the rand xl“t‘)‘l.:‘lg of.... .‘ ..$15,239,742.255.44 *x % Representative Hardy also throws a sidelight on the Federal building pro- aram, and the dangers of so-called “pork harrel” legislation along lha% i He points out that the public | all’ " other Wi did not 5 - d 1,093 towns for $70.00) bulét‘ixng) and 418 towns and villages for $55,000 buildings. ¢ He calls attention that in many owns where a $55,000 building was sug- overnment now pays less t. and that when it | gested the G than $1.000 a vear ren ffl" Government moves into a HP“V $55.000 post office building its year!v | Gott for interest apd maintenance 1S I not less than $5,000 per year He cites Holly, Colo.. where the peo- | ple asked him to use his influence | against having the proposed new build- ing buill. “Suppose a $55,000 building | was erected in Holly in the interests of the unemployed.” he suggests. “The ctual construction would require o Nttle labor. particularly local labor, that it would hardly be noticed. A local Jandlord would lose & good tenant. A piece of local real estate would be re- moved from the tax rolls. | hood property owners of the town would have to pay the sidewalk and street | ipaving tax, as the Government docs hot do that. The Past Office Depart- | ment would cease paying the $1,000 a ycar rent But the Treasury Depart- would assume carrying charges of t $5.000 a year. a net loss to th> sovernment of $4.000 a year. For Holly 1; ) get & building it would be necessary Ito give about 1000 other towns of sim- ilar size similar buildings, and that would make an annual loss of about 54,000,000, which would be added to the taxpayers’ bills for many years to come.” | knows his Government finances, because he is an active member of the House Appropriations Committze. * % % x Representative Alfred L. Bulwinkle of Gastonia, N. C. who was a major in command of Field Artillery with the American Expeditionary Forces during the World War and with 10 vears of congressional longevity to his credit. has gone back home to indulge his zeal of legal research. He is especialiy inter= ested in the collection of unusual d ments and has cuite an aloum of such papers, with which he amuses his col- leagues One of his recent finds was a record, now in the custody of the North Caro- lina Historical Commissicn. of an old- |time marriage bond. dated October 3. 1809. in the sum of $500. which sets |forth that: “The conditions of the | above obligation is such, that whereas ,the above bounden Jame Carothers Eath made application for a license for !a marriage to be celebrated between | him and Peggy Swann Neely of Meck- { lenburg County: Now in case it shall rot appear hereafter, that there is any lawful cause to obstruct the said mar- | riege. then the above obligat to | his failure to substitute himself for the |ba void, otherwise to remain in full | force and virtue.” | Another very interesting document | too lengthy to quote fully here was the |last will and testament of one Lorenzo | Ferrer of Lincoln County, N. C., who! | died April 16, 1875, in which he writes |“Whilst I am in possession of my | faculties as I have shortly to appear {at the Tribunal of St. Peter at the gate of eternity, when St. Peter is to | pronounce according to my merits or | demerits: For Our Lord Jesus Christ intrusted the Key of Heaven to St Peter and enjoined him to admit the deserving to enter into Heaven and en- Jjoy an eternal happiness, but to con- demn‘ (l"ie t:xndese?lhnsfl defrauders to everlasting sulphurious flames of Devil's abode. 2 i | flower of presidential politics. ti (Copyright. 1932 e ‘Therefore, I am endeavoring to com- Home Modernizing | Is Proceeding Apace | ‘ BY HARDEN COLFAX. As a result of co-operation between | the building trades and the Home | Modernizing Committee—one of the permanent committees now attached to the Department of Commerce, growing |out of the President's Ccnference on | Hame Building and Home Ownership— $45,000,000 has been subscribed in 162 cities since January 1 for property re- | pair and improvement, according to | this week's report by the committee. | These -modernizing campaigns are proceeding_even during the Summer months. They have bcen most nu- | merous in the thickly. populated dis- tricts of the East and Middle West. | Individual cities in the Southwest have | reported highly successful results and | large amounts of money expended. In | addition to the cities Teporting, there | are ers ca which no financial | statements have vet been available, but |in which womk is going on. Then there are more than 50 other cities in which activities are just started. * % x x Most major activities are reparted {from Illinois. which now has 11 cam- | paigns either just complejed or ac- | tively in progress. 8ix of the cities | where these campaigns have been the most successful have recorded financial | pledges for home improvement aggre- | gating more than $2.000,000. varying i(rum $100.000 in a city of 13,000 popu- lation to $500.000 in a city of 72,000. Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey reported nearly as many campaigns as Illinois. Ten campaigns are on in New York In six ‘cities, with & total amount pledged of port myself in such a manner in order to merit an eternal happiness in the presence of God &nd his angels, and in company with St. Peter. St. Paul. St. Titus, and the other saints. For I {am anxious to converse with those happy martyred saints, and rejoice with them at the firmness, patience, and willingness they endured at their martyrdom, for the sake of Our Lord Jesus Christ. And I am 2lso in hope to see and embrace my kind friend. Michael Hoke, William Lander, and r‘;:rllloe,r“ £ hoand uimn!sl friends with jERoes B1Snoss enjoy an eternal — e $6.242.000. Ohio reports eight major campaigns in six citics, spending $4.- 800,000, Pennsylvania, nine eamp’!mns. in three cities. The work in Michigan was reported to the committee as “job” drives rather th 5 ment. SR IROpCh Y Bupeavg * % % California_and Texas each reports six campaigns, with a total of several millions of dollars apiece. Oregon re- ports three large campaigns and Port- land leads as the individual city. Port- )land, like Cincinnati, Spokane, Duluth (and ‘Omaha, has financed its own im- Dprovements ‘despite heavy drawbacks. A good deal of the prograss of these movements has been due to volunteer activity. In some cities a small fund has been raised for part of the ex- penses. such as stamps. printing and | advertising. One city reported that all of its clerical work was done by high school students without compensation. They regarded this work as their con- tribution toward bettering the city and W urn gratef lor receiving prac= tical training in business. (Copyrisht. 1833), | ing ng Neighbor- | spending approximately half a million | campaigns, or clean-up and paint-up | WHAT BECOMES Without the enactment of any more inflationary lcgislation than already has been provided, the amount of money placed in circulation has been steadily rising through the depression. In Midsummer of 1929, at the height of the greatest boom in the history of this or any other nation, the total of money of all kinds in circulation was per capita. In this Midsummer of 1§32, with unemployment amounting to per- haps 12,000,000, and the National Cap- ital under sicge of an army of bonus scekers, the total money in circulation This shows the phepomcnal increase of $762,763,973 in the total of money held by the people, and of $4.51 in the amount per capita. Only once before in our history has the circulation been greater. That was just as the price sion of 1920-21. Total money in cir- culation then was $5.698214.612 and the money in the hand of each person amounted to $53.21, or $9.36 more than today. In the good old days of 1914, before the World War, the tolal money $34.93 per capita. Today we have $2.- 020,192,346, or $8.92 capita more money than_in 1914. the very good old days of 1879, before the machine age had commenced its ravages on a mass production scale, we had only $810,266,721, or but $16.92 per capita, Mare people have more money now than before the World War! The nu bers of those pre-war people Who excn had $34.93 were only 99,027,000, while the numbers of those Wwho today have $43.85 apiece amount to the tremendous total of 124,957.000. So more people have more monev! Moreover, the pur- chasing power of the dollar is grezter today as to many things than it was in 1914 and very much greazter than itswas in 1929, wl the people had $4.51 gpiece less money than today. Where the Trouble Lies. is no fleticn about these amaz- s. They are official, careiuly checked and rechecked by the Govern- ment’s clerks and expert audi.ors thousands of whem now are being laid off for lack of Treasury funds w pay their wages. In spite of these undeniable figures any sane man in the eounury knows that there is a trick in it scmewher: There is. The money has bezn iss Iirom the Treasury. It is being issu-d in ever-increzsing amounts. It is be | ing paid out through Federzl Re: Banks. It is being lent to the p Through every possible official source ;1;;1];:4115 in money is being poured | “The trick is in a matter of definition For accounting purposes, ihe offici figures list as “money in circulaticn money which has becn icsued to th: public, which has zctually been pat n circulation so far as the gove ment authorities are ab’e to circulate {it. There is nothing else the statisti- cianc can call it. The money is out Not even the sums held in Federal Re- serve Banks, authorized for issue, but not aciually paid cut, are included in | the item “money in circulation.” When the Government puts it in circulation it can classify it in no other w In the public mind the term “m in circulation” means something e It means mcney changing from hand to hand with great rapidity. It means cgsy spending, tae eonstant sight of currency and the ccin of th> realm It means a stead sounding of cash Al Britain Conc | In Ottawa Conference BY A. G GARDINER. LONDON, July 23.—Despite the dra- matic happenings in Germany and | Ttaly, public attention here has centered this week on Ottawa | The opening speeches of the imperial econcmic conference have given more satisfaction to liberal opinjon then to the zealots of the imperial “zollvercin™ idea. of whom Lord Beaverbrook is the { most clamant advocate. Stanley Baldwin's declaration that “we cannot isolate ourselves from the world” struck the keynote of the gath- ering and the most cheering fact was the unanimity with which the delegates | dissociated themselves from the Beaver- | brook thesis of the British Empire against the world. The naive concep- tion that the British Empire can b | consclidated by a ring fence of tariffs ! against the forcigner has been emphal- v Tepudiated. and Baldwin, in urg- the aim of ihc R notion of ing tariffs m. has set up e for the guidance of the ¢ ¥ x % * | It remains to be seen how the good | intentions can be given practical ex- { pression. It is gratefully admitted here | that Premier Benrett's scheme shows | superficially a marked improvement on that which created so unfavorable an impression at the conference in London three years ago. The plan cutlined for a system of re- ciprocal preferences, first between Can- Th; rned | basis of exchange of manufactured | goods for raw materials. was favorably commented on, but the question is asked whether the preferences offered on the { Canadian side are in the direction of | lowering or abolishing duties on British | goods or merely adding a brick or two to the Canadian tariff wall against foreign goods. In a word, has the fun- | damentally_exclusive policy of the Ca- | nadian Manufacturers’ Association been | modified? * ¥ * ¥ Special significance is attached to the report that British and Canadian steel producers have reached an agreement in regard to the allocation of different | tvpes of steel production between the “mo countries. and that the result may | as to enable British producers to secure a substantial part of the American trade in the Canadian market But is the preference of the Bri manufacturers to be achieved by low- | | ering the existing duties on British im- ports cr by raising the duties still | higher against the United States pro- | cucer? It is argued here that applica- Ition of the principle enunciated by Bald- j win in this case would result in a far { more real gamn to British trade and | raise far less objection from the Amer- ican point of view. * ok % | case of the important British trade in- terests with such countries as the A: gentine and Scandinavia, whose prod- ucts are in direct competition with those of South Africa and Australasia. Much recponsible opinion here favors an ex- tension cf the privileges of the British Commonwealth’s economic system to countries that are willing to concede the same terms of commercial inter- course, but if this is premature, feeling is emphatic that nothing done at Ot- tawa should prejudice existing trade with foreign countries. If the wise in- tentions expressed at the opening of the conference should be implemented. every concrete proposal put forward | must be subjected to the test not only of how it affects the trade of Britaln, Canada and India, but of how it re- acts on the trade of the world. * x ¥ % ference centers in the handling of the thorny problem of tariffs, much is ex- pected from it in regard to less contro- versial matters. The desperate position of the primary producing debtor coun- tries like Australia, New Zealand and India, as a result of the calamitous fall in the prices of their export prod- ucts, makes the currency question one of great urgency. and the Ottawa solu- tion of this great matter is anxiously awaited. ; The question * imperial migration $4,716,862,547. This amounted to $39 34 | is $5479,626,520, or $43.85 per capita. bubble burst, precipitating the depres- | in | circulation was only $3.459.434,174, or| ada and this country. on the generzal| be such revision of the Canadian tariff | | The same issue arises acutely in the | While the main interest of the con- | OF OUR MONEY? BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. registers like teams of Swiss bell ring- | ers_in convention. | There are five million more people | In the United States today than there were during that vast boom in the mid- summer of 1929 and each has $451 riore money. ore people have more money! Yet the money does not change hands. cash registers are not 1inging and the rustle of checks has dropped to a murmur. The number of checks passing through clearing houses has been cut almost in half since then. People Are Wrecking Country. ‘The answer to the entire mystery is hoarding. There is averv reason to be- lieve that hoarding is going on now on a greater scale than at any previous time. Theve are several kinds. The rank and file of the people themselves, individuals. are respensible for the areater part of it. Safe deposit boes the maitress, the proverbial sock and every other kind of a hiding place 1s the repository of *~ { wealth in actual mone, cash, not Intangible credit. There has been a deal of talk about the tin boxes of corrupt politicians and the hidden wealth they contain. All the tin boxes of ail the politicians who ever lived would not hold a tithe of the cash in the tin boxes of the hoarders To be sure, the politicians are pre- sumed to keep their money in tin boxes because its source cannot bear investi- gation. The tin boxes of the people contain money honestly come by, but its hoarding constitutes a menace to the Nation immeasureably greater than the actions of any number of politicians Fear of inability to lay thefr hands or: cash in times of stress is at the bot- tom of the hoarding. So many toilers have lost hard-won savings through the coliapse of banks that they have urned to first principles and protected themselves and their own by keeping their money in their personal ~ssicn ) medievalists, sit guata: hoards Ancther kind of hoarding is by banks end to a considerable extent it has been forced v them by the public anks have departed m their usual policy and have con- verted their resources into actual cash to e able to meet runs upon them Never before in the history of crican banking have banks been 30 21l able to meet runs A third kind of hoarding is practiced by cnmmo.rc:a: houses and corporations. Fearing that their borrowing facilities might bz cramped, preventing them from grasping such business as may be offered. they have maintained cash hoarads. of _ The strong lesson these official figures is that there is nothing further y of inflationary measures Govirnment can do. It has in glittering see it sink and disap- sands of hoarding instead 1s of industry. The loss has had the of multiplying losses through secreting of the medium of ex- cffect, the responsibility in the situation th the pecple themselves and not e Government. No political the situation so long oney continuss to go into hiding a; provided more people nev to use than they had st boom of 1929. inct use it for them must use it for themselves. Fifty Years Agd In the Star th They Half a century ago the Potomac River was the scene of much activity on the part of local carsmen organized into several clubs. and representatives of these organizations oc- casionally participateq in matches in other waters A proposition was mace for a local regatta as s means of promoting the port. The Star of July 19, 1882, savs “Boating men generally are very much interested in the proposed regatta on the Potomac. There will be no ex- cuse now for any of our clubs to hold off from a square trial. The excuse fot sending representative crews to neigh- boring regattas instead of rowing on the Potomac has been that no prizes were offered to row for here. There will be no doubt about the prizes—now. All t is necessary is for the clubs to ange the time of holding their re- and select their crews. Mr. J. W. Boteler, who has kindly offered handscme prizes for a race. said 1o a Star reporter last evening that he h always recelved handsome treat- hands of District clubs us of showing his ap- :ation of it. The priscs will be dual badges and stand of colors for the club. “The regatta, which will be known as the ‘Boeeler regatta,’ may be held the latter part of September. The clubs are not active yet in the matter. but they have had ample notice and there will be no excuse for not putting in an appearance when the race comes off. Now that such a good start has been given to a home regatta, no doubt ar- rangements will be made for holding & race for singles as well as for fours. “At present the Columbias are in the best shape for putting forth a good crew. They have had eight men in training all the season and can select 2 fine crew at short notice. The crew that rowed at Fredericksburg on the Fourth of July proved to be a very fasi one. Henderson, who pulled bow in that race, pulled as finished an oar as any in the boat, but he is generally thought to be tco light for the rest of the men. The probability is that Wood- ward will be substituted in his place. Nute, Kintner, Davis and Woodward would make & very strong erew. The | Columbias are now at the top of the heap and they intend to make any crew | pull hard to take the championship | from them. “The Analostans have been very quiet this year, but they have shown themselves able o get a good crew to- gether at short notice. The crew they sent to Fredericksburg was considered s strong as any they have had in a shell for many years and all they need now is practice. Page, their bow, is in New York. but he can be countsd on for putting in an appearance when a race is on hand “The Potomacs are very backward this year. A junior crew is the only one that they have sent out thus far. ‘The prospect of a real regatta will, no Coubt, stir them up. It is difficult to predict the Potomac crew, but the prob- ability is that Wheeler, Morgan and Beaver, a new man, will occupy seats in the boat. “One thing is certain, none of the clubs can efford to hold back from this race, even if there is a certainty of de- | feat. It is likel | cared light-weight crews from our three | clubs This race would 2dd greatly to | the intercst of the proposed regatta and it would prove nearly as interesting as the senior race. “If this regatta should prove a suc- cess. as it undoubtedly will, if a few soreheads in each club will permit the hatchet to remain buried and not to re- open old sores. there is no reason why we should not have a Potomac navy, with regattas twice a year, and fre- quent naval parades.” Petomac Regatta. is equally clamant. The magnitude of | the uncmployment problem in Britain | —largely due to the fact that emigra- tion to the dominions has ceased and | the tide of the movement turned in the other direction—and expedients for restoring the natural flow of the popu- lation, are among the most important . | subjects the conference has to econ- sider. (Copyright. 1932.0 | e