Evening Star Newspaper, June 21, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR Wikh Sanday Morning Pk, _ WASHINGTON, D. C TUESDAY. .June 21, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYE® The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bus:ness Office. 11th St Yor d Pennsylvania Ave i e 110 Bas: 4204 8t 1 Ofiice. Lake Michikan Building. i&ron n Office 14 Regent ., London, Engiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star 45¢ per menth Evening and Sunday Star T end undars) ", 80c per month | Eening and Sunday Siar | T e e ye . 65 per month | “The 8unday Star Sc ¢ ers NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. i +$10.00: 1 mo.. 85¢ aily and Sunday.....1yr.310.00: 1 mo. 8 hda only L. 1yr. $4.00. 1 mo., 40c | All Other States and Canada. ails and Sunday...1yr.$1200: 1mo.. $1.00 Bally Sy SUner” 1300 N300 1inon Tise Inday only 131 3500 1mo. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press s exclusively ciititled 40 the lise for fepublication of af 1.ews diz- teher credited o it of ROt Othermise eied- fed 'in 1his paper and also the local news rublished herein ~ All rights of publication of Fpecial dispatches herein are also reserved Still a Hodge-Podge. The pay cut as finally approved by the House and as, in all probability, it will be approved by the Senate is such a confusing mixture of straight | salary slashing and furloughing without pay that it is doubtful if anybody in Washington today knows exactly how it | will work. In principle, the furlough without pav is the choice between the less of | two evils. For the majority of Federal personnel the salary scale is maintained, even though the pay is reduced for the next ficcal year. The approval by the Federal Government of the five-day wesk means that when normal condi- tions are restored the full benefits of this principle stould be realized by shorter hours of labor at higher, not lowo:. rates of pay. | Upon the heads of the departments, | bureaus and independent establishments | of the Government, however, there now | devolves the responsibility of admin- istering & mixed furlough and pay cut with the least amount of confusion and | in the face of conditions that are, in ! &ome' cases, obviously inequitable. It will doubtless be scme time before their in- dividual soluticns of the new order will | e doubt and uncertainty now | ng in the Federal service. One of the palpable injustices result- | ing from the strange combination of | cugh and pay cut is that while the cugh affects the majority of Federal | personnel receiving more than $1.000 | a vear, and while those so affected will all probebility be put on the five- week basis with every Saturday ! thus enjoying compensation in Jeisure to offset the denial of compen- sation in salary, another great class of Federal employes, who for one or more reasons cannot be furloughed because their services cannot be spared, will have their salaries cut by 8.3 per cent i but will not receive the compensation in | time off given to others. There will be | the case of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith, who may work in the same office and at approximately the same salary. Mr. Jones will be furloughed for a month without pay, and Wwill receive the fur-| Jough in weekly installments of half a | day—Saturday morning -a week. But Mr. Smith, whose services cannot be spared, will have his salary cut in the | same proportion and possibly in the! same amount that the salary’of his co- worker was cut, but will be denied these Saturday mornings off. One class of | employes will, in effect, receive the| zame pay for time spent at work that is received now. But the time at work | is cut. The other class of employes will work as hard and as long as ever, but will receive less money for it. But the most glaring injustice re- sulting from this hodge-podge is found in the fact that all vacations with pay have been eliminated for the next fiscal year—the fifteen-day annual leave not becoming operative until the fiscal year 1934. It would be impos- sible to justify on any grounds the rankling injustice of this action.” Mr. Jones, who was mentioned above, will again be compensated in part for the loss of his vacation with pay. He will be allowed some lelsure, even though he has to pay for it. On the other hand Mr. Smith is not only cut in salary, but is denied any time off and in addi- tion loses all of his vacation. There are other confusing conditions | and inequitable provisions that will be revealed when the law is more closely | studied. They are the outgrowth of the | attempt by Congress to squeeze blood out of a turnip by trying to make any | substantial savings from the already low and inadequate salaries of Federal em-, ployes. The sum total effect of the final | effort will be to increase unemployment, | decrease purchasing power, add in vari- ous ways to the viclous circle of the depression and seriously to impair the morale and the efficiency of the Federai establishment. { In a day not so long past one remedy for lameness was to soak the crippled member in water in which tripe had been boiled. As a method of treatment, it was probably as efficacious and based on principles every bit as sound as the modern method of fighting the results of depression and unemployment by | cutting salaries and increasing unem- | ployment. ——— - When Mr. McNabb of California made the startling suggestion that the party might be split by the adoption of the minority report on the eighteenth amendment, in the €Xcitement nobody took the trouble to ascertain just which element of leadership would be so im- placable. | | N An American Woman's Triumph. Washington today gives welcome to ‘Mrs. Amelia Earhart Putnam, the first . woman solo fiyer to make the Atlantic hop. She reached New York yesterday and was greeted there with the usual accolade of ticker tape and an en- thusiastic welcome, and, flying to the Capital today, Is expericncing a serles of receptions and honors climaxing to- night with the presentation at Consti- { tution Hall of the National Geographic ¥ Bociety medal, which will be placed in her hands by the President of the United States. It was just five vears ago Charles Lindbergh went through the me expertence. Indeed, it was five veurs 14 A day after Lindbereh that s Bglnam made ler flight. Quun since this span there have been numerous failures in attempts to fly the Atlantic and several successes. Mrs. Putnam, however, scored a victory of historic significance in her duplicaticn of the Lindbergh feat. There is a likeness between these two performances just as there is some measure of physical like- ness between these two remarkable young Americans. These two flights, by Lindbergh and Mrs. Putnam, have demonstrated that | successful Atlantic flying demands particular qualities. Not many fiyers have them. They must possess not | only skill in manipulating their planes, but a veritable sixth sense of location *rcopy | and exceptional ability to judge the | atmospheric conditions. They must | have strong nerves and dauntless cour- | age. ‘There is something thrilling and in- spiring in the thought of this young woman setting off alone against heavy hazard with a slender margin of fuel over an expanse of sea that may present crushing adversities in the course of a few hours. What is ac- complished in the advancement of aviation by such feats? It may be sald that every successful flight of dif- ficulty and danger marks progress. Planes are tested and the experiences of every aviator who makes goal against such hazards are of value in guiding toward the day when Atlantic fiying will be no longer noteworthy. . - America in Internatjonal Affairs. A timid step forward\for America’s official participation in international conversations was taken at the Repub- lican party's convention in Chicago. The plank itself appears fairly innocu- ous; it merely says that it favors | purticipation by the United States in | gloves international conferences. ‘The meaning of these words is however, important. For years, ever since the end of the World War, the European nations have wanted this country to participate in the solution of all their troubles, political financial. The American people have always been opposed to foreign entangle- ments and agreements. It is impossible to reconcile the European interpretation of peace with the American point of view. Peace treaties were signed after the World War, which a large section of the American people considered un- just and likely to breed another war. Some nations want them maintained at any price, even that of war. Other nations want them changed: their maintenanuce, they say, is a cause of war in itself. Between these diametrically opposed theories, it is only natural that the American pecple should want to stay out of any agreements with either of the groups which cannot agree as to what constitutes a cause for trouble. But our interest in international affairs has been rapidly growing. We loaned money to the whole world; our | trade expanded over the seven seas. The restlessness of Europe affects us. The danger of a new war worries us. Since 1922 we have made strenuous | efforts to overcome the dangers which are menacing the world; we have re- duced our Navy, we have cut our Army | to an almost dangerous minimum in the hope that others would follow our example. To do this, international conferences ‘were necessary, and we have had them, participating in them, either here, or by sending delegates abroad. Since 1919 some fifty-two interna- tional conferences have been held, and American delegates have sat in thirty of them. But lately the main obstacle to our attending these international parleys was the fact that the President of the United States had to ask Congress for the necessary funds to send dele- gations to these conferences. If the Congress was in & “conference mood,” the necessary funds were granted; if Congress was in a battling mood, these appropriations were difficuit to obtain. The plank of the Republican party, to give the President the authority to send delegates to attend international conferences, proposes to do away with this difficulty. If it is followed by leg- islation, the United States will be able to join other nations any time the President may deem it advisable. And the chances are that a good many con- ferences will have to be called before the present uncertain situation in the world has been settled. The Kellogg-Briand pact, which was hailed at one time as the only instru- ment which could dispose of the danger of a new war, as much as any such instrument can be effective in our days, is an agreement whereby all signatories renounce war as an instrument of na- tional policy. It does not provide, how- ever, for sanctions; neither does it pro- vide for any consultation among the interested parties should such a danger oceur. The President has by the Constitu- tion of the United States the full re- spousibility for the conduct of the for- eign affairs of this country. By free- ing his hands of the obligation of going to Congress for the necessary appropria- tions to send a delegation to an inter- national conference, an important step toward & more effective co-operation of the United States in international affairs will be taken. It will be half- way between implementing the Kellogg- Briand pact and the much disliked con- sultative pact. It will mean that this country will always be able to consult with other nations, without, however, assuming any direct obligations as a consequence of such consultations. ‘This the United States has been doing for years; this it intends to do in the future. But with the proposed fund at his disposal the position of the President will be easier, because he will no longer be dependent on the mood of Congress. S Delegates for Franklin Roosevelt are reported confident that they got their stampede well under way before Al Smith's had a chance to start. — v e A German-American Battle. ‘Tonight for the second time in years Mr. Jack Sharkey of Bosion Herr Max Schmeling of Hamburg will mix mitts at Long Island City for the heavyweight championship of the world. Both in the United States and Germany other matters more momen- tous than this fifteen-round title brawl engage attention, yet a fistic combat of such dimensions, commercialized bally: hoo that it is, has an frresistible appeal for the averaze man and. In these unregenerate days, even for many women. From Mafne to California ears will be glued to radio sets for a two and and | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. | blow-by-blow account of the s\u‘!ut' ! which will either transfer a fighter’s crown to America, whence it passed ln| | 1930, ¥ leave it perched on the shaggy ! head of the brawny young Teuton who won it on a foul from his an- tagonist of tonight. “The caulifiower industry,” as a well known sports writer has christened the pastime, once famed as a manly art, has fallen into unmistakable decay in this country. The long succession of contests decided on fouls, in ahich Sharkey, the loquacious gob, had more than his share, tended cumulatively to kill popular interest in champion: ship battles and destroy public col fidence in their integrity. The cash :cu!tomerx on whom the Tex Rickards of other days were wont to wax fat | came slowly to the conclusion that the ! average boxing match was a “frame- up” decided by considerations other than the skill of the declared winner. | The sudden craze for wrestling was | the direct consequence of public sus- | picion that many prizefights were fakes. ‘The disappearance of Jack | Dempsey from the galaxy of cham- plons also diminished interest in the heavyweight game. Splendid and clcan sportsman and gladiator as he was, | Dempsey's conqueror, Gene Tunney, | never approached the Manassa mauler |in popular favor. | Max Schmeling personifies the new Germany of the post-war era. Eetore he emerged into fame the Fatherland had never produced & boxer of im- ! portance. On his few appearances in | this country Schmeling has conveyed the impression of being a clean-cut | scrapper, who fights hard and fair and | couples with his pugilistic artistry a ! modesty commendable as it is rare | among the knights of the six-ounce Sharkey has been more adept | with his mouth than with his fi It he conquers Schmeling this thne, “Maxie's” eclipse will not maie his American admirers forget that, Kipling's fuzzy wuzzy, he was “a firs class fightin' man.” | = R | Perhaps it would be only a wild flight ! of imagination to think that after the remarkable effect of Mr. Rockefeller's | comments on the eighteenth amend- | ment, it might be worth while to ask stampeders. e | malities, it may be interesting to ascer- {tain just how far ex-Senator France ! had been equipped with authority or | encouragement to introduce Mr. Coolidge | at the Republican convention as a re- | formed non-chooser. | e B Little good, at this time, to the | prestige of former Secretary of War Baker could be expected from a re- minder to the bonus marchers that he | was not really in favor of the war in [ the first place. Additional interest is given to & con- | vention as radio permits the wide world to know what happened, how it hap- pened. but not always precisely why |1t happened. | ‘There is no need for research to | identify the bonus marchers as former |soldiers. ‘Their consistent respect for discipline easily makes their old asso- ctation plain. - - —— Nobody has been quite so impractical jas to suggest that the eloquent Dr. Clarence True Wilson be invited to lend his efforts to conciliate the bonus marchers. R Gaston B. Means has been in custody for some time and none of the guards has complained of having purchased any kind of & gold brick. e - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Broke. A man who goes completely broke Resists your effort light, * No matter if you tell a joke You thought extremely bright. For just one thought will occupy His mind, when things go flat. To cheer him you will vainly try, He's Broke. And That is That. There's no use singing ringing rhymes Recalling splendid dreams; No use of turning loose the chimes On sentimental themes; No use to show the beauteous sights, When he has hit the mat ‘Where grim Misfortune fiercely fights, He's Broke. And That is That. The best of reasoning at hand May carefully explain The things affection nobly planned But strives for, but in vain. ‘What good is sympathetic cheer In phrases falling flat ‘When this one simple fact is clear; He's Broke. And That is That. Patient D. C. “Why do they take political conven- tions to Chicago,” asked the lady with a note book, “instead of holding them where all statesmen can conveniently attend?” “But, lady!” protested Senator Sor- ghum, “hasn’t Washington, D. C., al ready got crowd enough to worry over' Jud Tunkins says that every politi- clan, whether he admits it or not, is some kind of an office seeker at heart. Parliamentary Problems. “A stein on the table!” No more do they scoff, But ask, “who is able " To move the stein off?” Second Thought. “Have you moved into your new | apartment?” | “Yes,” answered young Mrs. Twitters, “we’'ve moved the radio and the phono- graph and the college souvenirs— Heavens, we've forgot the coffee pot and | the dishes!” “No man can mould his own destiny,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “any more than a tree can select the shape which climate and situation will require it to assume.” Delegated Worry. A man who can refuse to fret A light of wisdom reaches. He says, “I'll stay at home and let The others make the speeches.” “Hard work,” said Uncle Eben, “be- ®ins to look mighty easy when any kind o' work is hard to git.” —— vt Some Need to Go There. From the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. “Schoal for Auto Drivers Planned"— headline, Can it possibly be a reform school? . S like | |him to take a chance as one of the When there is more time for for- | ———— ‘When visiting friend’s home, the booklover is always glad when some- thing happens to call others out of the living room for a time. This gives him the opportunity of inspecting the bookcases without the necessity for any comments, one way or another. A booklover appreciates this. He has no desire to cast a surrep- titious glance at the furnishings, even at the cases, as visitors were wont to !do in the old times. Nor does he make critical—and un- friendly—remarks to himself about the {'choice ‘of books. His sole interest, as one interested in_them, lies in the books themselves. He realizes that many things, includ- ing men and the vears, contribute to the home book shelves. | _Therefore he scorns ds. nothing he | Every book is interesting to him, ‘;e\‘er_\' title and every author. He feels sorry for all impetuous readers who do not have time for authors. ! Knowing and recognizing authors is jone of the true joys of liking books. Here again he does not occupy the scorner’s bench. i He simply laments the fallure of these people to be interested in authors. They miss much. And he is willing to give a tip to all such people, an infallible way to keep track of one's authors. The way to do this is very easy. a book, whether in a store, in a book- case, or in an advertisement, to look for the author's name, immediately after the title. ‘The title necessarily comes first, If the eye is trained to turn next to the name of the writer, it will 80 there unconsciously, without any effort at all, and the name will be impressed indel- 1bly upon the mind. A second rule in this matter is similar: Always make it a point to | look at the title page of a book one { holds in one’s hand. _ There the writer's name is displayed in full. The general failure of so many readers to “bother,” as they say, with title pages and introductions re- sults in their missing real book pleasures. | As long as one is going to read at | all, one might just as well get all that is coming to him, had he not, in the i reading line? | This is being somewhat piggish with purpose. We suppose the ia lure to be inter- ested in authors' names, on the part of many readers, is a part of their genuine Jack of interest in writing as | & profession i, No oue can blame them for that They deal in coal. in stenography. in clerical work. in medicine, in aviation, in the thousand-and-one lines of work Wwhich make up the list of human ac- tivities which help keep body and soul together. If they are going to read books, how- ever, they owe it to themselves, as welt | BS to writers, to know names. just as | the ground aviation “fan” keeps track of all the airplane manufacturers. and can tell you instantly the name of the maker of any plane in the sky by its | silhouette, i Those truly interested in books rec- ognize this duty, to know their authors, and even to have some comprehension of publishers. The latter are worthy | gentlemen, quite human in every way: jcach firm has its specialty, its main | Intellectual interests: the reader who knows his publishers, as well as his authors, usually can tell & great deal about a book simply by knowing the firm which puts it out. If one gets an uninterrupted chance, | while visiting, to lock over the home | bookcases. he will experience the pleas- jure of reviving in his own mind the memory of many happy moments. Usually he will find several volumes yover which he spent delightful hours, books which time may have taken com- pletely out of his thoughts, but which now leap back into them at & bound, and find themselves at home there. This is one of the inner joys of the love to books, that no other human being can take away their affection in AILY MAIL, London—Repre- sentatives of the chief coal- produeing countries of Europe met at Geneva to consider & scheme for putting an end to the present chaos in the industry. Mr. Efly Edwards, president of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, announced that an attempt would be made to secure an international agree- ment on production, marketing and rices. It is hoped to end such anoma- ies as Great Britain exporting coal to | Poland and Poland to Great Britain,, Under the proposed scheme each | country will be given certain markets in which other countries will agree not to compete. This system, lieved. will produce an all-round drop in prices. It is understood here that Seiss im- rters have placed big orders with ‘elsh coal companies. * ok ox % Mexican Women Seek Deputy Seats. El Universal, Mexico, D. F.—Two women, the Senorita Florinda Lazos Leon, in the state of Chiapas, and Se- norita Francisca Manrique, in'the state of Guanajusto, have sought the privi- lege of candidacy to the National Cham- bers as Deputies from their respective constituencies. Both are graduates in law and the latter a teacher in a pro- fessional school. They desire to stand for election as representatives of the National Revolutionary party. The Committee on Elections, how- ever, has expressed the opinion that the time has not yet arrived in Mexico when women can function in such im- portant duties. It would derange the pelitical order of the country, particu- larly since, despite all feminist agita- tlon, women have not yet received the right to vote. When the time sgems appropriate the first reform, thal of the feminine franchise, will be inaugu- rated by the National Revolutionary party, but until then the participation of women as candidates in the ap- proaching elections would be much too anticipatory. * ok ok ok Scotch Writer Urges Job Preference. Evening Times, Glasgow.—To the Editor: Your esteemed correspondent “Be Broadminded” is probably unaware of the fact that it is almost compulsory In the United States for employers to glve first preference to 100 per cent American citizens. And this also ex- plains why the bulk of the unemployed at the present time in America are aliens. It is difficult to obtain any satisfac- tory job there without taking out your first papers of naturalization. Another point he misses out is the question of poll tax. If our stupid au- thorities had levied a poll tax upon all allens entering this country, we would not be crowded out of jobs by cheap foreign labor today. No government in the world has neglected this grave ques- tlon like Britain, to our sorrow. I am, etc, BRITAIN FOR THE BRITISH. * k kX Polish Viewpoint On Arms Disclosed. Voelkerbund, Geneva.- -The standpoint of the Polish government on disarma- ment is that certain persons and or- ganizations are actively sowing the seeds for new conflicts, if it is conceded that the unrest in Europe and in the world has yet to he created and is not already A fact, ‘The varjous so-called peace” have by no means “treatles of Simply make it a rule, in looking at | Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands it is be- | in wait. _ The TUESDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. return. Every book which has been rightly loved forever returns some share of that emotion. It is not a lifeless thing, of boards and paper only, but contains something | of life in it, instinct with breath, lndi glances, and the tcuch of hands. | ‘The hands of booklovers caress book | covers and pages. He who crumples | and bends cannot be called a real book- {lover, although he may think he is. | The poet who cut the pages of new | books with a knife with which he had | | just buttered his breakfast toast was | something of a scoundrel at heart, and | no booklover would want him in his library, for fear he might become hun- gry and eat a volume or two. Finicky booklovers, however. by no | means can be said to set the standards. | There are scores of lovers of good books who by no means reverence the physical embodiments of intellectuality. Even these will not mutilate their books, but will look upon them as part of the | household gods, to be kept with the | same care as the new radio recelving set and the Persian rug. Recognizing old friends on some one | else’s shelves will not overshadow the pleasure of finding books which one | had meant to read but somehow never got 'round to. The title, the author, the publisher— | these strike one instantly. The book is | withdrawn, and the title page inspected | for additional facts, if any. The physical aspects of the book, begin to be weighed, even as one holds | it in one’s hands. The weight of a volume can tell a great deal about fit, Bocks published in England. even though bound jn America, as a rule are | very much lighter in weight They prefer them so, ever there, and they are right. A few samples may be taken of the book, as one stands with it in the hand. A look at the first page often | reveals much. This is the natural and standard approach to sampling an known wcerk. Often the entire ton set in the very beginning. The ex-| rienced reader is able to tell, after a page cr two, whether it is meant for him What he never does is to read th ending. To him it is no temptation. for he has trained himself since youth to avoid reading endings first. not only because it is the common habit of those | who have no real regard for literature, | but also because it is an intrusion on ! the rights of a writer. The pernicicus habit of making a grab for the last words in a book or article smacks of the man who !'eads} for profit only. the book utilitarian, the opportunist who sceks to wrest per- ! sonal profit from everything in life, af whatever cost. It must be plain to any one that' the writer of a book began. wrote the | body of the book. and then ended it. | In practically every case he built his | thought up to a certain pitch. The only way that any réader can arrive | at an approximation of the mental | glow which rewarded the writer is to | %0 through exactly the same process with him The art of writing and reading rests upon that solid foundation of mental | progress. He who would attempt to reap the harvest without the work, who steals | in by the back door, instead of enter- | ing at the 1r like a gentleman. may | rest assured that he will never know | exactly what the author tried to say. | nor will he have any knowledge of how | he tried tc say it. 2 These th ughts come to one, stand- | ing in froat of a friend’s bookcases. | Happy moments. stolen out of a b day, “alone with one’s thoughts and the ‘world's books. Reading aloud. or having some one read to one. often is necessary, and | sometimes splendid, but the Lt way to read. after all, is alone, by one's self, to one's self alone. Then, and then alone, thought | answers to thought, the ideas of writer have full opportunity to strike forth fire, the answering thoughts of reader are able to penetrate mere type and vage, and somehow. he is convinced find their way back to the universal source of all ideas. | creating a state of peace in the minds | of the people. Really, they have had | | an exactly opposite effect, and the cause of Europe’s unrest is the inequality of armaments and the treaties. The Polish delegates are pledged to | insist that the present conference elimi- nate one of these causes—that is, the inequality of armaments. Germany, too, | is fighting for disarmament, recognizing that peace is merely & formal state and | not one which lives in the hearts of men | 50 long as their political state is either one of subjection or isolation. Genuine and universal peace can exist only when | there is freedom and equality of all na- | tions. For this reason, what is known as | “moral disarmament” has been inter- esting for some time not only public |opinion, but also many responsible | statesmen. Dangerous agitation in cer- tain quarters is arousing universal un- | easiness and creating an atmosphere of i disgust which frustrates all efforts for the consolidation of peace. The Polish government therefore desires to draw attention to the necessity for moral dis- | armament. The governments of almost | every country have accepted the prin- ciple of the condemnation of war as an | instrument of international achieve- | ment and their domestic policy should also be based on this principle. Severe | measures should be adopted in every | land to deal with any person attempt- ing to undermine the moral bases of world peace by 8 propaganda of hatred | A unification of all national legislation | should define and fix the penalties of all | those agitating aims dangerous to peace. |A Constructive Plan For Aiding Marchers | o the Editor of The Star Have just finished reading Mr. New- |ton J. Darden's letter entitied “Bonus | Marchers Offer a Grave National Prob- lem.” printed in The Star, and his sug- | gestions are so identical with my own ideas, that I am impelled to write and Join him in advocating such an obvious way out of this momentous problem. These men were faken from their vari- ous gainful avocations, sent to camps, their sportation, food, clothing, shelter, all provided, and pald also. This for warl Now why could not this present tragic national sltuation, be placed on & war basis, and all of this army of unemployed. including the velerans, be transported with their families to Government lands? They would be pioneers in & new venture, with someone wise, efficient and capable of directing this venture at the head. ‘The vast sum appropriated for relief purposes could be used to mobilize and transport this army to any given sec- tion selected, set them to work build- ing, not digging trenches, putting up barbed wire entanglements, but, as Mr. Darden says. to work at all manner of things needful to the success of such an_enterprise shelter, farming. Among this greal number of men there are all trades, and professions, and how happy they would be to have a chance to earn their bread once more. While we were at war large numbers of temporary buildings were erected to house those who must do their bit in the mad orgy of destruction and blood- shed, wanton waste in equipment, money thrown with a lavish hand. Why could not this contemplated construc- tion work be postponed? We do not need warships, huge useless dirigibles, and we can get along ouite well with out any more huge public buildings at present. Various othgx projects could present situation I with 1, JUNE 21, 1932. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. THIS HUMAN NATURE: A History, A Commentary, An Exposition. By Charles Duff. New York: Cosmo- politan Book Corporation. Conceding practical defeat at the out- set, Mr. Duff contends, nevertheless, that hardly a more engrossing pursuit can be set up than that of trailing the elusive ways of human nature from its beginnings back in the dark, throughout its generally furtive career on up to | the present. Indefinitely, also, through the future. Selfish, at heart, as man was, and is, and will be, concealment is his chief protection against moral codes that are, still, many ages ahead of his own actual development. Sel- fishness is deplorable, to be sure. Yet it is the groundwork of every living thing. Man, animal, plant, self-urg- ency an instinct. However, it is with man alone that this author is concerned. So he goes back to the accepted beginnings of the human in a review of the primal in- stincts that set man not at all above fellow creatures in the animal and plant world. Hungers of the individual body,. food hungers and sex hungers. drove man to immediate personal safety and | gradually, by way of self-perpetuation, outlined, rudely, a collective life which, today, is represented by peoples and nations. Which. tomorrow, may cut- minate in a world society. A long to- morrow, but that is the line set. The use of fire, the notion of land ownership by the individual, these are | waymarks of primitive source along the | road upon which we now are traveling by way of human nature. Most inter- esting, this story. The author, having dug and delved into available sources of information, has avoided the appear- ance of deep research and heavy learn- ing. On the contrary, in everyday tones and words he weaves the absorb- ing story of ourselves, growing trained and sophisticate in human nature as Phenicians, as Egyptians, as Greeks, “liberating the mind” &s partakers in the golden age of reason.” In a succeeding study we are Romans, settin he materialism which, to- v only. has swept the world into the ulfillment of that creed. And his. goes the spiritual challenge of Christianity. So. step by step, often by accident or other influence of un- | reason. human nature advances here through concrete example of period or master-man toward the present and the uture. Finally in the company of this com- municable writer we come to our own | day, where we are able, within limits, | to look straight across at ourselves With thousands of years to our ac- hat are we doing? And, right nere *harles Duff takes off his gioves and goes at the present bare-handed. With <o much of wealth. why poverty? With S0 much of opportunity, why ignor- ance” With the doors of truth, sciel tific truth, open, why frauds and sil. isms ranging the whole gamut of da life. collective and individual? W is human nature itself static, in effect though the world around is changiug incredibly in rate and characte: “Man will probably become a fitter animal-—death rates will be reduced the span of life lengthened.” B: and here follows a disquieting picture of man changing but little in tnat "human nature” is so keen a study. Not a sentimentalist, this writer. Not even a fair optimist. But a forth- right man, sumptions and promises with which stark facts are too often presenied.| A thorough investigator and a sturdy | man with his words. “This Human Nature” is not only an unusual piece of research, it is alsh a straight, even blunt, avowal of findings that are of moment and interest to average read- ers, who are genuinely curious about themselves and the rest of us. oo ox MR. MILLER OF THE TIMES: Story of an Editor. Bond. New York: ner’s Sons. In substance this is the biography of a great newspaper. In addition, it is the story of a great editor’s life, its early years in their influential bearings upon subsequent events, upon the ca- reer that created and sustained the Times. In a real sense, too, it is the biography of every newspaper in its growth, in its certain policy., in its definite influence upon affairs, both local and of wider e. And. most common of commonplaces, what a mystery, aftep all, a newspaper is. The head of it, more often than otherwise, almost never really visible, its influ- ential forces unnamed. even its work- ing hand merged into innumerable hands. Yet, ite such vagueness of derivative outline, there the dai. press is, bodily in its presence, grea est of educative agencies. specific in character, definite and positive in per- sonal force. Such the Times. Such, in its own measure, every newspaper in_existence. Speedily the author of this story passes over the New England birth of the By F. Fraser Charles Scrib- Charles R. Miller. Traditionally true to; locality, Dartmouth educated the youth. Native bent turned him toward “writing for the papers.” with an occasional out- let by way of poetry. Having provided the background of young Miller's ad- vance in a true economy of substance, the story merges promptly into that of the young man's identity with the Times, where by steady growth in ex- perience and special knowledge he be- comes, in fact, the true representative of that organ. Here, too. included within the scope of this double study is a history of American politics for the first 20 years of this century, a survey, besides, of the high points in international affairs. Here is a procession of figures cele- brated in politics, statesmanship, finance, in public affairs generally. Men who at one high point or another have come close to the editor in chief of this metropolitan paper. The reader will meet President Roosevelt here and Mr. Taft and Woodrow Wilson. And most interesting will he find the con- ference in war time between President Wilson and Mr. Miller. An unusually revealing picture of Mr. Wilson this conference permits. Other great edi- tors come into this biography of the Times. Charles Dana, James Gordon Bennett, Henry Watterson and others appear as picturesque and influential members of this “Fourth Estate.” Interesting as the story is, the story of the man and the paper, iis deep in- terest lies in its generally illuminating study of the press itself as one of the great—as probably the greatest—influ- ence of institutional character that ex- ists in public life today. The great ex- tension course in public education, the newspaper, is every man'’s college course, inclusive in subject and world-wide in reach. Quite a responsibility, but such, even in spite of itself, the modern press has become. e Soaring Finance. From the Cleveland News. Underwriters planning a new type of aviation insurance want it distinctly understood that it doesn't come under the head of blue sky financing. ——— Solace. From the Toledo Blade. Must be & great relief to & defeated candidate to reflect that he doesn't have to keep the promises he made during the campaign. ] In the Firing Line. From the Pasadena Post. By the way, there seems to be specific danger in being ruler of Italy. Far safer to be nothing but a king. calls for emergency tactics. There is no time for long debates while Ameri- can citizens starve, commit suicide, mothers in despair killing their children and then themselves. This is war of a different kind and calls for all the expeditlon of speed that a esll to arms sets in motion. R. L. BAILEY, in that day no less than in! -l Q [ in Spir of which this book | who rejects the easy as-| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The answers to questions gprinted here each day are specimens picked from the mass of inquiries handled by our great Information Bureau main- tained in Washington, D. C. This valuable service is for the free use of the public. you may want to know and you will get an immediate reply. Write plainly, inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage, and address The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Fred- le)rlc J. Haskin, Director, Washington, . C. Q. In the past four years which major league has made the most home runs?>—G. H. A. The National League. the National e had 610: 1929, 754; 1930, 892; 1931, 492. In 1928 the American League had 483: 1929, 596: 1930, 673: 1931, 576. The Nations League totals 2,748 for the four years, while the American League totals 2,328. Q. Where was the rotary system of traffic regulation first tried?>—A. C. C A. It was suggested first for Colum- bus Circle, New York, in 1902 and put in effect in 1905. In 1907 it was put in at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and in 1927 at the Rond Point, although it had been suggested in that place in 1912. In London the first example ‘of rotary traffic was put in by Sir Henry Maybury at Piccadilly Circus, and is i now in effect in many places in Lon- don and is being generally copied throughout Europe, and is now in oper- tion in many places in this country. Q. How many countries now have Presidents?>—W. F. A. There are now 38 countries with governments headed by Presidents. . Is the birth rate in the large cities of the world increasing or declin- | ing?—L. B. A._The Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. has made a survey in 42 of the world’s large cities and reports that in only 2 Glasgow and Rio de Janeiro, had there been any increase in 1931, | compared with 1930. In 24 of these cities the birth rute declined at least 5 per cent. In Boston the decline was 2: per cent and in Detroit 17 per ces Q. Who was it that said that it was the moron who whistles’—S. C. H. A. The statement that whistling is | the mark of a moron was made by Dr. Charles Gray Shaw of New York Uni- jersity in an interview in September, { Q Why do so many radio | begin with the letter W?—M. S. stations | “A. cCall letters of radio stations have | count in the business of being human, | DO significance except that the letters jassigned to the United States are all | three and four letter combinations be- ginning with the letter N and with the tter W and all combinations from | KDA to KZZ, inclusive. Was Victorian Sardou interested ualism?—A. T. | A The famous dramatist was an ardent spiritualist. Q. Where is present?—C. H. | A During the month of June it | rises in the southeast sky in the con- | stellation Capricornus late every eve- ning. Saturn in the sky at A. | Q. Do people buy most of their gasoline from filling stations>—M. B. S. . The Bureau of the Census savs that there are more than 318.000 re- tailers of gasoline in the United States, of which 122524, or only 385 per cent, are filling stations: 62.486. or about 20 Der cent, are garages: 43892, or 14 per cent, are car dealers, and the remain- der ‘are retail stores of various kinds | which operate gasoline pumps in addi- tion to their principal business. | Q. What kind of clothes did George Washington wear when he went hunt- | ing™—P. G | A, His costume consisted of a blue ;Concern for 1 ] Ask any question of fact | In 1928 | ., scarlet walstcoat, buckskin breeches, top boots, velvet cap and whip with a long thong. | | Q. Which county is the smallest in | the United States’—W. H. A. New York County, N. Y. is the smallest in the United States and has | an area of only 22 square miles. Its tion 1930 totaled 1,867,312, | The county’ seat is New York City. | New York City is incorporated in more | coat, than one county. | _Q In the name of the new Shakes- re Memorial Library does T ave the soft g or hard g?—J. ]!‘bln A. Tt has theiyoll. or § sound. e. ermt was the Mad Parliament? A. A session of the British Parlia- ment held at Oxford in 1258, in the course of which Simon de Montfort began the attack on the rule of Henry |III which resulted in broadening of the rights of barons and commons and the weakening of the royal despotism. Q. What became of the Bon Homme Richard, the ship John Paul Jones comm}:ndm in the Revolutionary War? A. It was sunk in the fight with the Serapis. Capt. Jones transferred his crew to the captured Serapis. The other ships commanded by Admiral John Paul Jones during the war wer the Alliance, Alfred, Aiiel, Providence and Ranger. Q. What caused the death of Em- perEHnbeth of Austria Hungary? A A two-edged tween the ribs and hemorrhage. Q. Who bought a manuseript of Eugene Fleld's for a large sum during the World War?—L. D. M. A. The manuscript of “Little Boy Blue.” perhaps Eugene Field’s most popular poem, was bought at a war bazaar by John McCormack for $2,400. Q. On what kind of cloth is the Constitution of the United States written”—J. G. A. It is not written on cloth engrossed on parchment, ~ver pierced be- 4 an internal It is Q. Who was the first director of national prohibition’—0O. B The Bureau of Prohibition says that the director of national prohibi«- tion is the head of the Bureau of Pro- hibition of the Department of Juctice This office was originated in 1931 and is filled by Col. Amos W. Woodcock, who is the present director. Q. When is the Great Smoky Moun- Inm:ENa‘&lonzl Park open to tourists? A A. Unlike most of the Western parks, this great park in esstern Tennessee and western North Carolina is open the year around. There are excellent, roads to and through the park. which LOW has an extent of 297.009 acres. and which includes some of the most beau- tiful scenery in the world. Q. Are all cam dromedaries?—J. G A. There are two types of camels— the one-humped or Arabian, and the tw umped or Bactrian e former is sometimes also called the drome- dary. As correctly used. the word drom- edary applies cnly to the one-humped | veriety. ‘The number of humps is the most outstanding difference between these two types, but in addition the Bactrian camel is more heavily set shorter, and has much longer hair of a darker color than the Arabian variety. Q. What is the oldest pr:um!z i:l!ll in existence? t is believed to be the Kompon- Darani. a Buddhist prayer Dngl‘:d from wooden fype. in 756 A. D.. in an «edition of 1.000.000 copies. bv order of the Japanese Fmpress Kokes It is o%ned by the Art Institute of Chicagn, els_properly called G example of S. B. nvestments In Chile Aroused by Changes Chile, with final control by Carlos Da- vila, political figure known to Ameri- cans. have been followed with keen in- terest by this country because of the possible effect on investments. An- nounced purpose to eliminate radical Communists, while creating & Socialist administration under military control, arouses much speculation. “Possibly Chile is not in favor of thoroughgoing _ Socialism.” says the Philadelphia Inquirer. pointing out that “no government has yet tried such an experiment save the Russian Soviet, and that is now showing signs of ‘capi- talistic’ tendencies.” The San An- tonio Express observes that “none ex- pects a return to the oligarchical sys- tem which prevailed from Colonial times until comparatively recent years, Tegardless of factional political strug- gles,” and records that “South America generally is watching developments in Chile, which long was a conservative stronghold, practically free from revo- lutionary movements.” “While frankly Socialistic in its aims,” states the Indianapolis News, “the junta that carried out a success- ful coup did not reject an orderly ap- proach toward fulfillment. This mod- eration reflected, from all signs, the in- fluence of Davila, who, when Ambassa- dor to the United States, was not re- garded as an extremist, although sym- pathetic concerning some revision of prevailing economic _doctrines, espe- cially in his native land. * * * The comment of the press in surrounding republics is that a fundamental change is under way. certainly as to labor and taxation policies.” EEE Y Recalling the history of President Tbanez, who “was forced to resign after serious rioting in Santiago,” and was succeeded by Montero, elected President in accordance with the Constitution, the Boise Idaho Statesman comments: defeated Arturo Allesandri, a former President, who had the support of the Socialist, Democratic, Communist and other left-wing warties. election campaign there were disorders, and another revolution inspired by the left-wing groups was averted only aft- er considerable bloodshed. It seems safe to predict that the government estab- shed by the most recent revolution will have rough sailing, for it is unlike- ly that the unrest can be curbed until there is a sharp turn for the better in economic conditions.” Considering the temporary setback for Davila, which has now been re- versed, the Rochester Times-Union emphasizes the point that “immediate interest centers in the way the new government plans to deal with the large American holdings in copper mines and the nitrate combine.” The Buffalo Evening News states that Da- vila met oppggition because he was “too much inc;in ignwlp::m:s property, es- fally fore nterests.” fi:t (}J'hlle is the last of the three great South American countries “to re- by the Louisville Courier-Journal, with the comment as to prospects for the future: “The new regime is the old regime back in power, but in consid- erably different guise. Instead of a military junta, 8 form of Fascism, it | a5 a Soclalist government, poses though how Socialism will help Chile in its present straits, when the worst sufferers from the depression—Ger- many, Austria, Australia and New Zea- land—were Socialistic countries, is dif- | ficult to fathom.” “The constructive work of synthetic | nitrate development,” according to the Toledo Blade, “has been destructive of the greatest industry in Chile's rainless. | arid region. Along with the govern- ment’s financlal problems comes that of unemployment in the mitrate beds and copper mines. The new United States copper Y Rapid changes in the government of ' “It is significant that Montero barely | During the | The fact | gain its political stability” is asserted | troubles. It is not surprising that dis- satisfaction prevails in Chile. but no miracle man is available to straighten things out in a minute.” * ok ok x “The whole episode.” of the Atlanta Journal, ordinary and Ceni in the opinion “is out of the (un Anr revolutions in South ral America. There is more behind it than a perfunctory and periodic impulse to change govern mental personnel. Chile has felt t depression. just as other nations have felt it. and ‘curning radicals were alive to the opportunity to take possession of power and impose their notions of government upon the country. This burpose was not any too plain at the outset. Possibly the majority of Chile's citizens thought they were undergoing merely a coup d'etat without especial significance. But, once they had seized the reins, the radical leaders quickly disclosed their intentions.” It is & most significant political event in the New World," savs the Salt Lake Deseret News. “as it may mean the spread of the Socialist plan to other Latin American countries, in- | cluding Mexico. The field is ripe for such change, as the masses in all these countries have been downtrodden, wealth and power being held by a very small proportion of the people. gen- erally the Spanish families—practically all of whom have mixed with native blood, but who retain the position of Superiority which their _conquistador ancestors established. So“far the coup has been successful. American and other foreign interests in Chilean cop- per and nitrate are much concerned with what has taken place.” “The world will watch closely the resuits of this adventure into State Socialism by a peoble with a tempera- ment and a religious outlook different from those of Russia and having anoth- er kind of historic background and less class hatred,” thinks the Toronto Daily Star, while the Fort Worth Star-Tele- gram holds that it requires the phleg- matic natures of the Teutons and the Slavs to live by the rule of conduct that characterizes Socialism.” The Spokane Spokesman-Review advises: “It will be important to watch Chile. to discover to what extent the revolu- tion there was plotted and aided by Moscow.” D Air Corps Needed. From the Dayton Daily News. Cartoonists used to enjoy drawing humorous pictures prophetic of the air age, with cops directing traffic from captive balloons. It hasn't come to that, but the aerial policeman made his appearance long ago, and an inci- | dent at New York the other day dem- onstrated one way in which he may be of service. Roger Woife Kahn, son of the metropolitan financier, was ob- served fiying his plane lower than 500 feet, the altitude prescribed by the Department of Commerce. A member of the air police force followed, signaled him to land and administered a repri- mand. Kahn had been flying over water and uninhabited argps and did not realize he was breaking the law; but pilots sometimes intentionally have flown low over cities with, in the event of emer- gency, disastrous results not only to themselves, but persons and property | below. I the everyday use of the air- plane, which enthusiasts anticipate, eventually is realized, the high flying rule will be very important. Until the advent of the roof-top landing field, there is slight excuse for planes fiying over cities at all. Aire ports, as a rule, are some distance res | moved. The dangers of the practice make some supervision by air police.« Jessential. They will have a real task [on their hands, too, if that dispsteh | which tells that gangsters are learning o fly sizuifies alr raids by e dnders worlds