Evening Star Newspaper, December 6, 1931, Page 40

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHI NGTON, D. C, DECEMBER 6, 1931—PART TWO. Sudden Tom Campbell - (Continued From First Page) e — $ ke money. He got into political $18 almost by accident. At the Jocal anl convenfion something irri- Lefed him. He rcee and made a speech 80 ‘full of common sensé infused with +fire that the boys insisted on nominating fhim—and electing him— to the Terri- ftorial Legislature. He served out his ft#rm and retired with the feeling that was done with politics % But after his expanding business led iHim to Phoenix, the capital he grew L iterested in faxation fs introduces paradox. Here is Tom Campbell. 6 3 3 in height, with shculders like a Ebm ball guard; keen, gray, out-of-doors Eéyes and aggressive aquiline nose: the £1Bt of the born-and-bred cattleman still Efh his walk. His conversation has all fthe old tang of the West. It s not fanly wisely humorous, it is also witty FIdke & good fictioniet, he sees life in the sferm of stories £ Yet behind that the substratum @t cold, hard talent for facts which has fmade him an expert and a connoisseur Sl both taxes and fariffe. And again & impatience led him to expl~de in a Re- fpublican convention. His party in iMaricopa County, where Phoenix is f&ituated, was still going on the mo- Smentum of the Civil War—wa “bBloody shirt, decorating the gri Qettysburg, pointing with pride to Lin- eoln. At the county convention Camp- “bell rose and expreseed all this ; Sponsors Tax Reforms. 7. “Forget the past.” he said. “Unsound tlaws and methods of taxation—that's the trouble with this country. I have s platform for you-the shortest ever Eyritten for a party. Just this: ‘Equal f taxatiom: honesty and efficiency in pub- Slie office i !l The progra “Hcans won n carried You've drawr @t to shoot,” said the boys, and they Sihsisted on appointing him county Sassessor. By the time of the next State £ election he had done 55> much to reform faxation in Arizona that he had, willy- y, to run for State tax commissioner. won—the only Republican in a Democratic administration. One morning he awoke tax commis- £ #@loner, with no thought except to finish Out his term and get back to mining and the ranch. Before his breakfast A digested he was a candidate for Foverner State business had taken him to Bis- Fbee. The hotel where he stayed served no meals. But a friend of his ran 8| ¥ Testaurant 'round the corner. He strolled +aver to breakfast and, as chance would have it, entered by the back way As SBe left by the front door, a total stranger asked him brusquely and pro- fanely what he meant by eating in a 2g@cab joint. The cooks and waiters of the “outlaw” I W. W. unions were at this moment on strike all over the West, and this restaurant was being * picketed. Clashes With 1. W. W. ! Tom Campbell alleged in rebuttal | Sthat he'd eat where he well pleased. | % History does not record who struck the “first blow. But 5 minutes later Tom Campbell, his face and attire slightly | idamaged, walked away nursing his knuckles. The pickets were receiving | first aid. Before he got to the hotel | the had reached a determination. The "I W. W. of Arizona, he felt, was grow- } ing into s menace. He believed that “Gov. Hunt's policles were encouraging “them. Therefore, he was going to run “for Governor on an anti-I. W. W. plat- «form. | Heaven knows that any political | _campaign in Arizona has more than | enough vigor, p and recrimination. Add the I. W. W. and you have three | months of continuous fireworks. When | the last bomb exploded Campbell | seemed to be elected Governor over | Hunt by a margin of only 30 votes. | Hunt prepared to fight. He filed a contest in every county and announced Zhe would hold the fort. Also a Hunt llower applied for an injunction on e ground that Campbell had not yet resigned as State tax oomm!;&r}:{r On zinauguration day t ifimu such funct! mg‘u the SHve stock inspectors, who ng' how to “ghoot, and a company of State Militia and announced that he wounld stay | ‘where he was. | . Up to the doors of the Capitol marched Campbell and a band of fol- | Jowers. Campbell was unarmed, but | the rest of t had_forgotten to | check their guns at the hotel. The | sheriff, a Campbell follower, let them in. They proceeded to a balcony from which Campbell read his inaugural ad- dress to 2,000 people in whom curi- osity had overcome apprehension. Then, ' through a surcharged atmosphere, Campbell and henchmen marched into | the Governor's suite, registered a for- mal demand for the office and marched | away with hundreds of hostile guns at their backs. One loose trigger, even one loose tongue, would have unloosed slaughter. . . . Perhaps the outcome is | tribute to the coolness of both Hunt and Campbell Campbell Keeps Office. This was late in 1916, when events were hurrying us to war. In Janusry. 1917, the ‘courts denied the injunction and decided that Campbell should hold | the office pending a court decision on | the recount. This time he went in peaceably. In the Spring a county de- cision pronounced him victor by 68 votes. Hunt appealed to the State Su- preme Court, which began the tedious process of hearing arguments on every batch of ballots. In December, 1917, it reversed the decision and declared Hu elected by 43 votes. Campbell hande over the office as a Christmas present This brief term is mainly remem- bered for the 1. W. W. deportations from Bisbee—an act of extra-legal force for which Campbell was not respon- sible. But his own most vivid memory of that first term centers round an- | other episode—only a little less vital in State history—the Daley affair. Jim Daley was & habttual eriminal | but lately released from the New Mexico the Repub- now you've round | Pemitentiary. Hitch-hiking to Cal- | fornia, he fell in with a married couple | who gave him a ride in their car and liked his company so much that they invited him to camp with them. In the night he murdered the husband for | his money and car and atwacked the wife Next morning he loaded the body into the back seat, covered it with lug- gage and forced the woman, at the point of a gun, to ride with him on the front seat while he drove westward. Two or three miles out of a town he| ran short of gas. Threatening the woman with death if she ‘squawked,” he went on foot for a supply. Doomed by Remark. { As goon as he was out of sight she hailed a passing car, and when Daley returned he ran into a trap. Locked up in the peniténtiary at Phoenix, he sealed his doom by one defiant re- mark. Arizona had just abolished the death penalty by referendum. “They cant hang me here” he sald: “the worst they carn give me is life in the stir. And I'm used to jails that I'll feel at home.” Through We indignant State ran that sentcage. “They can't hang me here Ariona had not been disgraced by a lynching in many, many vears But the lynching spirit began to stir. Sensing this, Gov. Campbell ordered Daley taken secretly to the strong fail at Florence. That night the voice of an anonymous woman reached him on the telephone. Significantly. she knew that Daley was going to Florence. “And of men is going to stop him on way and lynch him!" she said Campbell called up the jail at Flor- ence. The prisoner had not arrived He ordered out his car, was driven post-haste down the main road. At Florence he found that the deputies with the prisoner were still overdue, He started back to Phoenix by another route. At dawn the car topped a rise—and Gov. Campbell wilted inside. The ghostly vision which had disturbed his rest all his life had become reality again. Daley, the only thing in that desert landscape which had ever been human, was hanging from a telegraph Role. . Plot Be: Governor, Even certain minor State officials who surrounded Campbell were prob- ably in this plot—watching and tipping off the Governor's movements. He learned afterward that before the nob proceeded to business they made a bar- ricade of cars a mile on each side of the scene of action, o as to delay him in case he outwitted them and came along before the job was done Free of reproach as Arizona had stood in the matter of lynching, it ap- proved this one—overwhelmingly. And when the Legislature met again it re- stored capital punishment “Better that than necktie parties,” said the members Campbell came back as Governor in 1918; this time he handily beat a pro- tege of Hunt. He held office for two terms, until Hunt regained that hold on the State which he has kept ever since. During this perfod 10 men went to the gallows in Arizona. “It's the law,” he said. “The people have spoken, emphatically. e Governor must enforce it.” But when the peculiar probation laws of Arizona permitted, he gave the accused every benefit of the doubt. Conditions Peculiar, And that stratum of hard realism under his dynamic, attractive exterior has kept him from rationalizing his emotions and his desires concerning this matter of legal killing. To this day he jen't quite certain in his mind about the necessity and advisability of capital punishment—at least for Arizona. “Conditions are peculiar in our State,” he says, “We're on a main tour- ist route into Southern alifornia. We're infested by hitch-hikers and des- ert rats, some of whom are always criminals. By the time they've beaten “lhr‘ir way 1o Artzona they're getting | hungry and desperate. B0 now and then they’ll pick up a ride in the back séat, murder the driver, take his be- longings and the car. More than half of our murders are of this type. I know. how the State feels about that. It's & choice between legal hanging and lynching. Legal hanging is my own thin choice there. “It would seem from figures that capital punishment has served as a deterrent in Arizona. But there sgain —one sparsely populated Western State with peculiar social and physical con- ditions _shouldn't serve as a general rule. So I'm back where I started Only one thing I do know; I loathe it emotionally. It isn't a case of killing in a fair, man-sized fight. It's cold- blooded, horrible, somehow degrading.” This is the interesting side of Tom Campbell—or rather. a very thin slice of it. As for the important side since he left the Governor's chair, it began with a delicate mission to Mexico, In 1923 we were on the verge of war with the Obregon overnment. Campbell spoke Spanish as.a second language, had dealt all his life with Spanish- Americans, was a personal friend of Obregon. President Harding appointed him, together with John Barton Payne 2nd others, on a commission to adjust our differences. When they returned, they had laid the foundation for the structure of peace which Dwight Mor- row capped a few years later. Hoover, when he became President, called Tom Campbell to the office of Federal Civil Service Commissioner. Since then he has inhabited Washing- ton except for brief, reviving flights to the land of little rain and much glory. By day he sits in his office over Seventeenth street putting into action the common sense and skill with facts which made him the author of the fa- mous Campbell taxation plan in Ari- zona; and nights and week ends— whenever he cares to give himself—he figures as the wise and witty enter- tainer of Washington official life, for he still has the two sides, so harmoni- ously in contrast! What the Progressives Want Continued From First Page.) | quately. I believe that the Progressives in Congress will stand for any appropri- ation, however large, that is necessary to relleve want, privation and misery | among the millions of unemployed this Winter. Would Tax Those Able to Pay. ‘This raises immediately the question, What of the national deficit, estimated | by pdministration sources at $2,000,- 000,000 for the next year? The answer of Progressives is that the burden of increased taxation nec- hould be borne by those who are abic to pay. It is proposed by politicians of the old school to put & sales tax on everything the people eat on everything they wear, on cheap amuSements, on every &nd to lower the income tax exemptions 1o “gatch” the man or woman of mod- eratd income. This is the same policy that in days of seeming prosperity an millions and billions back to | corporations and wealthy individ- nals by tax refunds and reduced rates. “Rich Get Richer.” ‘The unwisdom of the policy of tax- ing those least able to bear it s finally apparent to at least one usually con- servative and influential member of the House Ways and Mesns Committee, Representative Bacharach. He has said recently “A study of available facts shows that at least some individuals are fully able to pay higher taxes. In fact, there is considerable support for the statement that ‘the rich are getting richer and the Poor Are getting poorer.’ “During five su years the number of steadily decreased, giving an indication of the unsatisfactory distribution of profits among the individuals of the coun ive prosperous necessity of life— | ur taxpayers has | “In 1925 the income taxpayers with " | net incomes of more than $100,000 re- |ceived 21 per cent of the total invest- | ment income. In 1929 they received 33 per cent “During the years 1925 to 1929, 14,700 individuals with net incomes in excess of $100,000 per annum increased their | investment income and probably their capital by more than 50 per cent; the other classes lost ground.” Assails “Extortionate” Tariff. If, 35 the President has said, we are facing .an emergency second only to war, then we should not hesitate to im- pose taxes accordingly. The Progres- sives in Congress will support increased taxes on large incomes: on huge inheri- tances, on gifts in contemplation of death made with intent to avold tax- | ation of property devised by will. They will not support, and they will oppose, & sales tax upon the necessities of life. Already there is an “invisible,” but extortionate tax on many of the neces- | slties and convenlences of life, in the form of an indefensibly high tariff. | Progressives strongly opposed the pas- | sage of the Smoot-Hawley tariff. It was handed to the country with the | assurancé that it would “protect the | American working man” and increase or maintain prosperity. ‘The results we all know. Our foreign trade has decreased billions of dollars. Other nations in self-defense have set up tariffs that bar our goods and in- crease unemployment in the United States. Wages, instead of being main- tained or increased in this country, as promised by the proponents of the pres- ent tariff law, have been reduced by the very industries most highly “protected” by unwarranted rates. Recalls 40 Per Cent Steel Dividends. We have, for instance, the highly pro- tected steel industry, more than two- thirds closed down at the present time, | with wages reduced 10 per cent or more. n | i | | | i | | | income went down $2 for every $1 that 1 The leading company in that industry id & 40 per cent stock dividend in 927. Who profited by tariff protection, workers or multi-millionaire owners? Another steel company paltd its corpora- tion officers $25000,000 in bonuses be- tween 1918 and 1930. Its president's emoluments averaged $326,000 a year. Progresstves propose reduction of ex- cessive tariff rates, elimination of de- vious provisions of the law that impose unjust financial burdens on our people for the private profit of a small group of industrial owners. The excessive tariff bears heavily on our farming population, who must buy “protected” products of industry while selling their own producis of the soil below the actual cost of production. We shall not have a lasting and solidly founded prosperity in this country untfl the economic scales are balanced be- tween industry and agriculture. A few figures will epitomize what has happened to the farmers under conser- vative political rule. In the dozen years from 1919 to 1931 the vaiue of farms and their egulument shrank from 78 to 58 billion dollars—a loss of 20 thou- tands of millians to those who till the sofl and to their famillas. During the same time farm mortgages increased from 3 billions to 12 billions. Scores of thouands of farms were taken by fore- closure proceedings from men and women who had grown old and gray- haired during the years they had profit- lessly cultivated the sofl that there might be foo1 for our greal population and scores of millions in other lands. In 10 years nearly 4,500,000 men, women and children were practically forced from the farms of the Nation by €economic pressure. Farm bankruptcies increased nearly 500 per cent. By ma- nipulation of the Federal Reserve bank- ing system, billions of dollars were drawn from country and small city banks and turned over to Wall Street stockbrokers for speculative purposes. Gamblers in grain and other farm products on the commodity exchanges | knew no limit of bank ecredit in their operations by which hundreds of mil- lions of bushels of purely imaginary | grain which they had never seen and never bought were “sold short"—forcing the prices for the farmers’ actual grain | down to the lowest point in history, and | 80 far below the cost of production that wheat was fed to hogs instead of hu- mans or used for fuel! While farm prices went down 45 per cent or more in three years, the price of the manu- factured products farmers needed, high- 1y “protected” by the outrageous tariff, declined only 21 per cent. The farmers’ the manufacturers’ income decreased. Would Abolish Short Selling. The President has condemned the gambling on grain exchanges that dis- astrously affects the prices of farm products. Progressives propose rigid lIimitation or abolishment of short seil- ing of farm products—gambling in the necessities of life for the benefit of speculators. Progressives propose aiso that restric- tions shall be placed upon the Federal Reserve banking system, so that the available funds and credit of the coun- try shall not again be withdrawn from the use of farmers and small business men for a wild and prolonged orgy of stock gambling. The Progressives believe that since agriculture is the true basic industry of America, agriculture is entitled to greater consideration at the hands of government than it has been enjoying. Because agricultural needs have been so generally ignored, the present economic difficulty was inevitable. For many years | the equities and surpluses of farms have been slowly whittled away, until today the farmer is without buying power Thirty million live on the farms. Thirty million more live in towns and cities directly dependent on farming. That constitutes one-half of our total popu- lation. With the buying power of this Ealf destroyed, how could we have other than an economic breakdown and great armies of unemployed? To restore farm buying power is a main purpose of the Progressives. Seek to Carb Injunetions. Progressives propose that industry. which floated new securities amounting to $50,658,000,000 from 1921 to 1929, ¢hall create, out of profits from the toil of men and women, reserves to protect labor against unemployment-—or shall | reduce the working day and increase wages so that labor may have its just share of increaged efficiency and pro- vide for old age and the proverbial rainy day. Progressives will again attempt to secure operation ot the Muscle Bhoals ower and fertilizer plants, represent- ng an investment of more than $125, 000,000 of the prople’s money, for the people's_benefit, through reduced elec- tric rates and fertilizer prices. Pro-| gressives will maintain the fight to| save the waterpower resources of the‘ Nation for the people to whom they | belong, for those who control water| power in the future will control pro- duction and wealth and labor. Progressives will strive again for the enactment of a law protecting labor and labor organizations against judicial | tyranny through the mieuse of in- junctions. In the Federal and Btuu‘ courts injunctions have been issued | against miners and others on strike v\gfl{'h had the .ffect of taking the| roofs from above their heads, turning their familles out into the cold, ‘de- nying them the 1ight to meet in their own halls, denying them even the privi- lege of gathering in a church to slns hymns! ~Yet they were not protected | by the same courts against the machine guns and pistols in the hands of hired thugs sent from city slums to break their strikes for a living wage. Oppose Anti-Trust Law Revision. Progressives will oppose any revision of the anti-trust laws—as suggested by industrial leaders and old-line political leaders—that would more surely fasten the hold of monopoly on business. The Government nas been far too tender | with monopolles: its anti-trust proee- cutions have dwindled to a point afford- ing little or no real protection to the people. The Government which will not compromise with a gangster en- gaged in the liquor traffic is all too ready to compromise with a billion- dollar corporation almost cg-nly en- gaged in stifiing competition by unlaw- ful and ruthless means for the enrich- ment of those at its head, Progressives will ose consolidations which will not protect the interests of the hundreds of thou- sands of men engaged in transportation work—who are now asked by bankers to accept a wage recuction so dividends may be maintained on inflated se- curities. New House Rules Sought. Progressives i1, the House of Repre- sentatives will fight for new rules of procedure that will permit reasonable debate and the consideration of pro- gressive legislation now pocketed or pluconno]e? by reactionary, self-ap- pointed leaders. Progressives in Sen- ate and House wiil fight for direct nom- ination and eiection of the President of the United Glates by the people. They will also fight for such changes in the corrupt practices act as will reduce the influence which campaign contri- butions afford in the conduct of elec- tions and in the conduct of govern- ment growing out of those elections. These measur=s are but a part of a progressive program. They are but part of what is necessary for economic Justice. The heart and soul of the progressive movement is the spirit and determination chat there shall be again in this land a government of the people, by the people and for the people. ——— railroad Crocodile Spoils Fun Of Golfers in Africa JOHANNESBURG, South Africa.—A crocodile’s jaws are generally consider- ed an unplayable lle by the golfers of Nelspruit, South Africa. On the right of the first fairway, conveniently placed for a slice, is & canal and neither threats nor bribes will induce the na- tive caddies to retrleve balls that are driven into it. Nor can any reasonable q | woral crists somewhat analogous | of & nation endowed with D s s | Vejous intellectual qualities, but _com- letely lacking ‘n political experience: ow could he conrent to be in power reality the old royalist Prance was dead | and surrounded by men of ability who even before the Paris populace stormed | Would smile at his rhetorical utter- rSon blame them, for the canal is ully stocked with crocodiles. Recently a crocodile nearly 18 feet long was shot on its banks and four others were seen the same day. ) Germany’s Fascist Leader ADOLPH HITLER. Stirring Social Changes Imminent In Germany as Hitler Party Gains (Continued Prom First Page.) 1 R S e RS L uence which to the ope which took place in France during the reign of Louls XVI In|f, the Bastille on the fourteenth of July, |#nces and his quack remedies? 1789. What may bring consequences There lies the danger which took place in Prance during the | revolution is the delusion one detects among governmental people and even' in highly_intellectual economic circles, | personalities like Bruening. Ttaly has taught nothing to the Ger-| work of Europcan reconstruction. man leaders. The same delusion was solini and his followers—mot only by political nonentities such as Facta, who‘ was prime minister when Mussolini | under the repubiican regime. old Giolittd. told them so—that only men of some of political experience. evident intellactual force and technieal who have only tne dangerous gift of flery Ennular eloquence know too well | that they would soon be found out un- less they create a general atmosphere of miraculous credulity around them. taught us save a people. A ROCK IN A WEARY BY BRUCE BARTON. 7/ HEN I was 15 years old my father took me into his study and gave ' me a talk about life insurance. He was a preacher, with a large family and a small salary. remiums has kept me poor, and often in debt,” he said, “but I am well rewarded hIL can lie down and sleep soundly at night.” g In order to bring the lesgon hum}!'. he applied for $3,000 of life insurance on the 20-payment plan for me, saying that he would carry it until I had graduated B’om college and I could go on with it from there. . Twenty years scemed longer at that time than a hundred years seem now. I wondered if I would ever live to the ripe old age of 35, when the policies would be paid in full. Well, T have lived that long, and these policies, and some others, are all paid up. Father himself lived long, and, having educated his children and seen them all started, he cashed in his insurance and was comfortable in his old age. . Remembering this lesson, I Nave signed my checks for pre- miums very cheerfully, but never with so much satisfaction as dur- ing the past two years. In a Eerlod when almost everything one owns is tumbling it is great to know that one investment, at least, is just as good as it promised to be. Nothing has happened to any of the big insur- ance companies, and notfiln will, 1 was reminded of this gha other day when I attended a con- :a;n_mn of insurance salesmen. They were full of human interest ries. 8aid one: for an applica “Paying my “A business man walked into my office and asked tlon blank. He said that two years ago he was worth $200,000, and thought that he and his family were safe from financial worries forever. Now the $200,000 is less than $50,000. His only hoge of independence is through systematic saving as represegted by payments of life insurance premiums.” Another fold of a man who asked: “I am 35 and have to start all over again. What kind of a policy can you offer me that will insure me a competence at 607" We were all carried off our feet by the new theory of invest- ments in 1929. Bonds sand insurance were out of date. Common stocks were the one sure way to fortune. Now the pendulum has swung back. The old-fashioned ideas are in style again. It is a time when insurance comganlcs ought to double their advertising, and insurance salesmen their efforts. When we were prosperous we sometimes regarded these sales- men a5 a nuisance. Today their wares are “as rivers of water in a dry place; as the shadow of & rock in a weary 1and.” (Copyright, 1981.) Hitler has discovered the kind of elo- zm!elh to 80 per cent some mar- That Hitler for Germany almost as tragic as those | will become the master if chance al- lows him to come into power; and that, quickly learning how incapable he is of g:r(mmlng his tremendous task, he will tempted to try the eternal adven- that the Hitler disease may be neutral- | ture which is the penalty of dictators ized by giving him some share in he | and the punishment of the peoples who overnment, while retaining the real|believe in them: war with dangerous leadership in the hands of respectable | 4And Machiavellian alliances—or, if not war, an atmosphere of warlike unrest It is strange that the experience of | Which will make even more difficult the If this does happen some day, the entertained in Italy in regard to Mus- | fault will not rest with the honest | men—from Ebert to Hindenburg and Bruening—who have guided Germany The fault took the power from him, but even by | will rest with the coarse, materialistic, | wise and experienced statesmen like| bombastic periods of the last of the They did not realize— | Hohenzollerns, who took away from the and they called me pessimistic when 1| Germans what history had left them ‘ What happens today in Germaany, what will possibly knowledge may assert themselves in | happen tomorrow, should teach again coalition cabin>t: but that demagogues to all free nations one moral which the sad fate of Russia has already That in spité of its many daily inconveniences, only the exercise | of freedom is able, in the long run, to Movies in Latin Lands | Break Down Good Will (Continued FProm Third Page) American scenario of 1. And s 'are the primitive roads and the one- story houses of historical tradition. Ma- terial progress seems to have been banned from the Southern countries. In the average moving picture ex- hibited here which purports to depict present-day scenes in a Latin Ameri- can nation, tourists have to travel in | old-fashioned “diligences,” live in un- comfortable “pensiones,” where they are | subjected fo the bad temper and | capricious sense of humor of the legend- ary Latin bandit, and throughout an endless series of uncomfortable situa- tions and adventures which may pos- sibly add to the dramatic value of the film, but give a very poor and unfair picture of real living conditions in a modern Southern country. The Latin America of the film di- rector is still in the 60s or the 80s. Unfair as it is, such misrepresenta- tion of the material side of Latin lite is not hall eo injurious as the dis- torted charhcterizations in these fims | of Latin temperament and psychology. Slave of Basest Passions. Usually the Latin American person- age in an American-made film is the “bad man" of the picture. To him be- long the comic moustaches and tricky ways of the “villaln” He is always on the wrong side, plans the lowest of schemes and is the slave of the basest passions. He laughs at morals and sneers sarcastically at good deeds. One thing is left to his credit; he is always a good lover, but good in the aense | that he places love before everything | e¢lse. The Spanish or Latin American | “villain” of the moving pictures seems jto have no other interests in life than women, liquor, cards and idleness, or other skill than shooting straight and running fast. Naturally, this evil-minded, wicked human being is most invariably | beaten, humiliated and even spanked | by the American “hero” before the pic- | ture is over. One or two American tourists knock a dozen or more natives down with a touch of their fingertips; another couple of loyal American citizens stampede a whole regiment of frightened native policemen. Uncle Sam's nephew has the best of it all the time. Break Down Ciood Will. It is not diffcult to understand the ill effects of such an exhibition of un- fairness and ridicule of a race which occuples today the most promising region of the earth. It is but natural that it should arouse resentment among the Latin Americans. A single one of these films can spoil the laborious and intelligent achievements of many am- bassadors of good will sent across the Rio Grande. Last year an official voice was for the first time raised in this matter. The Cuban charge d'affaires made representations to the State Department asking Government officials to take the necessary steps to have all references to Cuba stricken from the film “Her Man," exhibiting at one of the local theaters, and purporting to be a dra- matic pisture of the Cuban capitals underwo: ld. He charged that no such underwo'ld as that depicted in the film exuted in Havana. That the squalid buildings shown for atmosphere were ‘fakes destined to mislead the American public.” And that the pic- ture “ridiculed Havana police in the | and brawls.” Film Head Apologizes. These formal charges—supported by tife report of the American trade com- missioner in Havana, who sdded that “the picture it presents of one Ameri- can sallor cowing whole groups of Cubans, of American gamgmen and brothel keepers defying Cuban law and Cuban police is simply a confirma- tion of the ever-present Latin suspicion that we are a Nation of braggarts and bullies’—merited a most diplomatic i reply from the head of the Pathe In- ternational Corporation, offering all kinds of apologies and promising the Cuban charge d'affaires that “in the future Cuba will be shown only in a most favorable light to the rest of the world.” I do not know to what extent the officers of the Paramount Corporation | may be responsible for the films which, after the release of “Her Man,” have continued the misrepresentation, not merely of Cuban, but of Latin Ameri- can life and people in general. The talkies mentioned at the beginning of this artiele are only the latest instances. “Women of All Nations” “Once a Sinner,” “The Cisco Kid,” and & num- ber of others could be added to the list. Situation Is Unchanged. | In spite of the promises made by the | movie producers, the situation remains | the same, If Tybhlng. it is worse, because a formal representation by a foreign embassy has been forgotten and | the constant protests of Latin Ameri- can newspapers do not seem to reach the eyes of the Hollywood dictators. I| feel, therefore, justified in repeating | here what I said in these columns when commenting upon the action taken by the Cuban charge d’affaires some time 2g0. ‘Aside from the moral as of the problem, it is not only in the interest of better relations between the Latin and Saxon American peoples that some- thing must be done about this. 1t is also in the interest of the American film industry and of its own profes- | slonal prestige that the ignorance and | misrepresentations of things Latin American which have been shown here- | tofore ought to be stopped. Bring Feeling of Injustice, To_the spectator who has been in the Latin countries and has had an| opportunity to know the Latins and | their modes of living this capricious distortion and the haphazard mixing of | Latin American characters with old- time colonial settings, with traditions exclusively Spanish, or characteristic | of other foreign elements—Italian, French, etc.—leaves not only a feeling that an injustice has been done, but |8also a very poor idea of the cultural | status of whoever directed the film or | collaborated in its production. I cannot help but smile every time I see a supposedly “Mexican plantation owner flctured in the most classic attlre of a Spanish toreador. Or a Central ~American general in the | poncho” and boots characteristic of an érlentlng‘ gaucho, Or a beautiful senorita” dancing the typical Argen- tine tango with Spanish castanets and & huge, gay Mexican sombrero! Diplomat Leaves Theater. I happened to be with an Argentin diplomat one day when Rod u'fimu: L ,‘lelhlcklé o nish d two dirty windows. That an American millionaire (Rod La Roque was per- sonifying one) could not have found a ! better place than that in which to live | Ln Buenos Afres, the largest capital in atin America, with two million and a half of inhabitants and a city which for its material development and European standards of ving is the pride of 8 anish-speaking people, ap- Fepoous "3 i crpcuicu, but ou triend jett the theater, Asentine. My ¥as not with a Brasilian when I heard Victor McLaglen, playing the role ?f an American saflor coming back hm:x South America, protesting that he ad not been able to find clean water ;n?mgood 80ap in Rio de Janeiro, but e el clined to leave the i Swear Not to Attend Movies. know two Central American bo: who have sworn not to attend n‘r‘xoth:l!‘ movie, because every time a supposedly Mr. Henry Pu, Ex-Emperor (Continued Prom Third Page.) | had been recently carpentered. Soon 1 learned the reason; it had been done that the Son of Heaven might go from courtyard to courtyard on his Ameri- can bicycle. Of this machine he was | very prcud and showed it to me with ) These were hui |all the ingenuous enthusiasm of & emall boy. During this and later in- terviews he was very affable. He talked English, though with a little hesitation. Before I drove home through the vermilion gates an engagement had been made for me to paint the im- perial portrait. I was to put on canvas the likeness of the last Manchu Em. peror! Alas! I had reckoned without the war, which was still pursuing its ruth- less way. Although it appeared re- mote from the fantastic, almost comic- opera gayeties of the foreign colonies of Peking and although within the secluded walls of the Forbidden City its din seemed muted and far away, | the seeming detachment was not real, | as we were to learn with startling abruptness. In October, 1924, Feng Yu-hsiang, “the Christian general,” suddenly got control of the city. He abolished the terms under which Pu-yi had been allowed to abdicate, declared him a private citizen and took sion of the Forbidden City and the a cumulated riches of centuries of Man- chu rule. The Son of Heaven, now “Mr. Henry Pu-yi,” and his wife were bundled out of their home with less than an hour's notice. He left behind most of the robes of his ancestors, most of his jewels, a fortune in jade and other treasure. For a while found it difficult to find a safe harbor, but finally he and the former Empress made their way to Tientsin, where they were recelved and given a place to live in the Japanese concession. There they remained untit recent events in Manchuria forced a second flight and made them once more important though helpless actors on a world stage. Evidences of Character. Pu-yi lef* behind him in Peking many gvidences of his naivete of character. Part of the terms of his abdication, made for him when he was a child, had been a considerable, though it must be confessed rather theoretical, al- lowance from the Republican govern- ment. This allowance he did not al- Ways receive, but nearly always spent. One of his enthusiasms was for foreign clothes, even though most of the time he wore the Chinese. Just before he left for Tientsi he had ordered $3,000 worth of tailored clothes, suits for every conceivable occasion, even a complete Western riding habit. Shortly before this he had decided that he wanted a band of his own, and the band had been assembled piece by plece. When he fled from Peking he is said t» have left behind him debts totaling $1,500,000 Mexican, then $750, 000 in gold. The precipitous departure of the im- perial pair interrupted for a while my Iplnn for making portraits of these last two Manchu rulers. But these plans were revived when two years later I visited Tientsin. “Mr. Henry Pu-yi” and his wife were living there under the protecting wing of the Japanese legation. The former Empress invited six other women and men to dinner. Sitting at the head of the table in her Manchu costume and elaborate head- | dress like a frosted Christmas tree, presentation of various street scenes! with her sparkling black eyes, her cbharming smile and her quaint, youth- more than a child, this little lady seemed to me one of the most fascinat- ing who had ever graced a dinner table. Her English was still halting and shy. | although she understood it better than I at first realized, but in other ways, | particularly her graceful use of heavy ful dignity, for she was still hardly| knives and forks, she had shown s lqmck mastery of Western customs. | Shortly after this dinner the oppor- | tunity for which I had waited arrived It was arranged for their majesties ta come and view a collection of my paint- |ings of members of their families in the home of Mi | and Mrs. Barry Eastham, with whom ) as staying. This visit of a formex | Emperor to the house of a forsigner was revolutionary in the eyes of the Easthams' amah, who had belonged to 'a good Manchu family. What, she asked ( herself in tears, was China comirg to? When the Emperor's motor, however, | with a Japanese secret service man in attendance, stood outside our gates, our own servants thereby gained so much “face” among the other Chinese in_the neighborhood that the amah's sorrow turned to smiles. Their majesties, like two charming and excited children, were greatly in- trigued by the pictures of people they | knew. The Empress seemed so dell- cately beautiful, like a piece of porce- lain, that when mention was made of painting her picture I said, impulsive- ly: “Let me make a sketch of you right now.” She was timid. Nothing. 1 realized, was ever done so quickly in China. But this on-the-minute West- | ern spirit caught the Emperor's inter- est; it was something new and stimu- lating in the placid round of his life. He urged, she finally consented, and when they left he took this first sketch with him, propped up in the front of his automobile. Every day or so for a month after that the Emperor sent his car for me. At their home in the Japanese Con- ceesion I made several portraits of each |of them. The work proceeded with | agreeable slowness, amid much tea | drinking, laughter and comparing cus- toms of our respective countries. | I was struck each day afresh by the childlike attitude of these two toward Iife. The Emperor had an American phonograph on which he played when | he found that I liked the tune “The | Parade of the Wooden Soldiers” His prize possession was a motion If he bothered his | head about politics, world or Chinese, he did not reveal it. bk der often on the incongruity of the ?&"1 that & land where nature and age-old art have made surroundings so peacefully beautiful, and where people seem always smiling, snould be so given to war and confusion. My memories of China are the peace and beauty of the western hills, the timeless charm of temples, the wistaria, honeysuckle, plum, cherry, lavender bloasoms that aj ed as if by maglc, day after day, my studio. And the courtesy and kindness of the people! They forgave me innumerable | transgressions of an etiquette that to | them was tronclad. They were hospi- | table, gay, lovable. What will it mean o my two little friends if the next coup succeeds and they find themselves emblazoned on the world panorama, Emperor and Empress of the Manchus, on a dragon throne in Mukden, with jealousy and responsibil- ity and strife surrounding them? What possib'a impress has their training equipped them to maxe on the turbu- lent_prcblems symbolized today by the word Manchuria? I cannot belleve they in their hearts would welcome such & change. ‘When I left China these two friends of mine sent me rings of jade and a string of anclent coral from their de- pleted collection. I tried to express to them what was in my heart—that no jewel, no porcelain, no brocade or paint- ing that I brought from China is as precious to me as theé memory of the happy hours I t with “M. Pu” and “Mme. Pu,” China's “Little Emperor” and “Little Empress,” probably her last royal rulers. | other | picture camera. {U. 8. Designs Super With Foreign Sh (Continued From Third Page.) or turbo-electric type, but both have such an arrangement of machinery and boiler compartments that the greatest safety will be obtained. It is considered possible for such ships to reach this ing serious damage. Divide Boiler Rooms. To meet this end boiler and engine Tooms will be made in two groups so | that only under particularly unfortu- | nate conditions would all propelling facilities completey break down. forward boiler rogms become flooded both engine rooms fore and aft could | be supplied by the aft bofler room. If both the boiler and engine rooms for- ward were flooded those aft could con- tinue the burden of driving the ship. While the average passenger on a large liner seldom gives thought to the intricacies of boilers or turbines except in 8o far as they may speed or impair his progress, naval engineers are keenly interested in the type of boilers pro- posed for these new ships. Many unique features will make these unseen but vitally important parts of the ship the marvel of marine engineer- ing. What the designers of these new liners hove to do is to put a modern power house ashore, on the waves. Not that they are actually going to move such gigantic affairs, but with 18 boil- | ers each capable of generating 11,000 horsepower it is believed that no mer- chant ship afloat will have a greater | unit output per boiler. Efficient Boilers Needed. In the rigid competition of North | Atlantic traffic it is imperative for any ship to maintain frequent sailings and keep to the swiftest possible schedule. To achieve this end the rated total horsepower of the ship can be obtained | with two bollers always idle. And that | fact will have a most important part in the scheme for a frequent saiMng | schedule, especially during the Summer peak of travel when the ships will make & round trip every two weeks by virtue of & four and a half day crossing each way. What is the most frequent cause of delay in high-speed shipping? The answer is found—not in rough weather or other similar causes, but in the prou]::: nakt o!( cleaning boilers! If one can keep at top speed using eve: available boiler then thcb{:l rlun:i fl.mery must be spent in port. And there with every hour of time comes a gradual shifting of profit figures into the red. With two spare bollers not in use even under the demands of the swiftest passage, much of this necessary clean- | ing can be done at sea and a substan- tial saving effected. The ofl-burning boilers contemplate; will have the highest efficiency an lowest weight of any in the high speed express service. But no preheaters will | be employed. In these days when en- gineers attempt to squeeze every last bit of power from the fuel this fact ap- pears as an innovation. It is in line —_— their French or Italian acoents are mixed, is supposed to add to the comic element of the picture, I should not finish without asking here the same question I asked a year ago, when the Cuban protest first brought to public attention this unfair- ness and ignorance of moving pictures regarding Latin America, question is still the same: ‘Where is the far-sighted film director who is going to produce a Latin Ameri- can movie in which Latin people ap- pear as they really are today, livin beautiful and modern cities, znve’lnl by fast railways, luxurious steamers and airplanes, surrounded by all the Latin American or 8 ." the adventuress, agatnst whom the sympathies of the ‘n‘ud}znu are turned. And when two of them appear in & scene it is because s nolsy squabble, in which face-scratching and material comforts of the twentieth cen- tury, engaged upon the same human and economic problems which ocoupy the attention of the peoplés of other civilized reglons of the world? Where port from midocean even when suffer- | 1f the | liners to Compete ips for Ocean Trade with the effort to keep down weight and attain high speed. With an existing efficiency of about 83 per cent it was found that pre- heaters would increase this by but little over 3 per cent, while at the same time 3,500 square of crew's quarters would be lost and the I:‘y“mber of burn- 40 per cent. made indicate that a greater return on the capital invest- | ment will be obtained by adopting a | simpler and light boiler plant than by having & heavier and more complex plant even though there might be a alxihuy higher thermal efficiency. ike a few of the newer vessels bullt in foreign countries in recent years | these new liners will contain much | high-elastic steel, making for light | weight coupled with increased strength. 'In the United States no such steels have been available in the past because | the size of ships bullt did not require it. Took Year's Research. The consequent absence of American companies capable of building the re- quired steel led to an extensive re- search over a year. Finally after con- sultation with other steel manufac- | turers the Lukens Steel Co. agreed to develop for shipbuilding purposes a nickel steel similar to that used in locomotive boilers. The distinct advan- tage of this steel is that its high elastic properties are attained without the usual heat treatment. It thus becomes possible to heat the steel for welding purposes without losing this important ch_?rlcl?-cr!xllc. 0 further reduce weight, especiall in the higher parts of the ship, rnuc}y'x of the ho above the sun deck xfl:x:n'cné;dew of aluminum alloys This save more than 20 top weight. b Frequent transatlantic voyagers will | be pleased to learn that the annoying vibrations present in many of the best and quickest liners of the existing era will be materially reduced by addi- tional strengthening of all parts. Un- certainty as to definite accomplish- ments and the injection of additional weight and the incidental loss of space led to the refection of any form of mechanical stabilizing device. Experi- euce has shown that where anti-rolling tanks have been installed on other shipe their use has been abandoned. Sea Plane Mail Factor. Since the funds derived from carry- ing the mails form a subssantal part of the revenue of any high-speed liner, 1t becomes necessary to give considera- tion regarding sea plane mail delivery from the ship while at sea. Adequate catapults for launching the planes and cranes for hoisting mail planes aboard will be provided. Taking a lesson learned during the World War, when German armed mer- chantmen terrorized shipping on tne seven seas, consideration g- been glven to the potential use of such superliners durm%eumu of hostilities, Naval treaties tween the United Btates and foreign powers have brought about new and distinct relationships between naval vessels and high-sy :x}\;nhu;:d:hdlp‘&“ ?‘uch treaties it 8 I placement of cl"ustlll;‘u to }mflo tons. st uch a tation on disarmament put & definite, practical limit on cruiser speeds, for it limits the weight of the ship, and after a reasonable allowance is made for protective armor the re- mainder is available for driving mec! anism of limited power. Thus the practical speed of present cruisers, in- cluding the much publicized German 'pocket battleship,” is but 32 or 33 knots, quite in the speed class of pres- ent merchantmen. Convert to Auxiliary Cruiser, Developments in the art of building now make it possible (;n c.(’:‘xt:e vert high-speed merchant ships into powerful auxiliary war vessels, while at iding? S 'wumm. 191)