Evening Star Newspaper, October 25, 1931, Page 30

2 THE EVENING STAR With Synday Morning Edition. | WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.......October 25, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening :::nn?ip;m Company g & P v.':'u; Are, P MR Rate by Carrier Within the City. ing Star. ... 45cper month and Bunday Bare . o 60¢ per month e Even; 7..'-“:'-"“‘“‘“ 4 Buriday 8t ing and Bunday Sia ehen 8 By ‘5 7)o 6% per manty y e Cory e g at the erid of ‘each mont o) gidere may ook’ by mall 57 Lertbhone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. k! AU Other States and Canada. 13r.sizon tmo. g100 . m y and Sunday. i B v 5 $6.00: 1 mo.. v and Sunday.. Eflv only S aE 78¢ inday only Illl 3400; 1 mo.. 40c sy only 180 1mo 1¥r. $5.00. 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press is exclusively entitled use for Tews cis- [ ublieation of all *‘ r - Idunching a Great Enterprise. Ti» National Symphony Orchestra has successfully negotiated some of the more difficult preludes, raising of the guarantee fund, selection of musi- clans, proper arrangements with the .. union, engagement of adequate quarters for rehearsal and concert and, what is , of uthost importance, acquisition of a {. conduetor whose artistic and executive ¥ capacities seem to be all that is desired. | And on Monday, November 2, it is to . begin a senson of concerts that will ¥ write success or failure for Ameriea’s * twelfth and latest major symphonic en- semble. A great deal will depend upon the musicians, of course. As much, if not more, will deperid upon Washing- ton's support of an endeavor that should appeal to the highest of the va- rious @lements that go to make up eivie pride @nd loyalty to the community. A resident major symphony orchestra *"1s ane of the finest possessions any city can boast. And in launching the Na- tional Symphony Orchestra, Washington Joins a list of eleven select citles that have accomplished a task as praise- worthy as it is difficult. How fifficult such an undertaking is ean bé understood from a knowledge of the fat that in ninety years there have . been enly twelve such orchestras launched with any degree of success. The among them, the New York : fe Orchestra, was founded ; in 1842, the same year that marked the establishment of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Thirty-six years later the New York Symphony«Orchestra was founded, but lapsed, and in 1928 the two | New York organisations were wisely merged as the New York Philharmonic- Symphony Orchestra. In the meantime, . in 1881, Boston founded an orches- “tra that has become deservedly fa- mous; nine years later the Chicago or- chestra was born, and in 1893 Cincin- nat! gave evidence of the spread of cul- ' ture Westward by founding the fourth major symphony group in the United Btates. | Since 1900 the establishment of major ' symphony orchestras has been more rapid. Philadelphia began its orchéstra ; that year, to be followed at intervals by Minneapelis, St. Louis, San Fran- cisco, Detroit, Cleveland and Los An- geles. Washington now takes its place properly at the foot of the list, but with exceptional opportunity te climb in public esteem and national renown to- ward the top. Its inclusion in the group of cities. that have major symphony orchestras might be térmed conditional. It now fulfills the unwritten qualifica- tions as to size of the orchestra. It must demonstrate by sustained perform- ance the abllity of its director and of its musiclans. Other musical ventures, here and elsewhere, have been undertaken, only to fall by the wayside under the weignt of burdens, financial and otherwise. But none, here, at any rate, has been launched under such auspicious cir- cumstances as to financial support, ca- pable management and inherent skill of the ensemble. Long may your baton wave, Maestro Kindler! —— Nelghbors cannot fall to recognize Calvin Coolidge as & practical farmer who knows how to fortify his agricul- ture with income from other sources. ————t Turning the Corner. Charles M. Schwab, chairman of the i Bethlehem Steel Corporation, address- | ing the fortieth general meeting of the { American Iron and Steel Institute in New York on Priday, declared that he could speak much more cheerfully re- * garding the outlook for business in this country than would have been reason- able a month ago because of the im- provement in the credit structure brought about by President Hoovey and the leading bankers. Fear, he“said, has been lessened; there will be no collapse the sources of credit have been mobi- lized, and “we shall pull through This optimistic talk comes from one who has not as a rule been given to “whisting in & graveyard." There arc signs of betterment in the general sit- uation that others than Mr. Schwal recognize and verify by their own judg- ment. The prevalling feeling am those who hold positions of the highes responsibility in American finance and industry appears to be one of confi- dence that the corner has been turned Mr. Schwab prescribed as fol four-fold remedy for the ills from whick the country has been suffering for the past two years and from which it Is still in distress: The steps which must be taken toward improvement are: A better financial structure, which, is now under way; s liquidation of extravagances in ess, including prices, which has already taken place in most lines to an abnormal extent; a reduction in the cost of government, which is borne by industry and the people, and a gigorous. enterprising attitude on the ‘part of industry. In respect to the item of govern- mental costs Mr. Schwab cited large round figures. The expense of local administrations, he said, runs close to ten billions of dollars a year, or more than double the Federal government’s outlay. He said: | THE SUNDAY STAR., WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER administration. It was human nature to have this extravagance when the whole counuz was in the same boat. But we are down to hard pan now. Every business man and every industry is called upon to work with the local authorities in readjustment of local budgets. Defenders of high government ex- penditures, both national and local, contend that such expenditures are to be regarded as a means of “putting money into circulation,” and of giving employment to people. Governmental expenditures, however, do not create wealth, save in & very small percentage through the construction of bulldings {and battleships. The employment af- forded is but a trifie compared to that | which would be the effect of shifting perhaps half of these costs—which come from the people’s pockets through taxation—into the channels of industry land trade. To urge that relief from ¢ |unemployment comes from constant and heavy Increases in government costs is to advocate the state of soclety in which the people of a community 80¢ | support themsclves by taking in each other's washing. Economies of government administra- tion, both local and national, are not to be considered as merely emergency measures. They are fundamental ne- cessities for the economic health of the country. The evil in the enormbous local budgets, mounting to ten billions at a conservative estimate, lies in the waste and graft that cannot be denled and that tend to enrich a comparative few at the expense of the multitude. vt The British Election. On Tuesday, at the end of an un- commonly hectic and bitter campaign, British voters will go to the polls and elect a new House of Commons. The national government, headed by Ram- say MacDonald, is expected to emerge victorious, with a majority of at least 100 combined Conservative, Liberal and National Labor members over the forces of the opposition Labor party. ‘The size of the margin with which Prime Minister MacDonald, if returned to power, will have to work depends upon the conduct of the Liberals at the polls on October 27. As the fight tapers to a finish, there are signs of & growing inclination by Lloyd George's cohorts to vote for Labor candidates in the constituencies where no Liberals are running. Word has gone out that Liberals should support Labor and free trade rather than vote for the national government and risk a Conservative protective tariff. In the superheated atmosphere in which Britain's campaign of three weeks has been waged the possibilities of an upset, not apparently anticipated by the national government, cannot be left out of account. ‘With Ramsay MacDonald denounced up and down the land as a “traitor”; with the Con- servatives and Liberals charging that a Labor victory would destroy interna- tional confidence in Great Britain and send the pound sterling the way of the mark and the ruble; with unemploy- ment unabated and bread riots of fre- quent recurrence—amid such conditions as these the British polls this week may well prove to be the arena of surprises. Not in our own time will ballots in the United Kingdom have been cast in more incalculable circumstances. ‘The Laborites, led by MacDonald’s late chief of ataff, Arthur Henderson, have not improved their chances of carrying the country by the aimlessness of their attack. They are prolific in criticism and invective, but impover- ished of remedial or constructive pro- grams. They heckle Mr, MacDonald at his meetings, indict him for disloy- alty to the Labor party and prate of their own patriotism, without indicat- ing those particular and essentially practical directions it must. take if Great Britain is to be rescued from a perilous situation? Mr. MacDonald, who has conducted & brilllant and courageous contest in the teeth of unprecedented difficulties and at great personal distress, appeals to the voters to sustain the national gov- ernment in the grim emergency Wwith which it was called to grapple. The old Labor chieftain does not ask an in- definite lease of power for the coalition regime. On the contrary, he pledges that it would be only as long-lived as might be required by the exigencies it confronts. These surmounted, Mr. Mac- Donald promises “politics as usual” in | John Bull's 1sland—a return to the old | party system and another general elec- | tion. Then, he also foreshadows, he | will vesume his place as a Soclalist in {the partisan fighting line. For “the | urgent purposes of the present, he is a Briton, and not a Laborite. Begging pardon for even the sem- blance of an intrusion upon another country’'s own politics, Uncie Sam wishes Ramsay MacDonald and-the na- tonal government good hunting on Tuesday. S By making loans easier to obtain, it help the man who for a rainy day and n to ordin there has been a drop in the re that left him with frogen o - — , We Have No Epsteins, b Ef rmation, zely to arouse as much as his own creations in ronze. Which is to say that be a viclent argument over the merits of public monuments, both lin m and Am concerning | which, it is said, Epstein self freely and conter | his assertions is that | ments in America are far worse than {here; they easlly surpass the Albert | Memorial or the Artillery Memorial at | Hyde Park Corner; the Maine Memorial in Central Park passes bellef.” Any one who has seen an “Epstein” will wonder at such an expression; that is to say, any one who is not an addict of grotesque, meaningless modernism. The malformed, cryptic masses that | comprise the Epstein creations are fortunately all within doors in this country, museum pleces that can at any time be covered or removed. They hold the eye for a while as strange things always draw attention, then stone an th ope create a mental nausea of disgust that in- | in, who has been cailed! e, | land and, ac- | his| conform to the mode in “modernism,” affect admiration, without in fact know- ing what they are all about. Whatever may be the demerits of | some of the public monuments in this |coumry—-m they are many and de- plorable—they are not total absurdities. They are not affronts to the intelli- gence. They may represent schools of art that have been outmoded, produc- tions of immature craftsmen, perhaps favored for the moment for personal or even for political reasons. But they {are at least comprehensible. They tell | their stories to posterity, even if they ido not thrill the artistic souls of be- | holders of later generations. It is always the privilege of artists, | whether working in paint or in stone, {to criticize the works of others. Criti- cism is the life of art. It makes for advancement. There may be some im- patience with the self-exploitations of the publicity seeker who flings & rock |at the art of another in order to draw attention to himself, but the rock does | not destroy the object of his spleen | nor does it shake it from the favor of those who like it or appreciate its sin- cerity of expression. | Granting that there is some pretty {poor public art on view in America, it |is & matter of congratulation that there is as yet no Epstein form in flagrant | view in this country. ————————— Stern and Quick Justioe. A refreshing example of stern jus- tice promptly administered is found in ) the case of the four kidnapers who col- lected ifty thousand dollars from relatives of a young New York broker whom they had spirited away and held under guard in August. That a sentence of sixty years was given to each of the | four men 1s especially praiseworthy, as it will undoubtedly act as a deterrent to others of their ik who might decide to engage in the kidnaping racket, but more important than that was the at- titude of the court toward the usual appeals by defense attorneys. A three- week stay of sentence was urged by one of the Jawyers in behalf of his client. “No,” snapped the judge. “Well, will your honor give my client a week in which to srrange his affairs?” persisted the attorney, “Not a minute,” replied the court, and the prisoners were im- mediately hustled off to jail. If more cases were conducted along these lines criminals would soon learn to have a real fear of the law. At present the American legal machinery is 50 cumbersome that a denizen of the underworld knows that if he is arrested and secures a good lawyer he stands a chance of escaping conviction entirely, or, if he is convicted, of delaying for months or years the serving of his sen- tence. The Capone brothers in Chicago are an illustration of this condition. It more courts would adopt a “hard- boiled” attitude justice would not suffer, but the prisoners would, which, after all, is the object of punishment for crime. B ] Brazil is using coffee for engine fuel. Economists will regard burnt coffee as objectionable, in either a kitchen or a locomotive. Incidentally the fact that there is coffee to burn has not mate- rially reduced its cost at the breakfast table. Another problem in overproduc- tion awaits a philanthropic solution. —_———r————————— Some of the American Legion men would regard it as a touch of poetic justice if beer could be so completely legalized as to require Capone to serve out a sentence to hard labor as a work- man in a brewery. ——om—s Men accused of third degree cruelties are beginning, no doubt, to wonder whether it might be possible to secure more sympathy by arranging for a “Be Kind to Policemen” week. e Soviet Russia, having rejected nearly 100,000 applications from New York for ‘wnrk, is compelled to admit that it is not yet equipped to solve unemployment problems for the world in general. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Student. To books the schoolboy must return. He says, “I've got & lot to I Y A few years hence he’ll make his bow And say, “I am enlightened now!" Later he'll seek new things to find ‘That benefit the public mind, Or seek the profit one man makes By studying many men's mistakes. ‘The mystery is never through. Each problem solved brings problems new And when life's end he must discern, He sighs, “There still is much to learn. Costume. | “Senators in Rome wore togas,” sald | the young man who is always finding out. something to surprise his friends. “What of 1t?" asked Benator Sor- ghum. “Such apparel would not be consid- ered now.” “Of course not. Statesmen, like | others, are entitled to recreation. No- body would dream of trying to play golf in & toga.” { ‘Jud Tunkins says an ill-natured man is always in hard luck. Others can faveld him, but he can't avold himself. Big Stake. When folk merge all that they have got, The men of worldly worth May put it all in one jack pot And play for the whole earth, { Toxicological. eg liquor prevent poison- bite?” out it o my mind,” said Uncle Bill Bottletop. ' “Bootleg liquor would put any eneke out of busigess, | providin’, of course, you could find | some way to make him drink it.” | “Will bootl { trg by snek | “No doubt “Wealth,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “disposes of many obstacles. It needs a clever man indeec to be poor successfully.” Genius. A gentus never can be sure | Of whether he is rich or poor. | Some geniuses to garrets fiy | And ltve on crusts, nor hope for ple; | While other geniuses may gain | More money than they can explain, | And as great books thelr praise exbicss | Make thetr own ledgers a success. “One idea of socialism,” said Unele If & wastetul structure is erected, We | ;o ghominations are ever placed | Eben, “is & provision in de game laws 'g\uhfllmmlmmn.'x‘hzrau ‘waste of , the waste countless bureaus, the extravagance LY of those who like them, or at last who, to of Where they cen be seen. Yet there are foh open season de year ‘round fob which Europe contains neighborhood chickens.” 1931—PART TWO. FEARLESS BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES SPEAKING E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. Tert: “Feliz trembled.”—Acts, z7iv.25, A corrupt ruler, whose conscience had atrophied, was sitting in judgment upon one whose extracrdinary gifts as @ | teacher end preacher had given him | fame and distinction. The prisoner had for many years been a zealot in the cause that had engaged his every talent. He had been in bitter opposition to the | new Teacher from Nazareth and had | persecuted those who adHered to His | { way of life. At length he, himself, had | | fallen under the spell of this Master, | {and once having accepted Him as his | | Great Teacher, he threw himself with | enthusiasm and-zeal into the new cause. | His changed habit had brought down {upon him the stern condemnation of lthose he had formerly served. They had_bitterly denounced him, and at length they had haled him before petty Roman _governors, hoping thereby to silence him and eventually bring him to execution. As a Roman citizen and a man of rare intellectual gifts, he had refused to obey the mandate of the lower court, making his appeal to| Caesar. In the present instance, as recorded in the twenty-fourth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, he had been brought before Felix, a provincial gov- ernor. Felix had heard much of the genius of his prisoner and was-anxious to know something of his eloquence. The several defenses put forth by Paul, the apostle, constitute in themselves gems of oratory, notably his defense before Agrippa, as recorded in the twenty-sixth chapter of the Acts.g'The grace with which on repeated occasions this notable prisoner addressed his judges discloses his excelling gifts. Of Pelix it was said that he had ‘“more perfect knowledge of that way,” and | that he had & curiosity to see and hear | the intellectual prisoner. Of him it is written, “After certain days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, which was a Jewess, he sent for Paul and heard him concerning the faith in Christ.” Little did this petty ruler think that this he was to mark an epoch in his life. e record reads that when Paul “reasoned of righteousness, tem- perance and judgment to come, Felt trembleg” and answered, ‘Go thy way for thi€ time: when I have a convenient season I will call for thee’” Paul's argument was irresistible, and under the spell of it the petty ruler quailed: He had really not anticipated that the utterance of his prisoner would 50 d: rectly convict him of the folly and sis fulness of his own life. Had Paul res soned of other things, Felix would have found refreshment and satisfaction in his utterances. He was in the attitude of mind of Louis of France. who said to his great minister Masillon, “When I hear other men I am pleased with them, but when I hear you I am displeased with myself.” It has been universally true that the great preachers and prophets Who wielded the strongest influence in their generation have been those who dared to attack the weaknesses and vices of their age. It is less popular today than in former times. The general demand seems to be, “Speak unto us smooth things.” Notwithstanding this, they are the most compelling and per- suasive who with fine courage a the folbles and sins of their time. Felix is not the only one who has, befote a strang prophet of God, trembled and been dismayed. There are our corporate life as a peo?o ‘where reformers and prophets single-handed are attempting to remedy longfstand- ills. There are here and there fearless preachers who, throwing u- larity to the winds and disre popular favor, selves of a message that stirs mori- bund consclences and arouses fear and apprehension of “judgment to comeg’ 'Igwra has rarely been a time wh there was such need of prophets of this order as the present time. Well did the Scotchman say, “Let our prophet come with a new mandate for the soul upon his lips, and though gimlpeech betinmzhe dialect of a lean ant, the people will hear him ‘llfl?;‘. There is a real and abiding popularity that comes with preaching of this kind and we need it sorely in our life today. Two Presidents Engage in a Heart-to-Heart Conversation BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The President of the Council of Ministers of France—that's the right title of the French “Prime Minister” Laval—was in a private intimate con- versational huddle yesterday with Presi- dent Hoover. Their first task, it is well understood, was to explain to each other the respective points of view of their very different countries. This writer has endeavored to explore those points of view among the President’s experts and advisers on the one hand and among M. Laval's experts and ad- visers on the other. He has likewise taken the pains to consult United States Senators and French visiting journalists here. Out of this indus- triously acquired information he ven- tures, with a little audacity and with perhaps not too much levity, to lm-glne{ that the conversation between M. Laval and Mr. Hoover may have begun more or less as follows: { * x % *x Mr. Hoover: “I understand that you, too, are addressed as ‘Mr. President.’” | M. Laval: “That's so. In a modest | way I am indeed a sort of president myself.” Mr. Hoover: “I suppose there are some people in your political combina- | tion who are very tryinffto you.” M. Laval: “But, yes. There are many | very strong nationalists among_them.” Mr. Hoover: “Humph! I have a lot of those nationalists,. too. They always want more cruisers.” M. Laval: “Mine always want more fortifications along our eastern frontier.” Mr. Hoover: “You understand that I shall have to allow mine to have just a few—just a few—more cruisers. Other- wise I might not be able to keep a ma- jority in the Senate.” M. Laval: “Ah, we are in perfect agreement. I must fortify somewhat, or else my nationalists would pull my cabinet down.” * X% Mr. Hoover: “We have to remember | that each of us speaks for a country, but the country always has the last word.” M. Laval: “Quite so. Accordingly, let us address each other frankly an then address our publics with discre- tion.” Mr. Hoover: “Frankly, then, let us begin with disarmament.” M. Laval: “Disarmament?” Mr. Hoover: “Yes. In my mora- torium note I said that armaments were more or less crushing you and I inti- mated that I would see what could be done about it.” M. Laval: “But France has never said she was being crushed by arma- ments.” Mr. Hoover: “But you are.” M. Laval: “I must ask my experts. They have never told me any such thing.” * o ok % Mr. Hoover: “Well, let's be franker still. You see, Mr. President, the American people expect disarmament. I have more or less promised them dis- armament. I must have disarmament. You understand. What shall we do?” M. Laval: “I accept your noble s | gestion that we shall speak more and | more and more frankly. I say then: { France does not suggest disarmament. | 1t is suggested to her. It is then legiti- mate for her to inquire: If, at the re- { quest of others, France reduces her { armaments, what is it that others in compensation will do for her? What do you say, Mr. President?” Mr. Hoover: “You have heard of | Senator Borah? M. Laval: “Yes, indeed. He is one of your great supporters. Yes? He spoke for you strongly in your last campaign.” Mr. Hoover: 3 . Now Sena: tor Borah thinks that if you would re. duce armaments and if ‘we’ thereupon would reduce your debts to us, it would be—well, it would be what you 8o { nicely just now called ‘compensation.’ " * x % W { M. Laval: “Mr. President, T must | speak to you now with a frankness ex- | ceeding all my previous frankness. My country cannot sell its securitv. We shall owe vou fifty million dollars in the year 1932. We shall owe you sixty million dollars in the year 1933. We shall seventy-five million dol- lars in the year 1934. We shall owe| hing in_each successive vear | fter till 1987. In no year, how- all we owe you more than one ed_and_twenty-five million dol- lars. Mr. President, would it pay France to save one hundred and twenty- million dollars a year on its debts to | 'you and perhaps one hundred and iwenty-five million dollars a year more | through the reduction of her arma- ments and then in her weakness suffer an invasion and a devastation which | might cost her not millions of dollars but billions? Answer me that, Mr. : “But is not Germany I ihe eve : “Partly. Not so much as | it ‘outwardly seems. Moreover, as you | know, there is a strong party in Ger- | meny which demands the destruction of the peace treaty of 1919 and which | | would willingly seek that destruction by arms. Germany is far from being dis- med in spirit. Russia and Italy are t disarmed at all. Europe, on the whole, 15 disarmed neither in body nor in soul. France cannot in return for money exposs herself to the perils and presents. that can bring France It is not money to strip herself of self-protection. It is else.” ething . : “Do not mention it." * Mr. Hoover: “I'm glad it's over. Now! You would like us to promise that we will make war against the aggressor in any war. We cannot so promise. The Senate and the country would decline.” M. Laval: “Granted. I know it.” Mr. Hoover: “Very well. Would it content you if we promised to consult with the world in the face of a threat of war?” M. Laval: Yes, if you mean that after the consultation, when you had determined the agressor, you would combat him.” Mr. Hoover: “That would not be our understanding of a consultative pact in the United States.” M. Laval: “That would be the under- standing of it in France.” Mr. Hoover: “It would seem then that the two countries might have two un- derstandings of the same set of words.” M. Laval. “I concur.” e Mr. Hoover: “We have thus succeeded in arriving at a better unders of the two understandings. That's prog- ress. Let us remit the matter to further zxf]ornflon in the light, let me suggest, of the German situation.” . Laval: “You have much Ameri- can money in Germany.” Mr. Hoover: “We think s restored Germany. essential to the world’s res- toration.” M. Laval: “We French have littl money in Germany.” Mr. Hoover: “I should like to discuss Germany.” M. Laval: “You suggest to me dis- armament. You suggest to me Ger- many. You wish to remit security to further exploration. Would you wish to remit disarmament and Germany also to_further exploration?” Mr. Hoover: “The condition of Ger- many is an instant unavoidable problem.” * ok ok M. Laval: “Now indeed let us talk. Many of us French are fully aware that the burden of reparations upon Ger- many must be lightened. Many of us are convinced that the financial anatomy of Germany must be strength- ened. We do not wish communism, we do not wish chaos, on the other side of the Rhine. Security? Disarmament? ':;l:;n o!'l-nl.l !ntlon of pélce? Those are agree. ermany is - mediate. What can we l:ll')"y e Mr. Hoover: “The franc.” M. Laval: “The dollar.” Mr. Hoover and M. Laval: operation.” Mr. Hoover: “Have you not a busi- ness committee of co-operation be- \‘.wne‘en ge:nlmny and France?” 3 val: “I was thinking of it. Would you like to join it? Wh?ll about & business committee of the dollar and of the franc, along with the mark, to see where we can go?” Mr. .l;orou:;r and M. Laval: “Now we're on something practical that might get a good ptes:" » Yes. The chances are, or, at any there are some chances, that they come out of the huddle with some real business proposition. (Copyright, 1931) ——— Experts Discuss Personal Finance “Co- rate, BY HARDEN COLFAX. Concerted efforts by governmental and private agencies to improve and extend facilities for personal credit are becoming the order of the day. At | the Seventeenth Annual Convention of the American Association of Personal Finance Companies here last week the entire subject of personal finance was discussed by experts. The purpose of the gathering was stated to be: “To increase the capac- ity of personal finance, within rational bounds, to extend wider and more en- lightened credit service to the Ameri- can family.” Such topics as “Discov- ering the Consumer” and “Measuring | Consumer Credit” were the main fea- | tures of the program. * K ok ok While we are doing a great many | different things to reduce wastes and to lower costs, the new tendency now most noticeable among business men is to seek “a clearer recognition of the | necessity to find out consumer needs.” Elaborating on this point, Dr. Frank M. Surface, in charge of domestic com- merce in the Department of Commerce, ventured the suggestion that, “w in past periods it was stated that the discovery of the automobile or the radio had lifted us out of & depression, perhaps the discovery of the consumer would lift us out of our present dif- culties.” * o ® Once having “discovered” the con- sumer and having realized that mass production is impossible without mass consumption, business is beginning to Jearn that the consumer must be financed. W. Prank Persons, executive vico president of the assoclation, told the gathering that today all the vari- ous agencles of consumer credit com- bined in this country provide finan- cial resources for the buying public aggregating $8,000,000,000, ex. mdlth to American L sum are delivering them- |t They ex- millions of other. total ! Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY, In these hurrying days Dr. David Stusrt and Asbury Dickens should not forgotten. Who are they? R. Wal- [ton Moore of Fairfax, Va., one of the best-informed men men alive on the history of “The Old Dominion,” who has recently retired from Congress, answers the question. “One of the many historic places a few miles from Washington is Ossian Hall, near Annandale, in Fairfax County. The present owner is former Senator Bristow of Kansas, who occu- ples the house, built about 1730 by ‘William Pitzhugh, who was one of the wealthiest and most noted men of the Colenial period and for a time a mem- ber of the Continental Congress, Fitz- hugh early acquired a tract of land containing about 25,000 acres, which is threaded by the old Braddock road. On a portion of it he bullt the Ravens- worth House and on another ortion the Ossian Hall house, ‘The latter portion in 1804 passed under the ownership of Dr. David Stuart, who lived there until his d-ath, in 1814, and there he was buried. Prior to his purehase of Ossian Hall he had married the widow of John Parke Cus- tis, the son of Mrs. Washington, who died shortly after the Battle of York- town, . Stuart was one of the three commissioners appointed by President to lay off the District of in | Columbia and superintended the erec- tion of the Government buildings. In 1843 Asbury Dickens of North s became the owner of Ossian Hall, which he made his residence. He had “the dll::lhncuon of serving lonle’; than other man as secretary o he Uniled States Senate. He was elected to that office in December, 1831, and held it continuously until July, 1861, dying that year at the age of 89. AL ‘The officlal Bicentennial Commission, with its big publicity staff engaged on making available to all the people of the country the utmost information and sidelights on the life of George Washington and related irterests, has overlooked one important, timely story —the history of the first place to which the name “Washington” was given, which was surveyed, platted and estab- lished by George Washington himself on July 24, 1749. There is no doubt that Washington qualified as surveyor in the Culpeper County Court 20, 1749, being then in his l\flmflm In the foothills of Blue appropriately de ter- land of Virginia,” lies this peaceful and picturesque town. In Washington's day it was in Culpeper County though it is now the county seat of Rappahannock County. It is located on one of the routes which President Hoover travels in going to his Rn&idnn Camp. To better appreciate the antiquity of its birth, we are advised by Franklin Clyde Baggarly, former attorney for the town who has just written its history, to recall that Washington, Va., the first Washington of all those which now exist in 19 Sta! of the Union, was in fact & town ose early days of our Colonjal history when Ge e II was on the throne of England, the Bourbon King Louis XIV was ruling France, Francis I, son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, was Emperor of Germany and Benedict XIV was the Pope of Rome. ‘The original “plan of the town" mapped by Washington, which was found in 1847 among the records of the Fairfax surveys and grants, is in an excellent state of preservation. This rural hamlet that George Washington surveyed and plotted in 1749 by author- ity of a special act of the General As- sembly of Virginia became the “Town of Washington” on December 14, 1796. It seems a singular coincidence that just 50 years after the original survey and plat of the town were made, and on December 14, 1799, the third anniversary of the establishment of the town, the great Washington died at his home, Mount Vernon. The town councl, in order to preserve the original town plan of 1749, enacted an ordinance on September 29, 1917, reafirming the names of the streets and the log numbers to be the same and otherwise agreeable to the original plan. ' This ordinance was readopted and affirmed by the town council, May 17, 1930, with suitable names selected for streets in extended boundaries. The records disclose that the land surveyed by Washi n and designated as “The Town of Washington” was & part of one of the earliest land grants in the Piedmont section of Virginia. It was originally a large grant of con- siderable acreage and was known as the “Manor of Avondale,” taking its name from the :!sper Avon River in England, and is sald to have been ac- quired by or for Francis, Lord Howard (Baron Effingham), one timg Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. Subsequent petents in the latter part of the seventeenth century disclose that the manor house located thereon was “Avon Hall.” Attention is called by Mr. historian of “The Town of Wi - ton,” that the town has quite some his- tory. It has been subject to three soverelgns—the King of England, the Confederate States of America and the United States. It has fought under three flags and has been loyal to three governments. An effort is now being made to induce Congress to appropriate sufficient money for the purpose of erecting during the Bicentennial Cele- bration next year, in this old town and in honor of Washi n, a fitting tab- let commemorating original survey and platting August 4, 1749, “The First ‘Washington of AlL” - Home-Staying. From the Lynchburg News. Presigdent Hoover wants the American le to build homes, but might it not m a little to find a way induce them to stay in those they have? ot A Placid Land. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Dally Mall. Iceland has had three murders in 50 years. They know how to keep cool up there. greater than half a billlon dollars annually. Mr. Persons further called attention to the fact that our credit system has been developed in support of produc- tion, and at it falls short of ade- quately meeting the needs of retall buyers and borrowers, ~Commercial banks were not organized to supply retail credit to consumers, he remin his hearers. Hence, new institutions have come into being in the last few years to provide credit in various forms for the consumer —that is, for the American family. SRR * During the past year, other speakers explained, those engaged in the personal finance business have established co-op- Manchuris, the bone of contention between China and Japan in the Far East, is a land which, after centuries of turbulent military history, presses now for attention because of its rich economic potentialities. ‘Through the long years of a half-legendary past, Manchuria has been synonymous with terrific struggle between groups of dwellers led by the most recent sur- vivals of Oriental feudalism, the Manchu war lords. Occupying a rich land, the Manchu- rians up until a comparatively short time ago did little but raise cattle and sheep and scrape from the soil only such crops as serve to feed a populage much | smaller than that of other provinces of China. That is, they did little ex- cept for almost incessant fighting. The soil of Manchuria actually is rich and, although the climate is too dry for a wide variety of crops, considerable grain is produced. The great crop of the last two or three decades, however, has been soy beans. These legumes, rich in a valuable oil, now constitute the main agriciiltural produce of the cquntry. Shipments of soy beans and soy béan oil through the single port of Darien last year reached the large total of $60,000,- 000 in value. In the past the turbulence of the Manchuriane has retarded anything like full development of the resources of the province, The ulation up until a decade ago amounted to no more than 20,000,000, but a fraction of what could be supported. In the last 10 years there has been an influx of Rus- sians, of Chinese from the south and central provinces. and of Japanese. Compared with other sections of China Mln!']lc;lufll may be regarded as sparsely settled. the narrow isles of Japan has caused the Japanese to look with longing eyes | across the Sea of Japan and the Yel {low Sea to the wide and fertile stretghes 131 Mu;u‘hm’lm usso-Japanese War, Japan has come into possession of the once independent kingdom of Korea and this territory she has exploited freely, adding greatly to its value and furnishing an outlet for her straining population. s Japan Gains Foothold ut Korea—or Chosen, as it is now called by the Japanese—is but a foot- hold on the Asiatic mainland. The overcrowded Japanese look greedily upon the broad expanse of Manchuria, ?:‘l‘lco‘vlv of which still s practically The habit of turbulence cannot be thrown off in a generation after it has | persisted for centuries. The people still are quick to blaze into contest, and during the last 15 years of almost con- stant civil war all over China, Man- churia has been one of the chief seats of war. This has not made for the most rapid economic improvement, al- though much has been &m. A glance at the map will reveal that Manchuria is the very country against which old China erected the Great Wall, still one of the wonders of the world. The wall ran from an arm of the Yellow Sea westward to form & southern border of Manchuris and a'be The large increase in population in | As a sequel to the| Manchuria, the Bone of Contention BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. defense against the marauding Manchus of the north. . It is & far cry, in terms of civiliza- tion, from the war lords of only yester- day to the Manchurian business man | and farmer of today. It is little wonder | that the modern Manchurian continues | to show eutcroppings of the native bel- ligerence of his breeding. Indeed, such metamorphosis into a producer as has {uken place has been brought about to no small extent by the Japanese. The presence of the Japanese in Chosen, | with only a land border between, has meant an inevitable infiltration of the | 1slanders into Manchuria. Their extra- ordinary diligence and skill in produc- tion have made themselves felt. The greatest single exploit of the | Japanese has been the construction of | the South Manchurian Railway. This line, although constructec through a |1and almost medieval in aspect, is re- | garded as one of the finest in the world. | It is equipped with the finest and most | modern rolling stock and _normally | makes large sums of money. Naturally | the existence of the line has stimulated | agricultural production adjacent to it and thereby created the freight which gives it business. Other Rallways Serve Country. ‘Then, too, the Chinese Eastern Rail- way, the line constructed by joint action of China and Russia, penctrates the country. This line two years ago brought Soviet Russia and China to gl brink of war. 1In fact, there were some minor armed clashes, but the differences were settled for the time being. The dispute arose over the management of the line. There had been no difficulty 50 long as the old Czarist government of Russia managed the Russian interest, but China regarded the Soviet manages ment as too pushing and aggressive. The Chinese charged that“the Russians were trying to jockey them out of their | rights. In addition several lines of Chinese government railway traverse sections of Manchuria, so the province has made a good start toward fuller economic de velopment. In 1929 Manchuria was Manchuria too, but not as heavy dam- age as to other countries. In spite of heavy losses, Manchuria still has a fa- vorable balance of trade. In 1929 trade reached Manchurian fore $163,448,000, in 1930 it had fallen to $127,400,000 and in the first six months of 1931 'has mounted to $79,106,000. The favorable trade balance of $29, 785,000, noted in 1931 thus far, shows how healthy the trade is even in its diminished volume. A principal difficulty with Man« churian trade is declared to be high rates. m.d of way tariffs have remained static and constitute too, great a percentage of the total value of crops. In conse- Fifty Years Ago In The Star Expenses of Garfleld’s pose that any person Illness and Funeral. 300, Hicive to turn a national calamity into s money-making affair pure and simple; yet, the figures given out, appar- ently on some sort of authority and accepted as -reliable at least a por- tion of the press as tl penses of the case, be proximately so, it is eviden! parties intend to make a fat thing out of the illness and funeral of the late President. The total cost is set down at $305,000 in round numbers. of $53,000 is incidental expenses of various expected be bore by the Sia e 3 e o Fihe Gty of Cleveland, or jointly. The remainder will claim against the estate, unless is assumed and discharged by C as it undoubtedly will be. But, to be the several items g5 £ g § " £ su Z Nothing of the sort should be permitted in this case. Let there be no meanness on the part of the public, will be the eral verdict of the American people, m the sentiment will be equally unani- mous there shall be no gouging on the other side.” * % x® When Guiteau shot President Gar- field, he stated that he had obtained Guiteau Bought Gun bt - 4 after he With Bom;:cd Cash. "":“w':“il; ington, buying it with money borrow: from a friend. The Star of October 19, 1881, throws this light upon the case: “It has been ascertained when and where Guiteau obtained the money with which he subsequently purchased the pistol. The man who loaned Guiteau the money is a well known citizen, Dr. Geo C. Maynard, who says: ‘Last March Guiteau called in my office, and I recognized him as an old acquaintance ‘whom I had known 20 years ago when a boy in Michigan. He said he was hard pressed for money, was about to be turned out of his boarding house and would like for me to give him $10, which he would return as soon as he received a rell;lltu;;ce‘ vlhlkch he was expecting daily. Having known him 7ears l"o and heard of his beating rding houses d jumping from trains while going in or- good 8 der to evade creditors, I placed no cae; Fim fidence in his promises to pay, but him the money. I did not see again until some time in June, when he made another visit to my office and said that he had recelved the remit- tance, but had to pay his board with it erative relationship with welfare agen- cles, emergency employment organiza- tions and other relief bodies in the various communities in Wwhich they operate. These co-operative efforts have been directed toward obtaining assistance in securing employment for out-of-work customers and others in the modification of collection methods to meet current conditions and in the donation of services by employes in * % ¥ An_ analysis of personal credit in the United States, made by the Ameri- can ' 'h Foundation, re- hile | relief work. , an average of some $92 per person. This credit is divided up among installment sales, about two and one-half billions; open bank accounts, approximately the same amount; insurance loans, about three billions; building and loan asso- clations to stockholders, just short of three hundred millions; personal finance companies, two hundred and ninety millions, and industrial banks, two hundred and fifty millions. and in (Cepyright, 10313 and was now in the very deepest dis- tress. Guiteau looked seedy and hun- . and I told him I would let him ve the $15, which was the ameunt he requested, believing that this would be the cheapest way to get rid of him 18, in the Britain’s Sizzling Election Campaign BY A. G. GARDINER. » extraordinary el history of British . familiar contours are ob- 2o b peineioas colisasioe M the Je\w Labor government are allied with the Conservatives in the national govern- ment against their own ., and the Liberals are broken into Of this | everybody. 8 gz tectionist ramp. Thus Lloyd George, who is notoriously shaky on free trade, is the flag of free trade at the head of Labor, which at least is half protectionist, and against s government which ‘SIIDM'IBG Sir Herbert Samuel, W0 most convinced apostles of trade in th 3 * ok w* MacDonald and Stanley now made it clear that while leaving the government Baldwin have the torate. This undertaking probably bring most of the Liberals to the sup- port of the rhm of his leader of Labor, which, with pearance of MacDonald, J. H. Thomas, is lamentably deficient parliamentary gifts. One of the strongest assets of the tional government is the loss of fidence in Labor as & governing instru- ment and distrust of its sul to the decrees of the Trade Council. This is the main Snowden’s attack on his late as “Little Lenins” who fled task of saving British credit at ‘The chief personal interest in election centers in the fate of Ma and also that he was on the point of starvation. What use he made of the money I do r&t. know. Hes x,‘rvz.ly m.enl d money. 0] - 'y:l:" c‘l-;‘: Pnndm:y was shot by Guitesu.’ * *x % “At 1 o'clock today an old man with a valise full of gold beside him and a f the Got Gold Coin ~ Son™"'ymich 'he For Gold Bonds. 7 nuem:n;: of Assistant Treas- owned $17,149 in 6 per They matured on the 1st of paid in t coin. The t of the whole amount was about pounds. This was more than carry any distance, He gigesesis 3 o] 1: 5§£§E§s i