Evening Star Newspaper, September 25, 1931, Page 4

A % GIFFORD OPPOSES WAGE REDUCTIONS § Nfiew Unchanged, Says Presi- dent’s Relief Director—Green Sees Idle Gain. o (Continued From First Page.) fndustrial fleld mounting steadily since May. ’the federation leader said that as the result of his organization’s survey 13 cities showed unemployment increasing, THE EVENING Others Consi Fifth of a series of -hand. intim upon _first-han onditions fu every section ritish lslos, deseribing the histors, the current situation and the social and economic effect of The Dole upon every class of population. | By HENRY J. ALLEN, | Porimer United States Senator and Governor of Kansas articles, based dy of It is not e in England to get away from the dole Vi ry long. On my way The Dole in England Villagers Complain That System Encourages Laziness. ider It as a Necessary Evil. estimated that there were about five per cent abuses of the dole. This offi; atlook for the futu: on the boot and s pressed his opinion that there was permanent surplus of labor in the in- dustry. Ilhistrative of this, | there an incident o! |18 years of "age lage of 14 he had gone into the | factory; after 4 years of steady work | he was out and since November had not while we were better conditions were to be found in' from London to Birmingham, as I drove | spent an hour in any employment. This 10, and no _change was reported by 1 city. Especially bad situations were re- | Jish country side, I thought that I had | ence in the town of Northampton. ported by Green in Chicago, Jersey City, Cleveland, Baltimore, Boston, Philadel- phia, Detroit and Birmingham. Expectant last month of the usual Autumn gain in employment, he had forecast a Winter total of 7,000,000, but in his statement today the labor official held “the usual Fall gain in employ ment has not occurred this year. Green's latest estimate is 650,000 below the unemployment figures of the Amer- foan Legion, which earlier in the month made public a report in which it esti- ted 6,250,000 jobless. The Legion ’b'ned its estimate on a Nation-wide vey conducted by its more than 100 posts. “Without the usual Fall gain in em- pgymont." Green declared, “prospects for the Winter are even more serious. ‘There is little hope for further improve- ment this year.” *“In normal years,” he asserted cdrding to our figures, unemployment has usually reached its lowest point by Aligust or September. But the number out of work this Fall, according to trade unfon records, is still well above Spring leyel. Seasonal Gains Offset. {“Our final figures for August show ¢ out of work than in July, al- though preliminary reports gdsted a possible improvement, and the preliminary figures for the first half of September show another slight in- crease in unemployment. Industrial un- employment has increased steadily since May. Our weighted figures since Mgm Y ‘ac- | had sug- | | through the vernal beauties of the Eng- dropped the subject from my mind. We came to the village of Towcester |and to the Inn of the Pomfret Arms, iven distinction by Charles Dickens in “Pickwick Papers.” The walls of the taproom were covered with skgtches by | Cruikshank, great depictor of the Dick- | ens characters. The feeling that'the at- mosphere were thoroughly Dickensian; we were one hundred years from the dole. Yet when the good-natured pub- Jican, who runs the place, greeted us, | the eternal question which for days I have been ing everybody slipped through my_lips. “How do I like the dole?” replied the | keeper of this seventeenih century tav- ern, “naturally I don't like it. I have to work hard for the money I get. I don't like throwing some of it away to | support some of the idlers I know in { this town.” Ten Per Cent on Dole. It was my first contact with the small town_attitude on the dole. Towcester has 2,100 inhabitants. The village is | purely agricultural; despite this fact | 240 of Towgester’s inhabitants, over ten | per cent of the whole, are on the dole. { These are the mostly unskilled Ial than agricultural and domestic service, | neither of which are eligible to unem- | ployment doles. Some of these had {been idle intermittently for | vears; some undoubtedly were chronic | idlers of the village, but they had com- | plied with the simple rules and were {on the pay roll. When I remembered surplus unemployed, borers in lines other fifteen | 2; | that we had passed through many farm. | villages larger than Towcester, where September (preliminary), 19.5. | the experience doubtless is multiplied, “Farmers also laid off some of their | I understood better the things I had help in September with the end of | heard about agriculture’s new interest Summer harvesting, so that in agricul- | in the dole and the fact that they have 171 per cent unemployed: Ju Jily, 18.8; August (final), 1 | is only one case of the many in exi?u applies not only to juvenile labor but even more to the adult skilled artisan. | At Coventry, a few miles further on, where the motor car industry has es- tablished & population of over 100,000, | the government had built an impres- | sive new public buildin® from which to administer the dole. Tts dignified pres- ence encouraged the ic 1 that the dole system is now a recognized national in- stitution. Produces Calmness in Masses. ‘The Labor Exchange employed a | 1arge personnel. I counted 45 clerks {at the long counters waiting upon | the unemployed, both men and women, | who had come to register the fact that | they were on the unemployed list and | ent=led by virtue of the registration to the unemployed benefit. Across the street a Communist orator ‘\\‘as haranguing an audience, urging them to join the Unemployed Workers | Movement. He called them “comrades | and workers™ I noticed that most of | the men who listened to him had their hands in their pockets. Undoubtedly the dole has produced | calmness in the masses. No one seems to be looking for trouble. The parks are filled with good-natured crowds all day, wearing a sart of holiday air, I've gone frequently to Hyde Park, where open air oratory makes this noted spot | the very lung of London. Most of the orators were discussing religion. | Birmingham, which was qur objective | for the day, is, in industrial impos tance, next to London. It had a popu- lation of 1,200,000. The manager of the Labor Exchange told us offhand | that there were 60,000 on the dole! | Later, upon consulting his register, he | found that it had grown since he last loked at the figure to 72,000. The list STAR, WASHINGTON 'D. C., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1931 ; b about the dole. ‘manager of the hotel stood me .th for a while, but fAnally he decided to give me his opinion. “I am convinced,” he said, * dole encourages laziness; who receive it should be made to do some natfonal work in return for the money_they receive. I know that the unemployed must have the necessaries of life and that if the dole was stopped | entirely I think we should have a repe- | tition of what happened in France in | the last revolution. France has no un- | employed because the men, women and | juveniles are hard workers and seekers | after ‘work. I certajnly do not think it right that people should.receive some- thing for nothing.” A young woman attendant at the newsstand said that in her o?imon the dole was a good thing and although it did not give one sufficient to live upon it was certainly a great help in contrib- | uting toward the upkeep of the home. | | She’ had never been upon the dole and she gave weekly contributions to the | fund. The barber of the hotel also expressed | | his’ view. He is a Scotsman with na- | tive inetincts and he was firmly set | against paying anybody for idleness. “I | can’t understand why it would not be | just as easy for the government to | spend this monéy to make work for these idle men as-it is to spend money to_keep them idle.” The most striking thought I got_out of the great industrial center at Bir- mingham was that the dole is now re- garded as a necessary evil even by those who opposed its present expansion. They do not expect its disappearance, but hope for its abuses to be effectively modified. It is perfectly natural, of | course, that the dole takers should feel | well about the system. They are all for | it from everlasting unto everlasting. | | They seen mo menace in it. Business Man Quoted. A large Birmingham business man | said to me: “The thing has got us. We | accepted Socialism to avoid revolution, {only to find that it s revolution. Through these heavy drains the rev- enues are being absorbed by the costs, and when the system has absorbed the Tevenues it will absorb the property.” | When I asked him where they would | get the money to meet the deficit now | | growing at. the rate of over five million | dollars per week, which by April will | amount _to over six hundred million | | dollars, he said quite frankly: “Since it impossible to think of fresh | taxes T do not know.” | | T asked an important official of the | | Labor Union the same question and he said with equal frankness: “England | still is & rich country. There is ample | property to meet these legitimate needs.” | In Birmingham the workman's credit, |so far as immediate wants are con- | cerned, has undoubtedly increased. Un- | | employment _insurance and ~various| other forms of public ald have created | for the masses, even though unem- | ture and industry unemployment has increased by about 350,000 from July to September, and we estimate that nearly 5,600,000 in the United States are now without work. “Some trades, however, show sea- gonal improvement. In clothing trades 45 per cent of those unemployed Ir August are now back at work, although 15 per cent of the membership are still unemployed. This is encouraging for clothing ‘workers, put their season is short. A few other trades showed very slight turing, industries, street trans- portation. But unemployment in- creased in building, metal trades, on raflroads and in water transportation, counteracting the gains in-other indus- tries. Trades Suffer Acutely. “Some trades are suffering especially. | has been | In building, unemployment inereasing since June, and 52 per cent are now out of work. In the water trancport trades, longshoremen and seamen have 33 per cent out of work; in ‘metal trades 31 per cent are unem- ployed and in manufacturing, 30 per | cent. In printing there has been yet no change for the better.” “Although they said they regard the unemployment situation as being seri- ous, administration officials several days ago declared there was no nced for public alarm over distress arising from this condition. According to their , the public mind has been too needing’ be larger, but: the general prob- they beleve, will be somewhat better because last year's 2,000,000 drought victims will be removed. FESS DEPLORES WAGE CUT. Benator Says He Fears Movement Will Continue, SPRINGFIELD, Mass, September 25 (#)—United States Senator Simeon D. Fess of Ohlo, chairman of the Re- publican National Committee, today sald he “deplored” the recent announce- ments of wage cuts by several of the Nation's leading industtial concerns. Senator Fess, here to deliver an ad- dress at an all-New England Republican rally, said he feared now a wage-re- duction movement had started, there “would be no limit.” is sound business to pay a wage which will maintain our present stand- ards of living,” Senator Fess said. “Any- thing below that is economically un- sound. The recent wage cuts have been & disappointment to m It is bad for both labor and industry.” A Bank —doi gains: Food industries, manufac--| service !smflgd a movement to bring agricul- | tural workers under the unemployment | provisions. It also made more under- standable the complaint that many ag- ricultural laborers were leaving agricul- ture in order to get on the eligible reg- ister for unemployment relief. As matter of fact the amount of the dole to a man and his dependents is not far from the typical agricuitural wage. Before we left Pomfret Arms a superior looking middle-aged woman, apparently the housekeeper, entered into the dis- cussion. - She had a tongue and a mind. “The dole makes for laziness,” she said. “I know most of the dole-takers here. All they do is to attend the cinema shows in the afternoon, drink beer and smoke cigarettes in the evening, and spend what they can get in betting and backing horses, and the purchase of foot ball betting slips.” Traffic Goes on Despite Law. These lists are pubiished by book- | makers in defiance of the law; upon | the slips are the various teams oppos- ing each other in games of the English Foot Ball League. There are various odds offered by the bookmakers, rang- ing from 50 to 1 to 6 to 1. Notwith- | standing the fact that traffic in these gambling devices is unlawful it goes on with a freedom which suggests the difference of the American to some of thé legal inhibitions at home. Here was an echo of the state- | includes 20,000 women, This large La- | ployed, a certain purchasing power, the bor Exchange has three branches, one | steady effects of which are not negligi- | of which is devoted to women under the | ble. The small trades-folk feel the se- | | management of a woman civil service | curity which arises out of the fact that | office. The clerical force necessary to | tbe two and a half million but of work | administer the dole in Birmingham is |afe not out of money. If this could go | around five hundred. iun without bankrupicy it would not be| The central exchange is housed in a|® bad state so far as the visible eco- |large building several stories _high, | Domics are concerned. | which was & small-arms factory during ETET | the war. In spite of the 72,000 unem- | ployed, who were paid off every week, n;SPEAKER DESCRIBES AIMS OF LABOR DEPARTMENT | probably cost the government not less | | than it did during the war. | The manager u?‘ ae exchh:nge was very proud of the thoroughness with|0. J. Rogers Tells Cos itan | | which'the many departments of activity | 2 S so g | ‘ml] n;ed building were carrying forward| Club Goal Is to “Bring to Every | the administrative work. He referred | it | to %‘L a5 “x;m{,’x‘ machine” and spoke | Job a Man Who Fits.” | with considerable satisfaction of thé| Work of the Department of Labor in | fact that plans had been drawn up and | combating unemgluyment was de- | | approved by the Ministry of Labor for | scribed yest:rday by Otis J. Rogs | a permanent new building which would | superintendent of the Office and Mer enable them to carry on their work |cantile Divisicn of the United States | with “one hundred per cent efficiency | Employment Service, in an address | and dispatch.” This civil service offi- | before a lunch-on meeting of the Cos- | cer had no thought of the dole as a mopolitan Club in the Carlton Hotel. | | temporary emergency measure. In his| Mr. Rogers said the goal of the | | mind it has become a permanent addi- | Employment Service “is to bring to| }Lio’r]xd:: the nntégnal s':rdvilces.h ‘The new | every jcb 2 man who fits the job—to | uilding is to be a model, showing the | giv v v - | | nfatness and dispatch with which the | Souity i e who Seeks 1t an o : portunity to earn, not only for himself, iun]v:x;lg;vq may be given their doles. |but to support his family according to #m to the administration of | what th it; T to b2 o shich is the major work at| can m',fd:fiff,fyui?fiffi o br el | | the dole, | | a share were chalked up by United | by an increase in the Federal Reserve ment I d many times in London | ¢inct value is rendered in bringing the the Labor Exchange, a service of dis- | and prosperity. I recall that I had read the report of Messrs. Guinness & Co,, Ltd., wherein a record-breaking tlthe chairman stated that there had been a great increase in the selling of Guiness Stout, which is an alcoholic beer costing from seven to eight cents per bottle, The chairman, in congratu- lating the company upon the increased business, did not mention 'the dole as being the chief factor, but attributed it to better advertising. Has Office Force of 50. Our first stop to investigate the dole in an industrial center was at the Labor Exchange in Northampton, whose chief industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes. habitants; the number of persons eli- gible for the dole is 38,700; the numbs of unemployed recelving the weekly payments on the day we visited the ex- change was 6,600, the greatest propor- tion being adult men. Here we were {,‘,"“ every courtesy by the manager of e Labor Exchange, who is an officer of the civil service of the government, He required an office force of about fifty clerks to administer the system. | e is first and foremost a civil ser- fvant and devoted to efficlency with | which the law is to be carried ou ing SMALL things BIG Your Reason for Borrowing You may have a brand new reason for borrowing which we have never heard of —but we have no reason mold into which you have to fit. This bank is here to serve people of character who are engaged in the business of trying to get along. Bring your finan cial problem to us and see if we cannot help you to iron it out. Come In Morris Plan Bank Under Supervision U. S. Treasury Loaning Hundreds to Thousands Capital and Surplus, $250,000 that the dole. had given the tobacco! beer business Northampton is a city of 96,000 in- | employer and the laborer in touch with | as does the Labor Exchange at home, Cinema Shows Filled. l Undoubtedly the dole for the unem- ployed produces an appearance of nor- | mality 'in this great industrial com- { munity. Aside from the Lebor Ex- | changes, where men and women wait | Francisco from Los Angeles with Miss | at the end of each day. {in long queues to get upon the register, | there are no .crowds. The shops seem to be doing a good business. The pub- | terday and given a six-month suspended | raids against the market by making lic houses and the cinema shows are filled in the afternoons. I have made it a practice to ask in-|on which Richards was convicted after ! tection, i dividuals in the street and various stores | each other in much the same fashion | __Mr. Rogers was introduced by James | Nolan, to whom President Gordon Bon- | nette turned over the meeting. | PR ELOPER IS CONVICTED SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., September 25 (#)—Raymond M. Richards, a| swimming instructor, who eloped to San | Lillian E. Ott, 20, of New York, was con- | | victed on misdemeanor counts here yes- | | sentence. | | Frank E. Ott swore to the complairt | he traced his daughter to San Francisco Floated on Atlantic for 7 Days LISBON FLYERS JUST BEFOKE DISASTEROUS FLIGHT. s e ERNANDO COSTA DA VIEGA, Portuguese sportsman, and Willy Rody and Christian Johanssen, German aviators, standing. in front of their Junkers plane just before they left Lisbon on what was to be a non-stop flight to New York. The trio came to grief 80 miles off the Newfoundland Coast and were given up as lost until picked up by the steamer Belmoira after being afloat in the Atlantic for seven days. Left to right: Christian Johanssen, Fernando Costa da Viega and Willy Rody. ~—Wide World Photo. LONDON EXCHANGE day. The new regulation takes effect | tomorrow, Bank Representative Arrives. NEW YORK, September 25 (P)—R. MAKES ‘CASH RULING, EFFECTIVE TOMORROW | i Forcera, identined by nis travel rs as a representative of the Bank pape; of England, arrived on the Aquitania | toda: ¥. | He declined to tell the purpose of his | visit and even disclaimed his identity. Hg Mbtnue was expedited by customs officials. TOKIO EXCHANGE CLOSED. __(Continued Prom First Page) of $1 to $7 restored, but selling was again encountered on the advance. Extreme advances of about $3 to $7 States Steel, American Can, American Telephone, New Haven, Atchison and New York Central in the early after- noon upturn, but much of this upturn was later lost. . ‘The market was unsettled for a time Brokers Still Endeavoring to Raise Money Due on Stocks. By Cable to The Star. TOKIO, Japan, September 25.—Faced with the prospect of wholesale bamk- | ruptcies among brokers, the Tokio Stock | Exchange failed to reopen today. It | will remain closed tomorrow. ‘Tonight brokers were still endeavoring to raise an =additional 4,000,000 yen ($2,000,000) needed to meet zln ex- 1 Bank’s buying rate for bankers' accept- ances, reflecting yesterday's large of- ferings of this form of commercial credit from abroad, and the reactonary tendency in the Paris Bourse. “Afier ‘market closing time in Parls, | change demand of a total of 12,000,000 however, and rectification of a cable | Yen_ (86,000,000 additional guarantee error, through which a Wall street | MOmey due to the collapse of stocks. financial news ticker erroneously an- | Government authoritles are concerned A e oh henk ioncously 2D | with the situation, the minister of com- easiness over the foreign situation | Merce announcing that a cabinet meet- o A ing was_held, following which Premier 5 Relfiro Wakatsuki called a conference New Short Regulation. of the ministers of finance and com- merce with the governor of the Bank | of_Japan., | The Osaka Exchange is open only | for public bond trading. The exchanges in Kobe, Kyoto and Nagoya are op- erating similarly. The collapse of the pound cut the bottom from under spinning shares, | which are the backbone of the Japanese | market. In the early afternoon the Stock Ex- change announced new requirements on reports of short sales, which were in- terpreted as a further effort to detect bear raiding. When the exchange lifted its complete ban on short selling, after it had been in force Monday and Tues- | day, it requested daily reports as to the extent and identity of short positions (Copyright, 1031.) HOLDS GOLD STANDARD. The Commerce Department was no- tifled today that the government of the Union of South Africa officially it has no intention of depart- ing from the gold standard. Under that regulation floor traders and professionals could conduct bear heavy offerings of stocks and buying | them back the samec day, without de- for the short position would not be outstanding at the end of the EISEMAN’S SEVENTH AND F STS. Your credit is good at Eiseman’s SUI'TS ON CONVENIENT TERMS $25 buys a wonderful suit at Eiseman’s this Fall. before hjwe we shown such great values in such a huge selec- Fine worsteds and other long-wearing materials, in colors and patterns that you expect to find in $40 and $50 clothes. tion. Whether your choic weave or fancy—you are certain to find it in this unusual selec- tion of new Fall clothes at $25. OPEN Doy 1 o H ay in convenient weekly or monthly amounts. No extra charges for credit. b 4 Never e is a tan, blue, brown or grey — in a plain A CHARGE ACCOUNT Don’t hesitate to open an account. PURGER OFLONDON POLIE WL QUT Viscount Byng of Vimy An- swered Call to Clean-up Bobbies in 1928. By the Assoclated Press. LONDON, September 25.—Viscount Byng of Vimy, commissioner of the metropolitan police, announced yester- day he is retiring from his post at the end of the month. The famous wartime general and former governor general of Canada be- came London's police chief in 1928 answering what the home secretary de- scribed as “a stern call to duty.” Bribes Discovered. This call was to clean up London' police. There was much popular agl tation at the time because of the dis- covery that several constables had been | receiving bribes from night club host- esses and other violators of the liquor restrictions laws, and some others were suspected of turning blind eyes to il- legal street betting. Gen. Byng's activities as police chief have been considerably hampered by his health. In 1929 he suffered a severe illness and went to South Africa to re- cupetate. Recently he was forced to Despite ill health, the general is crédited with having done well in rais. ing the morale of London's famed bobbies. P Morecver, successive drives directly inspired by him were undertaken against the more dubjous resorts of London’s West End. Many were closed and others told to mend their ways, Served in War. Gen. Byng saw service on many fronts during the World War. He went to Prance as commander of the 3rd Cavalary Division and was made com- mander of the Cavalry Corps in June. 1915. Two months later he was sent to the Dardanelles, where he skillfully withdrew his 9th Army Corps from the Suvla area, after %hich he was called back to the western front to take over the 17th Army Corps. spend some time in the south of France. | BRITISH ELECTION OPPOSED BY KING Holds Emergency Govern- ment Should Stay to Com- plete Economy Program. By the Assoclated Press. LONDON, September 25—King | George was understood today to be op- ! posed to the movement for early dis- | solution of Parliament and a general | election on a protective tariff issue. | He was said on good authority to be averse to terminating the tenure of the { National Government at least until it had put its economy program into ef- fect and restored world confidence in the British pound. It was felt that | his opmions would effectively stifie the 3;3111] for an appeal to the people this all. | The King has played an influential | role in politics since the financial crisis was recognized some weeks . He rushed back from Balmoral, Scotland, | and personally took & hand in the for- mation of the emergency government to_succeed the Laber ministry. Prime M.rister MacDonald ~returned to his residence at 10 Downing street | today, appearing greatly refreshed after | a few cays holiday in the country. It was made clear that. nis return | was no* in tre nature of an official re- all and tiat he was bound for his | country teme at Chequers for the week end as origzinally planned. He had to | pass through London en route from kis unnamed retreat, it was gald, &nd he decided to scize the opportunity of go- ing to the House of Commons before leaving. 13 INJURED IN MELEE. | Dundee, Scotland, Police @M Several | As Unemployed Demonstrate, DUNDEE, Scotland, September 25 (#). | —Thirteen persons were injured and a | score of arrests were made when police dispersed a group of unemployed who staged a demonstration here last night. Several shop windows were broken dur- ing the melee. 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