Evening Star Newspaper, September 6, 1931, Page 14

Loses Battle, (Continued From First Page.) Jast two years in power. Viewed col- lectively, these years have been no more than a moving picture, a procession of crises and conferences. They begin with the leap across the Atlantic, the journey to the Rapidan with all the cameras in the universe clicking and the newspapers of ‘the world following breathlessly. Then there is the great moment when, at the opening of the Naval Conference, MacDonald leads the King to the waiting throne, the eyes of mankind again on the picture. There are the critical moments in the conference when the heart of Mac- Donald almost visibly bleeds for the world, but hope rises triumphant above the temporary disappointment in the final scene. There is the Indian Con- ference. with MacDonald again in the chair, the fate of the British Empire at stake. Comes the financial crisis in Germany and a London Conference and Ramsay again in the chair, the planct once more concentrating its attention on the occupant of the chair. This last conference fails, too—all his eonferences fail. gloriously—but hard upon the failure MacDonald swoops dramatically down upon Berlin in an airplane, bearing the benediction of Britain to the Bruening cabinet. Begins a War The poor boy from the somber Scotch village; the years of privation there and of grinding poverty in Londoi the ‘trulc ending to a romantic love story: |the war years, when the pacifist was | treated as a moral leper by all his fellow | countrymen, and then, the apotheosis— | prime “minister of a national cabinet, | the leader of the leaders of all parties by the express request of majesty itself! Scenes to Be Dramatic. After all, there have been few great !plays with a more dramatic ending. ‘The political curtain to the MacDonald epic lacks nothing as a climax. And. when the national cabinet ends, if, as | Shaw says, it is to be Viscount Lossie- | mouth, the House of Lords will have one member who looks and acts like a peer of the realm. He will be a lonely | figure, perhaps. and there wifl be sense of tragedy in his isolation. ~But there will be a dramatic touch in every mo- ment of it. How Lloyd George must envy Mac- | Donald this final act in his career, the | penultimate crisis! With all his ability | as an actor, and it was far from in- | considerable, Lloyd George was unable {to arrive at MacDonald’s artistic | heights. He, too, divided his party; he, too, sacrificed almost as copiously | as’ the 'Labor leader, but the gifts of | the Welshman were different from those And now the last scene: British credit of the Scotchman. He was a tight-rope collapsing as all credit collapses when | walker who eventually fell, but the revolutions are in the making: the result | fall of a tight-rope walker is only a of two years of socialistic endeavor are blunder: MacDonald by contrast is an being translated into the market value actor. and his fall was tragedy itself. of the pound sterling. King George and | And the end of that final act is not Ramsay MacDonald are revealed in yet. We shall see MacDonald in the close conference and then—the supreme | movies from one end of this earth to dramatic touch—"St. George for Eng-'another for some weeks still, perhaps Jand and down with the dragon of for months. His sacrifice will grow. deficit.” | not diminis] his publicity value will It all hangs together, this pioture. increase, not lessen. and beyond there You see what Ewer of the Daily Herald is the perspective of the ragged bare- meant when he called MacDonald the foot boy of the Scotch cabin translated greatest British actor since Garrick. | into MacDonald, Baron Lossiemouth. Nor should one forget the background: ! (Copyright. 1931.) Keep the Ch o (Continued From First Page.) dcor in his face because he cannot pass a regents’ test. We study him to dis- cover, if possible, what he can do and we work on his source of power and help him to become a Somebody. Each Has Opportunity. ‘That means that the school must offer various sorts of opportunity to its children. We have twenty-odd shops or laboratories and studios to which children are sent daily, every one of them. The book-minded child is offered an opportunity to enrich his experiences and stimulate his intelligence through first-hand experiment. We model and paint and sew and weave and sing and play and garden and bind books and cook and play with radio and tele- phones and doorbells and paint signs and give exhibitions 2nd plays and live as fully and as merrily as we can. I almost forgot the swimming pool and the playground. They are tremendously important in school work. them all. We have them in order that no child who knocks at the school door need ever be sent away without an effort on our part to give him what he needs for healthy growth. A story about one of the children may help to explain the working of the school and its reason for existence. One day a hoy handed me a little racknge and a note. He could smile ike the sun, but he could not say one sentence in Englich. The letter read like this: “This boy cannot master the English tongue. I have done my best. Yester- day 1 told him that he must bring me | at least five lines of composition. He must write a story about what he did in the old country. This morning he | handed me this. You can understand that I think him very worth while but 1 have nothing here thet will help him Maybe your school can give him the lift he needs.” Signed by the teacher. In the package was a block of wood and the boy had carved on it, in lovely lines, a picture of himself driving an ox to water, a little switch in his hand and a sharp-nosed little dog at his heels. “My home,” he said in his na- tive tongue. We sent him to the sculptor and we assigned him to a special teacher for English. He never acquired sufficient English to pass an examination, but he did master his art and teday his work makes a great church in New York City a cathedral of beauty. Might Have Been Excluded. Any examination that excluded chil- dren who failed would have excluded him. He got his education through his art. Today he reads the prose and verse of the masters. He knows the history of art 2s few people know it. He is a happy and successful artist. And the public school system that pro- vided for the child who could not pass examinations helped to save him. We had a little girl who could not do arithmetic. That meant no high school education for her. But the teacher in one of the studios reported that the child had done a fine piece of work. that she had great talent for mural painting. She is in training for that work now and this public schoo!. #ip- y, showed ner the way. w1d had been applied to hex she could not have made the required rating, as a result of her arith- metic. but because of the varied cur- riculum she has found a pleasant place in_the world. It is not more laws that we need, nor more stringent examinations. We need vision and undeystanding. and the will to follow through. We need to study children more and to place their needs before our comfort, our whims, our vrejudices. We need to spread abroad the truth that it is the child for whom the school is built. never the grown-up person, be he taxpayer, parent or teacher. point the curriculum and guide the ad- ministration. We will never succeed in educating our children until we free the schools from the dominance of set examinations and a fixed curriculum. Tests are a part of the class room technique. They answer questions that need to answered. The results should modify the teacher’s procedure and point her | work. They are not used to defeat a child, to show him up, to drive him out of school, to prove a pet theory or gratify a desire to impose one's sel upon a situation that in its very na- ture forbids such self-glorification. Easy to Discourage. 1t is very easy to bully a child out of school. He is approaching adolescence, perhaps is already well along in that stage, and he is emotional, easily touch- | ed. easily confused and overpowered. The junior high school and the high school are strange words to him. He timidly feels his way about. He masks this timidity in various ways, all known to the trained teacher who can read the signals and interpret them. Many of his demonstrations are an- noying. They irritate. even alarm us at times. It is human to try to avoid discomfort and pain. When a teacher and 40 such children are put in one room and forced to stay there through sternly routined days it is only natural that trouble starts. The unenlightened teacher falls back on the child’s aca- demic achievements. Does he know when the War of the Roses was fought and who discovered radium? Can he solve an algebraic equation? No? Then why is he in school? A slip of & boy appeared in the of- fice of the head of a department. “1 want my working papers, please.” “Working papers? You want to work this vacation?” ‘“Yes, sir.” “That's all right. Hand your name to the record teacher and she will send it in with the rest and well see you get_vacation papers.” The child’s face did not light up with eatisfaction as the teacher had ex- pected. Instead it expressed a deeper dejection. R We have | The needs of the child must | ild in School “Can’t I have them no “What's the trouble? Anything wrong at home? Got a good job? Why | are vou in such a hurry to leave school | at the close of a term? What's the matter?” “Nothing.” said in the child in a | tone that meant “everyihing."” “Don’t you like school?” I like it well enough.” “H'm. Where's your card?” ‘Here. I have a C in algebra.” “Pretty good card, seems to me. Just that one mark. C isn't so bad, but it can be made botter, ch "I can’t do algebra.” “How's that? metic.” “Oh, sure.” the boy's eyes glowed. “I can do long division in my head. Seventh-five into twenty-six twenty-five goes thirty-five times. How's that? I have a system. I can do arithmetic all right, but no algebra.” “Is " that why you want working papers>” Instantly it was as though a screen had dropped between the boy and the teacher behind the desk. The light left the lad's eves and all the color faded from his voice. | "I have to take out my working pa- pers. I have to leave school.” Determined to Quit. “You haven't a job. The folks don't need your help. You are quitling be- cause you can't do algebra. You are afraid of the regents?” “I can't pass the regents in algebra and if I take the examination I'll spoil the class average.” The lad set his mouth in a hard line last report 'and stood twisting one leg about the | other. “These working papers can wait. If You could pass regents’ algebra with a good high mark, would you still want to take out your papers? “No. but I couldn’t pass.” _“A boy who can do long division in his head can do algebra just as easily. Now, let's make a bargain. You come here every day during ‘math’ periods. , I'll show you a ‘system’ that will work algebra as easily as yours works long di- vision. Then you needn't care about ex- aminations. You can pass them all.” Every day after that the child re- | ported promptly and eagerly set to work | to learn the “system” that would help him master algebra. The teacher dis- | covered that the boy did not understand the use of signs nor the meaning of ex- ponents. After explaining the “system” the boy could do anything his grade | work required. | “Tomorrow you take the test with | your class. You'll pacs hands down.” | saved him. The class room teacher, anxious to | | have a good record, anxious to save her- self from the criticism of her superior: had broadly hinted that boys who could not pass the regents' tests ought to leave the class so as not to lower its record—and the sensitive boy had de- termined to leave rather than handicap bis classmates and lower the standing of the school That. I beg to state, is not the func- tion of the school and the teacher. It is | their function to keep the child in | School. To place him so, to treat him so as to make him wish to learn, wish to | work, wish to achieve. Driving a child out of school because he is ignorant is | in direct violation of the agreement be- tween the public and the schools. The people established the public school in | the hope it might educate all the chil- d}'en. They trust us to do this. And we can do it by shifting the school to meet the needs of the children, by rec- ognizing that the course of study fs not | ! a final document but a survey of the community's activities sifted and or- | | ganized and used in teaching th - gx;‘e: }:r‘:‘w to live in the %um;flf:i‘!]_\' SPre. these activities are a major part Like in Foreign Land. Did you ever find yourself i - | cign land unable to riake'your';e?{ ’:x: derstood because you thought in an- other language, “spoke in another tongue, behaved in another tradition? If you have. you know something of the feeling of the child who finds himself 1;2)12]::1!1001 :Vhl;:hhwas set up for the 'y sort of child where fil;edhhlm for a life of labor. e esitated about writing that | word, so foreign in its meagllnkfltn lt!l'fg | traditional school, so shunned in its in- { | terpretation by tie people whose ehil- | dren go to the public school | for my child> ~“Never. % werk as I have worked.” | noton_ 1abor, “Labor He shall not 1508 ‘on the n fmee of e misuse | labor and only the laborer can remov‘/)cr |it. His only chance for lifting the load | off his back is through education in his own fleld. ~An intelligent laboring group. and I am including all workers in this group, can hold its own. They | become more intelligent by devel the | y developing I Efl]“"wthey' Dossess, never by at- | fempting to develop what they cannot At the end of the last term w | ceived an indignant note from a father whose boy had failed in French, I you had checked up on him all term, he wrote, “if you had taken any pains Wwith him, treated him as an individual ?fir::u‘fm n&t have failed. Your neglect. ns to co edwauon." st my son- his higher We would have been bowes - miliation had his father's chflflrg’cn b:gn true. The facts are to the contrary. At the end of the first three weeks the teacher knew that learning French or any other foreign language was going to be a difficult task for this boy. He seemed to be deaf to all languages save Fis own and he was none too good in that. With infinite care the teacher worked out a series of lessons to suit the boy's need. He sat beside the boy and coached him daily. He gave him extra lessons. He invented devices to aid him in pronunciation. He provided him with a series of cards for written work and translation. Still the boy was deaf to French. Each month the re- | port went home and was signed. | The boy had plainly done his best. You can do arith- And he did. The wise old teacher had I ' THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ., SEPTEMBER 6, 1931—PART TWO. Will Ireland Change Pilots? The teacher had done more than seemed possible. But the father was indignant and blamed us. Why? Because he was moving heaven and earth to make a professional man out of a working man, Why again? Because he thought the boy's life would be easier. ~There 1s nothing wrong in that thought. The mistake came in working it out in terms of the lad's education. Making him try be what he could never be was push- ing him into a life of misery. Far bet- ter to train him to be efficient within his own fleld. There is no unhappiness as bitter as that which falls upon a man who is a misfit and a failure in his chosen field. Skilled as Bookbinder. ‘This lad whose father so longed to help him was a fine bookbinder. Once in the bindery he became another per- son. His hands hovered over the leath- er with a tenderness, a skill, a devo- tion that was beautiful to see and the work he turned out was a joy to betold. Somewhere along that road his happi- ness waited. His fortune lay in his own hands. There is no need to fear that school will be made too easy for children, and some people have expressed that thought recently. Wren was life easy? School is life. Children do not fear hard problems that come in their own fleld; they dread only what they cannot do, those things that lie outside their own field. The minister trembles at the thought of the burst water main and the plumber shakes in his boots at the thought of making a public speech. Which one is to be examined and thrown out? And that is an exact {llus- tration. That is what we mean by a modern sctool. It offers a place to every child from the infant class through the specialized high schools to functioned education. Everybody has his own place and it becomes an honor- able place when it is acceptably filled. Set examinations will not help us much here. What is needed is vision, understanding and devotion to the cause of education, qualities always found within the teaching group. We need a fluld course-of study, & fluid school system, an organization strong enough to maintain orderly rrowth and loose enough to allow for the vagaries of growing children. The only examinations we need are those conducted within. the schools. The standard of achlevement should be the highest attainable by the individual child. He is measured against himself. | He tries to better his own best. The important question to ask him is, “What can you do best?” Tre only command, “Do it.” All education coes not lie within the course of study. All educated people do {not hold sheepskins. but all educated | people know one field of life thoroughly and can live happily within it. Until the schoo's can help every child to find ‘Pifls field they do less than their simple uty. Not Taking an Interest. “T notice that the boy in the second |seat in the third row is not following this lesson,” said & visiting supervisor to a city school teacher. | “No. He is on a special program. He | 1s reading about soils. He seems unable to take the usual course and we are Iconcem.nnnx on his strongest interest | in the hope of building it up to where it will carry him on.” ‘The “supervisor was troubled. The course of study was set. The teacher and the children ought to follow it. Yet here was a teacher and a child who had to set it aside. He shook his head and nibbled his pen doubtfully. Then he sighed, “Well, if I don't know anything about it. I don't know any- thing about it,” and he went on his way. Isn't that too bad? The school dis- covered a child who could ngt take the usual courses and modified the program to suit his needs and develop him as thoroughly as possible along the line of his gifts.” But this was wrong, school was doing the other. The super- visor was too intelligent to object, but he could not say, “Well done.” Yet Thoreau was a priceless soul. And John Burroughs deserved well of his countrymen. Valuable men and women have left the schools without their di- plomas or degrees because they could not or would not—due to their stronger bents—take the course as it was set. Lesser souls who followed easily the scroll of learning have scorned these others because they “never took their degrees.” An educational system to function in the lives of all the children and youth of the land must make provision for all the differences as well as all the simi- larities of its children. Already this idea has taken hold and as time goes on it will become the accepted way. No child will be driven from school and branded as a failure because he cannot pass an examination in the things he has for- gotten and pushed aside, or which, per- | haps, he has never been able to master. | Every child will find a welcome and a | place read> for him. Instead of a num- ber of uper schools all alike we shall have a nnber of schools all different. Sees New Era Coming. | The children of the country will come to their own when the school is set to the life of the community and all | pride of knowledge, all thought of dom- inance, has vanished. The child will indicate the way and the school will maintain him in his sapling growth un- til it becomes a seasoned, sturdy power. This is not impossible, not as much of A dream as you may imagine. We have schools like ‘this in’ New York, in every | large city in the country, and more are coming as fast as the community will |accept them. The sooner the better. | Every day we dwell under the old idea | of the rigid school, the set curriculum, |the dominant examination, we are | :hraltlng the children and betraying our | trust. | (Copyright, 1931.) | {Business Women Hold | International Meeting | G | VIENNA, Austria—Ths first inter- | national conference of the Federation of Business and Professional Women was held recently in Vienna, with dele- gates present from most European coun- tries and from the United States. The president is Miss Lena Madeson Phillips of New York. ‘The women heard various reports on the general problems of the relation of women to business, and were particu- larly impressed by statistics showing the success of women in prcfessional life in America, as well as by a report of a German delegate, Dr. Hilda Oppen- heimer of the German Ministry of La- bor, on “Women and Unemployment.” Prominent delegates included Miss Helen Frazer, chairman of the Inter- national Hospitality Committee; Dr. Lena Auspitz, a prominent German ad- vertising woman; Lady Muriel Gore- Browne, an English soclal worker, and Miss Helen Havener of New York, whn was congratulated everywhere for her efficient handling of publicity. It has | been decided to open a permanent Eu- | ropean office for professional and busi- ness women. o Lost Tasso Portrait Is Found by Lawyer ROME, Italy.—The ouly portrait of Torquato Tasso, Italy’s greatest poet of the sixteenth century, which was actu- ally painted from life, has again come to light after being lost for many years. This portrait was painted by the Ro- man Federico Zuccaro in 1594, when the 50-year-old Tasso was quite evi- dently insane. ¥t shows the great genius to have been bald, with bright e: which indi- cate nearsightedness, a large aquiline beard, which became gray at the tip. A Bergamese lawyer, Locatelll Miles, is the proud owner of the portrait, which eventually will prcbably be in- trusted to some government-controlled museum. Apparsntly the portrait was “lost” simply b°cause of the fzilure of the owner to identify it as that of Tasem because the law said one thing and the | nose, a strong mouth and a well-kept| g, (Continued From Third Page.) Republican army have no direct repre- sentation in Parliament. They are de- barred from nominating candidates by the law passed in 1927 making it obligatory on all candidates to make an affidavit that if they are elected they will swear the oath and take their seats. While that law stands they are definitely cut from participation in elections by the nomination of candi- dates. The next election will there- fore be fought on the basis of the ex- isting parties. Majority Is Unlikely. ‘With proportional representation in operation it is unlikely that any party will get a clear majority in the next Dail. If an election took place with public feeling as it is at present, the position of the two main parties would probably be reversed, and the Labor and other groups would be able to decide whether Mr. Cosgrave or Mr. de Valera should be President. If it depended on the Labor group they would almost certainly give Mr. de Valera a chance to see what he could do as the head of a government. Not that there is great friendship be- tween the leaders of Fianna Fail and Labor. On the contrary, they have been drifting farther and farther away from each other in recent months. But the Labor leaders realize that so long as Cumann na Gnaedheal and Fianna Fall, two sections of the former Sinn Fein party, face each other as the two main parties in Parllament—with Mr. in opposition—there is little likelthood of the growth of the minor parties: whereas & change of government might lead to new groupings in which Labor would get its chance of securing a much larger representation. While some members of the govern- ment are believed to be strongly in (Continued From Third Page.) the majority when the demands of of President | made the resignation Ayora imperative 5 This may account in part for the peaceful way in which the Ecuadoreans have just accomplished their change of government, although it must be ad- mitted that only Dr. Ayora's disinter- ested attitude made this peaceful change possible. Called After Revolt. | Dr. Avora’s government was also the | result ‘of a revolutionary “coup d'etat, although it had been later legalized by constitutional means. At the beginning of 1926 Dr. Isidro Ayora. a phy«ician by profession. completely alien to internal Politics, was called to the presidency, after a militaristic movement had suc- | ceeded in overthrowing the old. ineffi- | clent regime of President Cordova, and a provisional junta of civil and army leaders had governed Ecuador for sev- eral months. It was not until late in 1928, when a National ~ Assembly, constitutionally tended official recognition to his govern- ment. 1In the meantime, however, un- official relations between the two coun- tries had been most friendly and Dr. Avora had proved himself an able and 1 honest executive. i Since the inauguration of its consti- tutional term the Ayora administration only increased in prestige, accelerating the material progress of the country, strengthening internal order and fur- thering Ecuador’s credit and good name abroad. Thus it was only natural that President Ayora's rule was a popular one, and that his government was con- gressive ones in Latin America. Took Back Resignation. In September of last year. soon after revolutionary changes of goternment in Bolivia. Peru and Argentina, the first signs of discontent were registered in Ecuador. The altruism. however, and disinterestedness which President Ayora displayed then by answering the oppo- sition’s attacks with his resignation be- fore Congress. provoked a nation-wide reaction in his favor. Forced to take back his resignation. President Ayora ! called one of his staunchest opponents to head his cabinet, and thus gaine4 even greater confidence. His govern- ment seemed then, only 11 months ago, more solid than ever. ‘What may have happened in these 11 months to change so thoroughly pub- lic opinfon in Ecuador is still a mys- tery to cbservers of political conditions in “South America. What great mis- takes may Dr. Ayora have committed in such a short period of time to lose s0 completely the confidence of his countrymen is c¢ifficult to ascertain. Outside of secondary acts, like the contract for the match monoply, the prohibition of foreigh oil importation and other minor pieces of legislation. nothing of paramount political, social or economic importance may be recalled to account for this change of sentiment in Ecuador toward the Ayora administra- tion. Due to Financial Crisis. There is only one element which may be made responsible for this sudden change which has finally resulted in the breakdown of the Ayora govern- ment, and that is its inability to solve the present financial problems of the Cosgrave in power and Mr. de Valera | 6r(lerly Ecuador Revolt Shows Nation Is Maturing Politically elected, had confirmed and legalized Dr. | Ayora’s rule, that the United States ex- sidered one of the more stable and pro- ment party would prefer that the Parllament run its course until the five years have expired in September, 1932, or even that its life should be prolonged b, 1933, should an election in Euchar- istic' Congress year be considered un- desirable. Political Truce Expected. An election in the near future can- not be ruled out as an impossibility. It is, however, unlikely. Present in- dications are that there will be a short session of the Dail next year, followed by a political truce until after the Eucharistic Congress, and then a gen- eral election in the Autumn. If the government obtained a year's moratorium for its obligations to the British government under the finan- clal settlement of 1925, Ernest Blythe, vice president and minister for finance, would have $30,000,000 to play with next year and would be able to pro- duce a budget which might carry his party into power with a safe majority. Mr. Blythe has deprecated Mr. de Va- lera’s method of approach to the moratorium issue, but that does not reclude the possibility that he as min- ter for finance may be engaged in negotiations for the inclusion of Ire- 1and in the agreement regarding inter- governmental ~ debts. As the Free State's annual rfl 'nts to the British treasury are relatively more to Ireland than the reparation payments are to Germany, a remission even for a year influence the whole situation in Ire- land, political as well as economic. | attitude of the government on this question is another element which | makes ~ prediction doubtful. _Either | way. the coming 12 months should be | of intense interest. ! country and relieve the economic dis- | tress of the Ecuadorean people. In Ecuador. as elsewhere, hard times are blamed on the government. A pri longed econpmic crisis necessarily re- sults in a loss of prestige for the men entrusted with conducting the nation's finances. Confldence in the established crder of things breaks down and the opposition leaders make good profit of public discontent. Any change of gov- ernment gives hope for a change in conditions, 50 those interested in the change are always sure of popular sup- port in times of distress. This phenomenon, nearly as old as government itself, has occurred once more in Ecuador The Ecuadorecans have lost their faith in Dr. Ayora to lead them out of the economic crisis in which the world depression and their own financial complications keep them Tkis is the only possible explanation of Dr. Ayora’s vanished popularity. It will be easler for students of psychology and ifor those famillar with the fickieness of Latin-American politics to under- stand this complete “about face” in Ecuadorean public opinion. Irigoyen's Case Recalled. Such a thing cannot be surprising in a continent where President Irigoyen of Argentina was overthrown by an al- most unanimous nation-wide revolution, scarcely two years after he had been made President by the largest majority recorded in Argentine elections: and where President Alessandri of Chile was twice expelled from thie country and then welcomed back three times as the savior of the nation in only a few years The orderly and democratic spirit of the Ecuadorean change is evinced by cable dispatches coming from Quito after the resignation of President Ayora. The populace has indorsed unani- mously the new provisional government, and the army, which in Latin America is always the decisive element in such situations, has promised not to inter- fere with domestic politics. In a pub- lic manifesto which has the signatures of all the high officers of the army, they pledge themselves rot to influence in any way the activities of the politi- cal parties preparing the forthcoming presidential elections and to insure in- ternal order and normality country. Encouraging Indication. This attitude. unusual in the annals of South American politics and only comparable to that of the Bolivian | army during the recent revolution in that country. gives an encouraging in- dication that the Ecuadorean change will finally result in a step forward in the nation’s development. Another edifying example is given by former President Ayora, who, instead of fleeing from the country. as is the usual custom of deposed Latin executives, re- mains in Quito, the Ecuadorean capital, awaiting in his private residence the | outcome of events, and ready to an- swer any charges of misconduct or mal- administration of public funds that his personal enemics may care to make. A press dispatch reports that the re- tiring Chief Executive of Ecuador is to resume immediately his professional duties. Unable to cure the serious eco- |nomic and political ills of the nation, | the distinguished M. D. will confine himself from now on to relieving the E{J}‘iy!lcll ailments of his large clien- | tele. A (Copyright. 1921) Visits of American Crystalize Filipi (Continued From Third Page.) tor Arthur R. Robinson of Indiana, Senator Tasker L. Oddie of Nevada, Representative Cassius C. Dowell of Jowa, and Representative Willard Gib- son of Vermont, all of them with'mem- bers of their families. These visitors steadfastly refused to be committed on their stand as to inde- pendence and got around the issue nice- 1y by setting out to “see the Philippines Representative Gibson did express 'himssfl on one thing. He said he was strictly against abolishing or restricting Filipino immigration to the United States so long as the islands remain under the American flag. Senator Od- die was more interested in the interna- tional silver question than in inde- pendence, and was rather impatient to depart for China, where he wished to conduct investigations. ~_The party departed without adding anything significant to the situation. Touring their absence the Army trans- port Grant brought Senator Harry B. Hawes of Missouri, with his wife and daughter and secretary; Senator Ros- coe Patterson of Missouri, with his wife and son, and Representative Tom Yon of Florida, with his wife and daughter. Senator Hawes said that “if the Fili- pinos are united, determined and per- cistent, in my judgment independence will be granted,” and gave numerous addresses openly urging another mis- sion to the United States. Filipinos Cheer His Views. Enthusiastic audience cheered him until they wept. University professors prepared long and profound briefs stat- ing the Filipino cause. Independence Tesolutions commenced to pour in by mail and by messenger from town coun- from social organizations, from university student bodj and; the flood continued until Senator Hawes departed six weeks later with 26 pieces of bag- ‘gemer members of the party were less outspoken. Representative Yon came out openly for independence, but re- frained from anything that could be remotely interpreted as independence propaganda. - He left after a few days in the Philippines, being in ill health on his arrival. Senator Patterson wi unwilling to commit himselt definitely l 1 l | ‘whole | Congressmen no Self-Rule Views 1on the question and passed only a short | time in the islands. Since returning | to the United States he has stated that | immediate independence would be too | barmful to impose on the Philippines | at present. Gen. Francis Le J. Parker, chief of | the Bureau of Insular Affairs, arrived {on the same transport with the others. | He quickly identified himself with the | administration in the Philippines and | has been traveling extensively and in- ‘\'estlgfltlnz ever since without saying anything in public. | _ Senator Key Pittman of Nevada ar- rived while Senator Hawes was here. He had been up on the China coast in- | vestigating the silver market and wished | to see something of the Philippines be- | fore going home. He contented him- ‘sell with analyzing the Philippine sit- uation as he saw it from a Washington ! point of view. He did indorse Senator Hawes' contention that it was desir- able to-end the uncertainty that marks Philippine-American relations. Hawes Remains Six Weeks. Senator Hawes stayed out his full six weeks, traveling widely, speaking occa- sionally before university student bodies, commercial organizations iden- tified with the Philippine cause and be- fore large audiences gathered at pro- vincial towns for a political turnout in honor of “Senator Hawes, the cham- pion of the Filipino people. dependence question. The independence sentiment had reached heights not felt since the Wood regime. There was a stir over a sug- gestion from Hawes that foreign news correspondents were conducting an or- ganized campaign of propaganda against the independence cause, ai one correspondent was bitterly attacked in_the opposition press. The Manila Daily Bulletin was an object of furious Filipino criticism be- cause it printed an estimate of the crowd attending the famous Manila in- ndence parade at 150,000 persons. portance of the parade. attitude reached its climax after the in the | U er estimates ran as high as 400,00041 The Bulletin’s figures were taken as a |ex deliberate attempt to muummue Q.the‘ im- & Virglato” chaptacaeals o ino various a or- Governor General's message islature, in which body for dilatory tactics in legislation and for maintaining & national law ex- empting Senators from search in case of gambling raids. But the majority party found its position in criticism of to the Leg- favor of an immediate appeal to the | the Governor untenable and that dis- country, the majority of the govern- |pute quickly quieted down. Opinion Now Crystallized. At least the Summer congressional visitation has served to do one thing. It speclal legislation until | has sharply divided the American and Filipino stand on independence in the Philippines ang advanced the qual- ity of thought on that moot topic be- yond any point of progress previously attained. ‘The American point of view sticks closely to the economic argument against independence, citing the inevi- table crash of the sugar business, the cligar trade, the embroidery industry and two or three others which would nat- urally follow a loss of the free trade market in America. They contend that hundreds of thousands would be forced into idleness by unemployment, the value of the peso would depreciate, and the Philippines, assiduously cultivated into prosperity by 30 years of Ameri- can endeavor, would be precipitated into the angry seas of the prevailing world depression. PUBLIC LIBRARY More About Our Schools. N connection with the stir and ex- citement of getting off to school, which may mean taking the toddler to nursery school, helping grandma register for the radio course in I would be so important that it might | SPanish. deciding on senior electives or having brother's teeth examined, the Public Library calls attention to the The absence of information as to the | following books: These New Schools. NEW LEAVEN. By Stanwood Cobb. Day. 1930. IK.C332n. A discussion of the basic principles underlying progressive education writ- ten in keeping with the spirit of pio- neering schools. THE__TEACHER IN THE NEW SCHOOL. By M. P. Porter. World. 1930. IP.P83. [ “A unique account of how a progres- sive teacher and her pupils worked to- gether and a description of results se- cured in aciual classroom practice.” THE CHILD-CENTERED SCHOOL By H. O. Rug and Ann Shumage:. World. 1928. IP.R34. Schools that are different in atmos: phere, housing and furniture; different in the roles they assign to pupil and teacher initiative. ‘What They Say. THE _AMERICAN ROAD TO CUL- TURE. By G. 3. 1930. TK83.C83. “A widely read provocative review of the American public's attitude toward its schools. Challenges blind faith in “our mechanically effective school sys- tem.” and holds that the “road” is |neither straight nor clear, but is | blocked by blind chance and irrational forces. A kindly critique, honest and courageous. and A valuable statement of some fundamental purposes which have been overlooked.” UNIVERSITIES AMERICAN, ENG- LISH. GE Flexner 1930. IX.F64. “A sensational but construetive eriti- cism of American colleges, marred by | some inaccuracies and overstatements. Its chief theses are that real culture is getting little attention and that athlet- |ics, ‘extension’ Summer schools, cor- espondence courses, and all sorts of , vocational training wit dollars-as-the- !goal for the mob. are absorbing chief | attention and funds and masquerading jas true education.” Movements Under Discussion. TEACHING THE BRIGHT PUPIL By Fay Adams and Walker Brown. Holt. "1930. 1Zg.Adi2. ~The problem of making tchcol work interesting and profitable for the bright pupil. WHY STOP LEARNING. By Dorot! Canfield. Harcourt. 1927. IL.C164w. A diverting history of adult education together with something sf its aims and methods. { NURSERY SCHOOL PROCEDURE. By J. C. Foster and M. L. Maltson. Ay 1029 TKH.F81n New for the youngest gener- ation, | PSYCHOLOGICAL _ SERVICE FOR SCHOOL PROBLEMS. By Hildreth. World. 1930." 1KI.H343. ‘Tests and measurements in ther re- lation to the exceptional child. the ! child in need of vocaticnal and educa- ( tional guidance and the child in neeq of remedial work ppleton. scheols stitute for Education by Radio. Ohio State University Press. 1930 IPR.INT. Education by radio. activities at home and abroad, what the radid is doing in elementary and secondary schools, and adult education and the radio. Disabled American /eterans A meeting under the auspices of the District of Columbia Department of the Disabled American Veterans was held in the Board Room of the District Building last Wednesday to discuss un- employment among the disabled. Ralph N. Wener, commander of Federal Chap- ter, presided, but most of the evening was taken up by National Comdr. E. C. Babcock. He explained the n: tional campaign of co-ordination of the efforts of the United States Veter- ans’ Administration, the United States Department of Labor and the Disabled American Veterans to mobilize all Fed- eral, State, county, municipal and civic agencies to place in work more than 65,000 compensable men who are em- ployable, but unemployed. Following his regular talk Comdr. Babcock answered questions for nearly two hours. On special invitation officials of all the other service organizations of the different wars attended the meeting and were introduced. Comdr. Babcock, at the invita- tion of Walter S. Gifford, chairman of the President’s Relief Commission, held a conference with him on Thursday at the Commerce Building. The Disabled American Veterans furnished Mr. Gif- ford with complete statistics that have resulted from about 300,000 ques- tionnaires that have gone to dis- abled men throughout the country and showed more than 65,000 men in phys- ical condition which permits them to work, but who have been unable to find jobs. It is planned for Mr. Gifford and Comdr. Babcock to hold another conference in the near future. Ace Rasmussen Chapter met Thurs- day evening at the Soldiers, Sallors and Marines' Club, Eleventh and L streets. Joe Ashe, commander, an- nounced that at the next meeting it was expected the Disabled American Veterans in this city would show an The American community of Manila | actual membership of more than 1,000. was solidly against him and expressed | Adjt resentment at the stirring up of the in- | before last the 900 mark was passed. Hendrick reported that week Comdr. Babcock led a party of Washington members to Baltimore on Friday night to attend a meeting of the Baltimore Chapter which he ad- dressed, as well as prominent officials in the Veterans' administration in the Maryland_city. Several groups of dis- abled in Maryland have been petition- ing for charters and while in Baltimore Comdr. Babcock took up with officials there the matter of extension of the organization in that State. In the near,future Comdr. Babcock cts to visit Richmond to address a t meeting of the officials of the he criticized that Shipstead’s Forum Speech . ___(Continued From Third Page.) the largest scale borrowing venture ever set on foot, all upon the assurance from our most respectable leaders, public and | private, that this was sure to re-create a basis of world confidence and bring | about an increase of world trade by several hundred per cent, out¢ of which all war-time and post-war obligations would be easily liquidated. | ‘This borrowing was all based appar- ently upon calculations that our Trea. ury policies regarding the European | government debts to our Government | would work out harmoniously and con- structively. All the private borrowing seemed to rest upon an involved net- work of public agreements. The final debtor, of course, was cleverly assumed | to be Germany. And in the Spring of | 1919 our Secretary of State, with at| least the absence of objection of his | chief, if not his acquiescence, had sol- | emnly joined with his colleagues of all the victorlous powers, in the so-called | Peace Cenference at Paris, to hold Ger- many solely and exclusively responsible | for all the damage on land, on sea and | acts of Congress, willing to make tnesé unofficial practices official?> To what extent are the American people again willing to assume the payment of losses suffered through financial ventures in European politics? We shall learn if and when the subject of eancellation of war debts comes before the Congress. Must Lay Out Program. As to the first point, I believe it will be rather difficult to get. the American people to accept the theory that they can be turned upside down overnight by foreign disasters after they have been told for 10 years that they were basking in the everlasting sun of pros- perity behind an unbreakable wall of protection, guided by men whose saga- cious eye had read the future not alone of this generation, but also of the Nation. Our people were told that nothing could affect them: that their standards of living were too high. our public and private financial systems were such that we could weather any storm from without. As to our domes- tic problems, I cannot in this conclud- ing moment do more than say that the below or above suffered by the citizens | Federal Government has certain par: of the victorious powers. So we had mount duties to our own people and our our share in the first of the agreements | own national interests. When thes which gave rise to the inverted pyramid have been surveyed d the practical of borrowing, even though the treaty of program capable of carrying out these Versaflles was not ratified by the | duties has been agreed upon and put Senate. I need but mention the subsequent agreements. the Dawes Committee and the Young Committee, the experts, near experts and other gatherings. We have had the more or less direct particip: tion of Washington and New York au- thorities, now surreptitious, now overt. It has been said we were in them un- officially, but financially they have in- olved us in them all. Upon them all has rested the structure of borrowings which have so demoralized security markets with an orgy of speculation and the creation of a sea of indebted- ness, both domestic and international, |into effect, we must then live up to our | responsibility to the rest of the world. | We have pursued certain policles | within our country in the last 15 years | that have had a great deal more to do with the cause of the depression here | than most of our people realize or many |are willing to admit. These problems should be probed and explored. It is all very well to be imbued with a mis- sionary spirit and an impulse to give moral leadership to the world. T am o old-fashioned that I believe that leader- | ship, like charity, should begin at home. | T am more and more confirmed in the | opinion that we can best serve the unequal to anything the world has ever world by putting our own house in Counts. Day. | G. H.| EDUCATION ON THE AIR. By In- | experienced. 1 emphasize this aspect of our in- volvement in the present state of the world for two reasons. Firstly. there is a tendency in many quarters to lay the blame for cur domestic crisis here in America upon world conditions, and secondly, there is the practical question of what' we are going to do about it How much can American people be held officially responsible for the results of acts done by unofficial commissions and to what extent hes official acquiescence or lack of protective measures resulted in placing responsibility upon us as & government and as a people? To what extent are the American people, through District Nat High praise for the manner in which the 121st Engipeer Regiment was imoved aboard The steamer from th icity to Norfolk during the recent e i campment period was contained in a |letter recelved by Lieut. Col. J. S Upham, adjutant general, from the ‘Norrolk and Washington Steamboat ! Company. ~On Sunday. August 16, 1931." the |letter says, “we had the privilege of | transporting on our steamer Disirict |of Columbia from Washington. D. C. |to Berkeley, Va. the National Guard | of the District of Columbia, numbering | approximately 492 officers and men, en route to the Virginia State Riile i Range at Virginia Beach. Va { “The facility with which this large | body of men embarked on our steamer | and were assigned to their respect: quarters gave every evidence that the movement of these men had been care- {fully and intelligently planned by the commanding officer. While en route their conduct was excellent, and no damage whatever was e to the steamer or its equipment.” With the return to the city of all the units which took their annual training pericd, the various armories became busy places again, as the organizations bcgan their new armory drill year. Recruiting was begun again by some of the units, which do not have the num- bers allotted to them. and the medical center began functioning with renewed activity, under the direction of Maj George Joseph Allen, director, and senfor medical officer of the local guard. Under the new scheme of things, all of the armory medical work is done in. the medical center, leaving the organi- zation medical units free for drill work. A number of recruits were ex- amined last Tuesday night. and | scores of men came in for their in- jections of typhoid serum. Maj. Allen, on whom rests the re- sponsibility of keeping the troops in a | healthy condition, has always insisted that all members take the typhoid ,serum as soon as their are enlisted, | with the result that when the organi- zation goes to camp none of the men | can take time out from drills because |of sore arms due to injections while | in the camps. | While the encampment season for 1931 has just closed, plans are already being discussed for the places which | will be used next year for the training ' of local troops, it was said at the bri- | gade headquarters. It also was indi- cated that the decision as to where the encampment will be held will be made | by October 1, next. : The matter of training camps was | discussed during the week by Maj. | Gen Anton Stephan, commanding the | 29th National Guard Division, com- | prising the militia organizations of {this city and the States of Maryland and Virginia, and who also is com- mander of the local militia brigade, with Maj. L. M. Silvester. U. S. infan- try. who has been detailed as senior army instructor of the District of Columbia Militi>. and_ &s irstructor of the 20th Division Staff. Maj. Sil- vester relieved Lieut. Col. Charies B. Elliott, infantry, who was ordered to duty at the tank school at Fort George G. Meade, Md. ‘While the camp sites have not been decided upon. there is some discussion of sending the 121st Engineers next Summer to Camp Albert C. Ritchie at Cascade. Md. This has proved one of the most popular camp sites with the enlisted personnel, as there are a num- ber of Summer resorts nearby which the men may visit when they are off duty in the evenings. The Virginia | | Beach camp site is not looked upon with much favor, because of the loca- tion on flat land. and it was said that the State of Virginia is considering abandoning the site. ‘The Maryland camp is located in the Blue Ridge mountains and, the State has spent considerable money in build- ing it a< a permanent militia camp. To the State funds have been added thousands of dollars from the Federal Government's militia appropriations. Construction now going on at the camp is for the purpose of providing an area | large enough for the camping of = | brigade, so that all of the Maryland units may take their field training at the same time during the Summer. Pvt. Willlam C. Hammett has been ordered promoted to the grade of corporal in Company A, 121st Engincers. ‘The following promotions have been made in Company A, 121st Engineers, | upon the recommendation of the com- pany commander: Corp. Olaf W. Christopherson to be | sergeant and private, first class; Ernest | J. Ogle to be corporal Private, first class, Caspar M. Roamer has been ordered transferred from the active to_the reserve ‘list of the 29th Division Military Police Company on | account of business interference with | the performance of military duty. 1 The following officers have been | granted Federal recognition by the | militia Jureau: Pirst Lieut. Harold W. | Hinds, ®29th” Division Aviation, Balti- | more; First Lieut. Richard H. Baker, | chaplain, 110th Field Artillery. Balti- | more; First Lieut. Wylie M. Faw, jr., Medical Corps, Fifth' Infantry, Baiti- order. The need for doing so is urgent and should not be further delayed. A policy of drift and inaction can only lead to further chaos. The longer we postpone action, the nearer we approach the 1932 elections. The nearer we approach elec- tions, the more we use the colored glasses of partisan politics. Let us for- get party politics and the coming elec- tions and co-operate, not to see that nothing is done but to co-operate in seeing to it that something be done. In that spirit I venture to respectfully say that Congress ought to be called into extraordinary session at the earliest pos- sible date. ional Guard more; Second Lieut. George D. Falter, 110th Field Artillery, Baltimore; Ma. Robert T. Barton, Field Artillery, Rich mond, Va The following promotions have been ordered in Company E, 121st Engineers; Pvt. Gilbert L. Johnson to be sergeant: private. first class. Leo C. Strieberger and Pvt. Henry M. Boudinot to be cor- porals. A reminder that all National Guard organizations must have the typhoid inoculation before going to the annual encampments has been given by the commanding general of the 3rd Corps Area, of which the Washington District is a part. The letter savs that as a result of deficiencies found at annual armory nspections this yvear, it has come to the attention of the Army headquar- ters that in some instances unit com- manders expect to have members of their units given anti-typhoid inocula- tion and smallpox vaccination at the Summer training camps or at some time thereafter. In view of the requirements of the regulations, the letter continues, it is nsidered that this action contemplated ome organizations is not satisfac- It adds that the very com- mendable and almost complete com- pliance with the requirements of the regulations as to vaccination on the part of some National Guard regiments in this corps area. as shown by the re- ports of annual armory inspections re- cently completed, demonstrates that the desired results can be accomplished curing the period of armofy training when properly handled. In the opinion of the Militia Bureau 2nd of the corps area headquarters. the iwo weeks provided for annual field training should be devoted to such training and the prescribed inocula- tions and vaccinations should be com- pleted before leaving the home station for field training or for active field service. The fact that a minimum period of weeks is necessary for the completion the vaccination of an individual would result in delay in movement to the theater of operations of the indi- vidual or of an organization whose members were not properly protected instead of being prepared to leave home station, as required by mobilization plans. National Guard organization com- manders were requested to give neces- sary instructions to carry out the plan. Pvt. Norman Goldman has been or- dered transferred from the reserve to the active list of the Headquarters and Service Company, 121st Engineers. The following have been ordered honorably discharged from the Guard on_account of removal from the city. Pvt. Claude H. Peacock, 29th Di sion, Military Police Company: Pvt. Francis H. Heavener, Medical Depart- ment Detachment, 121st Engineers. The following have been ordered transferred from the active to the re- serve lists of their respective commands on account of business interference with the performange of military duty. Pvts. Albert's. Burton, 28th Division, Military Police Company, and Otho & Pumphrey, Company B, 121st Engineers Pvt. Pedro G. Villalon has been or- dered transferred from the reserve to the active list of Company A, 121st Engineers. Pvt. E. P. Roberts, Headquarters De- tachment. 29th Division, has been or- dered honorably discharged on his own 1cquest. he havinz completed two years of a three-year enlistment. Pvt. James C. Stonebraker, 20th Division. Military Police Company, has been ordered honorably discharged be- cause of minority. Corpl. Harry E. Finley, Headquarters and Service Company, has bgen or- cered reduced to the grade of private and relieved of duty as mail orderly for the 121st Engineers Regiment. At the same time Pvt. Albert F. McCullough of the same command was promoted to cor- poral and assigned to duty as regl- mental mail orderly. FATHER ACTS TO HAVE ELOPEMENT ANNULLED Marriage of Anne V. Branson and Alfred Warthen Is Re- vealed. The elopsment of Miss Anne V. Branson, 17-year-old daughter of Bruce S. Branson, roofing ccntractor of 3807 Ingomar street, Chevy Chase, and Al- fred Warthen, 20, of Kensington, Md., was disclosed yesterday when the bride’s father announced he was considering plans to have the marriage annulled. Warthen and Miss Branson eloped to Hagerstown, Md., last Tuesday, were married at 1 o'clock that afternoon and returned immediately to Washing- ton. The bride has since been living with her parents, and Warthsn, a clerk in the Kenwood Market, Bethesda, at his home in Kensington.